Article(id=1245390363473588771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0615, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1709913600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-09, revisedDate=1712073600000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853800886, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853800886, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853800886, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853800886, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390357958082790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853799571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854467826, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=161, endPage=172, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390363767190052, articleId=1245390363473588771, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Analysis and monitoring of subway-induced vibration on a surrounding building, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To study the vibration influence of urban rail transit on buildings along the line, a frame-shear wall structure near a subway was selected as the research object. Under the excitation of rail transit vehicles, vibration monitoring of typical buildings was carried out at the foundation, along the height direction and the horizontal direction of the building, and the evaluation criteria such as 1/3 octave plumb vibration acceleration level, peak acceleration, and plumb fourth power vibration dose value were used for the analysis. The research results indicate that when the structure is 55 meters away from the inner contour of the tunnel, significant subway-induced vibration can still be detected inside the structure, and the relevant evaluation values may exceed the regulatory limits. In addition, the existing regulations do not specify the selection criteria for subway vibration, and the evaluation quantities determined by different value methods may seriously underestimate the impact of subway-induced vibration. Along the height direction of the structure, the vertical vibration response of the measurement points from the first underground level to the third above ground level did not significantly decrease, and there may be amplification at the top. The vertical vibration at the center of the floor slab is significantly amplified compared to the edge of the floor slab. The plumb fourth power vibration dose value at the center of the slab can reach 345% of that at the corner of the slab, and the corresponding maximum vertical vibration acceleration level can increase by 12.9 dB.

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为研究城市轨道交通振动对沿线建筑的振动影响,选取某临近地铁线的在建框架剪力墙结构为研究对象。进行了轨道交通车致激励下,建筑在基础处、沿着高度方向和沿着楼层水平方向的振动监测,并以1/3倍频程铅垂向振级加速度级、竖向四次方振动剂量值等评价标准进行了分析。研究结果表明:结构距离隧道内侧轮廓55 m时,结构内仍能监测到明显的轨道交通车致振动,且相关评价量值可能超过规范限值;此外,现有规范未明确地铁振动的选取依据,按照不同取值方法确定的评价量值可能严重低估轨道交通振动的影响;沿结构高度方向,地下1层至地上3层测点的竖向振动响应未明显降低,并且在顶部出现放大;楼板中心处的竖向振动相对于楼板边缘处存在明显的放大,板中心处的竖向四次方振动剂量值可达板边处的345%,对应的竖向振动加速度级最大值可增大12.9 dB。

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柏文(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:
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俞翔(1977—),男,高级工程师,主要从事轨道交通场站综合开发技术应用研究。E-mail:

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俞翔(1977—),男,高级工程师,主要从事轨道交通场站综合开发技术应用研究。E-mail:

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俞翔(1977—),男,高级工程师,主要从事轨道交通场站综合开发技术应用研究。E-mail:

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Prediction of the influence of the proposed Beijing metro line 16 on a precise instrument of Peking University[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2014, 34(6): 19-25. 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vibration time series and their Fourier spectra for measuring points 1, 3, 4, figureFileSmall=V2xkKi8BT6Q6ymtGbWeqyQ==, figureFileBig=cqeiUqsJSXIC3pnXgHajSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390389398581366, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390363473588771, language=CN, label=图10, caption=测定1、3、4处典型振动时程及其傅里叶谱, figureFileSmall=V2xkKi8BT6Q6ymtGbWeqyQ==, figureFileBig=cqeiUqsJSXIC3pnXgHajSw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390389704765567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390363473588771, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=1/3 octave plumb vibration acceleration level of measuring points along the horizontal direction, figureFileSmall=lSYtoSQjnBVVJ6pIC/9vXg==, figureFileBig=S3t/9TedydDyH00GK2LG5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390390006755462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390363473588771, language=CN, label=图11, caption=沿水平方向各测点的1/3倍频程振动加速度级, figureFileSmall=lSYtoSQjnBVVJ6pIC/9vXg==, figureFileBig=S3t/9TedydDyH00GK2LG5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390390346494093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390363473588771, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Limit of 1/3 octave plumb vibration acceleration level in residential building interiors during daytime(limit level 2)

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1/3倍频程中心频率/Hz1.01.251.62.02.53.154.05.06.38.0
加速度级限值/dB81818180797775757575
1/3倍频程中心频率/Hz10.012.516.020.025.031.540.050.063.080.0
加速度级限值/dB75767779818385879093
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住宅建筑室内昼间各1/3倍频程铅垂向振动加速度级限值(限值等级二级)

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1/3倍频程中心频率/Hz1.01.251.62.02.53.154.05.06.38.0
加速度级限值/dB81818180797775757575
1/3倍频程中心频率/Hz10.012.516.020.025.031.540.050.063.080.0
加速度级限值/dB75767779818385879093
), ArticleFig(id=1245390390845616284, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390363473588771, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Average results of VALZmax and peak acceleration at measurement points B2~F3

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层加速度峰值/(m/s2振动加速度级最大值/dB
近侧隧道远侧隧道近侧隧道远侧隧道
F30.036 50.021 082.077.4
F20.028 30.015 279.274.7
F10.019 50.013 677.172.0
B10.017 70.013 275.270.8
B20.083 40.050 085.181.7
), ArticleFig(id=1245390391025971361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390363473588771, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

测点B2~F3处车致振动响应的加速度峰值与振动加速度级最大值的平均结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
楼层加速度峰值/(m/s2振动加速度级最大值/dB
近侧隧道远侧隧道近侧隧道远侧隧道
F30.036 50.021 082.077.4
F20.028 30.015 279.274.7
F10.019 50.013 677.172.0
B10.017 70.013 275.270.8
B20.083 40.050 085.181.7
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地铁运行振动对周边建筑影响监测及分析
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俞翔 1 , 张启迪 2, 3 , 柏文 2, 3 , 邵志鹏 2, 3 , 戴君武 2, 3 , 俞涵 4 , 周以勒 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(6): 161-172
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(6): 161-172
地铁运行振动对周边建筑影响监测及分析
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俞翔1 , 张启迪2, 3, 柏文2, 3 , 邵志鹏2, 3, 戴君武2, 3, 俞涵4, 周以勒1
作者信息
  • 1.宁波市轨道交通物产置业有限公司,浙江 宁波 315000
  • 2.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 3.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 4.宁波市房屋建筑设计院有限公司,浙江 宁波 315012
  • 俞翔(1977—),男,高级工程师,主要从事轨道交通场站综合开发技术应用研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

柏文(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:
Analysis and monitoring of subway-induced vibration on a surrounding building
Xiang YU1 , Qidi ZHANG2, 3, Wen BAI2, 3 , Zhipeng SHAO2, 3, Junwu DAI2, 3, Han YU4, Yile ZHOU1
Affiliations
  • 1.Ningbo Rail Transit Property Company Limited, Ningbo 315000, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China
  • 4.Architectural Design & Research Institute of Ningbo Housing Co., Ltd., Ningbo 315012, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0615
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为研究城市轨道交通振动对沿线建筑的振动影响,选取某临近地铁线的在建框架剪力墙结构为研究对象。进行了轨道交通车致激励下,建筑在基础处、沿着高度方向和沿着楼层水平方向的振动监测,并以1/3倍频程铅垂向振级加速度级、竖向四次方振动剂量值等评价标准进行了分析。研究结果表明:结构距离隧道内侧轮廓55 m时,结构内仍能监测到明显的轨道交通车致振动,且相关评价量值可能超过规范限值;此外,现有规范未明确地铁振动的选取依据,按照不同取值方法确定的评价量值可能严重低估轨道交通振动的影响;沿结构高度方向,地下1层至地上3层测点的竖向振动响应未明显降低,并且在顶部出现放大;楼板中心处的竖向振动相对于楼板边缘处存在明显的放大,板中心处的竖向四次方振动剂量值可达板边处的345%,对应的竖向振动加速度级最大值可增大12.9 dB。

车致振动  /  结构  /  楼板  /  振动放大  /  振动加速度级

To study the vibration influence of urban rail transit on buildings along the line, a frame-shear wall structure near a subway was selected as the research object. Under the excitation of rail transit vehicles, vibration monitoring of typical buildings was carried out at the foundation, along the height direction and the horizontal direction of the building, and the evaluation criteria such as 1/3 octave plumb vibration acceleration level, peak acceleration, and plumb fourth power vibration dose value were used for the analysis. The research results indicate that when the structure is 55 meters away from the inner contour of the tunnel, significant subway-induced vibration can still be detected inside the structure, and the relevant evaluation values may exceed the regulatory limits. In addition, the existing regulations do not specify the selection criteria for subway vibration, and the evaluation quantities determined by different value methods may seriously underestimate the impact of subway-induced vibration. Along the height direction of the structure, the vertical vibration response of the measurement points from the first underground level to the third above ground level did not significantly decrease, and there may be amplification at the top. The vertical vibration at the center of the floor slab is significantly amplified compared to the edge of the floor slab. The plumb fourth power vibration dose value at the center of the slab can reach 345% of that at the corner of the slab, and the corresponding maximum vertical vibration acceleration level can increase by 12.9 dB.

subway-induced vibration  /  structure  /  slab  /  vibration amplification  /  vibration acceleration level
俞翔, 张启迪, 柏文, 邵志鹏, 戴君武, 俞涵, 周以勒. 地铁运行振动对周边建筑影响监测及分析. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (6) : 161 -172 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0615
Xiang YU, Qidi ZHANG, Wen BAI, Zhipeng SHAO, Junwu DAI, Han YU, Yile ZHOU. Analysis and monitoring of subway-induced vibration on a surrounding building[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (6) : 161 -172 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0615
随着城市经济的发展,地铁逐渐成为城市中不可或缺的交通工具。截至2022年12月31日,中国内地地铁运营线路总长度达8 008.17 km。其中北京市地铁线路总里程868.37 km;上海市地铁线路总里程936.17 km;成都市、广州市、深圳市、杭州市和武汉市地铁线路总里程超过500 km[1],同时地铁轨道交通引起的结构和地面振动是城市交通规划中的一个重要问题,由其进一步引发的周边建筑物振动以及相应的振动控制和减振措施,在规划和设计的最初阶段以及使用过程中都应加以考虑[2-6]
轨道交通运行致建筑振动响应分析,受到建筑与隧道线路距离、建筑与隧道线路相对方位、建筑结构形式、建筑构件尺寸和建筑与线路间土体类型等多种因素的影响,使得车致振动响应的规律相对复杂,目前国内外学者主要是通过有限元分析以及现场原位振动监测的方式来研究车致振动响应规律。马龙祥等[7]应用薄片有限元-无限元耦合模型对隧道基底、隧道壁及地表在垂直于线路的水平方向、铅垂方向及线路纵向3个方向上的车致振动响应进行分析及比较。孙成龙等[8]建立了车辆-轨道-隧道及大地-房建结构空间耦合动力学仿真模型,分析了隧道埋深、建筑高度、楼板厚度和车辆运行速度等参数对建筑物振动特性和振动衰减的影响规律。刘健美等[9]建立了普速及高速地铁列车的车-轮-轨二维有限元模型,通过有限元法研究了地铁列车的竖向振动强度受地铁运行速度的影响。
数值理论计算便于针对不同工况进行规律性的系统分析,黄强等[10]通过基于轨道-隧道-地基二维耦合模型推导的二维耦合数值模型在移动简谐荷载作用下的位移响应解答,研究了浮置板轨道参数敏感性这一问题。考虑到隧道线路沿线土体与枕轨、实际建筑结构均具有较强的复杂性,非结构构件种类及其连接方式多种多样,同时数值仿真模型建立时也进行了很多简化,例如列车与枕轨间的耦合近似、传播路径的近似处理[11-14],使得数值仿真的模型并不能完全代表真实情况。
通过对真实的建筑结构进行原位振动监测,建立车致振动数据库的同时也能为建筑车致振动响应的分布以及传播规律提供数据支撑,用来验证轨道交通车致振动领域的理论研究成果,来优化地铁沿线、地铁上盖建筑车致振动方面的数值仿真模型。邹超等[15]对广州地铁3号线厦滘车辆段咽喉区直、曲线段进行了原位振动监测,结果表明,咽喉区直线段在轨道35 m范围内,地面竖向振动加速度级为72~95 dB,略大于水平振动加速度级62~95 dB;咽喉区曲线段在轨道25 m范围内,地面竖向振动加速度级为70~98 dB,略小于水平振动加速度级80~98 dB,同时咽喉区列车运行引发的振动传递到临近建筑物时主要频率成分为4~60 Hz。盛涛等[16]在上海市某软土场地对地铁隧道诱发的三向环境振动进行了监测,研究表明,经隧道结构-土层-建筑墙体的3层滤波效应后,竖向振动传递至楼板后其频率成分单一,对室内舒适度影响很大,其1/3倍频程铅垂向振动加速度级的峰值位于楼板的竖向自振频率处,是影响室内舒适度的决定性因素。左汉文等[17]对某栋地铁下穿体育场馆建筑进行了原位振动监测,研究表明,体育馆顶层处的振动速度幅值相较于室外地面处放大了5.27倍。周颖等[18]以上盖钢框架结构和钢筋混凝土框架结构为研究对象,进行了轨道车致激励下的原位振动监测,结果表明钢结构上部较钢筋混凝土结构上部车致振动响应大,建议在上盖钢结构中上部楼层中加厚楼板厚度以提高楼层舒适度。TAO等[19]指出,高层钢筋混凝土剪力墙结构由于其承重墙在沿结构高度方向上连续排列,会使得车致振动沿着竖向传播更高效,振动放大现象显著。
目前对于建筑受轨道交通振动影响的研究中,对于列车在上下行隧道内行经时对建筑造成的影响差异的研究尚不够充分。GB/T 50355—2018《住宅建筑室内振动限值及其测量方法标准》[20]和JGJ/T 170—2009《城市轨道交通引起建筑物振动与二次幅射噪声限值及其测量方法标准》[21]尚未明确列车在上下行隧道内运行时,如何合理的选取振动事件进行轨道交通车致振动评价。文中采用现场原位监测的方法,对某小区中一栋在建的高层剪力墙结构建筑进行了车致振动响应的时频域分析与传播规律分析,并对如何选取列车在上下行隧道内运行引起的车致振动信号给出了建议。为地铁沿线建筑规划设计、地铁振动控制等提供数据支撑。
研究的在建高层剪力墙住宅建筑基础形式为桩基础,桩长22 m;地下2层,埋深7 m;地上拟建16层,已建造3层,每层层高为2.95 m,地下室2层层高为4 m。所选的目标建筑与地铁隧道壁的最短水平投影距离约为40 m,最大水平投影距离约为60 m,地铁隧道直径约为5 m,2条地铁隧道壁之间的最短水平投影距离约为10 m。2条隧道线平行,列车在隧道内最快运行速度约为80 km/h。目标建筑与地铁线路间相对位置关系见图1
建筑室内振动原位监测分为振动沿高度方向传播规律监测、振动沿平面方向传播规律监测两部分,进行原位监测时,目标建筑已建层数为地上3层,地下2层。文中将地下2层楼板顶平面标记为B2;地下1层楼板顶平面标记为B1;地上1层楼板顶平面标记为F1;地上2层楼板顶平面标记为F2;地上3层楼板顶平面标记为F3。
振动沿高度方向传播规律监测方案中,测点布置于靠近地铁隧道的墙角处,各层测点的水平投影尽量重合。每层布置一个测点,分别命名为测点B2、测点B1、测点F1、测点F2、测点F3,总计5个测点进行一次原位监测,监测时间均为昼间非早晚高峰时期。值得注意的是,由于现场原因,测点B2与其余楼层测点在水平投影上的位置不同,以蓝色三角为标记,其余各楼层测点以黑色三角为标记,具体布置见图2。测点B2位于基础底板中心位置,四周环绕剪力墙与承重柱,距离竖向承重构件较远,而其余测点均处于靠近地铁隧道的剪力墙墙角。
对于建筑室内振动沿平面方向传播的原位监测方案,考虑楼板大小、测点在楼板上的位置、同一楼板距地铁隧道不同距离等,选择典型楼板进行振动监测。在地上1层楼板顶面处,选取大面积板距离地铁隧道较近处墙角、板中、距离地铁隧道较远处墙角,在小面积楼板上选取距离地铁隧道较近处墙角、板中,共计5个测点,分别命名为测点1至测点5,其中测点1与测点F1的水平投影重合,具体布置见图2。测点1与测点3靠近剪力墙,且在建筑短轴方向上的投影位置重合,水平投影距离约10 m;测点1与测点4直线距离约为8 m,沿短轴方向的水平投影距离约为6 m。测点1至测点5与近侧隧道壁的最小水平投影距离分别约为40、45、50、46、47 m。值得注意的是,测点1与测点3的连线方向与垂直于近侧隧道的方向几乎重合。
参考GB/T 50355—2018《住宅建筑室内振动限值及其测量方法标准》[20]及JGJ/T 170—2009《城市轨道交通引起建筑物振动与二次辐射噪声限值及其测量方法标准》[21],对该住宅建筑进行室内振动原位监测,图3为振动监测设备G01NET-3-S,该设备为三向力平衡式传感器。
轨道交通车致振动采用不同的振级评价方式,如Z振级,分频最大振级,1/3倍频程振级作为评价指标时,评价结果基本一致[22]。评价振级时,根据文献[20],以1/3倍频程铅垂向振动加速度级最大值(maximum 1/3 octave plumb vibration acceleration level,VALZmax)作为车致振动评判依据,同时给出限值等级二级的住宅建筑室内昼间各1/3倍频程铅垂向振动加速度级限值,限值等级二级为不得超过的限值如表1所示。
在本项目中,监测设备采样频率设置为500 Hz,采样时间为3000 s。
轨道交通振动在车辆通过时振动较大,无车辆通过时振动较小,以间歇式振动为主,而竖向四次方振动剂量值(plumb fourth power vibration dose value,VDVZ)使用加速度时程的四次方作为计算平均的基础,对峰值更加敏感,更能反映加速度峰值的变化趋势与特征,评价位置应取建筑物室内地面振动敏感处[23]。在GB/T 13441.1—2007《机械振动与冲击人体暴露于全身振动评价第1部分:一般要求》[24]中指出,在基本评价方法可能会低估振动影响的情况下,对于轨道交通振动时程信号可以采用VDVZ进行附加评价,如式(1)所示:
在原位监测时间段内,四次方振动剂量值评价量使用各次列车经过时四次方振动剂量值的四次方和的四次方根计算,如式(2)所示:
式中:VDVZ为竖向四次方振动剂量值(m/s1.75);VDVi,Z为不同时间段内,振动的竖向四次方振动剂量值(m/s1.75);VDVtotal,Z为原位监测时段内的竖向四次方振动剂量值(m/s1.75);aWZt)为竖向瞬时频率计权加速度(m/s2),通过滤波器对时域信号滤波后获得,滤波器中的频率计权函数采用文献[24]规定的基本频率计权函数;T为测量时间长度(s)。
使用振动加速度级(vibration acceleration level,VAL)描述该建筑住宅室内的轨道交通振动影响。取指数平均时间积分常数为1 s,中心频率1~80 Hz的1/3倍频程的铅垂向振动加速度级最大值即VALZmax,简记为振动加速度级最大值,如式(3)~式(6)所示:
式中:aiZt)为指数平均时间积分常数为1 s,对振动样本数据进行带通滤波与频谱变换后,第i个1/3倍频程带所对应的铅垂向加速度时程(m/s2);afi,Z为第i个1/3倍频程带内的铅垂向均方根加速度(m/s2);a0为基准加速度,a0 = 10-6(m/s2);VALfi,Z为以时间积分常数1 s计算出的第i个1/3倍频程带内中心频率处的铅垂向振动加速度级(dB);VALZmax,fi为在各个1/3倍频程中心频率处,所有以时间积分常数为1 s的铅垂向振动加速度级的最大值(dB);VALZmax为振动样本数据的铅垂向振动加速度级最大值(dB);T0为指数平均时间积分常数(s)。
依据文献[20],以在原位监测时段内各次列车在正常运营条件下经过时测点处的铅垂向振动加速度级最大值的算数平均值作为该测点处的振动加速度级评价量,后续文中使用的振动加速度级相关的评价量均指的是铅垂向。
测点B2与距离建筑物较近侧隧道壁的最小水平距离约为40 m,与离建筑物较远侧隧道壁的最小水平距离约为55 m。由于地铁线路的设计规划,在原位监测时,两辆列车在目标建筑处两侧隧道内几乎同时相向运行,两侧隧道过车所引起的测点处车致振动响应在时间上极为接近,如图4所示。在原位监测时段内,测点B2获取的各次列车经过的车致振动响应,一半由列车在距离建筑物较近侧隧道内行驶引起,另外一半由列车在距离建筑物较远侧隧道内行驶引起。
测点B2处的典型振动时程及其傅里叶分析谱如图5所示,振动持续时间均为15 s左右。两隧道内行车造成的测点车致振动响应,加速度峰值差异较大,而卓越频率较为一致,均为50 Hz左右。列车在远侧隧道内运行所引起的基础测点处车致振动响应相较于列车在近侧隧道内运行引起的基础测点处车致振动响应,各频率成分幅值有不同程度的下降。在原位监测时段内,列车在近侧隧道内运行引起的振动响应,加速度峰值平均结果为0.083 4 m/s2,列车在远侧隧道内运行时,加速度峰值的平均结果为0.050 0 m/s2,加速度峰值平均降低了40.4%,同时竖向四次方振动剂量值降低了46.3%。
文献[21]考虑了轨道沿线岩土介质的振动传递特性,规定轨道交通车致振动频率范围为4~200 Hz,根据式(3)~式(6),计算出4~200 Hz频率范围内,测点B2处竖向车致振动响应对应的1/3倍频程振动加速度级的统计与对比结果,如图6所示。列车在两隧道内运行引起的测点B2处的振动,在16~100 Hz之内均保持比较高的振级水平,而列车在近侧隧道运行引起的车致振动能在更宽的频带之内保持比较高的振动加速度级水平,说明振动信号的频率成分更加复杂。列车分别在近侧隧道内运行和在远侧隧道内运行时,中心频率为50 Hz的1/3倍频程振动加速度级分别处于78.5~88.0 dB以及80.1~84.8 dB,均值分别为85.5、81.6 dB;在中心频率为63 Hz处,1/3倍频程振动加速度级分别处于76.2~87.1 dB以及74.3~80.1 dB,均值分别为82.3、77.8 dB,在原位监测时段内,个别车次列车在近侧隧道内运行引起的车致振动响应超过了表1的限值。在中心频率为50 Hz与63 Hz处,列车在近侧隧道内运行引起的车致振动响应相较在远侧隧道内运行引起的车致振动响应,1/3倍频程振动加速度级的平均结果分别高出3.9 dB与4.5 dB。在原位监测时段内,列车在近侧隧道内运行引起的振动加速度级最大值的平均结果为85.1 dB,在远侧隧道内运行时为81.7 dB。
当前,文献[20]尚未明确规定如何选取振动事件进行评价分析,仅说明对于轨道交通引起的振动,应至少测量5次振动事件,在原位监测时间段内,列车在两侧隧道内运行引起的车致振动响应,加速度峰值的平均结果为0.066 7 m/s2,振动加速度级最大值的平均结果为83.4 dB,相较于仅考虑列车在近侧隧道内运行引起的车致振动响应,加速度峰值的平均结果降低了20.0%,振动加速度级最大值的平均结果降低了1.7 dB,而后者的加速度峰值平均结果为0.083 4 m/s2,振动加速度级最大值的平均结果为85.1 dB。连续选取振动事件进行轨道交通车致振动分析的处理方式,没有区分列车在离建筑物不同距离的隧道内行车造成的振动影响,使得本项目工况下的评价量值偏低,对于地铁振动控制设计产生不利因素。
两侧隧道距离建筑物的最小水平投影距离分别约为40 m和55 m,隧道壁之间的最小水平投影距离约为10 m。本文假设列车在远侧隧道内行车时对建筑物的振动影响,等效为列车在近侧隧道内行车时,振动在土体中传播距离由40 m增加为55 m时对建筑的振动影响,进而确定出列车分别在近侧隧道内行车与远侧隧道内行车时,车致振动响应的加速度峰值的振动衰减水平,并以此来划分列车在不同隧道内行车引起的车致振动响应。
按前述假设,在本项目中,在原位监测时段内,列车在两侧隧道内行车引起的车致振动响应,加速度峰值平均结果的衰减水平为40.4%,此时,加速度峰值平均结果的振动衰减水平按照均值减一倍标准差计算,为34.2%,对于振动加速度级最大值的平均结果,其衰减量值为3.4 dB。
依照测点B2处划分列车在不同隧道内运行引起的车致振动响应的方法,来划分各楼层测点处,列车在不同隧道内运行引起的车致振动响应,将沿高度方向布置的各测点的响应划分为近侧隧道行车引起的车致振动响应以及远侧隧道行车引起的车致振动响应。
在原位监测时段内,列车在不同的隧道内行车引起的各楼层测点处的车致振动响应,加速度峰值和振动加速度级最大值的平均结果见表2。列车在远侧隧道内行车引起的车致振动响应,相较于在近侧隧道内行车引起的车致振动响应,加速度峰值的平均结果与振动加速度级最大值的平均结果均有一定程度降低,在各楼层测点处,车致振动响应的加速度峰值的平均结果降低范围为25.4%~46.3%,振动加速度级最大值的平均结果降低范围为3.4~5.9 dB。为了保证分析结果的有效性,在此节后续的分析中,均选取列车在近侧隧道内运行引起的车致振动响应,值得注意的是,沿高度方向上,由于现场施工原因,测点B2与其余楼层测点的水平投影不重合,因而在本节的结果分析中,仅考虑水平投影重合的测点,即测点B1、F1、F2、F3。
对于目标建筑,沿高度方向,选取测点B1、测点F1、测点F2、测点F3处的近侧隧道行车致建筑车致振动响应进行统计分析。某次列车行经建筑物时,测点B1、测点F1、测点F3处典型车致振动时程及其傅里叶谱,如图7所示。测点B1、测点F1、测点F2、测点F3处车致振动响应的竖向四次方振动剂量值分别为0.002 9、0.003 4、0.00 50、0.006 1 m/s1.75
各层测点处的典型振动时程均为纺锤形,车致振动时程约为15 s,随着楼层层数的增加,车致振动响应的加速度峰值呈现增大的趋势。各层测点处的车致振动响应频率峰值集中在30~70 Hz,随着楼层的增加,低频能量的占比逐渐增大,例如在测点F3处,典型时程的卓越频率为37.6 Hz,而在测点B1处,典型时程的卓越频率为61.2 Hz。
测点B1、F1、F2、F3处车致振动响应在4~200 Hz的1/3倍频程振动加速度级如图8所示,各测点处的车致振动响应在31.5~100 Hz之内均保持比较高的1/3倍频程振动加速度级水平,在50~125 Hz频段内均呈减小趋势。测点F3处的车致振动响应相比测点B1处车致振动响应,各中心频率处的1/3倍频程振动加速度级均有所增大,在31.5~40 Hz内显著增大,同时峰值所在中心频率由50 Hz减小为31.5 Hz,说明车致振动的卓越频率随着楼层的增高,逐渐向低频方向移动。沿高度方向,在原位监测时段内,从地下1层测点处到地上3层测点处,振动加速度级最大值、加速度峰值以及竖向四次方振动剂量值均无明显减小,反而呈增大趋势。
在原位监测时段内,振动加速度级最大值的平均结果随着楼层数的增加未减小,顶层有所放大,振动加速度级最大值的平均结果在测点B1到测点F3处分别为75.2、77.1、79.2、82.0 dB。测点F3处的车致振动响应较之测点B1处,振动加速度级最大值的平均结果增大6.8 dB,加速度峰值的平均结果增大了1.06倍,出现了明显的顶部放大现象。整体而言,本项目中轨道交通车致振动在建筑物内沿竖向传播时,无明显衰减,而呈增大趋势,顶部放大现象明显。
对1层楼板顶平面处各测点处的原位监测数据,参考前述振动衰减水平以及测点B2处划分车致振动响应的方式,选取列车在近侧隧道内运行时引起的车致振动响应进行后续的分析计算。
地上1层平面处沿水平方向的原位监测中,所选取的测点所在楼板均为矩形板,各测点所在楼板类型有大面积板板边、大面积板板中、小面积板板边、小面积板板中,大面积楼板与小面积楼板的楼板尺寸分别为10400 mm×3600 mm×120 mm与3000 mm×2950 mm×120 mm。楼层楼面楼板以及基础底板采用C20混凝土,材料弹性模量为2.55×104 N/mm2,泊松比为0.27,材料密度取24 kN/m3,认为楼板边界条件为四边简支,仅考虑楼板自重荷载。参考板壳振动理论[25]中的公式,同时使用有限元模拟计算四边简支矩形板固有频率。
认为楼板四边简支,板壳振动理论[25]计算出大面积楼板与小面积楼板对应的频率系数取值为10.02、4.484,计算得到各楼板第1阶自振周期为28.7、65.0 Hz。使用有限元模拟计算得到上述简支板的第1阶自振频率结果,大面积板第1阶自振频率为26.2 Hz,小面积板第1阶自振频率为63.4 Hz,计算结果见图9,相较于板壳振动理论,计算误差为8.7%与2.5%,基本吻合。在后续分析中取大小面积楼板第1阶自振频率分别为28.7、65.0 Hz。
在分析不同面积楼板的板边相较于板中的振动加速度级以及加速度峰值分布规律时,同时对加速度峰值与加速度振动级沿着建筑短轴方向的传播规律也进行了讨论。
建筑室内地上一层楼板平面处测点1、测点3、测点4处典型振动加速度时程曲线及其傅里叶频谱如图10所示。在原位监测时段内,测点1、测点2、测点3、测点4、测点5处车致振动响应加速度峰值的平均结果分别为0.022 2、0.046 1、0.019 8、0.013 9、0.046 4 m/s2
测点1~测点5的分布比较离散,考虑车致振动会沿着建筑短轴方向进行衰减,以及车致振动引起楼板共振等因素,在各次列车经过时,各测点处车致振动响应的加速度峰值离散性较大,最大加速度峰值达0.079 5 m/s2,加权均值为0.029 7 m/s2,标准差为0.016 2 m/s2
在原位监测时段内,测点2处的车致振动响应相较于测点1处,竖向四次方振动剂量值分别为0.008 2、0.003 7 m/s1.75,增幅达到121.6%,同时车致振动响应的卓越频率有所降低,30 Hz附近的频率成分明显丰富,与大面积板的第1阶自振频率28.7 Hz相近。在原位监测时段内,测点5处的车致振动响应相较于测点4处,竖向四次方振动剂量值分别为0.009 3、0.002 1 m/s1.75,增幅达到345.4%。测点5处车致振动响应在60 Hz附近频谱成分明显,与小面积板的第1阶自振频率65.0 Hz相近。因而,对于在1层楼板平面处的各测点处的车致振动响应,其傅里叶谱中同时包含着测点所在处结构自身的频谱特征,以及车致振动在楼体中传播与衰减之后在测点所在处表征出的频谱特征,如在测点2处,振动分量在20~40 Hz、40~50 Hz这2个频带均较为丰富。
沿水平方向各测点的1/3倍频程振动加速度级如图11所示,在各次列车经过时,由于各测点布置较为离散,总体上振动加速度级最大值离散度较大,量值变化范围为64.0~87.6 dB,标准差为5.8 dB。在原位监测时段内,测点1、测点2、测点3、测点4、测点5处的车致振动响应的振动加速度级最大值的平均结果分别为72.5、79.8、71.5、67.9、80.8 dB。
车致振动响应沿着垂直近侧隧道壁的方向由测点1处传播到测点3处,传播距离约为10 m,加速度峰值的平均结果由0.022 2 m/s2衰减至0.019 8 m/s2,衰减幅度为10.8%,振动加速度级最大值的平均结果由72.5 dB减小到71.5 dB,降低了1.0 dB,衰减水平较低;对于测点1处与测点4处,车致振动响应在沿着垂直近侧隧道壁的方向,传播距离约为6 m,均值加速度峰值的平均结果由0.022 2 m/s2衰减至0.013 9 m/s2,衰减幅度为37.4%,振动加速度级最大值的平均结果分别为72.5 dB与67.9 dB,降低了4.7 dB,车致振动响应的衰减强度相比于测点1与测点3工况下车致振动响应的衰减要更强,总体而言,车致振动强度在沿着垂直隧道壁方向在建筑内传播时会随传播距离的增加而逐渐减小。
在原位监测时段内,测点2处车致振动响应相较于测点1处车致振动响应,加速度峰值的平均结果增幅为107.7%,振动加速度级最大值的平均结果值提升了7.3 dB。在各次列车经过时,中心频率为31.5 Hz对应的频带内1/3倍频程振动加速度级平均增大了7.3 dB,在1~80 Hz的各中心频率对应的频带内有着最高的增幅水平。大面积楼板的理论第1阶自振频率28.7 Hz处于中心频率31.5 Hz所对应的1/3倍频程频带内,认为此时车致振动引起了大面积楼板的共振,使得板中车致振动响应在中心频率对应频带内的1/3倍频程振动加速度级明显大于板边。
在原位监测时段内,测点5处车致振动响应相较于测点4处车致振动响应,加速度峰值的平均结果增幅为233.8%,振动加速度级最大值的平均结果提升了12.9 dB。在各次列车经过时,中心频率为63 Hz对应的频带内1/3倍频程振动加速度级平均增大了12.9 dB,在1~80 Hz的各中心频率对应的频带内有着最高的增幅水平。小面积楼板的理论第1阶自振频率65.0 Hz处于中心频率63 Hz所对应的1/3倍频程频带内,认为此时车致振动引起了小面积楼板的共振,共振现象相比较于大面积板更为强烈。
如前所述,建筑内楼板在车致振动作用下,会引起共振现象。板中处相比板边处,竖向四次方剂量值、加速度峰值的平均结果、振动加速度级最大值的平均结果均有较大增幅。小面积楼板板中测点5与大面积楼板板中测点2虽然距离近侧隧道的直线距离相近,分别为47 m与45 m,然而由于测点5所在楼板的第1阶自振频率更加接近于本项目中车致振动的卓越频率范围30~70 Hz,使得测点5处楼板的共振现象强于测点2处楼板的共振现象。而在建筑施工完成之后,由于楼板自身荷载增加,会使得楼板1阶自振频率降低[26],楼板自振频率的变化会使得完工建筑与在建建筑的同一块楼板表现出不同的振动放大强度。因而,对于轨道交通车致楼板振动,需要关注楼板主频处一定频带内的振动放大现象,以免对舒适度或是精密仪器设备的运行造成不利影响[27]
以某在建建筑为例,通过原位监测与分析,讨论了轨道交通车致振动对于沿线结构的振动影响,主要结论如下:
1)结构距离远侧隧道的最近距离约为55 m,远侧隧道内有地铁通过时,人在结构内可以感受到明显的振动,振动监测设备可以监测到明显的车致振动信号,且振动结果可能超过规范的限值。当建筑周边存在地铁线路时,宜在规划和设计等阶段,更充分地评估轨道交通振动的影响。
2)当前规范在轨道交通车致振动评价时要求选取5次地铁振动信号,如果选取连续的5次振动信号,可能严重低估轨道交通振动的不利影响。以文中的监测结果为例,如果仅运行近端隧道的地铁,连续的5次信号都是数值较大的振动信号;如果此时再增运远端隧道的地铁,其对应周边结构的不利影响是增强的,但评价结果却是降低的,因为此时的连续5次振动信号,可能包含2条近端隧道的较大的振动信号和3条远端隧道的较弱的振动信号,或者3条近端隧道的较大的振动信号和2条远端隧道的较弱的振动信号。因此本文建议规范在振动信号选取时,宜选取连续10次振动信号中的幅值较大的5次。
3)对于本项目监测的结构,轨道车致振动响应沿结构的高度方向衰减并不明显,且在顶层出现了放大。列车在近侧隧道内运行时,振动加速度级最大值在地下1层至地上3层的监测结果分别是75.2、77.1、79.2、82.0 dB。轨道交通车致振动强度在结构水平方向,随着测点与隧道水平距离的增加而逐渐减小,最大值出现在靠近隧道这一侧承重墙的墙角。
4)楼板会显著放大传递至结构内的轨道交通振动响应。对于相同的轨道交通振动输入,具有不同自振频率的大面积楼板和小面积楼板均产生了楼板振动放大现象,当楼板自振频率接近车致振动卓越频率时,板中相较于板边,振动加速度级最大值增加了12.9 dB,竖向四次方剂量值放大了3.45倍。在存在轨交振动影响区域的结构设计时,宜充分考虑楼板的振动放大现象。
  • 中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2024C03)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52378542)
  • 云南省市一体化项目(202202AH210004)
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2024年第44卷第6期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0615
  • 接收时间:2024-03-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-09
  • 修回日期:2024-04-03
基金
中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2024C03)
国家自然科学基金项目(52378542)
云南省市一体化项目(202202AH210004)
作者信息
    1.宁波市轨道交通物产置业有限公司,浙江 宁波 315000
    2.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
    3.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
    4.宁波市房屋建筑设计院有限公司,浙江 宁波 315012

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柏文(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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total species (%)

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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