Article(id=1245390360495636717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0608, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713196800000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-16, revisedDate=1715702400000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853800176, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853800176, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853800176, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853800176, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390357958082790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853799571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854467826, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=84, endPage=92, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390361108005109, articleId=1245390360495636717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Study on the calculation method of the maximum deformation of the isolation layer of friction pendulum isolated structures based on energy analysis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Seismic isolation technology is an effective means to protect the safety of structures. Taking the friction pendulum isolation structure as an example, a method for calculating the maximum deformation of the isolation layer (MDIL) based on the maximum momentary input energy (MMIE) analysis is proposed. Firstly, the MDIL is verified to be occur simultaneously with the MMIE based on a nonlinear single degree of freedom (NSDOF) model. Secondly, the relationship between the maximum sliding displacement and the hysteretic energy consumption of the isolation layer is derived. The ratio of the MDIL to the maximum sliding displacement of the isolation layer is further determined. Finally, a method for calculating the MDIL based on the MMIE is proposed and verified using the NSDOF model. The results show that there is a high correlation between the MDIL and the MMIE. The ratio of the hysteretic energy of the isolation layer to the MMIE decreases with the increase of the equivalent period of the structure. The ratio of the MDIL to the maximum sliding displacement is about 0.55. Compared to the actual maximum deformation of the isolated structure, the calculated deformation using the energy method is with an error of 10%.

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隔震技术是保证结构安全的有效手段。以摩擦摆隔震结构为例,提出了一种基于最大瞬时输入能量分析的隔震层最大变形计算方法。首先基于非线性单自由度模型验证了隔震层最大变形与最大瞬时输入能发生时刻的一致性,其次推导了隔震层的最大滑动位移与最大瞬时输入能段滞回耗能的关系,进一步确定了隔震层最大变形与最大滑动位移的比例,最终提出了基于最大瞬时输入能计算隔震结构隔震层最大变形的方法,通过案例分析验证了该方法的可行性。研究结果表明:隔震层的最大变形与最大瞬时输入能具有较高的相关性;隔震层在最大瞬时输入能段的滞回耗能与最大瞬时输入能的比值随着结构等效周期变大呈减小趋势;最大变形与最大滑动位移的比值可取0.55;基于能量法计算的隔震层最大变形与结构实际最大变形的误差在10%以内。

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李吉超(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震与工程系统抗震韧性研究。E-mail:
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何厚谊(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事结构隔震设计方法研究。E-mail:

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何厚谊(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事结构隔震设计方法研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on energy spectrum and the selection of earthquake accelerograms for dynamic analysis based on energy, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390397011247258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390360495636717, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=39, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB/T 50011—2010建筑抗震设计标准[S]. 北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390397086744733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390360495636717, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=40, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB/T 50011—2010 Code for seismic design of buildings[S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2010. 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label=Fig. 12, caption=Isolation structure model, figureFileSmall=AdTyFIu079E1A5CmftZacA==, figureFileBig=AtuXmJCvjZvYq7xn4Tq5hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390390342304696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390360495636717, language=CN, label=图12, caption=隔震结构模型, figureFileSmall=AdTyFIu079E1A5CmftZacA==, figureFileBig=AtuXmJCvjZvYq7xn4Tq5hg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390390661071804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390360495636717, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Relationship between the maximum deformation and the maximum sliding displacement of the isolation layer

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工况dmax/mmΔdPmax/mmdmax/ΔdPmax)/%
El Centro97.1188.851.4
Taft104.6181.757.6
Artificial212.5398.853.3
平均值138.1256.453.8
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隔震层最大变形与最大滑动位移的关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况dmax/mmΔdPmax/mmdmax/ΔdPmax)/%
El Centro97.1188.851.4
Taft104.6181.757.6
Artificial212.5398.853.3
平均值138.1256.453.8
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Comparison of the actual MDIL and the MDIL calculated based on the MMIE

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算方法dmax/mm3条地震动平均值
El Centro地震动Taft地震动Artificial地震动
能量法105.0102.3222.4149.5
实际响应97.5105.9218.0140.5
误差/%7.7-3.426.4
), ArticleFig(id=1245390391248274378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390360495636717, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

隔震层实际最大变形与基于瞬时输入能计算的变形值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
计算方法dmax/mm3条地震动平均值
El Centro地震动Taft地震动Artificial地震动
能量法105.0102.3222.4149.5
实际响应97.5105.9218.0140.5
误差/%7.7-3.426.4
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基于能量的摩擦摆隔震结构隔震层最大变形计算方法研究
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何厚谊 1, 2 , 李吉超 1, 2 , 王涛 1, 2
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(6): 84-92
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(6): 84-92
基于能量的摩擦摆隔震结构隔震层最大变形计算方法研究
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何厚谊1, 2 , 李吉超1, 2 , 王涛1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动部门重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 何厚谊(1998—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事结构隔震设计方法研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

李吉超(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震与工程系统抗震韧性研究。E-mail:
Study on the calculation method of the maximum deformation of the isolation layer of friction pendulum isolated structures based on energy analysis
Houyi HE1, 2 , Jichao LI1, 2 , Tao WANG1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Admininstration, Harbin 150080, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0608
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隔震技术是保证结构安全的有效手段。以摩擦摆隔震结构为例,提出了一种基于最大瞬时输入能量分析的隔震层最大变形计算方法。首先基于非线性单自由度模型验证了隔震层最大变形与最大瞬时输入能发生时刻的一致性,其次推导了隔震层的最大滑动位移与最大瞬时输入能段滞回耗能的关系,进一步确定了隔震层最大变形与最大滑动位移的比例,最终提出了基于最大瞬时输入能计算隔震结构隔震层最大变形的方法,通过案例分析验证了该方法的可行性。研究结果表明:隔震层的最大变形与最大瞬时输入能具有较高的相关性;隔震层在最大瞬时输入能段的滞回耗能与最大瞬时输入能的比值随着结构等效周期变大呈减小趋势;最大变形与最大滑动位移的比值可取0.55;基于能量法计算的隔震层最大变形与结构实际最大变形的误差在10%以内。

隔震结构  /  摩擦摆支座  /  能量分析  /  最大位移  /  简化计算方法

Seismic isolation technology is an effective means to protect the safety of structures. Taking the friction pendulum isolation structure as an example, a method for calculating the maximum deformation of the isolation layer (MDIL) based on the maximum momentary input energy (MMIE) analysis is proposed. Firstly, the MDIL is verified to be occur simultaneously with the MMIE based on a nonlinear single degree of freedom (NSDOF) model. Secondly, the relationship between the maximum sliding displacement and the hysteretic energy consumption of the isolation layer is derived. The ratio of the MDIL to the maximum sliding displacement of the isolation layer is further determined. Finally, a method for calculating the MDIL based on the MMIE is proposed and verified using the NSDOF model. The results show that there is a high correlation between the MDIL and the MMIE. The ratio of the hysteretic energy of the isolation layer to the MMIE decreases with the increase of the equivalent period of the structure. The ratio of the MDIL to the maximum sliding displacement is about 0.55. Compared to the actual maximum deformation of the isolated structure, the calculated deformation using the energy method is with an error of 10%.

isolation structure  /  friction pendulum bearing  /  energy analysis  /  maximum displacement  /  simplified calculation method
何厚谊, 李吉超, 王涛. 基于能量的摩擦摆隔震结构隔震层最大变形计算方法研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (6) : 84 -92 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0608
Houyi HE, Jichao LI, Tao WANG. Study on the calculation method of the maximum deformation of the isolation layer of friction pendulum isolated structures based on energy analysis[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (6) : 84 -92 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0608
隔震技术作为目前世界上最有效的建筑抗震措施之一,在国内外得到了广泛应用,近年来我国隔震建筑数量快速增长,居世界领先地位[1]。建筑结构隔震是在建筑基础、底部或下部结构与上部结构之间设置隔震支座,阻止地震能量向上传播,以延长整个结构体系的自振周期,减少输入上部结构的水平地震作用[2]。国内外的大量试验和工程经验表明,隔震设计一般可使结构的水平地震作用降低60%左右,从而消除或有效地减轻结构和非结构的地震损坏,提高建筑物及其内部设施、人员在地震时的安全性,增强震后建筑物继续使用的能力[3]
常用的隔震装置有叠层橡胶隔震支座(包括天然橡胶隔震支座、铅芯橡胶隔震支座以及高阻尼橡胶隔震支座)、平板滑移隔震支座、滚动滑移隔震支座和摩擦摆支座。其中,摩擦摆支座以其对地震激励频率范围的低敏感性和高稳定性、较强的自复位能力、优良的隔震和消能机制等综合性能,近年来逐渐成为一种具有发展前景的隔震支座[4]。相对于传统的建筑结构,采用基础隔震技术的建筑结构在地震作用下的绝对加速度反应会有效降低,但是隔震层会发生较大变形[5]。隔震支座的极限变形是结构隔震设计的关键指标之一,隔震支座变形超过允许值时将产生破坏,显著增加整体结构倒塌的风险[6],GB/T 51408—2021《建筑隔震设计标准》[7]规定,摩擦摆隔震支座在罕遇地震作用下的水平位移不应超过支座设计极限位移的0.85倍。目前,摩擦摆隔震结构在设计时通常需要进行多次试算与迭代,流程较为繁琐,如果可以估算隔震层在罕遇地震下的极限位移,则可大大简化计算流程,节约时间成本。
HOUSNER[8]首次提出能量法,把结构地震响应看成是地震能量输入、转化与耗散的过程,从能量平衡角度建立设计方法,形式简单且计算方便,能够较好地反映结构弹塑性发展与损伤累积的“全过程”。从输入能量和耗散能量的角度,可以捕捉到结构在地震作用下的非弹性变形历程[9]。隔震结构在地震作用下的响应特征与单自由度模型相似,且绝大部分能量由隔震层消耗,从能量的角度对隔震结构进行分析具有较强的适配性[10-12]。在能量法的研究内容中,最大瞬时输入能量是输入到结构的最大能量脉冲,必然引起较大的结构位移变形增量。HORI等[13]研究发现,瞬时输入能量作为输入能量强度的指标,与地震的周期性或脉冲性等特征有关,也与结构的即时响应位移有关。叶列平等[14-15]提出振动等能量准则,基于能量反应建立了单自由度体系最大弹性位移与弹塑性位移的关系。王常峰等[16]研究了双线性系统最大瞬时输入能量对应的位移与结构最大位移之间的关系,并通过瞬时输入能量建立了弹性和双线性系统最大位移反应的关系。胡冗冗等[17-19]研究了不同周期的单自由度弹性和弹塑性结构模型在不同能量分布的地震动作用下,瞬时输入能量最大值与结构最大位移反应的对应关系,提出了由瞬时输入能量推算结构最大位移反应的近似方法。陈逵等[20]以瞬时输入能量在时间轴上的分布特征(瞬时输入能量时变特征)来描述地震能量输入历程的特点,并通过建立瞬时输入能量时变特征与结构位移历程之间的联系,获得了基于能量参数的弹性结构位移历程求解方法。前人的研究都已证明瞬时输入能量与地震下的结构位移响应有着密切的联系,但是大多数研究着眼于弹性结构下的位移响应,或是通过弹性系统计算非弹性系统最大位移反应,尚未给出可靠的非弹性系统下通过瞬时输入能直接计算最大位移的方法。
本文基于非线性单自由度模型,分析了隔震结构在地震作用下的能量反应与隔震层位移响应的关系,推导了基于瞬时输入能计算隔震层最大变形的理论模型并进行验证。
对于基础隔震体系,其上部结构的层间侧移刚度通常远大于隔震层的水平刚度,地震中结构体系的水平位移主要集中在隔震层,上部结构只做水平整体平动,因此可近似将上部结构看作一个刚体,将隔震结构简化为单自由度模型进行分析[3]。如图1所示,上部结构简化为一个质点,其质量为m,隔震层采用双线性本构、阻尼系统描述。本文采用时程分析方法计算隔震结构的位移响应,可自动考虑隔震层的滞回耗能,无需设置附加阻尼比,因此阻尼比取0.05,即结构本身的阻尼比。
本文是以摩擦摆隔震结构为例进行分析,单摆摩擦摆支座的力学模型可以简化为双线性模型[21],如图2所示。根据GB/T 37358—2019《建筑摩擦摆隔震支座》[22],支座的各个力学性能参数分别按照式(1)~式(4)计算:
式中:Kp为支座初始刚度;μ为动摩擦系数;P为支座所受竖向荷载,与上部结构质量有关;dy为屈服位移,一般取2.5 mm。Kc为支座屈服后刚度;R为支座等效曲率半径;Keff为支座等效刚度;D为支座水平位移;Te为支座等效周期。
SDOF系统在相对坐标系下地震作用的动力方程为
式中:m为体系的质量;c为体系的黏滞阻尼系数;Fx)为体系的恢复力;为地震地面运动加速度;x分别为体系相对于地面的位移、速度和加速度。
式(5)两边同乘相对速度,并在地震持续时间[0,t]内积分,可得相对能量反应方程,如式(6)所示:
式中:为体系相对动能EK为体系阻尼耗能ED为体系变形能EH为地震动相对总输入能EI
式(6)的简化表达如式(7)所示:
定义瞬时输入能量(momentary input energy,MIE)ΔE为连续2个速度0点间的能量输入,由于起止时刻速度均为0,动能增量为0,ΔE由阻尼耗能增量ΔED及变形能增量ΔEH组成,即
2个速度0点之间的时间间隔称为瞬时段ΔtΔt为结构经历半次振动循环所需的时间,由于结构在地震过程中每一次往返振动所用的时间是变化的,因此Δt是一个变化值。
图3为单位质量SDOF结构经历El Centro地震动之后的能量反应时程,其中上方的曲线为系统总输入能量时程,下方的曲线为瞬时输入能量时程。由图可知,总输入能量呈波动上升趋势,根据能量平衡方程,总输入能是由体系动能、阻尼耗能以及变形能组成的,其中变形能包括弹性应变能和非弹性滞回耗能。在能量时程中,阻尼耗能是不断增长的,滞回耗能呈增长趋势但是会出现某段时间不增长,而弹性应变能和动能都是可恢复能量[23]。当某一时刻各项能量增量小于恢复的能量时,总输入能相较于上一时刻略有减小,因此并非持续单调增长。
瞬时输入能量时程由各个矩形组成,故又称为瞬时输入能量直方图,其中每个矩形的面积为对应瞬时段Δt的输入能量值,面积最大的一段为最大瞬时输入能ΔEmax(maximum momentary input energy,MMIE),所有矩形的面积之和等于结构总输入能EI。瞬时输入能直方图越狭长,表明结构在该瞬时段上输入能量的强度越大,因此通过瞬时输入能直方图能够了解地震能量输入的历程,同时由于瞬时输入能量与结构位移之间有对应关系,因此通过瞬时输入能直方图也能够了解结构位移反应历程的特点[20]
本文选取2条典型的天然地震动(El Centro地震动和Taft地震动),以及1条人工地震动Artificial用于后续分析。人工地震动根据三类场地、第2组的抗震设计反应谱生成。为计算8度罕遇地震下的隔震层位移,根据GB/T 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计标准》[24]将输入的地震动PGA调幅为400 cm/s2。3条地震动的加速度时程曲线如图4所示。
ΔE为输入到结构中的能量脉冲,在结构能量反应过程中最大瞬时输入能量ΔEmax必然引起较大的位移增量,使得结构在吸收ΔEmax之后有可能达到位移反应的最大值[19]。为研究摩擦摆隔震结构最大瞬时输入能与隔震层最大变形(maximum deformation of isolation layer,MDIL)的关系,现假设上部结构质量m=1 kg,阻尼比为0.05,摩擦摆支座动摩擦系数μ为0.02,支座曲率半径R为3 m,初始刚度Kp=80 N/m,屈服后刚度Kc=3.33 N/m,隔震后的等效周期Te为2.719 s。3条地震动作用下,结构的位移响应时程和瞬时输入能时程如图5所示。由图可知,结构最大位移响应dmax正好发生在结构经历最大瞬时输入能ΔEmax的时段。
下面讨论一般情况,由1.2节的定义可知,每一瞬时段Δt都有起止2个位移值,取其中绝对值较大的位移作为该时段ΔE对应的位移dE。设计摩擦摆支座屈服位移为2.5 mm、曲率半径为3 m,计算动摩擦系数为0.005~0.100范围内dEmaxdmax的对比如图6所示。图中横坐标为按照式(3)、式(4)计算的隔震结构等效周期。对于El Centro地震动和Taft地震动,dEmaxdmax在结构等效周期为1.8~3.5 s具有较好的一致性;对于人工地震动,dEmaxdmax在结构等效周期超过2.5 s时具有较好的一致性。总体来说,在隔震结构的典型周期范围(2.5~4.0 s)内,dEmaxdmax二者基本相同。因此,dEmaxdmax有较好的对应关系,亦即ΔEmaxdmax有较好的对应关系,可以认为当结构在经历最大瞬时输入能的时刻出现最大位移响应。
图5中El Centro地震动作用下结构的位移响应时程为例,将位移时程中所有速度为0时刻的点记为位移峰值点dP,相邻2个位移峰值点之间的位移差记为滑动位移ΔdP,如图7所示。
通常情况下结构最大位移响应dmax会与最大滑动位移ΔdPmax出现在同一时段Δt,即dmax图7中的dP(idP(i+1),将这一特殊时段记为ΔtE。又由2.2节的推论可知,ΔtE时段会出现最大瞬时输入能ΔEmax。因此只需找到ΔEmaxΔdPmax之间的关系,即可通过最大瞬时输入能推导结构最大位移。
已知Δt为结构经历半次振动循环所需的时间,因此ΔdPmax即为摩擦摆支座在ΔtE内完成的一次完整的单向滑动摩擦位移值,这段时间的滞回曲线为A点-B点-C点,如图8所示。前人在研究瞬时输入能段的滞回耗能时多采用直接积分的方式计算[16],而本文为了将滞回耗能与最大滑动位移直接联系起来,便于后续推导瞬时输入能与最大位移的关系,提出了一种新的计算方法:先将滞回曲线补充为完整的一圈,则滞回耗能ΔEH为平行四边形ABCD面积的一半,即阴影区域面积,如图8所示。
设计摩擦摆支座屈服位移为2.5 mm、曲率半径为3 m,计算动摩擦系数为0.005~0.100范围内ΔtE时段的滞回耗能ΔEH占最大瞬时输入能ΔEmax的比值α图9所示。由图可知,对于3条地震动,α在隔震后的等效周期1.5~3.5 s范围内呈现相同的规律,故α可以根据摩擦摆支座的动摩擦系数查表获得。
因此,由最大瞬时输入能推导最大滑动位移的方法是,通过查表得到α即可由ΔEmax求出ΔEH,如式(10)所示:
图8ΔdPmaxΔEH的几何关系求出ΔdPmax,如式(11)所示:
隔震层的最大变形是指隔震层相对于位移0点在正向或负向的最大位移,而隔震层的最大滑动位移是指相邻2个速度0点之间隔震层产生的最大位移增量。在最大瞬时输入能发生的时段,为了耗散地震能量,摩擦摆支座的滑动位移将高于其最大变形但小于等于2倍的最大变形。依然以2.2节采用的具体结构模型为例,给出不同地震动工况下的最大位移与最大滑动位移,如表1所示。
可以看出dmaxΔdPmax的比值在50%~60%之间波动,因此可以按照式(12)计算最大位移:
式中系数β取0.55。将式(1)、式(10)、式(11)代入式(12),得到由ΔEmax计算dmax的最终公式(13):
式中,上部结构质量确定时支座所受竖向荷载P为已知,屈服位移dy为2.5 mm,系数αβ可通过大量计算统计得出,当摩擦摆支座的μR确定时,即可通过最大瞬时输入能ΔEmax求出最大位移。
基于前文的分析与推导,摩擦摆隔震结构隔震层的最大变形可根据最大瞬时输入能计算,流程如图10所示。
总体来说,该方法适用于具有双线性本构的隔震支座,但是不同支座特性不同,应进行针对性调整。本文以摩擦摆支座作为研究对象,主要原因在于摩擦摆支座的可设计性较强,支座的曲率半径、摩擦系数和尺寸均是可变参数。与之相比,橡胶支座通常为现有产品,尺寸、参数相对固定。另外,摩擦摆支座的起滑位移固定,因此可采用等屈服位移能量谱(见3.2节),这对于橡胶支座并不适用。
为方便取任意周期点下的最大瞬时输入能ΔEmax,需要建立最大瞬时输入能量谱。由1.1节可知,摩擦摆支座的屈服位移dy通常取2.5 mm,因此建立单自由度(single degree of freedom,SDOF)等屈服位移最大瞬时输入能量谱。取摩擦摆支座屈服位移为2.5 mm、曲率半径为3 m,计算动摩擦系数为0.005~0.100范围内3条地震动各自的等屈服位移最大瞬时输入能量谱以及平均谱如图11所示。可以看出,2条天然地震动的最大瞬时输入能量谱曲线较为接近,而人工地震动由于其反应谱在整个周期范围内能够与规范反应谱吻合较好,相较于天然地震动,会导致输入结构的能量更多、结构产生的地震响应更大,因此最大瞬时输入能量在中长周期范围内远大于天然地震动。
选取一个实际隔震结构为例验证前述的理论推导。建筑模型如图12所示,为一个地上7层、地下1层的钢筋混凝土框架结构。工程所在地区的抗震设防烈度为8度,设计基本地震加速度峰值为0.20 g,设计地震分组第2组,三类场地,场地特征周期0.55 s。本工程采用基底隔震方案,在地下1层范围内利用摩擦摆支座设置隔震层。
取隔震层其中一个支座作为分析对象,其上部承受竖向荷载3000 kN,设计隔震支座的动摩擦系数μ为0.02,支座曲率半径R为3 m,初始刚度为23520 kN/m。按照3.1节的方法及3.2节的能量谱推导出罕遇地震下隔震层的最大位移,并与隔震层的实际位移响应作对比,结果如表2所示。可以看出误差均在10%以内,且能量法估算的位移均值比实际位移均值偏大,作为设计参考是偏于安全的。
本文提出了一种基于最大瞬时输入能计算隔震结构隔震层最大变形的方法,并用一个单自由度隔震模型验证了该方法的可行性。研究结论如下:
1)隔震层的最大变形与最大瞬时输入能具有较高的相关性,往往同时发生。
2)隔震层的最大滑动位移可由最大瞬时输入能段的滞回耗能求出,隔震层在最大瞬时输入能段的滞回耗能与最大瞬时输入能的比值随着结构等效周期变大呈减小趋势。
3)隔震层最大变形与最大滑动位移的比值约为0.55,采用能量法计算的隔震层最大变形与时程分析的结果相比误差小于10%。
需要指出,上述结论根据3条地震动的分析结果给出,样本数量有限,未来还需要进一步验证该方法的普适性。
  • 中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2021EEEVL0310; 2020C03)
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2024年第44卷第6期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0608
  • 接收时间:2024-04-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-16
  • 修回日期:2024-05-15
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中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2021EEEVL0310; 2020C03)
作者信息
    1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动部门重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
    2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080

通讯作者:

李吉超(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震与工程系统抗震韧性研究。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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