Article(id=1245390262290203011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390255516397762, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0516, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1689782400000, receivedDateStr=2023-07-20, revisedDate=1698336000000, revisedDateStr=2023-10-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853776761, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853776761, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853776761, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853776761, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390255516397762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='231', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853775147, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854426342, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392986884911753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390255516397762, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392986889106058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390255516397762, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=167, endPage=175, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390262554444177, articleId=1245390262290203011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Reasonable value and layout optimization of displacement amplification coefficient for toggle-brace-dampers system, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

For super high-rise shear wall structures with large stiffness and small inter-story displacements, the viscous dampers are arranged in the refuge floors using toggle-brace-dampers , and there are still deficiencies in the value of the amplification coefficient and the arrangement. The toggle-brace-damper is a displacement amplification device, which improves the energy dissipation capacity of the damper by amplifying the axial travel of the damper. From the perspective of geometric analysis, the structural of the reverse toggle-brace-damper vibration mitigation efficiency and arrangement optimization are explored: The analytical equation for the maximum displacement of the damper axis of the reversed device is derived, and the dynamic response of the structure under the device with different arrangement heights and different amplification factors is compared. When the arranged frame span is too large, the dynamic response of the structure before and after the setup is compared by setting up the device of the overhanging truss. The results show that the efficiency of the toggle-brace-dampers system is related to the height and span of the arranged frame, and the theoretical amplification coefficient determined according to the angle is not proportional to the vibration mitigation efficiency of the structure. The structural vibration mitigation efficiency is higher after the optimized arrangement than the original arrangement. The optimized scheme has been verified in actual projects, i.e., a reasonable selection of the amplification factor and arrangement can improve the additional damping ratio of the structure to a greater extent.

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针对刚度较大、层间位移较小的超高层剪力墙结构,黏滞阻尼器采用套索布置在避难层中,其放大系数的取值和布置方式仍存在不足。套索连接是位移放大装置,通过放大阻尼器轴向行程来提高阻尼器的耗能能力。从几何分析的角度出发,对反向套索连接阻尼器的结构减振率和布置优化进行探讨:推导了反向套索连接阻尼器轴线最大位移的解析式,对比不同布置高度、不同放大系数的套索连接下结构的动力响应。当布置框架跨度过大时,通过设置悬挑桁架的反向套索连接,对比设置前后结构的动力响应。研究结果表明:套索系统效率与布置框架的高度、跨度有关,按角度确定的理论放大系数与结构减振率并不成正比。与原方案布置相比,优化布置后的结构减振率更高。优化方案在实际工程中均得到验证,即合理选取套索放大系数和布置方式能更大化地提高结构的附加阻尼比。

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郑久建(1970—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事工程抗震研究。E-mail:
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郭罗灿(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事高层建筑被动控制研究。E-mail:

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郭罗灿(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事高层建筑被动控制研究。E-mail:

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郭罗灿(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事高层建筑被动控制研究。E-mail:

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The study of optimal arrangement form of outrigger trusses with viscous dampers[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2016, 36(1): 68-76. (in Chinese), articleTitle=The study of optimal arrangement form of outrigger trusses with viscous dampers, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390278291472592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=69, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=33, authorNames=韩庆华, 郭凡夫, 刘铭劼, journalName=地震工程与工程振动, refType=null, unstructuredReference=韩庆华,郭凡夫,刘铭劼,. 单层网壳竖向激励下多维减振阻尼器布置研究[J]. 地震工程与工程振动202343(2):69-80., articleTitle=单层网壳竖向激励下多维减振阻尼器布置研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390278375358674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=43, issue=2, pageStart=69, pageEnd=80, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=34, authorNames=HAN Qinghua, GUO Fanfu, LIU Mingjie, journalName=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HAN Qinghua, GUO Fanfu, LIU Mingjie, et al. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Study on the layout of multi-dimensional vibration control damper in single-layer latticed shells under vertical excitation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390278471827668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=49, issue=19, pageStart=33, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=35, authorNames=周云, 商城豪, 张超, journalName=建筑结构, refType=null, unstructuredReference=周云,商城豪,张超. 消能减震技术研究与应用进展[J]. 建筑结构201949(19):33-48., articleTitle=消能减震技术研究与应用进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390278559908054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2019, volume=49, issue=19, pageStart=33, pageEnd=48, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=ZHOU Yun, SHANG Chenghao, ZHANG Chao, journalName=Building Structure, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHOU Yun, SHANG Chenghao, ZHANG Chao. Progress in research and application of energy-dissipated technology[J]. Building Structure, 2019, 49(19): 33-48. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Progress in research and application of energy-dissipated technology, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390278652182743, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=53, issue=22, pageStart=60, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=37, authorNames=李文斌, 张琳, 张帆, journalName=建筑结构, refType=null, unstructuredReference=李文斌,张琳,张帆. 深圳某240 m超高层住宅风振舒适度控制及敏感性分析[J]. 建筑结构202353(22):60-66., articleTitle=深圳某240 m超高层住宅风振舒适度控制及敏感性分析, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390278757040343, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=53, issue=22, pageStart=60, pageEnd=66, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=LI Wenbin, ZHANG Lin, ZHANG Fan, journalName=Building Structure, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LI Wenbin, ZHANG Lin, ZHANG Fan. Wind vibration comfort control and sensitivity analysis of a 240-meter super high-rise residential building in Shenzhen[J]. Building Structure, 2023, 53(22): 60-66. 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Comparison of angular acceleration of the No.1 building under a 10-year wind load

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
角点及平均值加速度/(m/s2
无控对角减振率/%人字型减振率/%1.5倍套索减振率/%2.0倍套索减振率/%3.0倍套索减振率/%
角点10.220.1912.160.1820.260.1531.740.1820.650.209.93
角点20.230.2013.170.1821.310.1533.160.1822.400.2011.33
角点30.230.1913.780.1822.020.1533.770.1723.090.2011.97
角点40.220.1914.350.1722.830.1534.000.1723.240.2012.52
平均值0.220.1913.370.1821.600.1533.170.1722.350.2011.44
), ArticleFig(id=1245390274055225474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

建筑1在10 a一遇风荷载下的角点加速度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
角点及平均值加速度/(m/s2
无控对角减振率/%人字型减振率/%1.5倍套索减振率/%2.0倍套索减振率/%3.0倍套索减振率/%
角点10.220.1912.160.1820.260.1531.740.1820.650.209.93
角点20.230.2013.170.1821.310.1533.160.1822.400.2011.33
角点30.230.1913.780.1822.020.1533.770.1723.090.2011.97
角点40.220.1914.350.1722.830.1534.000.1723.240.2012.52
平均值0.220.1913.370.1821.600.1533.170.1722.350.2011.44
), ArticleFig(id=1245390274210414727, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of angular acceleration of the No.2 building under a 10-year wind load

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
角点及平均值加速度/(m/s2
无控对角减振率/%人字型减振率/%2.0倍套索减振率/%3.0倍套索减振率/%4.0倍套索减振率/%
角点10.180.177.850.1611.020.1424.280.1230.800.1328.76
角点20.150.146.400.139.010.1221.220.1127.700.1125.28
角点30.180.167.720.1610.830.1324.010.1230.500.1328.47
平均值0.170.167.380.1510.360.1323.290.1229.790.1227.64
), ArticleFig(id=1245390274302689419, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

建筑2在10 a一遇风荷载下的角点加速度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
角点及平均值加速度/(m/s2
无控对角减振率/%人字型减振率/%2.0倍套索减振率/%3.0倍套索减振率/%4.0倍套索减振率/%
角点10.180.177.850.1611.020.1424.280.1230.800.1328.76
角点20.150.146.400.139.010.1221.220.1127.700.1125.28
角点30.180.167.720.1610.830.1324.010.1230.500.1328.47
平均值0.170.167.380.1510.360.1323.290.1229.790.1227.64
), ArticleFig(id=1245390274390769804, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of schemes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案对比连接方式避难层高度/m放大系数f
方案1对角4.2cosθ
人字型4.21.0
反向套索4.21.5
4.22.0
4.23.0
方案2反向套索4.21.5
4.51.5
4.81.5
), ArticleFig(id=1245390274478850193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

方案对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方案对比连接方式避难层高度/m放大系数f
方案1对角4.2cosθ
人字型4.21.0
反向套索4.21.5
4.22.0
4.23.0
方案2反向套索4.21.5
4.51.5
4.81.5
), ArticleFig(id=1245390274608873618, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Additional damping ratio of the structure under 10 years of wind load

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减振结构耗能黏滞阻尼器不同布置方式
对角连接人字型连接1.5倍套索连接2倍套索连接3倍套索连接
阻尼器耗能/(kN•m)1732414499104121395718293
模态耗能/(kN•m)382265961024968292669
附加阻尼比计算/%0.440.911.970.980.29
), ArticleFig(id=1245390274701148310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

10 a一遇风荷载作用下结构附加阻尼比

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减振结构耗能黏滞阻尼器不同布置方式
对角连接人字型连接1.5倍套索连接2倍套索连接3倍套索连接
阻尼器耗能/(kN•m)1732414499104121395718293
模态耗能/(kN•m)382265961024968292669
附加阻尼比计算/%0.440.911.970.980.29
), ArticleFig(id=1245390274801811608, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of angle-combined acceleration under scheme 2

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角点及平均值加速度/(m/s2
无控H=4.2 m减振率/%H=4.5 m减振率/%H=4.8 m减振率/%
角点10.220.1531.70.1912.30.2011.1
角点20.230.1533.20.2013.50.2012.5
角点30.230.1533.80.1914.20.2013.2
角点40.220.1534.00.1915.30.1913.8
平均值0.220.1533.170.1913.830.2012.66
), ArticleFig(id=1245390274969583769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390262290203011, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

方案2角点合加速度对比

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角点及平均值加速度/(m/s2
无控H=4.2 m减振率/%H=4.5 m减振率/%H=4.8 m减振率/%
角点10.220.1531.70.1912.30.2011.1
角点20.230.1533.20.2013.50.2012.5
角点30.230.1533.80.1914.20.2013.2
角点40.220.1534.00.1915.30.1913.8
平均值0.220.1533.170.1913.830.2012.66
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套索式黏滞阻尼器位移放大系数合理取值和布置优化
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郭罗灿 1 , 李文斌 2 , 陈永祁 3 , 赵大海 1 , 马良喆 3 , 张帆 2 , 郑久建 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(5): 167-175
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(5): 167-175
套索式黏滞阻尼器位移放大系数合理取值和布置优化
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郭罗灿1 , 李文斌2, 陈永祁3, 赵大海1, 马良喆3, 张帆2, 郑久建1
作者信息
  • 1.燕山大学 建筑工程与力学学院,河北 秦皇岛 006004
  • 2.深圳市华阳国际工程设计股份有限公司,深圳 518000
  • 3.北京奇太振控科技发展有限公司,北京 100037
  • 郭罗灿(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事高层建筑被动控制研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

郑久建(1970—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事工程抗震研究。E-mail:
Reasonable value and layout optimization of displacement amplification coefficient for toggle-brace-dampers system
Luocan GUO1 , Wenbin LI2, Yongqi CHEN3, Dahai ZHAO1, Liangzhe MA3, Fan ZHANG2, Jiujian ZHENG1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Construction Engineering and Mechanics,Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 006004, China
  • 2.Huayang International Engineering Design Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518000, China
  • 3.Beijing Qitai Shock Control and Scientific Development Co.,Ltd., Beijing 100037, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0516
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针对刚度较大、层间位移较小的超高层剪力墙结构,黏滞阻尼器采用套索布置在避难层中,其放大系数的取值和布置方式仍存在不足。套索连接是位移放大装置,通过放大阻尼器轴向行程来提高阻尼器的耗能能力。从几何分析的角度出发,对反向套索连接阻尼器的结构减振率和布置优化进行探讨:推导了反向套索连接阻尼器轴线最大位移的解析式,对比不同布置高度、不同放大系数的套索连接下结构的动力响应。当布置框架跨度过大时,通过设置悬挑桁架的反向套索连接,对比设置前后结构的动力响应。研究结果表明:套索系统效率与布置框架的高度、跨度有关,按角度确定的理论放大系数与结构减振率并不成正比。与原方案布置相比,优化布置后的结构减振率更高。优化方案在实际工程中均得到验证,即合理选取套索放大系数和布置方式能更大化地提高结构的附加阻尼比。

超高层结构  /  黏滞阻尼器  /  放大系数  /  套索式安装  /  附加阻尼比

For super high-rise shear wall structures with large stiffness and small inter-story displacements, the viscous dampers are arranged in the refuge floors using toggle-brace-dampers , and there are still deficiencies in the value of the amplification coefficient and the arrangement. The toggle-brace-damper is a displacement amplification device, which improves the energy dissipation capacity of the damper by amplifying the axial travel of the damper. From the perspective of geometric analysis, the structural of the reverse toggle-brace-damper vibration mitigation efficiency and arrangement optimization are explored: The analytical equation for the maximum displacement of the damper axis of the reversed device is derived, and the dynamic response of the structure under the device with different arrangement heights and different amplification factors is compared. When the arranged frame span is too large, the dynamic response of the structure before and after the setup is compared by setting up the device of the overhanging truss. The results show that the efficiency of the toggle-brace-dampers system is related to the height and span of the arranged frame, and the theoretical amplification coefficient determined according to the angle is not proportional to the vibration mitigation efficiency of the structure. The structural vibration mitigation efficiency is higher after the optimized arrangement than the original arrangement. The optimized scheme has been verified in actual projects, i.e., a reasonable selection of the amplification factor and arrangement can improve the additional damping ratio of the structure to a greater extent.

super high-rise structure  /  viscous dampers  /  amplification factor  /  toggle-brace-system  /  additional damping ratio
郭罗灿, 李文斌, 陈永祁, 赵大海, 马良喆, 张帆, 郑久建. 套索式黏滞阻尼器位移放大系数合理取值和布置优化. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (5) : 167 -175 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0516
Luocan GUO, Wenbin LI, Yongqi CHEN, Dahai ZHAO, Liangzhe MA, Fan ZHANG, Jiujian ZHENG. Reasonable value and layout optimization of displacement amplification coefficient for toggle-brace-dampers system[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (5) : 167 -175 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0516
通常,结构控制方式包括主动控制、被动控制、半主动控制和混合控制[1]。结构安装阻尼器耗能是被动控制的重要方式之一。目前,调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)、调谐液体阻尼器(tuned liquid damper,TLD)和液体黏滞阻尼器(fluid viscous damper,FVD)常被用于抑制超高层结构风致振动或地震响应。由于建筑隔墙与主体结构连接方式等因素,造成超高层结构自振实测周期与理论周期差异较大,故采用TMD抑制超高层结构风致振动和地震响应存在不足。与TMD相比,直接安装黏滞阻尼器在结构避难层中,降低了结构对频率的敏感度,且工作期间的维护以及地震后的恢复都较便捷[2]
剪力墙结构刚度较大,黏滞阻尼器通过位移放大装置布置,能够有效解决层间变形较小的问题。HWANG等[3]针对层间相对位移较小、刚度较大的混凝土结构,采用肘节式放大装置布置黏滞阻尼器,分析结构的耗能,表明黏滞阻尼器对结构减振起到较好的作用。CONSTANTINOU等[4]通过振动台试验,分析肘节式放大装置的效率。试验结果表明,对于层间相对位移较小的刚性结构,肘节式放大装置能有效提高结构的附加阻尼比。HUANG[5]考虑支撑杆的弹性变形,改进了套索连接装置的数学模型,并对某39层办公楼进行数值计算,结果表明支撑杆的刚度对于套索连接放大效率较为敏感。
国内外对于该装置的试验研究较多。HWANG等[6]通过振动台试验,对比了套索、对角安装阻尼器和无控下3层钢结构模型的地震响应,结果表明销轴连接中存在的间隙会降低结构的附加阻尼比。ZHANG等[7]通过试验对比了不同肘节式放大装置的控制效果,试验结果表明上部支撑肘节式放大系数和理论分析结果基本一致,且放大系数随荷载变化而发生变化,并强调安装过程中避免发生平面外过大偏心。虽然也有学者对该放大装置进行优化[8-9],但是套索放大装置还存在以下不足:放大系数的不合理取值;布置跨度过长时,支撑杆弹性变形对系统影响较大。
为了合理化采用套索连接布置阻尼器,本文主要针对反向套索连接放大系数取值和布置方式进行探讨。基于套索连接几何关系,推导反向套索连接阻尼器轴向最大位移的解析式,讨论了套索位移放大系数和结构减振率的关系,对放大系数的取值进行优化;同时考虑过大布置跨度时,支撑杆弹性变形对放大作用的不利影响,提出优化布置方式。
对于刚度较大的钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙结构,布置在变形较小的柱间会使阻尼器耗能效率降低。而采用套索式布置的阻尼器,能提高其耗能能力。其中反向套索式放大系数的解析式由CONSTANTINOU等[4]推导,套索连接示意图如图1所示,传力图如图2所示。
阻尼器轴线相对位移由式(1)求解:
式中:uD为沿阻尼器轴线的相对位移;u为框架的相对变形;f为位移放大系数。
同理,沿阻尼器轴向方向的阻尼力FD与作用在框架外力F的关系为
忽略支撑杆的弹性变形,阻尼器轴线方向的相对位移由式(3)求解:
式中:h为框架高度;l为框架跨度;l1l2分别为上支撑杆和下支撑杆的长度;θ1θ2分别为上支撑杆与l的夹角、下支撑杆和柱子的夹角;α为阻尼器与支撑杆l2连接点到柱节点的长度和l2的比值,当3个节点相交于一点时,α = 1,如图2所示;φ为框架发生变形时支撑杆转动的角度。
其中:
图1可引入hl与角度的关系式为
联立方程组,可得l1
引入变量udmaxudmax表示阻尼器轴线方向最大位移,由不等式,则式(3)可改写为
由式(5)~式(7)可得udmaxhl的复杂非线性关系。由于φ相对较小,通过简化计算,仅保留h的二次项、线性项和l的线性项,简化后的udmax阻尼器轴线方向最大位移解析式为
式中:ABCDEθ1θ2确定,表达式分别为
由式(8)可知,当θ1θ2u确定时,ABCDE为定值,则阻尼器轴线方向最大位移udmax取决于变量hl。文献[4]提及θ1θ2之和为90°时阻尼器放大效果最佳。为了探讨框架高度h、跨度l和阻尼器轴线方向最大位移udmax的变化规律,故给定α=1、θ1=40°、θ2=50°、u=0.000 413 m,分析阻尼器最大位移随框架跨度、高度的变化规律,如图3图4所示。
图3可知,当框架高度一定时,阻尼器布置跨度越小,其轴向最大行程越小,甚至出现负值;由图4可知,当框架跨度一定时,阻尼器轴线最大位移和框架高度关系曲线为“凸”。阻尼器最大位移随着框架高度的增大而增大,随后达到极大值。由于理论位移放大系数取决于阻尼器轴线位移和框架的相对变形,故套索系统理论放大系数与系统效率并不成正比,而是越接近阻尼器最大位移曲线时,放大效果越佳。
给定布置框架的跨度l=4 m,以及θ2 =50°、u=0.000413 m,分析udmaxfmaxhθ1的变化规律,如图5图6所示。由分析结果可知,阻尼器最大位移和位移最大放大系数随hθ1的增大而减小,甚至会出现负值。这表明黏滞阻尼器套索布置在结构框架中,hθ1对系统的放大效率较敏感。
随着建筑行业的不断发展,应用于高层建筑的黏滞阻尼器既需抗风又能抗震,这对阻尼器的设计、制造和产品的检测都提出了较高的要求[10]。本文案例采用ETABS建立模型,根据JCJ 297—2013《建筑消能减震技术规程》[11],速度型黏滞阻尼器宜采用Maxwell模型。黏滞阻尼器在国内外实际超高层建筑应用较广泛[12],其中国内首个使用套索布置黏滞阻尼器的案例是天津国贸金融中心[13],故本文所采用的案例均为超高层建筑。
1)建筑1为位于深圳的某钢筋混凝土剪力墙超高层住宅,建筑总高度199.75 m,地下3层,地上60层,其中避难层高度为4.2 m,分别位于建筑模型的第19层,第35层,第51层。10 a一遇风荷载作用下结构的顶层角点加速度超过了JGJ 3—2010《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》[14]中0.15 m/s2的限值,拟在该结构每层避难层套索方式安装7套黏滞阻尼器,阻尼器参数为1600 kN/(m/s)0.3,速度指数α为0.3。
2)建筑2为位于深圳的某剪力墙超高层住宅,建筑高度245.65 m,地上77层,地下4层;拟在3个避难层套索式安装黏滞阻尼器,共21套,阻尼器参数为C=1600 kN/(m/s)0.3α=0.3。
风时程数据通过风洞试验获得,采用时程积分法,计算结构风荷载作用下的动力响应。加速度是衡量结构舒适度要求的重要指标,采用2.5倍均方根计算角点加速度的结果如表1表2所示。
表1表2可知,通过对比阻尼器不同布置方式的结构风致加速度,结果表明建筑1和建筑2较优布置方案分别是:套索1.5倍(放大系数为1.5倍)和3.0倍。建筑1和建筑2的主要区别是:建筑2阻尼器布置框架的跨度较大,理论分析对应的较优放大系数更大,理论和模型计算相对应。故套索放大系数的取值与结构减振率并非成正比,而是越接近最大放大系数曲线时,减振效果越明显。
多遇地震作用下,阻尼器不同布置方式的结构层间位移角减振变化规律与上述一致,建筑1、建筑2分别采用套索1.5倍、3.0倍布置阻尼器时结构减振最优,其中建筑1层间位移角最大减振率为6%,建筑2层间位移角最大减振率为8%。结果显示,结构在地震和风荷载作用下的阻尼器的减振优化参数一致。
为了分析不同布置高度和跨度对套索系统效率的影响,表3为阻尼器不同布置方案对比,方案1是阻尼器分别按对角、人字型和不同放大系数套索方式布置;方案2是套索放大系数一定,改变避难层高度。考虑文章的篇幅,后续主要对建筑1进行分析。
1)层间位移角
层间位移角能反映结构在风荷载和地震作用下结构的动力响应,图7仅对比了10 a一遇风荷载作用下结构层间位移角。
图7可知,阻尼器采用1.5倍放大系数套索布置时,结构减振率最佳,减振效果依次为2.0倍放大系数套索连接、人字型连接、对角连接和3.0倍放大系数套索连接。与无控相比,当阻尼器采用1.5倍放大系数布置时,10 a一遇风荷载作用下结构XY方向层间位移角平均减振率分别为34.64%、26.96%。而中震作用下结构XY方向层间位移角平均减振率分别为4.0%、4.8%;大震作用下结构XY方向层间位移角平均减振率分别为2.5%、3.3%。由此可知,当支撑刚度一定时,套索连接放大系数与结构减振率不成正比。随着阻尼器放大率增大,系统支撑的刚度相对阻尼器的缺失刚度在逐渐降低,造成其弹性变形增大,阻尼器的放大率被高估。
2)附加阻尼比计算
附加阻尼比反映阻尼器的耗能能力。不同减振方式对应不同附加阻尼比计算方法[15],速度型阻尼器的附加阻尼比可以通过结构响应、能量法[16]、功率法[17]、规范法和基于楼层剪力[18]等方法计算。在ETABS使用非线性时程分析时,可以直接提取结构的模态阻尼耗能和阻尼器耗能,能量法计算公式为
式中:Ed为阻尼器阻尼耗能;E0为模态耗能;ξ0为模态阻尼比,此处ξ0 =0.02。
10 a一遇风荷载作用下结构附加阻尼比如表4所示。由分析结果可知,当10 a一遇风荷载作用下,阻尼器采用1.5倍套索布置时,对应的结构附加阻尼比最大,高达1.97%,而过大的套索放大倍数对应的附加阻尼比反而较小,这说明套索放大系数的取值与布置跨度有关。
通过上述分析,阻尼器采用1.5倍套索布置时,结构减振效果最优。方案2为阻尼器布置在不同高度避难层时,分析外荷载作用下结构的动力响应。
1)角点合加速度
选取结构模型顶层的4个角点作为控制点,角点加速度计算结果如表5所示,此处忽略了改变层高而带来控制点标高的差异。
表5可知,给定套索连接放大系数,较小的避难层高度对应的结构角点合加速度控制效果越好。4.2 m避难层高度对应的结构角点加速度由0.22 m/s2控制到0.15 m/s2,减振率为33.17%。由图4可知,当框架布置跨度不变时,框架高度增加到某个值出现阻尼器轴向最大位移极值点,极值点右侧表示阻尼器轴向最大位移随框架的高度增加而减小,上述计算结果与其变化规律相符合。
2)层间位移角
层间位移角是外荷载作用下结构响应的重要指标之一。图8对比了10 a一遇风荷载,不同避难层高度对应结构的层间位移角。由图8可知,当黏滞阻尼器布置在不同避难层高度时,风荷载作用下结构层间位移角均有所控制,减振率由高到低依次为H=4.2 m、H=4.5 m、H=4.8 m。而中震作用下,结构层间位移角减振率由高到低依次为H=4.2 m、H=4.8 m、H=4.5 m;而大震作用下避难层高度取值4.8 m时,对应的结构Y方向的层间位移角平均减振率最高,为3.8%。较风荷载而言,罕遇地震作用是高频率荷载激励,这说明套索系统的效率和激励荷载频率有关。
3)附加阻尼比计算
采用能量法计算结构10 a一遇风荷载作用下的附加阻尼器比,结果表明,10 a一遇风荷载作用,避难层高度为4.2 m时,结构的附加阻尼比最大,说明此时阻尼器耗能能力最佳。
由上述分析可知,当阻尼器采用大跨度套索布置时,阻尼器支撑杆的弹性变形不可忽略。而公式推导过程中,忽略了支撑杆的弹性变形,那么实际套索系统的效率偏低。很多学者对阻尼器的布置进行了优化[19-21],其中周云等[22]提出了耗能减震层高层结构体系,将“消能器+支撑”取代了传统的肘节式支撑。该布置方式主要是通过设置悬挑桁架来减少支撑杆的长度,从而减少支撑杆弹性变形对套索系统的影响。
深圳深业世纪山谷花园主体结构高度为240.45 m,为超高层剪力墙结构体系。结构减振原方案为在第27、41、54层3个避难层中套索布置黏滞阻尼器,其中每层13套,共39套,阻尼器参数:C=4 000 kN/(m/s)0.4α=0.4[23]。新方案采用优化的反向套索连接,设置悬挑桁架长度为框架跨度的一半,2个方案均采用2.5倍放大系数。
对比风振舒适度的计算结果,新方案布置下结构角点加速度减振率比原方案高,增长最高达22%,故对于大跨度布置框架,布置优化后的方案抗风效果更佳。当风荷载和中震作用时,不同布置方案对应的结构层间位移角对比如图9所示。
图9可知,与传统反向套索相比,采用新方案布置阻尼器时结构层间位移角减振效果更显著。10 a一遇风荷载作用下,新方案布置的结构X方向层间位移角平均减振率由23.37%增加到61.59%;中震作用下,新方案布置的结构X方向层间位移角平均减振率由3.46%增加28.16%。系统支撑杆件的增加,会带来钢用量的增加,故需要同时考虑减振率和经济性。总而言之,对于大跨度的减振布置,优化后的结构减振效果比原方案更显著。
本文以反向套索系统为研究对象,对放大系数取值以及大跨度框架布置进行优化分析,并在实际工程案例中得到验证。
1)套索系统理论放大系数与结构减振率并非成正比,越接近阻尼器最大位移曲线时系统效率越高;随着套索系统放大率增大,其支撑杆的刚度相对阻尼器的缺失刚度在逐渐降低,造成其弹性变形增大,阻尼器的效率就会高估,以及高频外荷载激励对系统效率影响较大。
2)对于阻尼器大跨度布置框架,优化布置后的结构加速度、层间位移角比原方案控制效果更显著。套索布置跨度变小,支撑杆弹性变形对套索系统的影响减少,从而提高减振效果,但也会因此增加钢材的用量。
上述对套索连接放大系数分析过程中,并没有考虑支撑杆的弹性变形,避难层高度越高,支撑杆的长度越长,支撑杆的弹性变形对系统效率影响越大,因此实际阻尼器最大位移比理论值偏小;本文在公式推导过程中进行了简化计算,分析阻尼器轴向最大位移(位移最大放大系数)随变量的变化规律,并不能得到实际计算结果。当选用套索连接布置时,应考虑套索系统的效率与支撑杆的弹性变形的影响,故合理选取放大系数和布置方式能更大化提高结构的附加阻尼比。
  • 河北省重点研发计划项目(21375401D)
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2024年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0516
  • 接收时间:2023-07-20
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-20
  • 修回日期:2023-10-27
基金
河北省重点研发计划项目(21375401D)
作者信息
    1.燕山大学 建筑工程与力学学院,河北 秦皇岛 006004
    2.深圳市华阳国际工程设计股份有限公司,深圳 518000
    3.北京奇太振控科技发展有限公司,北京 100037

通讯作者:

郑久建(1970—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事工程抗震研究。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dzgcygczd/CN/10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0516
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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