Article(id=1245390366879363706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0603, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1694966400000, receivedDateStr=2023-09-18, revisedDate=1699804800000, revisedDateStr=2023-11-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853801698, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853801698, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853801698, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853801698, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390357958082790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853799571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854467826, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=23, endPage=35, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390367575618180, articleId=1245390366879363706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Research on human-induced vibration and vibration control of variable cross-section steel truss girder pedestrian bridge, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To study the comfort level of human-induced vibration of a variable section steel-truss pedestrian bridge and the vibration reduction effect of tuned mass damper (TMD), a steel truss girder pedestrian bridge on the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal was taken as the research object. Finite element simulation and on-site measurement were used to study the human-induced vibration response of the steel truss pedestrian bridge. Based on the finite element model, the vibration response of the bridge before installation of TMD was analyzed, the pedestrian comfort level was determined, and the influence of pedestrian density, damping ratio and crowd excitation frequency on the bridge was discussed. In this way, the TMD design parameters were given, and the influence of TMD mass ratio on the vibration reduction effect was analyzed. On site measurements were conducted on the pedestrian bridge after the installation of TMD, and based on which acceleration time history and frequency spectrum analysis were used to study the human-induced vibration response of the bridge under corresponding operating conditions. Comparison of the results shows that before installing the TMD, the acceleration response of the bridge exceeds the specification limit, and the effect of human-induced vibration should be considered. In a certain range, the acceleration response increases with the increase of pedestrian density and decreases with the increase of damping ratio. The vibration response increases significantly when the pedestrian step frequency is close to a certain order of the vibration frequency of the bridge. After the installation of TMD, the measured human-induced vibration response of the bridge is reduced, and its response is consistent with the simulation results. The research results in this paper can provide theoretical support for the study of human-induced vibration of variable section steel truss bridge.

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为研究变截面钢桁梁人行桥人致振动舒适度及调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)的减振效果,以某京杭大运河钢桁梁人行桥为研究对象,采用有限元模拟和现场实测2种方式,研究钢桁梁人行桥人致振动响应。基于有限元模型,分析未安装TMD之前的桥梁振动响应,确定行人舒适度水平,讨论行人密度、阻尼比和人群激励频率等参数对其的影响,以此给出TMD设计参数,并分析了TMD质量比对减振效果的影响;对安装TMD之后的人行桥进行了现场实测,并在实测基础上,采用加速度时程和频谱分析对相应工况进行桥梁人致振动响应研究。研究结果表明:安装TMD之前,该桥加速度响应超过规范限值,需要考虑人致振动的影响;其加速度响应在一定范围内随着行人密度增长而增大,随着阻尼比的增大而减小;当行人步频接近桥梁某阶振动频率时,振动响应明显增大;安装TMD之后,该桥实测的人致振动响应有所降低,其响应规律与模拟结果较为一致。文中的研究成果可为变截面钢桁梁人行桥人致振动研究提供理论支持。

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谢永靖(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事桥梁结构理论研究。E-mail:
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陈建兵(1968—),男,教授,主要从事桥梁结构理论研究。E-mail:

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Power spectral density model for human jumping load[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2018, 51(9): 56-65. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Power spectral density model for human jumping load, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1245390399183892980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, awardId=52208189, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52208189), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245390385254608917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390385267191830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, companyId=1245390385254608917, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390385283969048, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, 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figureFileBig=S7v4lNt1RCj5kHrKbGGQ3Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390397019632021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

The first four vibration modes and their characteristics

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态频率/Hz振型特点
1阶1.851阶正对称竖弯
2阶2.061阶正对称侧弯
3阶2.70桥面扭转,桁架1阶反对称
4阶2.73桥面扭转,桁架1阶反对称
), ArticleFig(id=1245390397124489624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

前4阶振型及其特点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态频率/Hz振型特点
1阶1.851阶正对称竖弯
2阶2.061阶正对称侧弯
3阶2.70桥面扭转,桁架1阶反对称
4阶2.73桥面扭转,桁架1阶反对称
), ArticleFig(id=1245390397212570010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Load value

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
荷载方向单人荷载Fp/N
竖向280
纵向140
侧向35
), ArticleFig(id=1245390397334204832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

荷载取值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
荷载方向单人荷载Fp/N
竖向280
纵向140
侧向35
), ArticleFig(id=1245390397405508000, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Pedestrian traffic level and density

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
交通级别行人密度d特点
TC1d=15P/BL行人十分稀少
TC2d=0.2P/m2行人稀少,可以自由的行走,可快步走
TC3d=0.5P/m2繁忙,行走不受限,但快步走有时被限制
TC4d=1.0P/m2十分繁忙,无法自由移动和快步走
TC5d=1.5P/m2异常繁忙,步行拥挤、行动不舒适
), ArticleFig(id=1245390397510365606, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

行人交通级别和密度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
交通级别行人密度d特点
TC1d=15P/BL行人十分稀少
TC2d=0.2P/m2行人稀少,可以自由的行走,可快步走
TC3d=0.5P/m2繁忙,行走不受限,但快步走有时被限制
TC4d=1.0P/m2十分繁忙,无法自由移动和快步走
TC5d=1.5P/m2异常繁忙,步行拥挤、行动不舒适
), ArticleFig(id=1245390397611028908, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

EN03 comfort evaluation criteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
舒适度类别舒适程度竖向加速度限值/(m/s2
CL1最好[0,0.5)
CL2中等[0.5,1.0)
CL3[1.0,2.5)
CL4无法忍受[2.5,+∞)
), ArticleFig(id=1245390397699109297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

EN03舒适度评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
舒适度类别舒适程度竖向加速度限值/(m/s2
CL1最好[0,0.5)
CL2中等[0.5,1.0)
CL3[1.0,2.5)
CL4无法忍受[2.5,+∞)
), ArticleFig(id=1245390397808161203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Maximum peak acceleration under different pedestrian densities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行人密度/(人/m2竖向振动峰值加速度/(m/s2
0.0070.038
0.2000.206
0.5000.325
1.0001.246
1.5001.526
2.0001.762
), ArticleFig(id=1245390397887852980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同行人密度下的最大峰值加速度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行人密度/(人/m2竖向振动峰值加速度/(m/s2
0.0070.038
0.2000.206
0.5000.325
1.0001.246
1.5001.526
2.0001.762
), ArticleFig(id=1245390397971739064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Maximum peak acceleration under different structural damping ratios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构阻尼比/%竖向振动峰值加速度/(m/s2
0.201.994
0.251.751
0.301.551
0.351.384
0.401.246
0.501.033
0.600.875
), ArticleFig(id=1245390398043042238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同结构阻尼比下的最大峰值加速度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
结构阻尼比/%竖向振动峰值加速度/(m/s2
0.201.994
0.251.751
0.301.551
0.351.384
0.401.246
0.501.033
0.600.875
), ArticleFig(id=1245390398139511234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

TMD parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态数量/个质量md/kg刚度kopt/(N/m)阻尼系数copt/(N•s/m)控制方向
1阶1020002610003657竖向
1阶21000560001196横向
), ArticleFig(id=1245390398256951751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

TMD参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模态数量/个质量md/kg刚度kopt/(N/m)阻尼系数copt/(N•s/m)控制方向
1阶1020002610003657竖向
1阶21000560001196横向
), ArticleFig(id=1245390398357615054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comparison of accelerations before and after TMD vibration reduction under different pedestrian densities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行人密度/(人/m2峰值加速度/(m/s2减振率/%
减振前减振后
1.01.2460.08593.18
1.51.5260.10593.12
2.01.7620.12193.13
), ArticleFig(id=1245390398437306835, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同行人密度下的TMD减振前后加速度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
行人密度/(人/m2峰值加速度/(m/s2减振率/%
减振前减振后
1.01.2460.08593.18
1.51.5260.10593.12
2.01.7620.12193.13
), ArticleFig(id=1245390398516998614, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

TMD parameters under different mass ratios

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质量比/%质量md/(kg)刚度kopt/(N/m)阻尼系数copt/(N•s/m)控制方向
0.550070030522竖向
1.010001386791466竖向
1.515002059742674竖向
2.525003366245670竖向
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不同质量比下的TMD参数

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质量比/%质量md/(kg)刚度kopt/(N/m)阻尼系数copt/(N•s/m)控制方向
0.550070030522竖向
1.010001386791466竖向
1.515002059742674竖向
2.525003366245670竖向
), ArticleFig(id=1245390398718325215, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Comparison of TMD vibration reduction results under five mass ratios

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质量比/%峰值加速度/(m/s2减振率/%
减振前减振后
0.50.21485.98
1.00.14990.24
1.51.5260.12292.01
2.00.10593.12
2.50.09493.84
), ArticleFig(id=1245390398777045474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

5种质量比下的TMD减振结果对比

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质量比/%峰值加速度/(m/s2减振率/%
减振前减振后
0.50.21485.98
1.00.14990.24
1.51.5260.12292.01
2.00.10593.12
2.50.09493.84
), ArticleFig(id=1245390398831571430, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Measured vertical vibration peak acceleration in pedestrian excitation conditions

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序号工况描述测试情形加速度传感器
12345678910
11人1.5 Hz步行通过沿中线0.0460.0310.0400.0290.0550.0320.0490.0360.0620.045
23人1.5 Hz步行通过一列沿中线0.0560.0340.0400.0260.0600.0500.0580.0410.0750.049
38人1.5 Hz步行通过0.0610.0410.0500.0350.0660.0570.0610.0530.0820.057
414人1.5 Hz步行通过0.0720.0580.0640.0520.0860.0630.0760.0680.0950.070
53人3.0 Hz奔跑通过一排沿中线0.1020.0820.1320.0740.1350.0910.1270.1140.1970.148
614人1.8 Hz步行通过两列沿中线0.0450.0370.1160.0320.1170.0880.1040.0700.1730.092
714人2.0 Hz步行通过0.0490.0430.0980.0420.0950.0750.0870.0660.1160.080
814人2.2 Hz步行通过0.0650.0550.0670.0430.1060.0790.0980.0490.0850.077
914人3.0 Hz奔跑通过0.2670.2190.3410.1960.3920.2510.3800.3150.3860.307
1014人1.5 Hz步行通过两排沿中线0.0740.0650.0770.0630.1000.0710.0840.0600.0930.079
1114人1.8 Hz步行通过0.1010.0930.1560.0880.1310.0970.1190.0620.1430.106
1214人2.0 Hz步行通过0.0980.0690.1010.0640.1160.0750.0950.0650.1160.090
131人原地跳跃边跨跨中0.0270.0230.0640.0450.0320.0280.0250.0210.0250.022
141人原地跳跃中跨跨中0.0210.0120.0260.0170.0290.0200.0510.0420.1060.094
153人原地跳跃边跨跨中0.0360.0310.0780.0630.0530.0410.0380.0270.0320.028
163人原地跳跃中跨跨中0.0280.0170.0300.0210.0330.0240.0680.0440.1500.120
178人原地跳跃0.0440.0280.0470.0310.0460.0300.0970.0810.1870.162
1814人原地跳跃0.0670.0460.0630.0590.0500.0380.1660.0960.2160.202
), ArticleFig(id=1245390398911263209, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

行人激励工况实测的竖向振动峰值加速度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号工况描述测试情形加速度传感器
12345678910
11人1.5 Hz步行通过沿中线0.0460.0310.0400.0290.0550.0320.0490.0360.0620.045
23人1.5 Hz步行通过一列沿中线0.0560.0340.0400.0260.0600.0500.0580.0410.0750.049
38人1.5 Hz步行通过0.0610.0410.0500.0350.0660.0570.0610.0530.0820.057
414人1.5 Hz步行通过0.0720.0580.0640.0520.0860.0630.0760.0680.0950.070
53人3.0 Hz奔跑通过一排沿中线0.1020.0820.1320.0740.1350.0910.1270.1140.1970.148
614人1.8 Hz步行通过两列沿中线0.0450.0370.1160.0320.1170.0880.1040.0700.1730.092
714人2.0 Hz步行通过0.0490.0430.0980.0420.0950.0750.0870.0660.1160.080
814人2.2 Hz步行通过0.0650.0550.0670.0430.1060.0790.0980.0490.0850.077
914人3.0 Hz奔跑通过0.2670.2190.3410.1960.3920.2510.3800.3150.3860.307
1014人1.5 Hz步行通过两排沿中线0.0740.0650.0770.0630.1000.0710.0840.0600.0930.079
1114人1.8 Hz步行通过0.1010.0930.1560.0880.1310.0970.1190.0620.1430.106
1214人2.0 Hz步行通过0.0980.0690.1010.0640.1160.0750.0950.0650.1160.090
131人原地跳跃边跨跨中0.0270.0230.0640.0450.0320.0280.0250.0210.0250.022
141人原地跳跃中跨跨中0.0210.0120.0260.0170.0290.0200.0510.0420.1060.094
153人原地跳跃边跨跨中0.0360.0310.0780.0630.0530.0410.0380.0270.0320.028
163人原地跳跃中跨跨中0.0280.0170.0300.0210.0330.0240.0680.0440.1500.120
178人原地跳跃0.0440.0280.0470.0310.0460.0300.0970.0810.1870.162
1814人原地跳跃0.0670.0460.0630.0590.0500.0380.1660.0960.2160.202
), ArticleFig(id=1245390398978372076, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=EN, label=Table 12, caption=

Comparison of simulated and measured maximum vertical accelerations in pedestrian excitation conditions

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序号工况描述测试情形竖向峰值加速度/(m/s2差值率/%
实测值计算值
11人1.5 Hz步行通过沿中线0.0620.057-8.06
23人1.5 Hz步行通过一列沿中线0.0750.08817.33
38人1.5 Hz步行通过0.0820.10224.39
414人1.5 Hz步行通过0.0950.12632.63
53人3.0 Hz奔跑通过一排沿中线0.1970.21810.66
614人1.8 Hz步行通过两列沿中线0.1730.1782.89
714人2.0 Hz步行通过0.1160.1279.48
814人2.2 Hz步行通过0.1060.101-4.72
914人3.0 Hz奔跑通过0.3920.4217.40
1014人1.5 Hz步行通过两排沿中线0.1000.1011.00
1114人1.8 Hz步行通过0.1560.1687.69
1214人2.0 Hz步行通过0.1160.1268.62
131人原地跳跃边跨跨中0.0640.046-28.13
141人原地跳跃中跨跨中0.1060.1114.72
153人原地跳跃边跨跨中0.0780.10332.05
163人原地跳跃中跨跨中0.1500.1596.00
178人原地跳跃0.1870.21112.83
1814人原地跳跃0.2160.28531.94
), ArticleFig(id=1245390399083229681, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390366879363706, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

行人激励工况模拟与实测最大竖向加速度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号工况描述测试情形竖向峰值加速度/(m/s2差值率/%
实测值计算值
11人1.5 Hz步行通过沿中线0.0620.057-8.06
23人1.5 Hz步行通过一列沿中线0.0750.08817.33
38人1.5 Hz步行通过0.0820.10224.39
414人1.5 Hz步行通过0.0950.12632.63
53人3.0 Hz奔跑通过一排沿中线0.1970.21810.66
614人1.8 Hz步行通过两列沿中线0.1730.1782.89
714人2.0 Hz步行通过0.1160.1279.48
814人2.2 Hz步行通过0.1060.101-4.72
914人3.0 Hz奔跑通过0.3920.4217.40
1014人1.5 Hz步行通过两排沿中线0.1000.1011.00
1114人1.8 Hz步行通过0.1560.1687.69
1214人2.0 Hz步行通过0.1160.1268.62
131人原地跳跃边跨跨中0.0640.046-28.13
141人原地跳跃中跨跨中0.1060.1114.72
153人原地跳跃边跨跨中0.0780.10332.05
163人原地跳跃中跨跨中0.1500.1596.00
178人原地跳跃0.1870.21112.83
1814人原地跳跃0.2160.28531.94
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变截面钢桁梁人行桥人致振动及振动控制研究
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陈建兵 1 , 谢永靖 1 , 李祖辉 2 , 刘晨光 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(6): 23-35
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(6): 23-35
变截面钢桁梁人行桥人致振动及振动控制研究
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陈建兵1 , 谢永靖1 , 李祖辉2, 刘晨光1
作者信息
  • 1.苏州科技大学 土木工程学院,江苏 苏州 215011
  • 2.苏州中正工程检测有限公司,江苏 苏州 215000
  • 陈建兵(1968—),男,教授,主要从事桥梁结构理论研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

谢永靖(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事桥梁结构理论研究。E-mail:
Research on human-induced vibration and vibration control of variable cross-section steel truss girder pedestrian bridge
Jianbing CHEN1 , Yongjing XIE1 , Zuhui LI2, Chenguang LIU1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215011, China
  • 2.Suzhou Zhongzheng Engineering Inspection Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0603
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为研究变截面钢桁梁人行桥人致振动舒适度及调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)的减振效果,以某京杭大运河钢桁梁人行桥为研究对象,采用有限元模拟和现场实测2种方式,研究钢桁梁人行桥人致振动响应。基于有限元模型,分析未安装TMD之前的桥梁振动响应,确定行人舒适度水平,讨论行人密度、阻尼比和人群激励频率等参数对其的影响,以此给出TMD设计参数,并分析了TMD质量比对减振效果的影响;对安装TMD之后的人行桥进行了现场实测,并在实测基础上,采用加速度时程和频谱分析对相应工况进行桥梁人致振动响应研究。研究结果表明:安装TMD之前,该桥加速度响应超过规范限值,需要考虑人致振动的影响;其加速度响应在一定范围内随着行人密度增长而增大,随着阻尼比的增大而减小;当行人步频接近桥梁某阶振动频率时,振动响应明显增大;安装TMD之后,该桥实测的人致振动响应有所降低,其响应规律与模拟结果较为一致。文中的研究成果可为变截面钢桁梁人行桥人致振动研究提供理论支持。

钢桁梁  /  人致振动测试  /  人致振动模拟  /  舒适度评价  /  调谐质量阻尼器  /  减振控制

To study the comfort level of human-induced vibration of a variable section steel-truss pedestrian bridge and the vibration reduction effect of tuned mass damper (TMD), a steel truss girder pedestrian bridge on the Beijing Hangzhou Grand Canal was taken as the research object. Finite element simulation and on-site measurement were used to study the human-induced vibration response of the steel truss pedestrian bridge. Based on the finite element model, the vibration response of the bridge before installation of TMD was analyzed, the pedestrian comfort level was determined, and the influence of pedestrian density, damping ratio and crowd excitation frequency on the bridge was discussed. In this way, the TMD design parameters were given, and the influence of TMD mass ratio on the vibration reduction effect was analyzed. On site measurements were conducted on the pedestrian bridge after the installation of TMD, and based on which acceleration time history and frequency spectrum analysis were used to study the human-induced vibration response of the bridge under corresponding operating conditions. Comparison of the results shows that before installing the TMD, the acceleration response of the bridge exceeds the specification limit, and the effect of human-induced vibration should be considered. In a certain range, the acceleration response increases with the increase of pedestrian density and decreases with the increase of damping ratio. The vibration response increases significantly when the pedestrian step frequency is close to a certain order of the vibration frequency of the bridge. After the installation of TMD, the measured human-induced vibration response of the bridge is reduced, and its response is consistent with the simulation results. The research results in this paper can provide theoretical support for the study of human-induced vibration of variable section steel truss bridge.

steel truss girder  /  human-induced vibration test  /  human induced vibration simulation  /  comfort evaluation  /  tuned mass damper  /  vibration control
陈建兵, 谢永靖, 李祖辉, 刘晨光. 变截面钢桁梁人行桥人致振动及振动控制研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (6) : 23 -35 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0603
Jianbing CHEN, Yongjing XIE, Zuhui LI, Chenguang LIU. Research on human-induced vibration and vibration control of variable cross-section steel truss girder pedestrian bridge[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (6) : 23 -35 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0603
现代科技日新月异,人行桥正向着结构更加纤细和跨度更大的方向发展,加之钢结构材料的不断更新迭代,这样就使得如今的人行桥的质量越来越轻,刚度越来越小,其带来的结果是自振频率的减小和较低的质量阻尼,使得桥梁结构发生人致振动,这种振动直接影响了桥上行人的舒适度、结构的使用性和安全性[1-2],从而导致这种“轻便”的人行桥在人群荷载激励作用下也更容易发生振动。2000年英国千禧桥[3](Millennium Bridge)事件,使得全世界设计者不得不对人致振动造成的影响提高警惕。在此背景下,研究人致振动对结构的影响以及振动控制是十分有意义的。
目前,人行桥振动舒适度及振动控制研究主要包括结构动力响应分析、建立人行脚步动荷载模型、振动舒适度评价和减振措施等内容。人行脚步荷载模型是研究人行桥振动舒适度的基础,国内外规范均对此做出了相关规定。最早提出人行桥设计要考虑人行荷载的规范是英国BS 5400规范[4]。BS5400规范在第二部分荷载标准中给出了人行荷载作用的相关内容,并规定了具体的计算方法;现行具有普遍适用性的德国EN03规范[5](以下简称《EN03》),通过划分不同的交通级别得到相应的人行荷载参数,结合桥梁自振频率和人行荷载模型计算得到振动加速度峰值,以此评价人行桥舒适度;杨勇等[6]运用步行荷载模型对钢结构曲梁斜拱肋人行桥进行了人致振动舒适度评价。自振频率是结构动力响应的主要结果,也是衡量人行桥是否需要进行舒适度评价的依据。BACHMANN[7]通过实测分别得到了钢筋混凝土人行桥和连续钢人行桥的基本侧向频率和竖向频率。刘枫等[8]对人行悬索桥进行人致振动实测,通过设计不同的人行荷载工况得到峰值加速度,并结合规范判断舒适度等级。现今使用较为广泛的人行桥减振措施是通过安装调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)进行减振。HARTOG[9]提出了TMD最优参数的计算式,这使得TMD被广泛应用于桥梁减振。华旭刚等[10]通过TMD理论设计及减振实测,分析了TMD对大跨度双层曲线斜拉桥的减振效果和TMD减振优化;沈文爱等[11]研究了多重调谐质量阻尼器(multiple tuned mass damper,MTMD)对大跨度人行悬索桥的减振效果;邹卓等[12]分析了人行悬索桥设置不同参数对TMD减振效果的影响。
目前,针对变截面钢桁梁桥在人行荷载激励下的振动响应研究较少,同时,钢桁梁桥由于人致振动造成的安全问题频繁出现[13],需要对其进行减振控制。本文以某京杭大运河人行钢桁桥为背景,采用有限元模拟未安装TMD情况下人行桥的振动响应,讨论不同参数对人行钢桁桥振动响应的影响,得到最优的减振方案;对安装TMD后的人行桥进行实测,选用不同的行人激励模型,对比分析实测与模拟结果的响应规律。
某京杭大运河人行桥主桥为(50+120+50) m连续变截面钢桁梁桥,桥梁全宽为11.6 m,桥面宽为10 m,两榀桁架间采用横梁、风撑连接,桁架结构采用Q420qD钢材,桥面板及横梁、风撑等结构采用Q345qD钢材,实测弹性模量为2.06×108 kPa。桥梁与运河斜交31.6°(右斜)。结构布置如图1所示,桥梁全貌如图2所示。
采用Midas Civil对未设置TMD的人行桥建立有限元模型如图3所示。模型支座采用弹性连接,其约束方向与实桥支座一致,并对其进行自振特性分析,得到前4阶振动频率和振型特点如表1所示,且与设计计算结果一致,其前4阶振型如图4所示。由表可知,桥梁1阶竖向振动频率为1.85 Hz,不满足《EN03》规定的竖向频率大于2.3 Hz的要求,所以该人行桥在人致振动下容易产生过大的动力响应。
在桥梁满载情况下,采用《EN03》规定的行人脚步荷载模型,其表达式为
式中:P×cos(2π fst)为单个行人产生的荷载;P为步频为fs时的单人产生的荷载;fs为步频(计算桥梁自振频率时,假设步行频率等于人行桥基频);n′为桥面板上单位面积的等效行人数量,桥面板面积S=B×Lψ为折减系数,其取值如图5所示。
单人产生的荷载的取值如表2所示。
桥面板面积S上的等效行人数n′计算式为
交通级别TC1~TC3(行人密度d<1.0P/m2):
交通级别TC4~TC5(行人密度d≥1.0P/m2):
式中:ξ为结构阻尼比;n为受荷面积S上的行人数(n=S×d)。
式(1)和表2中的人群密度与交通级别根据《EN03》规定选取,如表3所示。
表3中,TC1~TC5为交通级别的荷载均采用谐波荷载模型,根据行人流量的密度,有2种不同的荷载模型可计算人行桥对行人密度的响应:①TC1~TC3的荷载模型:人流密度d<1.0P/m2;②TC4~TC5的荷载模型:人流密度d≥1.0P/m2
把人行荷载函数施加于图3所示的有限元模型上,并进行移动荷载时程分析,其荷载加载方向与振动方向同向,加载方式如图6所示。
通过时程分析法求解有限元模型中节点峰值加速度,并与《EN03》划定的舒适度评价标准(表4)作比较,得到其舒适度等级。
行人密度是对桥梁振动影响的最主要参数,行人密度为人群的密集程度,会影响行人的步频、步速和步行方向,与行人过桥舒适度直接相关。在对比其他参数时,行人密度均取1.0人/m2
在1.2节中有限元计算得到该桥1阶振动频率为1.85 Hz,由表2可知该频率对应的折减系数ψ=1,在讨论步频参数对人致振动分析结果的影响时,步频范围[13]取1.5~2.2 Hz。在对比其他参数时,步频均取该桥1阶振动频率。
在进行除阻尼比以外的其它参数比较时,其阻尼比取值均采用《EN03》规范中钢结构人行桥规定的0.40%。
桥梁振动加速度与行人密度有关,同时,行人舒适度等级也随着行人密集程度而变化。
模拟分析时,设定6种行人密度,分别取表3中的5种交通级别(其中TC1级别对应的行人密度为0.007人/m2)以及行人密度为2.0人/m2[14-15]的满载交通级别,研究不同行人密度对桥梁振动加速度的影响。不同行人密度的峰值加速度计算结果如表5所示,其最大峰值加速度随行人密度的变化规律如图7所示。
荷载模型中频率fs为该桥1阶自振频率,表5中加速度为桥梁1阶振动下的振动加速度。由图7可知,当行人密度小于2.0人/m2时,随着行人密度的增大,该桥竖向加速度峰值呈线性增长,当行人密度大于1.0人/m2时,竖向加速度峰值均大于1.0 m/s2,舒适度等级为“差”。
不同的行人密度对结构动力特性有显著影响,同时,随着行人密度的增大,桥梁基频略微降低。当行人密度大于1.0 m/s2时,该桥的人致振动竖向加速度响应值大于0.5 m/s2,超出了《EN03》规定的行人舒适度等级。因此,需要安装减振装置以改善桥梁振动舒适度。
桥梁振动可以视为有阻尼的简谐振动,所以桥梁在有阻尼存在的情况下,其动力响应在达到一定幅值后就会趋于稳定。同时,当人行频率接近桥梁某1阶自振频率时,桥梁会发生共振现象,但由于结构阻尼的存在,结构不会因破坏而发生重大事故。
由于桥梁结构类型不同,其结构阻尼比范围也不同。在行人密度和步频不变的情况下,分别选取0.20%、0.25%、0.30%、0.35%、0.40%、0.50%、0.60%等7种阻尼比,计算阻尼比对结构峰值加速度的影响。其峰值加速度计算结果如表6所示,图8给出了阻尼比为0.30%、0.40%、0.60%情况下的竖向振动峰值加速度点的时程。
表6可知,随着阻尼比的增大,结构振动加速度逐渐减小,阻尼比为0.20%时,加速度最大,其竖向峰值加速度为1.994 m/s2;阻尼比为0.60%时,加速度最小,其竖向峰值加速度为0.875 m/s2
结构阻尼比增大能更多耗散输入结构的能量,有助于减小人行桥振动响应[14],当结构振动响应较大,行人舒适度等级不满足要求时,可通过增大结构阻尼(如安装阻尼器)等措施来改善行人舒适度[16],但是在实际工程中,应兼顾考虑其经济实用性,一般钢结构人行桥,通常在0.20%~0.40%范围内确定最佳阻尼比,该范围也满足《EN03》的要求。
在考虑整个桥梁的振动响应时,由于步行频率的变化,所引起的桥梁总体响应也会发生变化。一般情况下,行人行走较为舒适的频率区间[17]为1.5~2.2 Hz。为了进一步分析行人步频对该桥结构振动加速度的影响,以1.5 Hz为步频最小值,按步长0.1 Hz递增进行计算,并提取了不同步频下的竖向加速度进行分析。
不同步频下的振动加速度时程曲线如图9所示。由图可知,桥梁竖向振动加速度与步频没有单一的线性关系,而是在区间内有增有减,当步频接近桥梁第1阶自振频率1.85 Hz时,振动响应最大,其竖向峰值加速度为1.246 m/s2,其舒适度等级为“差”级别;当步频远离第1阶自振频率时,结构振动响应较小,其舒适度等级为“最好”级别。
基于模型计算结果及相关研究[18]可知,当该桥输入的步频与桥梁某阶振动频率高度相近时,其结构会发生明显振动,当其振动加速度超过规范限值(不大于0.5 m/s2)时,则需进行减振控制;当步频与桥梁某阶振动频率相差很大时,其结构振动响应相对较小,结构舒适度等级满足规范要求。
根据1.2节有限元分析结果和1.3节动力特性参数分析可知,当外部激励频率与桥梁第1阶的自振频率相同时,在大于1.0人/m2的行人密度作用下,该人行桥会产生显著的振动响应。所以需要对第1阶竖向振动进行减振控制。现今较为普遍的减振控制措施是增加结构阻尼比,即对人行桥安装调谐质量阻尼器(TMD),使人行桥舒适度水平达到设计要求。
TMD是由固体质量、弹簧和内置阻尼组成的被动调谐装置,它的减振原理是将阻尼器系统固有频率调至结构的某个振动频率,通过两者的相互作用以达到减振效果。选取合适的TMD需要计算其最优频率和最佳阻尼比。
目前常用的TMD参数计算公式是HARTOG[9]建立的无阻尼体系的参数公式,其计算公式为
式中:μ为TMD质量与结构主质量的比值,建议取值为0.5%~5.0%;λopt为最优频率比;ζopt为最优阻尼比;ω0为主结构固有频率(角频率);md为TMD质量;kopt为最优刚度系数;copt为最优阻尼系数。
表5可知,人行桥在行人密度分别为1.0、1.5、2.0人/m2等3种情况下,其竖向振动加速度均不满足规范要求(<0.5 m/s2)。因此,需对其进行TMD减振控制。
在进行TMD减振设计前,分别选取1.85 Hz(1阶频率)的桥梁频率和2.0%的质量比μ,根据前文模型分析结果可知,桥梁1阶振型参与质量为1044111 kg,代入式(4)~式(7)中,经计算,得到TMD的质量、最优刚度系数及最优阻尼系数,如表7所示。第1阶振型峰值加速度出现在跨中,结合现场情况,经对比分析,确定在中跨安装10个相同参数的竖向TMD(尺寸为1200 mm×850 mm)和2个相同参数的横向TMD(尺寸为750 mm×700 mm)(设置横向TMD是为了防止人群密度过大或极端风荷载等对桥梁造成超出限值的水平振动,限于篇幅,本文仅对竖向振动响应进行减振分析),TMD布置形式如图10所示,TMD安装示意如图11所示。
在有限元模型中采用弹簧和线性阻尼器模拟TMD,使用一般连接将TMD与桥梁节点相连,一般连接特性值采用表7中的参数。
表8为3种行人密度下的TMD的减振计算结果,图12给出了减振前后的3种行人密度加速度时程。由表可知,减振前,人行桥峰值加速度均大于1 m/s2,其舒适度等级均为“差”,减振后,3种行人密度作用下的人行桥峰值加速度均大幅度降低,其减振率达到93%以上,减振后的峰值加速度远小于0.5 m/s2,其舒适度等级达到“最好”。因此,设置TMD后结构的人致振动舒适度水平满足规范要求。
在进行减振设计时,TMD的质量并不是越大越好,增大质量比可以减小振动响应,但同时还要兼顾其经济性。为了研究不同质量比对减振前后峰值加速度的影响,保持1.5人/m2的行人密度不变的情况下,在前文2%质量比的基础上,另选取0.5%、1.0%、1.5%、2.5%这4种质量比进行对比分析,经计算,得到其TMD参数如表9所示。
表10为5种质量比下的TMD减振结果,减振后,其舒适度水平均为“最好”;当行人密度为1.5人/m2时,TMD质量比大于2.0%,减振率较前者无显著变化,所以选择小于等于2.0%的质量比较为合理。
据此,在不同行人密度作用下,选取2.0%的质量比均可以使桥上行人的舒适度水平达到“最好”,这也符合0.5%~5.0%的建议取值[9]。通过分析不同质量比的TMD减振效果可得,TMD减振率随质量比的增加而增加,且减振效果显著。但在实际情况中,需要考虑经济性和运输便利,实际设计的TMD各项参数往往不能达到理论计算得到的参数。
人行桥振动测试为行人激励测试,使用传感器分别采集桥梁的竖向、顺桥向及侧向振动的加速度信号,并通过东华DHDAS动态信号分析系统对加速度信号进行频谱分析,得到人行桥在行人激励下的振动加速度。为避免干扰,测试过程中封闭全桥;实时监测当日气温、风速和桥下通航情况。
测试设备采用东华DH5907N无线桥梁模态测试分析系统和DH5922D(32通道)动态信号测试分析系统2种,分析系统包括控制主机和传感器。其中,速度传感器有双向和三向2种型号,加速度传感器为单向。为确保数据精确度,传感器灵敏度均设置为高灵敏度,其时程范围、单位等按传感器所给标准设定。
测试规定人行桥自南向北为顺桥向,传感器放置距离从主桥端点开始计算。全桥纵向共设置6个测试截面见图13(a),分别为南侧边跨L/4截面、L/2截面、3L/4截面及中跨L/4截面、L/2截面、3L/4截面;横桥向,中跨L/2截面测点布置在桥梁中轴线及两侧边缘(距离桁架内侧边缘30 cm处),中跨3L/4截面测点布置在桥梁中轴线,其它截面布置在桥梁中轴线和一侧边缘(上游,距离桁架内侧边缘30 cm处)。传感器测点布设如图13所示。其中,1~4号为双向传感器;5~7号为三向传感器;8~17号为加速度传感器;横向布置截面如图13(c)、(d)所示;传感器安装如图14所示。
人行激励实测是在设置TMD之后,按行人步行、奔跑及跳跃3种激励方式进行,测试人员按照节拍器设置的频率前进,其中,原地跳跃激励的持续时间为35 s,跳跃激励频率为2.5 Hz;奔跑激励频率为3.0 Hz;行走激励频率分别为1.5、1.8、2.0、2.2 Hz。现场测试如图15所示。
实测的行人激励工况和峰值加速度结果如表11所示。3种典型工况的频谱时程(FFT)如图16所示。
表11可知,结构振动加速度响应在一定条件下与测试人数和步频呈正相关。对于行走工况,当频率相同时,振动响应随测试人数的增加而增大,相对于行走工况,奔跑工况的加速度响应更显著;当测试人数相同时,振动响应随步频的增大而增大;对于跳跃工况,当测试位置相同时,振动响应也随测试人数的增加而增大。
当14人以3.0 Hz奔跑通过工况下,其实测最大竖向振动加速度大于其他工况,其加速度为0.392 m/s2,小于0.5 m/s2,达到了“最好”等级,满足行人舒适度要求,也说明了所安装的TMD降低了人行桥的动力响应,进一步验证了TMD设置方案的合理性。
不同的行人不会产生相同的步行力,即使是单个行人,每走一步也会产生不同的步行力[19],因此,行人激励荷载也有所区分。
对于步行(奔跑)通过工况,采用JGJ/T 441—2019《建筑楼盖振动舒适度技术标准》[20]中规定的行走激励荷载模型,其表达式为
式中:Ft)为人行走激励荷载;PP为行人重量,可取0.7 kN(JGJ/T 441—2019《建筑楼盖结构振动舒适度技术标准》[20]建议值为0.7 kN,根据现场参与实测人员的体重统计取为0.7 kN);γi为第i阶荷载频率的动力因子,γ1~γ3分别取0.5、0.2、0.1;fs为步行频率(Hz);φi为第i阶荷载频率对应的相位角,φ1~φ3分别取0、π/2、π/2。
对于跳跃工况,参考刘军进等[21]对楼盖竖向激励进行的振动试验研究和陈隽等[22]对跳跃荷载功率谱模型的研究,采用图16作为跳跃激励工况的荷载模型。其计算如式(9)所示:
式中:P0为激励人员的体重(根据现场参与实测人员的体重统计取为0.7 kN);a为跳跃动力系数;T为跳跃周期;b为落地持时系数。
根据文献[17]结果,处于慢频跳跃(<2.0 Hz)时,a = 3.0,b = 0.55;处于中频(2.4~2.8 Hz)及快频(>2.8 Hz)跳跃时,可统一取a = 4.0,b = 0.45,其跳跃激励模型如图17所示。
在有限元模型中,步行(奔跑)通过工况是根据行人数量和步行频率,建立荷载模型并将其施加在行走路线的桥面梁节点上;跳跃工况是根据工况实测位置,将图17荷载模型施加在对应节点上。
建立与表11中的工况对应的行人激励模型。计算各工况的加速度峰值,并与实测相对比,其结果见表12
表12可知,根据实测工况模拟计算所得到的加速度峰值均小于0.5 m/s2,满足行人舒适度要求,达到了“最好”等级,其最大竖向振动加速度发生在14人以3.0 Hz奔跑通过工况,与实测结果一致。
人致振动模拟计算结果显示,设置TMD后,人行桥振动响应与测试人数和测试频率呈线性关系。测试频率相同时,加速度响应随着人数增加而增大,这与实测结果得到的规律基本一致。模拟计算得到的部分最大加速度位置与实测略有偏差,主要是因为有限元模拟分析过程只能考虑部分外界因素对桥梁振动的影响。同时,行人荷载模型会按有限元工况严格加载,具有较好的数值稳定性,但实测过程中,测试人员难以保持一致的行走频率进行测试,因此模拟和实测的部分最大振动响应位置稍有偏差。
综上所述,人致振动模拟得到的竖向峰值加速度基本能包络实测结果。其规律也与实测较为一致。在实际工程中,人致振动模拟可作为实测的参考对象,为行人舒适度评价及振动控制提供依据。
本文通过对某京杭大运河变截面钢桁梁人行桥人致振动响应及TMD减振分析,得出以下主要结论:
1)有限元模拟结果表明,该桥竖向振动加速度响应超过了规范限值,人致振动问题较为显著,需要采取减振控制措施。
2)桥梁振动加速度与行人密度密切相关,当行人密度较低时,行人舒适度水平能保持“最好”;随着行人密度的增加,桥梁振动响应增大,桥上行人的舒适度等级会超过规范限值。
3)当行人步频接近自振频率时,结构振动响应较为显著;当行人步频远离自振频率时,两者发生共振的可能性减小,因此,结构振动响应也较小。
4)结构阻尼比增大有助于耗散由行人输入人行桥的能量,人行桥的振动响应会相应降低并逐渐达到稳定状态,行人因人行桥共振产生剧烈振动而感觉不适的现象会有所减缓。
5)安装TMD后,人致振动模拟得到的竖向峰值加速度基本能包络实测结果,且加速度振动响应均满足舒适度要求,其TMD减振效果明显;当行人数量相同时,运动激励引起的振动响应随步频的增加而增大,且与现场实测结果得出的加速度响应规律较为吻合。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52208189)
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2024年第44卷第6期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0603
  • 接收时间:2023-09-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-09-18
  • 修回日期:2023-11-13
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52208189)
作者信息
    1.苏州科技大学 土木工程学院,江苏 苏州 215011
    2.苏州中正工程检测有限公司,江苏 苏州 215000

通讯作者:

谢永靖(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事桥梁结构理论研究。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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