Article(id=1245390365138727486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0613, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1691251200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-06, revisedDate=1694534400000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-13, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853801283, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853801283, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853801283, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853801283, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390357958082790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853799571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854467826, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=138, endPage=149, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390365486854727, articleId=1245390365138727486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Vibration suppression of beams supported by finite-depth foundation based on modified Winkler model, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The elastic foundation typically exerts a suppressive effect on the vibration response of the supported structure, and the influence of the soil-structure interaction effect on the dynamic characteristics of the structure exhibits typical nonlinear energy sink characteristics. At present, more and more attention has been paid to the dynamic research of elastic foundation beams considering soil motion. Based on the modified Winkler model, the finite-depth elastic foundation is equivalent to the additional mass of the nonlinear energy sink system, and the vibration suppression effect and parameter optimization of the elastic foundation on the finite-length beam supported by it under simple harmonic excitation is conducted. The nonlinear dynamic response of a simply supported beam on an elastic foundation is analyzed using the Galerkin method, the incremental harmonic balance method, and the arc-length continuation method. Furthermore, on the basis of verifying the correctness of the theoretical results by numerical methods, through multi-parameter optimization and analysis, the suppression effect of limited range soil on the dynamic response of its supporting beam is revealed, and the optimal parameter range of nonlinear stiffness and damping of the elastic foundation is proved. The results show that by adjusting the elastic soil parameters to the optimal range by technical means, the amplitude reduction percentage of the finite-length beam can reach more than 96%, and it has a wide vibration suppression frequency band.

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弹性地基对其支承结构的振动通常具有抑制作用,其中的土-结构相互作用效应对结构物动力学特性的影响具有非线性能量汇的典型特征。基于修正Winkler模型将有限深度弹性地基等效为非线性能量汇系统的附加质量,开展了简谐激励下弹性地基对其支承有限长梁的振动抑制效果分析和参数优化研究。采用Galerkin方法离散控制方程,应用增量谐波平衡法和弧长延拓法分析了弹性地基上简支梁的非线性动力响应。利用数值方法验证理论结果正确性,进而通过参数分析和多参数优化,揭示了有限范围地基对其支承梁动力响应的抑制效果,探明了弹性地基非线性刚度和阻尼的最佳参数范围。结果表明,通过工程技术手段将土体参数调整到最佳范围后,可实现有限长梁振幅衰减率达96%以上,且具有较宽的减振频带。

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马建军(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事土-结构相互作用的动力学研究。E-mail:

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马建军(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事土-结构相互作用的动力学研究。E-mail:

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马建军(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事土-结构相互作用的动力学研究。E-mail:

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label=Fig. 13, caption=Variation of the 3rd-order maximum amplitude of the beam with a mass of 0.1 as a function of noulinear stiffness k and damping c2, figureFileSmall=gDb0qOLHncLC5WRu7kP69w==, figureFileBig=avXtOB5okrzHIWuP+8hm+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390401192964673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365138727486, language=CN, label=图13, caption=质量比为0.1时梁的3阶最大幅值随非线性刚度k和阻尼c2的变化, figureFileSmall=gDb0qOLHncLC5WRu7kP69w==, figureFileBig=avXtOB5okrzHIWuP+8hm+w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390401260073539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365138727486, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Physical parameters of the beam

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符号物理意义数值单位
L梁的长度6.096m
b梁的宽度0.610m
h梁的高度0.305m
ρ梁的体密度2.403×103kg/m3
E梁的弹性模量2.482×104MPa
ρs单位长度梁下单位深度弹性地基质量1.037×103kg/m2
), ArticleFig(id=1245390401343959624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365138727486, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

梁的物理参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
符号物理意义数值单位
L梁的长度6.096m
b梁的宽度0.610m
h梁的高度0.305m
ρ梁的体密度2.403×103kg/m3
E梁的弹性模量2.482×104MPa
ρs单位长度梁下单位深度弹性地基质量1.037×103kg/m2
), ArticleFig(id=1245390401406874184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390365138727486, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The 1st-order resonance under different F

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Fωnf1R/%
0.0049.339.8794.02
0.0409.349.8794.84
0.4008.609.87-4.02
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外激励幅值对第1阶共振峰值的影响

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Fωnf1R/%
0.0049.339.8794.02
0.0409.349.8794.84
0.4008.609.87-4.02
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Optimal parameters for each mass ratio

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εc2kAn(×10-3)R/%
0.10.19.8×1051.7196.62
0.20.29.9×1052.1495.78
0.31.91.0×1062.6194.85
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各质量比下的最优参数

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εc2kAn(×10-3)R/%
0.10.19.8×1051.7196.62
0.20.29.9×1052.1495.78
0.31.91.0×1062.6194.85
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基于修正Winkler模型的有限深度地基支承梁振动抑制
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马建军 1, 2 , 刘宗通 1 , 王超圣 1, 2 , 刘丰军 1 , 李达 1, 2 , 高笑娟 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(6): 138-149
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(6): 138-149
基于修正Winkler模型的有限深度地基支承梁振动抑制
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马建军1, 2 , 刘宗通1, 王超圣1, 2, 刘丰军1, 李达1, 2, 高笑娟1
作者信息
  • 1.河南科技大学 土木建筑学院,河南 洛阳 471023
  • 2.河南省建筑安全与防护工程技术研究中心,河南 洛阳 471023
  • 马建军(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事土-结构相互作用的动力学研究。E-mail:

Vibration suppression of beams supported by finite-depth foundation based on modified Winkler model
Jianjun MA1, 2 , Zongtong LIU1, Chaosheng WANG1, 2, Fengjun LIU1, Da LI1, 2, Xiaojuan GAO1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471023, China
  • 2.Engineering Technology Research Center of Safety and Protection of Buildings of Henan Province, Luoyang 471023, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0613
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弹性地基对其支承结构的振动通常具有抑制作用,其中的土-结构相互作用效应对结构物动力学特性的影响具有非线性能量汇的典型特征。基于修正Winkler模型将有限深度弹性地基等效为非线性能量汇系统的附加质量,开展了简谐激励下弹性地基对其支承有限长梁的振动抑制效果分析和参数优化研究。采用Galerkin方法离散控制方程,应用增量谐波平衡法和弧长延拓法分析了弹性地基上简支梁的非线性动力响应。利用数值方法验证理论结果正确性,进而通过参数分析和多参数优化,揭示了有限范围地基对其支承梁动力响应的抑制效果,探明了弹性地基非线性刚度和阻尼的最佳参数范围。结果表明,通过工程技术手段将土体参数调整到最佳范围后,可实现有限长梁振幅衰减率达96%以上,且具有较宽的减振频带。

修正Winkler模型  /  有限长梁  /  非线性能量汇  /  多参数优化  /  振动抑制

The elastic foundation typically exerts a suppressive effect on the vibration response of the supported structure, and the influence of the soil-structure interaction effect on the dynamic characteristics of the structure exhibits typical nonlinear energy sink characteristics. At present, more and more attention has been paid to the dynamic research of elastic foundation beams considering soil motion. Based on the modified Winkler model, the finite-depth elastic foundation is equivalent to the additional mass of the nonlinear energy sink system, and the vibration suppression effect and parameter optimization of the elastic foundation on the finite-length beam supported by it under simple harmonic excitation is conducted. The nonlinear dynamic response of a simply supported beam on an elastic foundation is analyzed using the Galerkin method, the incremental harmonic balance method, and the arc-length continuation method. Furthermore, on the basis of verifying the correctness of the theoretical results by numerical methods, through multi-parameter optimization and analysis, the suppression effect of limited range soil on the dynamic response of its supporting beam is revealed, and the optimal parameter range of nonlinear stiffness and damping of the elastic foundation is proved. The results show that by adjusting the elastic soil parameters to the optimal range by technical means, the amplitude reduction percentage of the finite-length beam can reach more than 96%, and it has a wide vibration suppression frequency band.

modified Winkler model  /  finite-length beam  /  nonlinear energy sink  /  multi-parameter optimization  /  vibration suppression
马建军, 刘宗通, 王超圣, 刘丰军, 李达, 高笑娟. 基于修正Winkler模型的有限深度地基支承梁振动抑制. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (6) : 138 -149 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0613
Jianjun MA, Zongtong LIU, Chaosheng WANG, Fengjun LIU, Da LI, Xiaojuan GAO. Vibration suppression of beams supported by finite-depth foundation based on modified Winkler model[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (6) : 138 -149 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0613
工程领域存在各种振动现象,这些振动通常不利于结构的正常使用和安全运维[1-4]。以土建领域为例,由于动荷载、环境激励或地震作用,各类工程结构可能出现大幅振动,将影响结构物正常使用的安全性[5]。近年来,工程结构的振动控制受到广大学者的关注,研究发现结构的地震响应与地基特性有关,土-结构相互作用效应使结构的振动能量传递到地基中并耗散[6]
弹性地基梁的动力学研究对揭示土-结构相互作用效应有重要理论意义,且为便于分析可将弹性地基理想化为Winkler模型[7-8]。近年来,考虑土体运动的弹性地基梁动力学研究日益受到重视,研究揭示出土体运动能显著改变其支承梁的动力学特性[9-10]。已有研究并未将土体运动引入到其支承梁的振动控制中,导致量化评价或从力学原理上阐明土-结构相互作用效应尚较困难。随研究的深入,基于修正的Winkler模型,可将考虑土-结构相互作用效应梁的动力学模型简化为由一系列非线性弹簧和阻尼元件连接的梁-小质量土体耦合系统[11]
已有研究表明,非线性能量汇(nonlinear energy sink,NES)在结构振动控制中具有显著优势,其通过能量靶向传递能高效吸收结构的振动能量[12-13],且已被广泛应用于土木、机械和航空航天等工程领域[14-15]。在梁的振动控制方面,高志通等[16]分析了惯容型NES对简支梁横向振动的振动控制效果。ZANG等[17]提出了一种由杠杆型非线性能量汇和放置在不对称两端的垂直线性弹簧支撑的连续黏弹性梁模型。ZENG等[18]构造了一种能够降低非线性能量汇能量阈值的双稳态非线性能量汇。MOSLEMI等[19]研究了与非线性能量汇耦合的简支轴向移动梁的受迫振动与动力稳定性。赵雨皓等[20]建立了具有NES的弹性边界约束轴向载荷梁分析模型。在非线性能量汇研究方面,范舒铜等[21]提出了一种新型黏弹性材料NES,并分析了参数的最佳取值。DANG等[22-23]提出了一种由不对称双线性元件实现的单向能量转换器型NES和一种具有可调性并能够大幅降低传输率的双级惯性增强型NES。SUI等[24]研究了惯性接地刚度的组合结构对非线性能量汇响应机制和阻尼效应的影响,得到了发生强调制响应的充要条件。在非线性能量汇工程应用方面,乔云龙等[25]将黏滞阻尼器应用于高层钢结构并分析了其减震效果,何浩祥等[26]研发了具有可恢复性的阻尼器。
从简化理论模型构成角度看,基于修正Winkler理论的弹性地基上有限长梁振动模型与NES极具相似性。显然,土-结构相互作用效应对结构物动力响应的影响可能具有非线性能量汇的典型特征,基于修正Winkler理论探讨弹性地基上梁非线性能量汇减振具有可行性和合理性。基于此,可尝试将非线性能量汇理论引入到土-结构耦合系统的振动抑制分析,并从原理上阐明土-结构相互作用效应的生效机制。因此,本研究拟将非线性能量汇理论拓展到弹性地基支承有限长梁的振动控制,以期阐明通过有限范围地基参数优化实现其支承结构振动抑制的效果。
本文拟利用修正的Winkler模型,将有限深度弹性地基等效为一系列相互独立的NES附加质量,通过非线性弹簧和阻尼与Euler-Bernoulli梁连接,建立含非线性能量汇的有限长梁动力学模型。利用Galerkin方法,采用增量谐波平衡法和弧长延拓法求解土-结构耦合系统的动力响应,分析周期解的稳定性。进而,利用龙格库塔法验证理论解的正确性,通过参数分析和多参数优化得到弹性地基的最佳参数范围,实现弹性地基上有限长梁振动的有效抑制。
本文以弹性地基支承的有限长度简支梁为研究对象。如图1所示,模型中H为弹性地基深度,其满足使耦合系统的质量比远小于1;Lbh分别为有限长梁的长、宽、高;以未变形梁端为原点O,梁中轴线为x轴建立平面直角坐标系O-xy
仅考虑梁的横向位移,基于修正的Winkler模型将弹性地基-有限长梁耦合系统的动力学模型简化为由一系列非线性弹簧和阻尼元件连接的梁-小质量土体耦合系统。利用Euler-Bernoulli梁理论和梁的运动方程,可得:
其中:Fcos ωt为外激励;F为幅值;ω为频率;vxt)为梁的横向位移;uxt)为NES的位移;m1 =ρA为单位长度梁的质量;ρs为单位长度梁下单位深度土体质量;c1为单位长度梁的黏滞阻尼系数;c2为NES的阻尼系数;EI分别为梁的弹性模量和惯性矩;“•”与“′”分别为对变量tx求导。
引入无量纲参数:
将式(2)代入式(1),可得:
其中,已忽略顶标。
以梁端为简支约束为例,利用Galerkin方法[27],设解的形式为
式中:ϕix)= sin(iπx);ϕjx)= sin(jπx)。
将式(4)代入式(3),可得:
由于梁端位移幅值相同且为0,故只求中间点的振动响应,即x = 0.5。图2给出了梁的前6阶模态构型。在2、4、6阶时,位移幅值为0,因此,图2中前6阶仅给出1、3、5阶φjx)的值。经计算可知,第1、3、5阶固有频率分别为f1 = 9.8696,f3 = 88.8264,f5 = 246.7401。
图3给出了不同Galerkin截断阶数下梁的动力响应,计算中的各参数分别取为c1 = 0.08,c2 = 2,k = 1000,ε = 0.3,F = 0.04。由图3可知,第3阶和第5阶Galerkin截断的结果几乎一致,而1阶Galerkin截断的结果不能显示第3阶固有频率处的共振峰。第3阶Galerkin截断的结果不能显示第5阶固有频率处的共振峰。第5阶固有频率处的共振峰值相对于第1阶共振峰值比较小。因此,本文取3阶Galerkin截断。
N = 3,对于系统的强制响应可在等式的右侧添加激励项,则式(5)可表示为
以式(5)中N=1为例,对增量谐波平衡法(incremental harmonic balance,IHB)进行说明。
引入新的时间尺度,即
则式(5)写为
定义系统在激励幅值为F0、激励频率为ω0时的振动状态为xi0i=1,2,则其临近状态可表示为
式中ΔxiΔfΔω都表示微小增量。将式(9)代入式(8),忽略高阶小量,得
进而,经推导可得迭代方程为
在求解时,需先给出一组猜测解A,进而根据式(11)求得余量R,若R小于设定的容许值,则给ω一个增量,得
然后,进入下一迭代,若R大于容许值,则执行以下迭代过程:
直到余量R达到容许值内。
仍以式(5)中N=1为例,阐明弧长延拓法。
首先基于谐波平衡思想展开式(5),将响应qvqu均表示为傅里叶级数展开形式,如式(14)、式(15)所示:
式中k为分析中要取到的最高谐波展开阶数,将傅里叶级数展开式(14)代入式(15)中,代数方程组(5)可表示为GPQω)= 0的形式,其中无量纲频率ω为参数变量。
式中,谐波系数与非线性力谐波系数的关系见附录A。
总体而言,求解步骤为
步骤1:由给定的初始值沿解曲线弧长方向给出预测值(此处初始值可由增量谐波平衡法得出)
式中,单位切向量V=[(-1)m+1det(D(-m)] TD(-m为增广矩阵删去第m列后的矩阵,增广矩阵D= [JG/∂ω],其中J为雅克比矩阵,J的求解见附录A。
步骤2:校正预测值(PωP,利用牛顿-拉夫逊迭代,得
直至满足精度要求,本文设Δ小于10-10时满足精度条件。
步骤3:重复步骤1和步骤2对解曲线进行全局追踪,增量长度Δs的大小选择取决于解曲线的曲率,曲率越大,增量长度越小。本文采用如下方法对增量长度进行预测:Δsm+1=ΔsmNd/Im,其中Δsm为上一步的增量长度,Im为上一步校正过程的迭代次数,Nd为所需的迭代次数,在进行求解时需先设定NdΔsΔ
采用Floquet理论分析系统的稳定性。
取微小增量
将式(19)代入式(5),消去q0Δq的高阶项,可得:
式中,
式(21)也可表示为
式中,
一定存在矩阵Y,使得
Y称为Floquet转移矩阵,当Y的所有特征值的模都小于1时,系统的周期解是稳定的;当Y的所有特征值的模至少有一个大于等于1,系统的解不稳定。
Floquet转移矩阵可采用FRIEDMANN等[28]提出的方法求得:
式中,可n取10,l取1000,求得Y,进而求得转移矩阵Y的所有特征值的模,根据模的大小判断平衡点处的稳定性。
根据参考文献[29],表1给出了数值计算所需的物理参数。
取式(14)中的截断阶数K= 2,即式(14)中k= 1,3,牛顿-拉夫逊迭代过程的精度要求为Δ <10-10,式(25)的Taylor展开级数n取10,周期划分段数l设为1000,设周期解的响应幅值为
结果显示Av1Av3,仅考虑Av1,参数为k=4×105c1 = 0.08,c2 = 0.10,F=0.04,ε=0.10,以梁响应为例,对比4阶龙格库塔法与增量谐波平衡法和弧长延拓法得出的结果,并分析结果的稳定性。图4给出了数值计算结果的对比。由图4可知,增量谐波平衡法与龙格库塔法的结果吻合。
为表述弹性地基对其支承有限长梁振动的抑制作用,设含NES有限长梁响应的最大幅值为An,不考虑NES梁的最大响应幅值为Au,振幅衰减率为R = (Au - An)/Au × 100%。
图5表2分别给出了外激励幅值对有限长梁第1阶响应幅值的影响。由图5表2可知,激励幅值对非线性能量汇的减振效果有一定影响。对于第1阶共振,外激励幅值的变化对振幅衰减率有显著的影响,外激励幅值从F = 0.004增大到F= 0.040,振幅衰减率增大了0.82%。当外激励幅值增大到F = 0.400时,带有非线性能量汇梁的共振幅值,大于不考虑非线性能量汇梁的共振幅值,显然非线性能量汇并没有起到减振作用。外激励幅值较大时,可能导致能量传递的改变,使得梁的某些局部部位的振动幅值增加。分析带非线性能量汇梁的幅频响应可知,外激励幅值越大,共振幅值对应的频率ωn越小。
本节系统参数为c1 = 0.08,c2 = 0.10,ε = 0.10,F = 0.04。图6给出了k=1×104时系统的幅频响应曲线。由图6可知,当非线性刚度较小时,系统响应在整个频域上都是周期稳定的。而随着非线性刚度的增大,系统动力学特性变得更加复杂,幅频曲线出现分岔现象,存在稳定分支和不稳定分支,并且表现出非线性系统特有的跳跃和滞后现象。
图7给出了k=6×105时系统的响应曲线。动力学发生显著变化,系统表现出2个稳定分支和一个不稳定分支,并存在跳跃与滞后现象,说明系统可能存在鞍结分岔。由图7(a)可知,当非线性刚度k取6×105时,梁的共振幅值在ω=10.98处的一组周期解分支上有最大值0.0023,远小于无NES时梁的振动幅值,梁系统在幅值较小处还有另外两组解。图7(b)给出了4阶龙格库塔法求解得到响应的时程曲线,此时初值全都设为0。由图7(b)可知,梁的响应为调制响应,响应在幅值较小的稳定周期解附近摆动,振动幅值为0.0018,此时振动抑制效果很好。表明当出现分岔时,响应机制也从周期性变为调制响应,导致共振峰显著降低。
图8给出了非线性刚度k取106时的幅频响应。系统表现出3个不稳定分支和5个稳定分支,系统动力学更加复杂。此时,幅频响应曲线出现不连续和跳跃现象,并在ω=5.20到ω=8.27段同时存在2个稳定周期解。梁的共振幅值在ω=9.36处有一组稳定周期解,一组不稳定周期解,不稳定周期解达到最大值0.0440,略小于无NES时梁的振动幅值,而稳定周期解为0.0039。在共振峰附近,出现了不希望的周期性响应,减振性能恶化。
图9给出了k=107时系统的响应曲线。非线性刚度增大到107时,系统出现尖锐的、不希望出现的共振峰值。由图9可知,峰值点附近几乎全部为不稳定周期解,在ω=9.37处达到峰值0.052 5,此时峰值已经大于无NES的情况,出现了振动放大效应。
由此可知,当非线性刚度增大到一定程度时,NES并不能起到减振作用,会出现不希望的不稳定周期响应共振峰,因此要通过设计合理的非线性刚度避免这一现象,提高NES减振性能。
研究不同质量比下非线性刚度k与阻尼c2同时变化对第1阶、第3阶共振峰的振动抑制效果,寻求最优参数取值范围。系统参数为c1=0.08,F=0.04,系统的振动抑制效果变化趋势如图10图11图12表3图13所示。
图10~图12分别给出了参数对1阶共振峰的影响。由图10可知,质量比为0.1时,当非线性刚度较小时,随着阻尼的变化,幅值有最低点且存在最优阻尼。随非线性刚度增大,改变阻尼,幅值持续减小,最优阻尼为0.1。当非线性刚度增大到一定程度,阻尼的变化使得幅频曲线出现跳跃等复杂动力学特性,如图10(a)所示。
质量比为0.2时,由图11可知,也是当非线性刚度较小时,存在“山谷”,即存在最优阻尼。随非线性刚度增大,部分区域出现曲率更大的幅值降低,这是由于幅频曲线出现了跳跃等现象。
质量比为0.3时,由图12可知,整个参数范围内,都存在“山谷”,存在最优阻尼。在阻尼较小时,非线性刚度对振动幅值的影响明显。随阻尼增大,非线性刚度对振动幅值的影响逐渐减弱。而且当阻尼增大到一定程度,非线性刚度变化对振动幅值影响微弱。
表3给出了各质量比下的最优参数。由表3可知,在相同的参数范围内,随着质量比的增大,最佳取值范围对应的非线性刚度和阻尼均增大,而振幅衰减率减小,但均已达到优良的减振效果。由可知,ε实质上是H的函数,由表1可得ε=2.320H,当ε=0.1时,振幅衰减率达到96.62%,此时H=0.043 m。因此弹性地基有限深度取0.043 m,能满足前文质量比远小于1的假设。当质量比为0.1、0.2时,最优参数对应的幅频曲线均为不连续曲线,存在振幅跳跃现象。
图13给出了质量比为0.1时梁的3阶最大幅值随非线性刚度k和阻尼c2的变化曲线。由图13可知,在质量比为0.1时,随阻尼增大,幅值先减小再增大,存在最优阻尼。而随非线性刚度增大,在从1.3×108增大到1.4×108时,会出现较大的幅值降低,三维曲线出现断崖式的下降。这是由于非线性项的影响,使得系统突然失去共振状态,振幅急剧下降。最优参数为c2=8.2,k=109,此时振幅衰减率为99.81%,达到了非常好的振动抑制效果。
对最优参数进行有量纲值转换,可得1阶c2为0.340 kN•s•m-2k为6.836×108 N•m-4,3阶c2为27.913 kN•s•m-2k为6.976×1011 N•m-4。同时根据参考文献[30],土体阻尼系数在0~420 kN•s•m-2,刚度系数在1.0×103~4.6×103 kN•m-2可知,最佳参数中的c2均在合理范围内。
从建模理论出发,将土-结构相互作用效应与非线性能量汇理论结合,将弹性地基上有限长梁系统简化为由一系列非线性弹簧和阻尼元件连接的梁-小质量土体耦合系统。利用增量谐波平衡法和弧长延拓法分析了有限长梁的非线性动力学行为,揭示了非线性刚度增大引起的有限长梁复杂动力响应,求得了弹性地基的最佳参数范围,实现了弹性地基支承梁振动的有效抑制,并得到如下主要结论:
1)随外激励幅值增大,系统减振效果增强,但增大到一定程度后,NES不再具有减振性能,反而起到放大振动的效果。
2)在相同参数范围内,对于1阶共振,随质量比增加,最优参数的振幅衰减率减小,1阶最大振幅衰减率为96.62%;对于3阶共振,在质量比为0.1时,最优参数的振幅衰减率达到99.81%。
3)NES具有高效的减振效果,优化参数后的NES能实现有限长梁的最优振动控制,且具有较宽的减振频带。
本文通过振幅衰减率的变化阐述了弹性地基对其支承有限长梁动力响应的有益影响,为土-结构相互作用效应的量化评估提供了技术路径,也为通过优化土体参数实现结构减振提供了一定的理论基础。但在特定参数情况下,系统响应中存在对振动控制不利的不稳定周期解分支,甚至可能出现共振放大效应。因此,有必要从非线性动力学的角度进一步阐述弹性地基对其支承梁动力学特性影响的研究,同时通过讨论地基的非线性性质,有助于更好地理解和优化地基梁减振设计。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(11502072)
  • 河南省重点研发与推广专项-科技攻关项目(222102320462)
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2024年第44卷第6期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0613
  • 接收时间:2023-08-06
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-06
  • 修回日期:2023-09-13
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(11502072)
河南省重点研发与推广专项-科技攻关项目(222102320462)
作者信息
    1.河南科技大学 土木建筑学院,河南 洛阳 471023
    2.河南省建筑安全与防护工程技术研究中心,河南 洛阳 471023
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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