Article(id=1276896684147864085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, issueId=1276896661737701828, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.3724/j.gyjzG25071403, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1752422400000, receivedDateStr=2025-07-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1782365493094, onlineDateStr=2026-06-25, pubDate=1779206400000, pubDateStr=2026-05-20, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1782365493094, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-06-25, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1782365493094, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1782365493094, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1276896661737701828, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, year='2026', volume='56', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='264', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='1779206400000', pubDateStr='2026-05-20', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1782365487751, creator='13701087609', updateTime=1782367237543, updator='13701087609', preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, articleTotal=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1276904000968589318, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, issueId=1276896661737701828, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1276904000968589319, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, issueId=1276896661737701828, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null, downloadFileDto=null}, startPage=258, endPage=264, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1276896684382745111, articleId=1276896684147864085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, language=EN, title=Accuracy Evaluation of Locally Deformed Angle Steel Point Cloud Models Based on Spatial Euclidean Distance, columnId=null, journalTitle=Industrial Construction, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Local deformation is a common damage to steel structures, and 3D reconstruction is an important approach to evaluate the bearing capacity of locally deformed angle steels. To accurately evaluate the accuracy of the SfM (Structure from Motion)-MVS (Multi-View Stereo) 3D reconstruction algorithm in establishing point cloud models of locally deformed steel components, this study proposed an accuracy evaluation method for angle steel point cloud models based on spatial Euclidean distance. Four types of locally deformed angle steels with two thicknesses were selected as the research objects, and an accuracy verification test was carried out on the digital image models of locally deformed steel components. The iterative closest point algorithm was used to align the test point cloud with the reference point cloud in space, and the accuracy of the point cloud model was quantified according to the Euclidean distance between corresponding points, so as to verify the accuracy of the angle steel point cloud model from a 3D perspective. The results showed that through the accuracy evaluation of the angle steel point cloud model, in the height and width directions, the points within the allowable range of dimensional deviation in the 3D point cloud models of the four types of locally deformed angle steels accounted for approximately 98% of the total number of point clouds in the models; in the thickness direction, the average error of the 5-mm-thick angle steel point cloud model was approximately 1.09 mm, while the average error of the 10-mm-thick angle steel point cloud model was approximately 1.02 mm; in the local deformation area, the average error of the four angle steel point cloud models was approximately 1.00 mm.

, authors=null, authorsList=Ling WANG, Da ZHAO, Dengshan BI, Daocheng ZHAO, Shuhao GUO, authorCompany=null, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, fund=null), CN=ArticleExt(id=1276896688639963694, articleId=1276896684147864085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1276577754012160025, language=CN, title=基于空间欧式距离的局部变形角钢点云模型精度评估, columnId=1276896684756038168, journalTitle=工业建筑, columnName=工程诊治与运维数智化, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

局部变形是钢结构常见的一种损伤,三维重构是局部变形角钢承载力评估的重要手段。为准确评估运动恢复结构(SfM,Structure from Motion)-多视角立体视觉(MVS,Multi-View Stereo)三维重构算法在构建局部变形钢构件点云模型时的精度表现,创新性地提出了一种基于空间欧式距离的角钢点云模型精度评估方法。选取两种厚度共四类局部变形角钢为研究对象,系统地开展了局部变形钢构件数字图像模型精度验证试验。借助迭代最近点算法,将测试点云与参考点云在空间中精准对齐,并依据对应点之间的欧式距离来量化点云模型精度,从三维角度对角钢点云模型进行精度验证。研究结果表明:在高度与宽度方向上,四种局部变形角钢中,尺寸偏差处于允许范围内的点约占其模型总点云数量的98%;在厚度方向上,5 mm厚角钢点云模型误差均值约为1.09 mm,而10 mm厚角钢点云模型误差均值约为1.02 mm;在局部变形区域,四种角钢点云模型的误差均值约为1.00 mm。

, authors=

王玲,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事工业建筑结构健康检测与监测研究。电子信箱:

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王玲,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事工业建筑结构健康检测与监测研究。电子信箱:

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王玲,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事工业建筑结构健康检测与监测研究。电子信箱:

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Dimensions of the four specimens

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序号试件编号截面规格净矢高h
1JG25(5)∟75×5251000
2JG35(5)∟75×5351000
3JG25(10)∟75×10251000
4JG30(10)∟75×10301000
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4根试件尺寸

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序号试件编号截面规格净矢高h
1JG25(5)∟75×5251000
2JG35(5)∟75×5351000
3JG25(10)∟75×10251000
4JG30(10)∟75×10301000
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Accuracy evaluation of 3D point cloud models

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试件编号高度误差/%Local1区域宽度误差/%Local2区域宽度误差/%Local1区域厚度测量误差均值/mmLocal2区域厚度测量误差均值/mm局部变形区域误差均值/mm
0~1 mm >1 mm0~1.2 mm >1.2 mm0~1.2 mm >1.2 mm
JG25(5)99.680.3299.110.9898.051.950.37850.35170.9527
JG35(5)99.910.0999.760.2499.010.990.46980.45671.2379
JG25(10)99.780.2297.532.4798.471.530.26740.30160.9368
JG30(10)99.690.3198.461.5498.041.960.27950.25371.1036
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三维点云模型精度评估

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试件编号高度误差/%Local1区域宽度误差/%Local2区域宽度误差/%Local1区域厚度测量误差均值/mmLocal2区域厚度测量误差均值/mm局部变形区域误差均值/mm
0~1 mm >1 mm0~1.2 mm >1.2 mm0~1.2 mm >1.2 mm
JG25(5)99.680.3299.110.9898.051.950.37850.35170.9527
JG35(5)99.910.0999.760.2499.010.990.46980.45671.2379
JG25(10)99.780.2297.532.4798.471.530.26740.30160.9368
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基于空间欧式距离的局部变形角钢点云模型精度评估
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王玲 1, 2 , 赵达 3 , 毕登山 2 , 赵道程 2 , 郭书浩 2
工业建筑 | 工程诊治与运维数智化 2026,56(5): 258-264
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工业建筑 |工程诊治与运维数智化 2026 , 56 (5) : 258 -264
基于空间欧式距离的局部变形角钢点云模型精度评估
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王玲1, 2 , 赵达3, 毕登山2, 赵道程2, 郭书浩2
作者信息
  • 1中冶检测认证有限公司,北京100088
  • 2国家工业建构筑物质量安全检验检测中心,北京100088
  • 3西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,西安710055
Accuracy Evaluation of Locally Deformed Angle Steel Point Cloud Models Based on Spatial Euclidean Distance
Ling WANG1, 2 , Da ZHAO3, Dengshan BI2, Daocheng ZHAO2, Shuhao GUO2
Affiliations
  • 1Inspection and Certification Co. , Ltd., MCC, Beijing100088, China
  • 2National Test Center for Quality and Safety Inspection of Industrial Buildings and Structures, Beijing100088, China
  • 3School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an710055, China
出版时间: 2026-05-20 doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25071403
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局部变形是钢结构常见的一种损伤,三维重构是局部变形角钢承载力评估的重要手段。为准确评估运动恢复结构(SfM,Structure from Motion)-多视角立体视觉(MVS,Multi-View Stereo)三维重构算法在构建局部变形钢构件点云模型时的精度表现,创新性地提出了一种基于空间欧式距离的角钢点云模型精度评估方法。选取两种厚度共四类局部变形角钢为研究对象,系统地开展了局部变形钢构件数字图像模型精度验证试验。借助迭代最近点算法,将测试点云与参考点云在空间中精准对齐,并依据对应点之间的欧式距离来量化点云模型精度,从三维角度对角钢点云模型进行精度验证。研究结果表明:在高度与宽度方向上,四种局部变形角钢中,尺寸偏差处于允许范围内的点约占其模型总点云数量的98%;在厚度方向上,5 mm厚角钢点云模型误差均值约为1.09 mm,而10 mm厚角钢点云模型误差均值约为1.02 mm;在局部变形区域,四种角钢点云模型的误差均值约为1.00 mm。

钢结构构件  /  SfM-MVS三维重建  /  点云模型  /  精度评估  /  空间欧氏距离

Local deformation is a common damage to steel structures, and 3D reconstruction is an important approach to evaluate the bearing capacity of locally deformed angle steels. To accurately evaluate the accuracy of the SfM (Structure from Motion)-MVS (Multi-View Stereo) 3D reconstruction algorithm in establishing point cloud models of locally deformed steel components, this study proposed an accuracy evaluation method for angle steel point cloud models based on spatial Euclidean distance. Four types of locally deformed angle steels with two thicknesses were selected as the research objects, and an accuracy verification test was carried out on the digital image models of locally deformed steel components. The iterative closest point algorithm was used to align the test point cloud with the reference point cloud in space, and the accuracy of the point cloud model was quantified according to the Euclidean distance between corresponding points, so as to verify the accuracy of the angle steel point cloud model from a 3D perspective. The results showed that through the accuracy evaluation of the angle steel point cloud model, in the height and width directions, the points within the allowable range of dimensional deviation in the 3D point cloud models of the four types of locally deformed angle steels accounted for approximately 98% of the total number of point clouds in the models; in the thickness direction, the average error of the 5-mm-thick angle steel point cloud model was approximately 1.09 mm, while the average error of the 10-mm-thick angle steel point cloud model was approximately 1.02 mm; in the local deformation area, the average error of the four angle steel point cloud models was approximately 1.00 mm.

steel components  /  SfM-MVS 3D reconstruction  /  point cloud model  /  accuracy evaluation  /  spatial Euclidean distance
王玲, 赵达, 毕登山, 赵道程, 郭书浩. 基于空间欧式距离的局部变形角钢点云模型精度评估. 工业建筑, 2026 , 56 (5) : 258 -264 . DOI: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25071403
Ling WANG, Da ZHAO, Dengshan BI, Daocheng ZHAO, Shuhao GUO. Accuracy Evaluation of Locally Deformed Angle Steel Point Cloud Models Based on Spatial Euclidean Distance[J]. Industrial Construction, 2026 , 56 (5) : 258 -264 . DOI: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25071403
在钢结构工程现场检测工作中,构件局部变形的准确检测是目前遇到的难题之一。传统的检测手段可为检测人员通过肉眼进行定性描述,但因为钢构件局部变形损伤的几何形状并不规则,且发生的位置也很随机,传统的检测方法很难构建出局部变形钢构件的真实几何模型。赵达等1针对这一情况提出可以运用三维点云逆向建模技术来检测局部变形钢构件。在这一过程中,三维点云数据是后续参数化模型的基础数据,其精度直接影响损伤检测的精度。
目前,在三维点云模型精度评估领域,传统方法通常依赖正向建模构建精确的参数化模型,通过空间配准技术将点云模型与参数化模型对齐,并以点云到参数模型表面的距离作为精度量化指标。然而,这一方法在应用于钢结构局部变形检测时面临挑战。由于钢构件局部变形的几何形态具有不规则性,正向建模技术难以捕捉其真实几何特征,导致构建的参数模型与实际变形形态存在显著偏差。这种模型失配问题使得基于传统正向建模的精度评估方法无法准确反映点云模型的真实误差,从而限制了对局部变形钢构件点云模型的有效评估。
针对上述问题,本文提出了一种双点云模型精度评估方法:将测试点云与参考点云在空间中配准,计算两模型中对应点之间的距离,以此来量化点云模型精度。参考点云模型采用Z+F三维激光扫描仪构建,该设备可建立高精度与高密度点云模型,能够较好地对测试点云进行精度评估。而精度评估结果为后期模型精度反馈和模型精度提升奠定了科学基础。
本文借助SfM(Structure from Motion)-MVS (Multi-View Stereo)方法建立局部变形角钢的测试点云模型。在这一过程中,SfM2和MVS3是两个关键步骤,其中SfM的目的是建立局部变形角钢的稀疏点云模型,而MVS的目的是建立局部变形角钢的密集点云模型。
本文采用佳能EOS R6相机进行数据采集,拍摄时确保周围环境中光线均匀,本文所取的相机参数为:焦距f为30 mm(平衡视角范围与成像分辨率)、光圈为f/5.6(景深适中,确保成像效果)、快门速度为1/20 s(保证室内自然光下图形亮度均匀、噪点可控)、ISO为640(控制图像噪点,平衡亮度需求)、拍摄半径为0.8 m(环绕拍摄时固定半径,关键区域可加密拍摄),照片数量为72张图像[每个高度拍18张照片,共4个高度(重叠度≥70%)]。
稀疏点云重建步骤利用开源软件COLMAP完成。匹配搜索和增量式重建是稀疏点云重建的两个重要模块。在匹配搜索模块中,需要依次完成特征提取、特征匹配和几何验证步骤。特征提取的目的是从图像中检测显著的关键点并计算描述子;特征匹配则通过比较不同图像中关键点的描述子的相似度,为同一物理点在多张图像上的投影寻找可能的对应关系;几何验证则是利用图像间的几何约束和鲁棒算法对匹配点对进行验证,筛选掉错误的匹配,只保留满足空间一致性要求的正确匹配点。在增量式重建模块中,则通过逐步添加经过验证的图像和点云数据,并持续优化相机姿态与三维点位置,最终构建出场景的稀疏三维结构。这两个模块相辅相成,共同完成从二维图像到三维点云的转换。过程中所涉及到的关键参数及取值为:overlap=18(连续图像匹配时,参与匹配的重叠度图像数量),loop_detection_period=10(回环检测周期),loop_detection_num_nearest_neighbors=1(回环检测中仅匹配最相似的1张图片),loop_detection_num_checks=256(回环检测对候选图像特征匹配检查次数,越大越严格)及num_images=10(局部光束平差每次处理的图像数量)。
稠密点云重建步骤仍利用开源软件COLMAP完成。稠密点云重建则需要依次进行图像去畸变、深度图和法向量估计、光度和几何一致性优化操作。稠密点云重建的目标是生成细节丰富、覆盖完整场景表面的三维模型,其核心流程依次为:首先进行图像去畸变,校正镜头失真以确保几何准确性;接着基于多视角立体视觉(MVS)算法进行深度图和法向量估计,为像素计算深度并推断表面方向;然后通过光度和几何一致性优化对深度图进行精细化处理,确保不同视角下的颜色预测一致且表面平滑连续;最后将优化后来自不同视角的深度图融合成一个全局一致的稠密点云。过程中所涉及到的关键参数及取值为:max_refinement_change=0.003(优化中参数变化阈值),images_ratio=1.10(全局优化中图像抽样比例),images_freq=500(图像抽样频率控制参数)及points_freq=250000(三维点抽样频率控制参数)。
具体建模过程详见文献[1]。表1为4根局部变形角钢试件相关信息,图1为三维重构实景,图2是以JG30(10)试件为例的点云模型。
地面三维激光扫描仪4(Terrestrial Laser Scanning, TLS)作为新兴技术,逐渐被应用到测量等各个领域,是获取地物目标LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging)高精度数据的主要途径5。本文选取德国Z+F公司的地面固定式三维激光扫描仪Z+F 5010对局部变形角钢进行测定,其核心参数为:10 m距离(80%反射率)下单点精度达0.3 mm,扫描视场角360°×320°,内置双轴补偿器(范围±5°),有效测程约180 m。综合考虑扫描分辨率与数据质量对耗时的影响,最终选择高分辨率模式进行遗址三维采集,单站扫描时长为6 min 44 s,旨在用三维激光扫描的精确三维点云模型从三维尺度上系统评估基于多视角几何的待验证三维点云的精度。即:测定前在局部变形角钢附近布置4个靶标球,并确保相邻两站之间至少有3个靶标球被扫描到;测定时每种类型的局部变形角钢测定站点数量均为8个,扫描仪中心至地面高度为1.90 m,角钢至扫描仪的直线距离为5 m以及各站点位置相同且固定;扫描完毕后利用Z+F三维激光扫描仪配套软件Z+F LaserControl V8.4.5 Win64对各站点测定数据进行拼接6,拼接过程中通过预设的3个靶标球连接相邻两视角的点云。由于软件可自动识别靶标球点云,所以通过这种最传统的拼接方式就可以达到均值为±0.6 mm左右的拼接误差。图3是以JG30(10)试件为例的拼接效果。拼接完成后的点云模型存在非感兴趣区域和离群点,先后利用直通滤波算法7和统计滤波算法对点云模型进行处理。处理过程中,直通滤波范围可通过人机交互的方式获取边界点的八叉树信息,统计滤波时需设定邻域点数(值越大,平滑效果越强)和标准差乘数阈值(值越大,过滤越严格)两个参数,本文分别设置为50和1.0。图4为参考点云处理前后对比。
为了系统地研究基于多视角立体视觉法在建立局部变形角钢模型时的精度表现,本文对点云模型的高度方向、宽度方向、厚度方向以及局部变形量等几何特征参数进行精度分析,从而得到基于多视角立体视觉三维重构方法在四个尺度上的表现情况。其中,对于高度和宽度方向,由于尺寸较大,导致两测点相隔较远,为了尽可能地避免测量误差,本文基于配准点云,通过计算投影方向的空间欧氏距离对角钢模型的高度和宽度方向进行精度评估。而对于厚度方向和局部变形区域,由于其更加精确的精度评估需求,故本文选择传统的测量法对角钢模型的厚度方向和局部变形区域进行精度评估。另外,根据GB/T 706—2016《热轧型钢》8中对热轧型钢尺寸的允许偏差值的规定,在进行精度评价时将该规范8中允许的偏差值作为参照,以合理评估三维点云模型的精度。
精度评估之前,由于两个模型处于不同的三维坐标系,所以利用ICP9-11(Iterative Closest Point)算法将两者对齐到同一三维坐标系中。在此将局部变形角钢的三维激光扫描模型作为目标对象,将基于多视角几何重建的三维模型作为活动对象,均方根误差(RMS)参数设置为1.0×10-7,最终重叠(Final overlap)参数设置为100%。至此,测试点云模型与参考点云模型完成空间配准,配准后结果如图5所示。
计算测试点云与配准点云在z轴投影方向上的空间欧氏距离,量化两者之间的差异。即以精确的三维激光扫描点云模型作为参照,以多视角几何三维点云模型作为待评估对象,通过迭代最近点算法从参照模型中找到待评估点云模型中各点云的对应点,之后计算两模型中对应点云在高度方向上的误差,分析结果列于表2。最后为了方便比较和展示,本文对四种角钢高度方向的误差进行了可视化展示(图67)。
GB/T 706—2016中规定,当型钢长度不大于8 m时,允许正偏差值为+50 mm,允许负偏差值为0。由于误差统计时高度方向误差较小且存在负值,故本文以1 mm为界限进行分段统计。由表2可知:4种局部变形角钢三维点云模型的高度方向误差在0~1 mm区间内的点占总点云数量的比值相近且均超过99%。误差大于1 mm的点占比极低,主要由采集环境干扰、设备系统偏差等不可避免的点云噪声导致。
在精度评估之前,由于角钢模型的边宽分布在两个相互垂直的方向,所以无法从整体模型中得到具体的边宽精度。为了解决这个问题,本文在将两个整体点云模型配准之后,采用相同的尺度对两个点云模型进行分割,即将等边单角钢的两个薄壁区域单独提取出来并记作Local1区域和Local2区域。之后利用投影法计算两模型中对应点在宽度方向上的误差并进行可视化。由于Local1区域和Local2两区域的误差相差不大,故本文以Local1区域为例进行展示(图89)。GB/T 706—2016中规定,对于边宽度为75 mm的等边单角钢,边宽度方向允许的最大尺寸偏差值为±1.2 mm。由表2可知,4种局部变形角钢三维点云模型的宽度方向误差在0~1.2 mm区间内的占比相近,且均超过97%。同一角钢模型的两个区域之间精度相差不大,确保了整体模型测量的一致性和可靠性。
由于GB/T 706—2016中允许的厚度方向尺寸偏差较小(±0.6 mm),且用于精度评估的三维激光扫描模型在该尺度上的精度相对较低(误差均值约0.4 mm),因此应采用传统测量方法进行误差统计。具体步骤如下:首先在实物角钢上均匀选取20个位置,并用精度为0.02 mm的游标卡尺测量其厚度;然后在角钢点云模型上标出相应的20个位置并进行测量;最后计算对应位置的误差均值[图10(a)],结果见表2。可知,5 mm厚角钢模型的误差均值大于10 mm厚角钢模型的误差均值,但均低于规范8中允许的尺寸偏差值。
对于角钢模型局部变形区域的精度评估,仍采用传统的测量方法进行误差统计。首先在实物角钢上均匀选取20个位置并利用割线法测量其尺寸,然后在角钢模型的对应位置处手动标记出所有位置,最后利用勾股定理即可确定出所选位置的局部变形量的大小[图10(b)]。通过对两个数据相减并取均值,完成局部变形量误差均值的统计,其结果见表2。可见:4种角钢局部变形区域误差均值为1 mm左右。
针对传统点云模型精度评估方法的不足,提出一种基于空间欧式距离的局部变形角钢点云模型精度评估方法,并通过试验验证了该方法的可行性,主要结论如下:
1)基于空间欧式距离的局部变形角钢点云模型精度评估方法,通过迭代最近点ICP(Iterative Closest Point)算法将两点云在空间中配准,计算对应点之间的空间欧式距离,点云模型精度则被描述为点的误差分布,解决了传统点云评估方法的局限性。
2)通过对测试点云模型的精度评估,其高度与宽度方向上,4种局部变形角钢三维点云模型中尺寸偏差允许范围内的点约占其模型总点云数量的98%。其厚度方向上,5 mm厚角钢点云模型误差均值约为1.09 mm,而10 mm厚角钢点云模型误差均值约为1.02 mm。其局部变形区域上,4种角钢点云模型的误差均值约为1 mm。
3)精度评估结果表明,基于SfM-MVS的三维重构方法可以建立较为精确的局部变形角钢点云模型,为工程应用提供参考。

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doi: 10.3724/j.gyjzG25071403
  • 接收时间:2025-07-14
  • 首发时间:2026-06-25
  • 出版时间:2026-05-20
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  • 收稿日期:2025-07-14
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    1中冶检测认证有限公司,北京100088
    2国家工业建构筑物质量安全检验检测中心,北京100088
    3西安建筑科技大学土木工程学院,西安710055
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
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种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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