Article(id=1245390365965005396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0604, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724860800000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-29, revisedDate=1730044800000, revisedDateStr=2024-10-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853801480, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853801480, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853801480, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853801480, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390357958082790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853799571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854467826, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=36, endPage=45, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390366275383903, articleId=1245390365965005396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Structural characteristics and earthquake damage characteristics of brick-wood structures in the
Ms6.2 Jishishan earthquake, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=
On December 18, 2023, a Ms6.2 earthquake occurred in Jishishan County, Gansu Province, affecting 118 towns including Dahejia Town, Liuji Town and Shiyuan Town. The areas have a relatively low level of economic development, with widespread and severely damaged brick (earth) and wood structures, resulting a significant number of casualties. In view of the large stock of brick-wood buildings in the region and their local characteristics, this study summarizes the architectural and structural characteristics of double-slope brick-wood structures and single-slope high wall brick-wood structures based on the on-site research, analyzes the typical earthquake damage phenomena and mechanisms, discusses the seismic vulnerabilities of existing brick-wood structures, and proposes the corresponding improvement measures in combination with the actual needs of rural construction. The findings indicate that in the epicentral area, most of the brick-wood structures are moderately damaged or severely damaged, and a few are destroyed. Structures with a mix of brick column and earth wall load-bearing and single-slope high-wall structures suffered more severe damage compared to double-slope brick-wood structures. The damage can be classified into four categories including overall or partial collapse, roof damage, wall damage, and other damage. The primary causes of the damage are identified as irrational structural systems, low mortar strength, poor overall integrity, and the absence of effective seismic construction measures. Consequently, this paper suggests targeted improvement measures to enhance the overall integrity, increase the collapse resistance of the walls, and prevent the collapse of roof components. These measures aim to provide a scientific basis and practical guidance for improving the seismic resilience of rural dwellings and optimizing disaster prevention and mitigation strategies.
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2023年12月18日,甘肃省积石山县发生了6.2级地震,对大河家镇、刘集乡、石塬镇等118个乡镇地区造成影响。受地震影响区域的经济发展水平较低,传统砖(土)木结构民居广泛存在且受损严重,造成了大量的人员伤亡。鉴于该区域砖木结构建筑存量庞大且富含地方特色,研究基于实地震害调研,归纳了双坡砖木结构和单坡高墙砖木结构的建筑构造特点,分析了典型震害现象及破坏机理,探讨了既有砖木民居的抗震缺陷,并结合村镇建筑实际设防需求提出了相应的改进措施。研究结果表明:在积石山地震极震区内,砖木结构多数中等破坏或严重破坏,少数毁坏。相较于双坡砖木结构,砖土混合承重结构与单坡高墙房屋的破坏程度更重。震害现象可归为整体或局部倒塌、屋盖破坏、墙体破坏以及其他震害四类。震害主要成因为结构体系不合理、砂浆强度低、房屋整体性差以及缺乏有效抗震构造措施。进而,针对不同震害成因提出相应的改进措施,如增强房屋整体性、提升墙体抗倒塌能力、防止屋盖构件塌落等,旨在为提升村镇民居抗震能力、优化防灾减灾策略提供科学依据和实用指导。
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, authorsList=闫佳琦, 孙柏涛, 姜鹏飞, 魏珂)}, authors=[Author(id=1245390378912822141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=yanjiaqi_kelly@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1245390379122537349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, authorId=1245390378912822141, language=EN, stringName=Jiaqi YAN, firstName=Jiaqi, middleName=null, lastName=YAN, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1245390379424527244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, authorId=1245390378912822141, language=CN, stringName=闫佳琦, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080, bio={"content":"
闫佳琦(1994—),女,博士研究生,主要从事结构工程、地震工程研究。E-mail:yanjiaqi_kelly@163.com
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闫佳琦(1994—),女,博士研究生,主要从事结构工程、地震工程研究。E-mail:yanjiaqi_kelly@163.com
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1, 2, 3, address=
1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China
3.Key Laboratory of Life Search and Rescue Technology for Earthquake and Geological Disaster, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100049, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1245390379961398177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, authorId=1245390379655213971, language=CN, stringName=孙柏涛, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, 3, address=
1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
3.地震和地质灾害生命搜索救援技术应急管理部重点实验室,北京 100049, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245390378082349930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390378086544235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, companyId=1245390378082349930, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390378094932844, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, companyId=1245390378082349930, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080)]), AuthorCompany(id=1245390378342396785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390378350785394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, companyId=1245390378342396785, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390378354979699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, companyId=1245390378342396785, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080)]), AuthorCompany(id=1245390378669552503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, xref=3., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390378677941112, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, companyId=1245390378669552503, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3.Key Laboratory of Life Search and Rescue Technology for Earthquake and Geological Disaster, Ministry of Emergency Management, Beijing 100049, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390378686329721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, companyId=1245390378669552503, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
3.地震和地质灾害生命搜索救援技术应急管理部重点实验室,北京 100049)])]), Author(id=1245390380041089962, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, orderNo=2, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1245390380288553906, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, authorId=1245390380041089962, language=EN, stringName=Pengfei JIANG, firstName=Pengfei, middleName=null, lastName=JIANG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1245390380498269110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, authorId=1245390380041089962, language=CN, stringName=姜鹏飞, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245390378082349930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390378086544235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, companyId=1245390378082349930, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080)]), AuthorCompany(id=1245390378342396785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390378350785394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, companyId=1245390378342396785, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080)])]), Author(id=1245390380728955837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, orderNo=3, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=null, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1245390380980614086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, authorId=1245390380728955837, language=EN, stringName=Ke WEI, firstName=Ke, middleName=null, lastName=WEI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1245390383694328781, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, authorId=1245390380728955837, language=CN, stringName=魏珂, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=
1, 2, address=
1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null)}, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245390378082349930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390378086544235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, companyId=1245390378082349930, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080)]), AuthorCompany(id=1245390378342396785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, xref=2., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390378350785394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, companyId=1245390378342396785, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390378354979699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, companyId=1245390378342396785, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=
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Partition wall beside the heatable brick bed, figureFileSmall=0n3pDwoGnS8Cubu5kk0o8A==, figureFileBig=fxWl/v5v6u0mTqCnErrClw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390385623707693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=图1, caption=
炕边隔墙, figureFileSmall=0n3pDwoGnS8Cubu5kk0o8A==, figureFileBig=fxWl/v5v6u0mTqCnErrClw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390385858588734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=
Typical structural characteristics of brick-wood structure, figureFileSmall=+dZItSPfxI1WHrYW9ukpuA==, figureFileBig=3bp3oqlpb0qA0m11Wbm76Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390385967640645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=图2, caption=
典型砖木结构构造特征, figureFileSmall=+dZItSPfxI1WHrYW9ukpuA==, figureFileBig=3bp3oqlpb0qA0m11Wbm76Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390387989295179, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=
Structural characteristics of brick-wood structure, figureFileSmall=xfI9yUR+xK9Movbg4rqwQw==, figureFileBig=A08E3BA+gvKwvQE/6roVOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390388228370520, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=图3, caption=
砖木结构构造特征, figureFileSmall=xfI9yUR+xK9Movbg4rqwQw==, figureFileBig=A08E3BA+gvKwvQE/6roVOQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390388484223070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=
Overall collapse of brick-wood structure (Gaoli Village, Liuji Town, Intensity eight), figureFileSmall=0i9gkk2vCMQTFAKPrTCzSQ==, figureFileBig=CAcuToUbJF/vx2E938a/hA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390388802990182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=图4, caption=
砖木结构整体倒塌(刘集乡高李村,VIII度), figureFileSmall=0i9gkk2vCMQTFAKPrTCzSQ==, figureFileBig=CAcuToUbJF/vx2E938a/hA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390389067231342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=
Local collapse of brick-wood structure (Kexinmin Village, Dahejia Town, Intensity eight), figureFileSmall=YmXhT14t69H6Fdxm34zHCA==, figureFileBig=uiYeVlnw9TeAkM/HnYj6hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390389394387062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=图5, caption=
砖木结构局部倒塌(大河家镇克新民村,VIII度), figureFileSmall=YmXhT14t69H6Fdxm34zHCA==, figureFileBig=uiYeVlnw9TeAkM/HnYj6hQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390389692182653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=
Roof damage of brick-wood structure, figureFileSmall=WbB8MC+kaPsF4XWeOlon3Q==, figureFileBig=l+6+dI6CKpr/N8jvkDjdaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390390002561157, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=图6, caption=
砖木结构屋盖破坏, figureFileSmall=WbB8MC+kaPsF4XWeOlon3Q==, figureFileBig=l+6+dI6CKpr/N8jvkDjdaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390390342299787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=
Oblique cracks of in the wall, figureFileSmall=JbgcGANZdr0fJgQolYa0Mw==, figureFileBig=kxfWIVKZTBBvEkdj1WM0ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390390661066899, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=图7, caption=
墙体斜裂缝, figureFileSmall=JbgcGANZdr0fJgQolYa0Mw==, figureFileBig=kxfWIVKZTBBvEkdj1WM0ew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390390841421979, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=
Pull-off and cracking of longitudinal and transverse walls, figureFileSmall=xpZXwPSwZV0yKVLZJX8lIg==, figureFileBig=mbnj6Aan+QaWsMgQvOzjiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390391025971363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=图8, caption=
纵横墙拉脱开裂, figureFileSmall=xpZXwPSwZV0yKVLZJX8lIg==, figureFileBig=mbnj6Aan+QaWsMgQvOzjiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390391248269478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=
Diagonal cracks in the corner of opening for windows and doors, figureFileSmall=iXbaxFQbrmCV5ofDiOJSDw==, figureFileBig=FwngUZFqJ/xhM9GZ6KWQAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390391483150506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=图9, caption=
门窗洞口角部斜裂缝, figureFileSmall=iXbaxFQbrmCV5ofDiOJSDw==, figureFileBig=FwngUZFqJ/xhM9GZ6KWQAw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390391650922672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=
Damage to the wall where the beam or purlin are placed, figureFileSmall=f8jzBjCsqOnCo8AGOinXUA==, figureFileBig=nS6eyg1JslJJ2WXTTkI5ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390391864832181, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=图10, caption=
梁檩搁置处墙体破坏, figureFileSmall=f8jzBjCsqOnCo8AGOinXUA==, figureFileBig=nS6eyg1JslJJ2WXTTkI5ng==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390392191987900, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=
Collapse of partition walls next to the heatable brick bed, figureFileSmall=FvDuFCbSbrvJop74gRFrsg==, figureFileBig=dGYE2kMU7wAwUVmTmE2rww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390392456229059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=图11, caption=
炕边隔墙倒塌, figureFileSmall=FvDuFCbSbrvJop74gRFrsg==, figureFileBig=dGYE2kMU7wAwUVmTmE2rww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390392653361352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=
Other earthquake damages, figureFileSmall=jNjUKCALMna8CrpuHPz/+Q==, figureFileBig=Jy8pPAjejKInZF6cKKhl4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390392879853773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=图12, caption=
其他震害, figureFileSmall=jNjUKCALMna8CrpuHPz/+Q==, figureFileBig=Jy8pPAjejKInZF6cKKhl4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390393081180369, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=
Typical planar forms and elevation forms of brick-wood dwellings
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 平立面特征 | 分类 | 平面、立面形状示意图 | 特征描述 |
|---|
| 平面特征 | “虎抱头”或“锁子厅” |  | 中部凹进,设有前廊;两侧凸出,作卧室用 |
| 檐廊式 |  | 房屋前侧设有过廊,常以墙体和平行排列的柱子组成廊道 |
| 挑檐式 |  | 房屋前侧有挑檐,无过廊,入户门前有一定宽度的檐下空间 |
| 立面特征 | 双坡屋顶,称“两面坡” |  | 多数以中间横向正脊分两坡,两侧山墙与屋面平齐;少量为卷棚,两坡交界处不用正脊,而以弧形曲面过渡。由于部分房屋前侧设有门廊,双坡不等,面向院内侧坡面更长 |
| 高墙单坡,称“一面坡” |  | 前、后墙的高差较大,前墙高度约为3.0~3.6 m,后墙高度约为4.5~6.0 m |
| 平屋顶 |  | 屋面较平缓,坡度小于5% |
| 前平后瓦 |  | 前廊部分为挑檐平屋顶,主体房屋部分为双坡木屋顶 |
), ArticleFig(id=1245390393433501911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=表1, caption=
典型砖木民居平面、立面形式分类表
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 平立面特征 | 分类 | 平面、立面形状示意图 | 特征描述 |
|---|
| 平面特征 | “虎抱头”或“锁子厅” |  | 中部凹进,设有前廊;两侧凸出,作卧室用 |
| 檐廊式 |  | 房屋前侧设有过廊,常以墙体和平行排列的柱子组成廊道 |
| 挑檐式 |  | 房屋前侧有挑檐,无过廊,入户门前有一定宽度的檐下空间 |
| 立面特征 | 双坡屋顶,称“两面坡” |  | 多数以中间横向正脊分两坡,两侧山墙与屋面平齐;少量为卷棚,两坡交界处不用正脊,而以弧形曲面过渡。由于部分房屋前侧设有门廊,双坡不等,面向院内侧坡面更长 |
| 高墙单坡,称“一面坡” |  | 前、后墙的高差较大,前墙高度约为3.0~3.6 m,后墙高度约为4.5~6.0 m |
| 平屋顶 |  | 屋面较平缓,坡度小于5% |
| 前平后瓦 |  | 前廊部分为挑檐平屋顶,主体房屋部分为双坡木屋顶 |
), ArticleFig(id=1245390393672577246, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=
Typical damage phenomena and causes of brick-wood structures in Jishishan earthquake
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 震害特征 | 震害现象 | 震害成因简析 |
|---|
| 整体/局部倒塌 | ①房屋整体倒塌 ②房屋端部/后侧局部倒塌 | ①结构体系不合理。混合承重(土墙和砖柱)体系缺少拉结措施,变形不协调;单坡高墙结构,前后墙体的高差大,后墙重心位置高,更易外闪 ②房屋整体性差。结构未设置圈梁、构造柱(筋)等,纵横墙之间咬槎不足,屋盖与墙体之间连接差,约束力不足 ③砂浆强度低。建筑施工砂浆配比多以黄土、红土为主,混合石灰与少量水泥,砂浆强度不足 |
| 屋盖破坏 | ①屋面溜瓦 ②屋盖构件破坏 ③屋盖坍塌 | ①抹泥坐瓦屋面,泥浆强度不足。屋盖做法多为木屋盖上方抹泥坐瓦,地震作用下屋脊处变形最大,泥浆强度不足,瓦片易脱离滑落 ②屋盖系统整体性差、屋盖与墙体之间连接差。砖木结构大量采用硬山搁檩屋顶,与墙体之间无抗震连接措施,地震作用下屋顶与墙体反应不协调 |
| 墙体破坏 | ①剪切交叉裂缝 ②纵横墙间竖向裂缝 ③门窗洞口的角部斜裂缝 ④梁檩搁置处墙体破坏 | ①砂浆强度低,墙体砌筑质量差。砂浆中黄土含量高,强度低;墙体竖向灰缝不饱满,砌筑养护质量不高 ②缺少圈梁构造柱等构造措施,纵横墙之间的咬槎连接不足 ③前纵墙门窗洞口面积大,窗间墙宽度小于抗震技术规程要求,墙体刚度削弱显著,承载力较低 |
| 其他震害 | ①炕边隔墙倒塌 ②室内吊顶掉落 ③门窗破坏 ④围护院墙破坏 ⑤锤头破坏,门檐掉落 | 构造不合理,与承重构件连接不足。例如,炕边隔墙砌筑未达顶部,且缺乏与相邻山墙的有效拉结措施,在地震作用下极易发生失稳倒塌 |
), ArticleFig(id=1245390393844543714, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365965005396, language=CN, label=表2, caption=
积石山地震砖木结构典型震害现象与成因汇总表
, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
| 震害特征 | 震害现象 | 震害成因简析 |
|---|
| 整体/局部倒塌 | ①房屋整体倒塌 ②房屋端部/后侧局部倒塌 | ①结构体系不合理。混合承重(土墙和砖柱)体系缺少拉结措施,变形不协调;单坡高墙结构,前后墙体的高差大,后墙重心位置高,更易外闪 ②房屋整体性差。结构未设置圈梁、构造柱(筋)等,纵横墙之间咬槎不足,屋盖与墙体之间连接差,约束力不足 ③砂浆强度低。建筑施工砂浆配比多以黄土、红土为主,混合石灰与少量水泥,砂浆强度不足 |
| 屋盖破坏 | ①屋面溜瓦 ②屋盖构件破坏 ③屋盖坍塌 | ①抹泥坐瓦屋面,泥浆强度不足。屋盖做法多为木屋盖上方抹泥坐瓦,地震作用下屋脊处变形最大,泥浆强度不足,瓦片易脱离滑落 ②屋盖系统整体性差、屋盖与墙体之间连接差。砖木结构大量采用硬山搁檩屋顶,与墙体之间无抗震连接措施,地震作用下屋顶与墙体反应不协调 |
| 墙体破坏 | ①剪切交叉裂缝 ②纵横墙间竖向裂缝 ③门窗洞口的角部斜裂缝 ④梁檩搁置处墙体破坏 | ①砂浆强度低,墙体砌筑质量差。砂浆中黄土含量高,强度低;墙体竖向灰缝不饱满,砌筑养护质量不高 ②缺少圈梁构造柱等构造措施,纵横墙之间的咬槎连接不足 ③前纵墙门窗洞口面积大,窗间墙宽度小于抗震技术规程要求,墙体刚度削弱显著,承载力较低 |
| 其他震害 | ①炕边隔墙倒塌 ②室内吊顶掉落 ③门窗破坏 ④围护院墙破坏 ⑤锤头破坏,门檐掉落 | 构造不合理,与承重构件连接不足。例如,炕边隔墙砌筑未达顶部,且缺乏与相邻山墙的有效拉结措施,在地震作用下极易发生失稳倒塌 |
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