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Article(id=1245390358952132838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0606, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1696780800000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-09, revisedDate=1701705600000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853799808, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853799808, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853799808, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853799808, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390357958082790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853799571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854467826, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=59, endPage=71, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390359308648679, articleId=1245390358952132838, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Experimental study and parameter analysis on the mechanical properties of LYP160 low-yield-point steel double hourglass-shaped steel dampers, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In recent years, metallic bar dampers have been widely applied in structural vibration reduction due to their excellent energy dissipation capacity. To further enhance the mechanical performance of metallic bar dampers, this study proposes a double hourglass-shaped damper made of LYP160 low-yield-point steel, featuring a constant cross-section straight segment LYP160-double hourglass shaped steel damper(LYP-DHSD). To investigate the mechanical properties of LYP-DHSD under shear displacement, two LYP-DHSD specimens were designed. The hysteretic characteristics and fatigue performance of the specimens were studied through low-cycle reciprocating loading tests. A refined finite element model of LYP-DHSD was developed, and parameter analysis of the hysteretic performance was conducted with the outer diameter, inner diameter, and length of the constant cross-section straight segment as variables to further explore the stress pattern of LYP-DHSD under cyclic shear displacement. The results show that under cyclic shear displacement, LYP-DHSD achieves multi-section yielding and exhibits excellent load-bearing capacity, deformation ability, and stable energy dissipation performance, with fatigue performance meeting code requirements. Adjusting the inner diameter significantly influences the structure’s load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation. Increasing the length of the constant cross-section straight segment reduces the load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation of LYP-DHSD. Additionally, increasing the inner and outer diameters improves material utilization efficiency initially, but it subsequently decreases. Modifying the length of the constant cross-section straight segment allows for adjustments in the plasticity distribution region of LYP-DHSD. Based on the analysis results, it is recommended that the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter of LYP-DHSD be set between 0.375 and 0.625, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the length of the constant cross-section straight segment be set between 1 and 2.

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近年来金属棒体阻尼器因其优越的耗能能力而被广泛运用于结构减震，为进一步提升金属棒体阻尼器的力学性能，文中提出一种由LYP160低屈服点钢制作，带有等截面平直段的双沙漏型阻尼器（LYP160-double hourglass shaped steel damper，LYP-DHSD），为研究LYP-DHSD在剪切位移下的力学性能，设计了2个LYP-DHSD试件，通过低周往复加载试验研究了试件的滞回特性和疲劳性能，建立了LYP-DHSD的精细化有限元模型，并以沙漏耗能段外径、内径和等截面平直段长度为参数进行了滞回性能参数分析，以进一步研究LYP-DHSD在循环剪切位移下的受力模式。研究结果表明：在循环剪切位移下，LYP-DHSD能够实现多截面屈服，具有良好的承载力、变形能力和稳定的耗能能力，疲劳性能满足规范要求；改变内径会显著影响结构的承载力、刚度及耗能，增大等截面平直段则会降低LYP-DHSD的承载力、刚度和耗能能力；增大内径、外径使材料的利用率先增大后减小，改变等截面平直段长度可以实现对LYP-DHSD塑性分布区域的调整；基于文中的分析结果，建议LYP-DHSD的内径与外径比值取0.375~0.625，内径与等截面平直段长度比值取1~2。

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连鸣（1987—），男，副教授，博士，主要从事新型钢结构体系抗震性能与设计方法研究。E-mail：

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连鸣（1987—），男，副教授，博士，主要从事新型钢结构体系抗震性能与设计方法研究。E-mail：

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连鸣（1987—），男，副教授，博士，主要从事新型钢结构体系抗震性能与设计方法研究。E-mail：

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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390392372347870, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=EN, label=Fig. 19, caption=Equivalent plastic strain distribution of the finite element models, figureFileSmall=RzzrZVNE1cmyrIPHXZnhrw==, figureFileBig=vatQMBKqZQGaMrSHTANX8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390392598840289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=CN, label=图19, caption=有限元模型的等效塑性应变分布, figureFileSmall=RzzrZVNE1cmyrIPHXZnhrw==, figureFileBig=vatQMBKqZQGaMrSHTANX8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390392867275753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main parameters of specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号De/mmDi/mmLh/mmLm/mmLJ/mmLz/mm端部连接方式加载制度
LYP-A-14020170604030焊接滞回
LYP-A-24020170604030焊接疲劳
), ArticleFig(id=1245390393072796652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试件主要参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号De/mmDi/mmLh/mmLm/mmLJ/mmLz/mm端部连接方式加载制度
LYP-A-14020170604030焊接滞回
LYP-A-24020170604030焊接疲劳
), ArticleFig(id=1245390393320260592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Material properties of LYP160 steel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号厚度t/mm弹性模量E/MPa屈服强度fy/MPa抗拉强度fu/MPa伸长率/%
14.9701.964138.267263.12654.6
24.9702.002137.909263.35454.2
34.9701.952136.947263.22655.6
44.9802.106139.100264.37055.3
54.9901.959135.543263.06055.4
65.0002.028142.396262.09154.7
平均值4.9802.018138.360263.20554.9
), ArticleFig(id=1245390393664193526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

LYP160钢材性数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号厚度t/mm弹性模量E/MPa屈服强度fy/MPa抗拉强度fu/MPa伸长率/%
14.9701.964138.267263.12654.6
24.9702.002137.909263.35454.2
34.9701.952136.947263.22655.6
44.9802.106139.100264.37055.3
54.9901.959135.543263.06055.4
65.0002.028142.396262.09154.7
平均值4.9802.018138.360263.20554.9
), ArticleFig(id=1245390393836159997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Experimental phenomenon

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号加载位移Δ/mm主要试验现象
LYP-A-1小于24加载段两侧的钢棒变形对称且较为均匀
30加载段两侧的钢棒变形开始不对称，且两侧钢棒的上部变截面处均出现细微裂缝
32加载段左右两侧的钢棒出现明显的裂缝，试件显著扭转，见图8（a）和（b）
38加载段左右两侧钢棒的裂缝发展过大，承载力下降，停止加载，试件的最终形态见图8（c）
LYP-A-222沙漏耗能段中部略微径缩（第5圈）
沙漏耗能段中部径缩加大（第10圈）
沙漏耗能段变形不对称逐渐明显，径缩加剧（第20圈）
沙漏耗能段变形开始不对称并出现非常细微裂缝（第30圈）
), ArticleFig(id=1245390393920046079, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

试验现象

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号加载位移Δ/mm主要试验现象
LYP-A-1小于24加载段两侧的钢棒变形对称且较为均匀
30加载段两侧的钢棒变形开始不对称，且两侧钢棒的上部变截面处均出现细微裂缝
32加载段左右两侧的钢棒出现明显的裂缝，试件显著扭转，见图8（a）和（b）
38加载段左右两侧钢棒的裂缝发展过大，承载力下降，停止加载，试件的最终形态见图8（c）
LYP-A-222沙漏耗能段中部略微径缩（第5圈）
沙漏耗能段中部径缩加大（第10圈）
沙漏耗能段变形不对称逐渐明显，径缩加剧（第20圈）
沙漏耗能段变形开始不对称并出现非常细微裂缝（第30圈）
), ArticleFig(id=1245390394037485573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Fatigue test damping force of specimen LYP-A-2

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加载方向正向负向
最大阻尼力/kN与平均值误差/%最小阻尼力/kN与平均值误差/%最大阻尼力/kN与平均值误差/%最小阻尼力/kN与平均值误差/%
性能指标74.193.170.07-2.6-74.64-1.7-77.331.8
), ArticleFig(id=1245390394125565960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

试件LYP-A-2疲劳测试阻尼力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
加载方向正向负向
最大阻尼力/kN与平均值误差/%最小阻尼力/kN与平均值误差/%最大阻尼力/kN与平均值误差/%最小阻尼力/kN与平均值误差/%
性能指标74.193.170.07-2.6-74.64-1.7-77.331.8
), ArticleFig(id=1245390394213646348, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Parameters of the Chaboche mixed hardening model for LYP160 steel

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钢材类型σ|0Q∞bC1γ1C2γ2C3γ3C4γ4
LYP16013010103.130.128542.91645.66399.6245.957.7890.2
), ArticleFig(id=1245390394322698259, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

LYP160钢Chaboche混合强化模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钢材类型σ|0Q∞bC1γ1C2γ2C3γ3C4γ4
LYP16013010103.130.128542.91645.66399.6245.957.7890.2
), ArticleFig(id=1245390394414972956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Design parameters of the finite element model of LYP-DHSD

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设计参数模型编号De/mmDi/mmLz/mmDi/De
DeDe505020300.40
De454520300.44
De40（Base）4020300.50
De353520300.57
De303020300.67
DiDi304030300.75
Di254025300.625
Di20（Base）4020300.50
Di154015300.375
Di104010300.25
LzLz504020500.50
Lz404020400.50
L30（Base）4020300.50
Lz204020200.50
Lz104020100.50
), ArticleFig(id=1245390394519830559, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

LYP-DHSD有限元模型设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设计参数模型编号De/mmDi/mmLz/mmDi/De
DeDe505020300.40
De454520300.44
De40（Base）4020300.50
De353520300.57
De303020300.67
DiDi304030300.75
Di254025300.625
Di20（Base）4020300.50
Di154015300.375
Di104010300.25
LzLz504020500.50
Lz404020400.50
L30（Base）4020300.50
Lz204020200.50
Lz104020100.50
), ArticleFig(id=1245390394637271077, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Performance indices of the characteristic points of the skeleton curves of each finite element model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
有限元模型弹性刚度K0/（kN/mm）屈服位移Δy/mm极限位移Δu/mm屈服承载力Fy/kN极限承载力Fu/kN延性μ=Δu/Δy超强系数Ω=Fu/Fy
Base12.952.9137.9828.9293.0513.053.21
De3012.112.8437.8017.7857.6613.303.24
De3515.592.9535.9222.9376.7612.173.34
De4518.842.8037.9235.80104.3513.542.91
De5024.762.9435.9538.88108.8312.222.79
Di1012.112.8831.956.4624.5311.093.79
Di1515.613.0235.9717.1956.7011.913.29
Di2519.622.7737.8139.69112.5713.642.83
Di3024.762.8237.9147.39136.0113.442.87
Lz5012.242.9837.6321.8981.5212.623.72
Lz4015.542.9137.9825.6286.0313.053.35
Lz2016.953.3537.9831.8798.7611.333.09
Lz1019.533.1237.8435.92102.8612.132.86
), ArticleFig(id=1245390394716962858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390358952132838, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

各有限元模型骨架曲线特征点性能指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
有限元模型弹性刚度K0/（kN/mm）屈服位移Δy/mm极限位移Δu/mm屈服承载力Fy/kN极限承载力Fu/kN延性μ=Δu/Δy超强系数Ω=Fu/Fy
Base12.952.9137.9828.9293.0513.053.21
De3012.112.8437.8017.7857.6613.303.24
De3515.592.9535.9222.9376.7612.173.34
De4518.842.8037.9235.80104.3513.542.91
De5024.762.9435.9538.88108.8312.222.79
Di1012.112.8831.956.4624.5311.093.79
Di1515.613.0235.9717.1956.7011.913.29
Di2519.622.7737.8139.69112.5713.642.83
Di3024.762.8237.9147.39136.0113.442.87
Lz5012.242.9837.6321.8981.5212.623.72
Lz4015.542.9137.9825.6286.0313.053.35
Lz2016.953.3537.9831.8798.7611.333.09
Lz1019.533.1237.8435.92102.8612.132.86
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LYP160低屈服点钢双沙漏型阻尼器力学性能试验研究与参数分析
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连鸣 1, 2 , 王江 1 , 周玉浩 1 , 李伟 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(6): 59-71
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(6): 59-71
LYP160低屈服点钢双沙漏型阻尼器力学性能试验研究与参数分析
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连鸣1, 2 , 王江1, 周玉浩1, 李伟1
作者信息
  • 1.西安建筑科技大学 土木工程学院，陕西 西安 710055
  • 2.西安建筑科技大学 结构工程与抗震教育部重点实验室，陕西 西安 710055

    • 连鸣（1987—），男，副教授，博士，主要从事新型钢结构体系抗震性能与设计方法研究。E-mail：

Experimental study and parameter analysis on the mechanical properties of LYP160 low-yield-point steel double hourglass-shaped steel dampers
Ming LIAN1, 2 , Jiang WANG1, Yuhao ZHOU1, Wei LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
  • 2.Key Lab of Structural Engineering and Earthquake Resistance, Ministry of Education (XAUAT), Xi’an 710055, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0606
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摘要
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近年来金属棒体阻尼器因其优越的耗能能力而被广泛运用于结构减震，为进一步提升金属棒体阻尼器的力学性能，文中提出一种由LYP160低屈服点钢制作，带有等截面平直段的双沙漏型阻尼器（LYP160-double hourglass shaped steel damper，LYP-DHSD），为研究LYP-DHSD在剪切位移下的力学性能，设计了2个LYP-DHSD试件，通过低周往复加载试验研究了试件的滞回特性和疲劳性能，建立了LYP-DHSD的精细化有限元模型，并以沙漏耗能段外径、内径和等截面平直段长度为参数进行了滞回性能参数分析，以进一步研究LYP-DHSD在循环剪切位移下的受力模式。研究结果表明：在循环剪切位移下，LYP-DHSD能够实现多截面屈服，具有良好的承载力、变形能力和稳定的耗能能力，疲劳性能满足规范要求；改变内径会显著影响结构的承载力、刚度及耗能，增大等截面平直段则会降低LYP-DHSD的承载力、刚度和耗能能力；增大内径、外径使材料的利用率先增大后减小，改变等截面平直段长度可以实现对LYP-DHSD塑性分布区域的调整；基于文中的分析结果，建议LYP-DHSD的内径与外径比值取0.375~0.625，内径与等截面平直段长度比值取1~2。

低屈服点钢  /  双沙漏型阻尼器  /  试验研究  /  参数分析  /  滞回性能  /  疲劳性能

In recent years, metallic bar dampers have been widely applied in structural vibration reduction due to their excellent energy dissipation capacity. To further enhance the mechanical performance of metallic bar dampers, this study proposes a double hourglass-shaped damper made of LYP160 low-yield-point steel, featuring a constant cross-section straight segment LYP160-double hourglass shaped steel damper(LYP-DHSD). To investigate the mechanical properties of LYP-DHSD under shear displacement, two LYP-DHSD specimens were designed. The hysteretic characteristics and fatigue performance of the specimens were studied through low-cycle reciprocating loading tests. A refined finite element model of LYP-DHSD was developed, and parameter analysis of the hysteretic performance was conducted with the outer diameter, inner diameter, and length of the constant cross-section straight segment as variables to further explore the stress pattern of LYP-DHSD under cyclic shear displacement. The results show that under cyclic shear displacement, LYP-DHSD achieves multi-section yielding and exhibits excellent load-bearing capacity, deformation ability, and stable energy dissipation performance, with fatigue performance meeting code requirements. Adjusting the inner diameter significantly influences the structure’s load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation. Increasing the length of the constant cross-section straight segment reduces the load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and energy dissipation of LYP-DHSD. Additionally, increasing the inner and outer diameters improves material utilization efficiency initially, but it subsequently decreases. Modifying the length of the constant cross-section straight segment allows for adjustments in the plasticity distribution region of LYP-DHSD. Based on the analysis results, it is recommended that the ratio of the inner diameter to the outer diameter of LYP-DHSD be set between 0.375 and 0.625, and the ratio of the inner diameter to the length of the constant cross-section straight segment be set between 1 and 2.

low-yield-point steel  /  double hourglass-shaped damper  /  experimental study  /  parameter analysis  /  hysteretic performance  /  fatigue performance
连鸣, 王江, 周玉浩, 李伟. LYP160低屈服点钢双沙漏型阻尼器力学性能试验研究与参数分析. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (6) : 59 -71 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0606
Ming LIAN, Jiang WANG, Yuhao ZHOU, Wei LI. Experimental study and parameter analysis on the mechanical properties of LYP160 low-yield-point steel double hourglass-shaped steel dampers[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (6) : 59 -71 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0606
正文
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0　引言
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近年来，消能减震技术成为建筑结构抗震加固的主要措施之一[1]，其中金属阻尼器[2]作为一种被动耗能减震装置具有耗能效果显著、耗能机理明确、工作性能稳定和易于加工等优点被广泛应用于老旧建筑和新建建筑的抗震加固[3]。自KELLY等[4]提出了耗能减震理念以来，已有学者对金属阻尼器开展了广泛的研究，研发了各种形式的金属阻尼器，如钢板阻尼器[5]、沙漏型金属阻尼器、X形加劲阻尼器[6]以及开孔阻尼器[7]等。其中沙漏型阻尼器（hourglass shaped steel damper，HSD）能够在任意方向屈服变形，消耗不同方向的地震能量，为结构在任意方向提供相同的附加刚度和阻尼，使结构具备良好的减震性能。
HSD首先由TYLER[8]提出，该阻尼器由钢底板和单沙漏型钢棒组成。BRIONES等[9]对单个铜HSD进行了试验研究，证明了该阻尼器具有良好的耗能能力。BAIGUERA等[10]提出了不锈钢HSD，研究结果表明采用不锈钢可显著提升HSD的承载力，但疲劳性能不理想。孙威等[11]通过有限元分析研究了不同钢材对HSD耗能能力的影响，结果表明当使用屈服点较低的钢材时，阻尼器的耗能显著提升。周云等[12]提出了组合式沙漏型阻尼器，阻尼器与连接板采用螺纹连接。此外，GARMEH等[13]将AISI 1020级碳钢制作的HSD作为耗能元件用于一种旋转屈服阻尼器，并对该阻尼器的力学性能进行了有限元分析，提出相关设计建议。目前HSD所用钢材主要为普通碳素钢或不锈钢，存在变形能力和疲劳性能不足的缺点。低屈服点钢屈服点低且变化范围小，相较于传统钢材，低屈服点钢具有极强的变形能力，更稳定的滞回耗能能力，更优的疲劳性能[14-16]，因此，采用低屈服点钢制作HSD不仅能更容易实现HSD先于结构构件屈服，并且可以显著提升HSD的耗能能力与疲劳性能。
本文采用LYP160低屈服点钢[17]制作一种带有等截面平直段的双沙漏型阻尼器（LYP160-double hourglass shaped steel damper，LYP-DHSD），由于目前对LYP-DHSD循环剪切荷载下力学性能的研究较为匮乏，因此本文对LYP-HSD的剪切力学性能开展试验研究，通过对2个LYP-DHSD试件进行低周往复加载试验，研究循环剪切荷载下LYP-DHSD的破坏模式、承载力、延性、耗能与疲劳性能，建立了LYP-DHSD的精细有限元模型并以阻尼器的内径、外径和沙漏耗能段等截面平直段长度为参数进行了参数分析，基于分析结果提出了设计建议，以期为该阻尼器的设计和应用提供参考。
1　LYP-HSD初步设计
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现有的棒体阻尼器（图1）[11]多为圆柱形或单锥形，本文在单锥形HSD的基础上提出一种带有等截面平直段的双沙漏型阻尼器LYP-DHSD（图2），当剪切荷载作用于LYP-DHSD中间的加力段时，阻尼器的内力图如图3所示，加力段两侧的沙漏型耗能段发生弯曲变形并耗能，由于加力段两侧的棒体中部弯矩为零且相邻区域的弯矩较小，该区域主要承受剪力作用，将该区域设计成等截面柱体平直段，并且柱体平直段内的钢棒满足抗剪和抗弯刚度足够时，柱体平直段在阻尼器受力时处于弹性状态，从而使阻尼器的塑性耗能区域分布在柱体平直段两侧，因此可以通过调整柱体平直段的分布长度实现控制LYP-DHSD的塑性耗能区域。
1.1　屈服承载力
由于LYP-DHSD的外形设计为轴对称图形，故取半结构进行设计，两端可以看作为固定端，半结构内力图见图4，以沙漏耗能段中心点为坐标原点O，阻尼器长度方向为x轴建立坐标系。
由弯矩分布图可知各界面边缘处最大受弯正应力为
令式中（1）中的σmax = fy=160 N/mm2，并对F（x）求导后令得到式（2），可以得到LYP-DHSD最先发生屈服的截面位置，若求得x位于耗能段变截面部分之外，按式（3）进行取值。
通过以上计算可以得到最先发生屈服的截面位置，由于LYP-DHSD从弹性阶段过渡到塑性阶段需经历一个发展过程，阻尼器进入塑性时最先达到屈服应力截面应进入全界面塑性，式（1）变为式（4），得
将式（3）代入式（4）即可得到LYP-DHSD的屈服荷载Fy。
1.2　弹性刚度及屈服位移计算
依据可变形体的虚功原理取LYP-DHSD半结构进行受力分析，在加力段施加虚设单位力1，LYP-DHSD内力图见图4。则有：
可得：
则LYP-DHSD的整体刚度为
则联立式（7）、式（4）即可得到LYP-DHSD的屈服位移：
2　试验概况
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2.1　试验试件
本文的LYP-DHSD试件见图2，试件由LYP160钢板整体切割并由机床打磨切割而成型，端部以环型坡口焊的焊接形式与加载装置中端板连接，加力段是循环荷载作用点。共设计了2个LYP-DHSD试件，尺寸见图5。试件的外径De、内径Di、沙漏耗能段长Lh、连接段长度Lm、加载段长度LJ以及等截面平直段长度Lz参数见表1，由单向拉伸试验得到的试件LYP160钢材性数据见表2。
2.2　试验加载装置及加载制度
采用MTS-250 kN电液伺服疲劳试验机对LYP-DHSD试件施加低周往复剪切荷载，试件加载装置见图6。加载装置包括厚20 mm的底支座夹持钢板；加劲肋；底板以及焊接在底板上的端板；连接板是锚固LYP-DHSD的连接板；加载板四周焊接加劲肋，中间预留比LYP-DHSD加载段大1 mm的孔道；阻尼器试件被安放在上部，连接板与端板通过M24高强度螺栓连接；带螺纹拉杆穿过两端端板，用螺栓固定；底板加强角用于提升装置整体刚度；挡板被安装在上部加载板，以提供平面外转动约束；通过夹持加载装置的上下钢板实现对LYP-DHSD的剪切位移加载。试验采用位移控制的加载方式，首先对试件LYP-A-1进行滞回加载，加载位移从0 mm开始，每级增加2 mm并循环3圈，依次递增直至试件破坏见图7（a）；对试件LYP-A-2进行疲劳加载，在设计位移22 mm下循环30次以考察试件的疲劳性能见图7（b）。
3　试验结果及其分析
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试件LYP-A-1和LYP-A-2在循环剪切位移作用下的试验现象见表3和图8，由于低周疲劳加载过程中试件未发生明显破坏，因此未给出相应的试验现象照片。
通过分析试验现象可以发现，试件LYP-A-1的断裂破坏位置均发生在变截面段或过渡连接处，见图9，破坏时阻尼器的耗能段已经产生充分的塑性变形，在变截面处以及端部连接处出现多处裂缝，说明阻尼器实现了多截面屈服，塑性分布更广泛、更均匀。试件LYP-A-1开始出现裂缝时的剪切位移分别为32 mm。
试件LYP-A-1的滞回曲线和骨架曲线如图10（a）、（b）所示。可以看出试件LYP-A-1的滞回曲线总体上比较饱满、稳定，直至最终破坏之前试件的承载力几乎没有下降，表明阻尼器具有良好的承载能力；由于加载装置中的加载板孔洞与阻尼器中间加载段存在间隙以方便安装阻尼器，该间隙使滞回环出现了滑移段；因为LYP160钢的循环硬化特点[17]，使滞回环出现一定程度的先捏缩后二次强化现象。由骨架曲线可以看出骨架曲线呈S形，试件在屈服后骨架曲线继续上升且仅在最后两加载级出现承载力下降，说明LYP-DHSD具有良好的承载力和变形能力，表现出较好的延性。
根据JGJ 297—2013《建筑消能减震技术规程》[18]对位移相关型阻尼器的规定，在阻尼器设计位移幅值下往复循环30次后，其主要设计指标误差和衰减量不应超过15%，且不应有明显的低周疲劳现象。试件LYP-A-2在设计位移（22 mm）下的疲劳测试结果见图10（c）。由图可见，试件LYP-A-2在设计位移下循环加载30次后，承载力没有下降，滞回环基本重合。试件LYP-A-2在疲劳加载过程中各圈的阻尼力见表4。由表可知，试件各圈阻尼力与平均值最大误差小于15%。因此，LYP-DHSD满足规范对阻尼器疲劳性能的要求。
4　有限元分析模型建立及验证
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4.1　有限元模型建立
在ABAQUS中采用C3D8R实体单元建立LYP-DHSD试件的精细化有限元模型，整个有限元模型分为两部分，即LYP-DHSD与加载装置，如图11所示。为提高模型计算效率，简化端部约束和加载端，焊接连接则约束连接段各个方向的自由度，如图11（b）所示。建立中部加载段处的加载板，并在加载板施加循环往复剪切位移。由于试验过程中LYP-DHSD的塑性变形较大而加载装置处于弹性，因此LYP-DHSD和加载装置的网格尺寸分别为4、8 mm，网格划分如图12所示。LYP-DHSD与中间加载板之间的接触类型采用面-面接触，为了与试验加载条件一致，有限元模型中阻尼器的加载段与加载板中间留有0.6 mm间隙，在中部加载板上耦合一个参考点，将低周往复剪切位移施加于参考点上，加载点在加载方向可以自由运动，其他方向自由度均被约束。考虑到加载装置在试验过程中处于弹性状态，故Q355钢仅考虑弹性，LYP160钢采用混合强化模型以更准确模拟低屈服点钢的非线性行为[19-20]，具体数据如表5所示。
4.2　有限元分析与试验结果对比
按照试验的滞回加载制度对试件LYP-A-1有限元模型施加循环剪切位移，由有限元计算得到的曲线与试验结果的对比见图13。有限元计算得到的滞回曲线变化趋势与试验曲线较为接近，但滞回环的捏缩比试验曲线更明显，原因在于试验试件出现裂缝后导致低屈服点钢的循环硬化无法充分发挥，有限元模型由于不考虑断裂，比试验试件更理想，低屈服点钢的循环硬化发挥更充分，因此有限元模型滞回环的捏缩和二次强化现象更明显。有限元计算得到的骨架曲线与试验曲线基本重合，弹性刚度和最大承载力有限元计算值分别比试验值高1.3%和1.0%。总体上看，有限元计算得到的曲线与试验曲线较为接近。图14为有限元模型等效塑性应变云图与试件破坏形态的对比，有限元与试验结果较为一致。总体上看，有限元分析结果与试验结果较为接近，本文提出的有限元建模方法可用于后续的数值分析。
5　参数分析
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5.1　参数选取
以试件LYP-A-1有限元模型为基础（Base模型），选择LYP-DHSD的外径、内径、等截面平直段为研究参数，通过与试验相同的滞回加载制度对各模型施加循环剪切位移，研究以上各参数对LYP-DHSD剪切力学性能的影响，各有限元模型的设计参数见表6，其中De系列模型研究内径的影响，Di系列模型研究外径的影响，Lz系列模型研究沙漏型中部连接段长度的影响。
5.2　有限元模型计算结果与分析
5.2.1　滞回曲线
各模型的滞回曲线见图15，所有模型的滞回环比较饱满，表现出较好的耗能能力，对比各系列模型滞回曲线可以发现：由于LYP160循环硬化的特点，所有滞回曲线经历了明显的二次硬化现象，即承载力先降低后增高；改变各参数对LYP-DHSD滞回环的包络面积均有不同程度的影响，其中改变外径和内径的影响最显著，滞回环包络面积随阻尼器外径和内径的增大而显著增大，相较于De系列模型外径的改变与Di系列模型内径的改变对滞回曲线包络面积的影响，Lz系列模型中沙漏连接段长度的改变对滞回曲线包络面积影响不大。
5.2.2　骨架曲线
各模型骨架曲线如图16所示。由骨架曲线得到的各模型弹性刚度Ki、屈服承载力Fy和极限承载力Fu、屈服位移Δy、极限位移Δu延性μ及超强系数Ω见表7。对比可以发现：①增加外径De和内径Di会显著提升阻尼器的弹性刚度和承载力，其中模型De50的弹性刚度较模型De30提升2.1倍，模型Di30屈服承载力和极限承载力分别是模型Di10的7.3倍和5.4倍；②阻尼器的弹性刚度和承载力大致随沙漏段中部长度Lz的增大呈减小趋势，Lz50的弹性刚度与极限承载力相较于Lz10下降37%、20%；③相较于沙漏段中部长度Lz，改变阻尼器外径内径对LYP-DHSD弹性刚度和承载力的影响更显著；④将极限承载力Fu与屈服承载力Fy的比值定义为LYP-DHSD的超强系数Ω（Ω=Fu/Fy），它衡量了LYP-DHSD的抗塑性变形能力，可以发现：Ω随De、Di、Lz增大而减小，所有模型的平均超强系数为3.17，表明LYP-DHSD具有良好的承载能力。
5.2.3　刚度退化
采用每一级荷载作用下滞回环峰值点的割线刚度Kj研究各模型的刚度退化规律，Kj的计算如式（9）所示：
式中：为第j级加载时，第i次循环的峰值点荷载；为第j级加载时，第i次循环的峰值点荷载；n为荷载的循环次数。
图17为通过式（9）计算得到的各模型刚度退化曲线。由图可知：①各模型刚度均呈现相同的退化趋势，在模型刚进入弹塑性阶段时刚度退化幅度较大，随着加载位移的增加刚度退化速度逐渐减缓；②改变内径尺寸对LYP-DHSD初始刚度影响较大，随着内径增大，LYP-DHSD初始刚度增大，模型Di30的初始刚度是Di10的6.8倍；③改变外径尺寸和等截面平直段长度对LYP-DHSD影响不明显，在De以及Lz系列模型中，各模型初始刚度变化幅度在40%左右，刚度退化曲线也基本重合。
5.2.4　耗能能力
采用等效黏滞阻尼系数和耗能量评价LYP-DHSD的耗能能力，对比图18可知：①De、Di对模型的耗能影响较大，呈正相关。而Lz影响较小，呈负相关。以Ec为例，模型的累积总耗能量呈现出指数增长的趋势，其中模型De50的Ec值较模型De30增长了107%，模型Di30的Ec值较模型Di10增长了575%，模型Lz50的Ec值则较Lz10下降了27%；②模型单圈滞回耗能随着加载圈数的增大而增大，且呈现出线性增长的趋势，在最后一圈中，De50的Ed相较De30提升101%。Di30的Ed相较Di10提升了807%，Lz10的Ed相较Lz50提升46%；③由图18（c）可知，De、Lz系列模型变化曲线大致相同，而且最终基本稳定在0.4以上，有着稳定的耗能能力，而Di系列模型的等效黏滞阻尼系数受改变内径影响较大。总体上看，LYP-DHSD具有较为稳定的耗能能力。
5.2.5　耗能段塑性变形能力
各模型的等效塑性应变云图见图19，由于加载装置为弹性，因此仅分析LYP-DHSD的塑性变形。由各模型的等效塑性应变分布云图可知，LYP-DHSD通过沙漏耗能段发生塑性变形耗散能量；增大De使塑性变形较大的区域从耗能段端部向中部移动，并且塑性分布区域的大小呈先增大后减小趋势，当De为40 mm时，塑性损伤在阻尼器长度方向分布更广泛，可以使阻尼器整个耗能区域充分地发展塑性和耗能；增大Di使塑性变形较大的区域从耗能段中部向端部移动，塑性分布区分布范围呈先增大后减小趋势，当Di为20 mm时，阻尼器的耗能段塑性发展更充分；由于模型的塑性损伤区域主要分布在等截面平直段两侧，因此改变Lz取值可以实现对LYP-DHSD塑性区域分布位置的调整，此外，由于等截面平直段本身为圆柱形，自身刚度受到其直径（外径Di）和长度Lz的共同影响，当其抗剪和抗弯刚度不足时，等截面平直段也会发生弯曲从而不利于耗能段的塑性发展。
综合本文参数分析结果，增大De和Di可以明显提高LYP-DHSD的承载力、刚度和耗能能力，增大Lz则反之。变化De、Di会对塑性损伤在耗能段的分布和塑性发展程度产生显著影响。因此，为保证LYP-DHSD在剪切位移下具有良好的滞回耗能能力，基于本文的有限元分析结果，建议Di/De取0.375~0.625。Lz作为调节刚度和LYP-DHSD塑性区域分布位置的影响参数，由综合本文分析，建议Lz/Di取1~2。
6　结论
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不同于以往的金属棒体阻尼器研究，本文结合低屈服点钢材LYP160与锥形钢棒阻尼器，提出了一种带有等截面平直段的双沙漏型阻尼器LYP-DHSD，并设计了2个LYP-DHSD试件，通过对LYP-DHSD进行滞回加载和疲劳加载，研究了LYP-DHSD在循环剪切位移下的破坏模式、承载力、耗能能力和疲劳性能等，在ABAQUS中建立了15个LYP-DHSD的精细化有限元模型，研究外径、内径、等截面平直段长度对LYP-DHSD的滞回性能的影响规律，得出如下主要结论：
1）LYP-DHSD在循环剪切变形作用下滞回曲线饱满稳定，在破坏时承载力几乎没有下降，但由于循环硬化特点，LYP-DHSD滞回环出现了一定程度的捏缩和二次强化特性，LYP-DHSD的等效黏滞阻尼系数均随着加载位移的增大而增大，并且在达到设计位移前能够稳定在0.4以上，表明LYP-DHSD具有稳定和持久的耗能能力，在超出设计位移时，依然具有良好的变形能力和耗能能力。在30圈设计位移的疲劳加载过程中，LYP-DHSD的滞回环几乎重合，LYP-DHSD各圈阻尼力与平均值最大误差小于15%，表明LYP-DHSD能满足规范的疲劳性能要求。
2）柱体等截面平直段内的钢棒在满足抗剪和抗弯刚度足够时，等截面平直段在LYP-DHSD受力时处于弹性状态，从而使阻尼器的塑性耗能区域分布在柱体平直段两侧，通过改变柱体等截面平直段的长度Lz取值可以实现对LYP-DHSD塑性区域分布位置的调整，使得阻尼器可以实现多截面屈服，塑性分布更广泛、更均匀，有效避免了阻尼器屈服位置过于集中的问题。
3）由参数分析可知，增大阻尼器外径De和内径Di会显著提高LYP-DHSD的承载力、刚度与耗能能力，其中内径Di的影响更显著；增大等截面平直段长度Lz总体上会降低LYP-DHSD剪切力学性能；增大外径De、内径Di使阻尼器的塑性发展程度先增大后减小。基于本文的参数分析结果，建议Di/De取0.375~0.625，Lz/Di取1~2。
基金
收起
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52078411)
  • 陕西省创新能力支撑计划-青年科技新星项目(2022KJXX-47)
  • 陕西省教育厅青年创新团队科研计划项目(22JP041)
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2024年第44卷第6期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0606
  • 接收时间：2023-10-09
  • 首发时间：2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期：2023-10-09
  • 修回日期：2023-12-05
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52078411)
陕西省创新能力支撑计划-青年科技新星项目(2022KJXX-47)
陕西省教育厅青年创新团队科研计划项目(22JP041)
作者信息
    1.西安建筑科技大学 土木工程学院，陕西 西安 710055
    2.西安建筑科技大学 结构工程与抗震教育部重点实验室，陕西 西安 710055
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Number of
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Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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