Article(id=1245390256057462978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390255516397762, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0503, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1704729600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-09, revisedDate=1711036800000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853775275, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853775275, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853775275, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853775275, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390255516397762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='231', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853775147, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854426342, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392986884911753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390255516397762, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392986889106058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390255516397762, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=26, endPage=36, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390256258789571, articleId=1245390256057462978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Prediction of seismic-induced damage on high-speed railway simply-supported bridge based on deep learning, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A rapid prediction method of seismic-induced damage in high-speed railway ballastless track simply-supported bridge system is proposed based on convolutional neural networks. To obtain more information of seismic motion, one-dimensional seismic motion data is transformed into three-dimensional image through continuous wavelet transform as the input of convolutional neural network. The reliability of the proposed method is validated by comparing with results in damage samples database. The influence of different hyperparameters of convolutional neural networks on prediction results and training duration are analyzed, and a combination of hyperparameters of convolutional neural networks optimized by Bayesian optimization is obtained. The time required for seismic analysis of high-speed railway ballastless track simply-supported bridge system using different seismic analysis methods is compared. The optimized convolutional neural network is utilized to predict seismic-induced damage of different key components in high-speed railway ballastless track simply-supported bridge system. The research indicates that the initial learning rate is the most significant factor affecting the accuracy of network prediction, while the learning rate decay factor, batch size, and number of training epochs have certain effects on the network prediction results. The training duration of convolutional neural network is mainly determined by the number of training epochs and batch size. The proposed method demonstrates high prediction accuracy for seismic-induced damage in various components of high-speed railway ballastless track simply-supported bridge system, and the network structure exhibits high applicability. The optimized convolutional neural network has shorter training time and more accurate prediction for seismic-induced damage in high-speed railway ballastless track simply-supported bridge system. The research findings can provide reference for rapid repair of seismic-induced damage in high-speed railway systems after earthquakes.

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基于卷积神经网络,提出了一种快速预测高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥系统震致损伤的方法。为得到更多地震动信息,通过连续小波变换,将一维地震动数据输入变换成三维图像输入。通过对比损伤样本库中的结果,验证了提出方法的可靠性,分析了卷积神经网络的不同超参数对预测结果和训练时长的影响,得到了贝叶斯优化后的卷积神经网络超参数组合,对比了不同抗震分析方法得到高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥系统震致损伤所需时间。利用优化后的卷积神经网络预测了高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥系统中不同关键构件的震致损伤。研究表明:初始学习率是影响网络预测准确度的最主要因素,学习率下降系数、最小批次及训练轮数会对网络预测结果造成一定影响。而训练卷积神经网络所需时长主要由训练轮数及最小批次决定。提出的方法对高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥系统中不同构件的震致损伤均具有较高预测准确度,网络结构具有较高的适用性,优化后的卷积神经网络训练耗时更短且对高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥系统震致损伤预测更准确。研究成果可为震后高速铁路系统震致损伤的快速修复提供参考。

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周旺保(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事工程结构抗震研究。E-mail:
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吴凌旭(1997—),男,博士研究生,主要从事工程结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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注:为高速铁路简支梁桥系统中构件的震后刚度/位移值。

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Detailed information of each layer in AN-1

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层数层名称层数层名称层数层名称
1输入地震波时频域图9卷积层+激活函数17丢弃层
2卷积层+激活函数10卷积层+激活函数18全连接层+激活函数
3局部响应归一化层11最大汇聚层19丢弃层
4最大汇聚层12全连接层+激活函数20全连接层+激活函数
5卷积层+激活函数13丢弃层21丢弃层
6局部响应归一化层14全连接层+激活函数22输出构件震致损伤
7最大汇聚层15丢弃层
8卷积层+激活函数16全连接层+激活函数
), ArticleFig(id=1245390268313219758, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390256057462978, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

AN-1各层详细信息

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层数层名称层数层名称层数层名称
1输入地震波时频域图9卷积层+激活函数17丢弃层
2卷积层+激活函数10卷积层+激活函数18全连接层+激活函数
3局部响应归一化层11最大汇聚层19丢弃层
4最大汇聚层12全连接层+激活函数20全连接层+激活函数
5卷积层+激活函数13丢弃层21丢弃层
6局部响应归一化层14全连接层+激活函数22输出构件震致损伤
7最大汇聚层15丢弃层
8卷积层+激活函数16全连接层+激活函数
), ArticleFig(id=1245390268422271673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390256057462978, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison of calculation time and accuracy between proposed method and other analysis methods

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不同方法预测震害所需时间/s对突发震害预测的准确程度
本文方法[5.61×10-1,8.22×10-1]准确
简化模型[1820][4.8×102,6×102]准确(不同地震动准确程度不一)
易损性[5-6][1.008×106,2.52×106]较为准确
精细有限元模型[17][5.04×104,7.2×104]准确
), ArticleFig(id=1245390268564878021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390256057462978, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

本文提出的方法与其他分析方法计算耗时及准确程度对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
不同方法预测震害所需时间/s对突发震害预测的准确程度
本文方法[5.61×10-1,8.22×10-1]准确
简化模型[1820][4.8×102,6×102]准确(不同地震动准确程度不一)
易损性[5-6][1.008×106,2.52×106]较为准确
精细有限元模型[17][5.04×104,7.2×104]准确
), ArticleFig(id=1245390268661347022, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390256057462978, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Bayesian optimization hyperparameters

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超参数优化范围优化后的值
训练轮数[50,300]218
最小批次[2,200]101
初始学习率[1×10-5,1×10-1]0.0104
学习率下降系数[0.1,0.9]0.2099
学习率下降周期[10,200]269
l2正则化系数[4×10-4,4×106]2565.4142
), ArticleFig(id=1245390268741038805, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390256057462978, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

贝叶斯优化超参数

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超参数优化范围优化后的值
训练轮数[50,300]218
最小批次[2,200]101
初始学习率[1×10-5,1×10-1]0.0104
学习率下降系数[0.1,0.9]0.2099
学习率下降周期[10,200]269
l2正则化系数[4×10-4,4×106]2565.4142
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基于深度学习的高速铁路简支梁桥震致损伤预测
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吴凌旭 1, 2 , 蒋丽忠 1, 2, 3 , 钟天璇 4 , 易江 1, 2 , 冯玉林 5 , 赵坚 6 , 周旺保 1, 2, 3
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(5): 26-36
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(5): 26-36
基于深度学习的高速铁路简支梁桥震致损伤预测
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吴凌旭1, 2 , 蒋丽忠1, 2, 3, 钟天璇4, 易江1, 2, 冯玉林5, 赵坚6, 周旺保1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.中南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410075
  • 2.中南大学 工程结构抗震研究中心,湖南 长沙 410075
  • 3.高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心 高速铁路工程结构抗震研究所,湖南 长沙 410075
  • 4.贵州电网有限责任公司 电网规划研究中心,贵州 贵阳 550000
  • 5.华东交通大学 土木建筑学院,江西 南昌 330013
  • 6.湖南云景建设有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410075
  • 吴凌旭(1997—),男,博士研究生,主要从事工程结构抗震研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

周旺保(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事工程结构抗震研究。E-mail:
Prediction of seismic-induced damage on high-speed railway simply-supported bridge based on deep learning
Lingxu WU1, 2 , Lizhong JIANG1, 2, 3, Tianxuan ZHONG4, Jiang YI1, 2, Yulin FENG5, Jian ZHAO6, Wangbao ZHOU1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
  • 2.Central South University Engineering Structure Seismic Research Center, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China
  • 3.Research Institute of Earthquake Resistance of High-speed Railway Engineering Structure, National Engineering Research Center of High-speed Railway Construction Technology, Changsha 410075, China
  • 4.Grid Planning & Research Center, Guizhou Power Grid Co., Ltd., Guiyang 550000, China
  • 5.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, East China Jiaotong University, Nanchang 330013, China
  • 6.Hunan Yunjing Construction Company Limited, Changsha 410075, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0503
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基于卷积神经网络,提出了一种快速预测高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥系统震致损伤的方法。为得到更多地震动信息,通过连续小波变换,将一维地震动数据输入变换成三维图像输入。通过对比损伤样本库中的结果,验证了提出方法的可靠性,分析了卷积神经网络的不同超参数对预测结果和训练时长的影响,得到了贝叶斯优化后的卷积神经网络超参数组合,对比了不同抗震分析方法得到高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥系统震致损伤所需时间。利用优化后的卷积神经网络预测了高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥系统中不同关键构件的震致损伤。研究表明:初始学习率是影响网络预测准确度的最主要因素,学习率下降系数、最小批次及训练轮数会对网络预测结果造成一定影响。而训练卷积神经网络所需时长主要由训练轮数及最小批次决定。提出的方法对高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥系统中不同构件的震致损伤均具有较高预测准确度,网络结构具有较高的适用性,优化后的卷积神经网络训练耗时更短且对高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥系统震致损伤预测更准确。研究成果可为震后高速铁路系统震致损伤的快速修复提供参考。

高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥系统  /  震致损伤  /  快速预测  /  卷积神经网络  /  贝叶斯优化

A rapid prediction method of seismic-induced damage in high-speed railway ballastless track simply-supported bridge system is proposed based on convolutional neural networks. To obtain more information of seismic motion, one-dimensional seismic motion data is transformed into three-dimensional image through continuous wavelet transform as the input of convolutional neural network. The reliability of the proposed method is validated by comparing with results in damage samples database. The influence of different hyperparameters of convolutional neural networks on prediction results and training duration are analyzed, and a combination of hyperparameters of convolutional neural networks optimized by Bayesian optimization is obtained. The time required for seismic analysis of high-speed railway ballastless track simply-supported bridge system using different seismic analysis methods is compared. The optimized convolutional neural network is utilized to predict seismic-induced damage of different key components in high-speed railway ballastless track simply-supported bridge system. The research indicates that the initial learning rate is the most significant factor affecting the accuracy of network prediction, while the learning rate decay factor, batch size, and number of training epochs have certain effects on the network prediction results. The training duration of convolutional neural network is mainly determined by the number of training epochs and batch size. The proposed method demonstrates high prediction accuracy for seismic-induced damage in various components of high-speed railway ballastless track simply-supported bridge system, and the network structure exhibits high applicability. The optimized convolutional neural network has shorter training time and more accurate prediction for seismic-induced damage in high-speed railway ballastless track simply-supported bridge system. The research findings can provide reference for rapid repair of seismic-induced damage in high-speed railway systems after earthquakes.

high-speed railway ballastless track simply-supported bridge system  /  seismic-induced damage  /  rapid prediction  /  convolutional neural network  /  Bayesian optimization
吴凌旭, 蒋丽忠, 钟天璇, 易江, 冯玉林, 赵坚, 周旺保. 基于深度学习的高速铁路简支梁桥震致损伤预测. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (5) : 26 -36 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0503
Lingxu WU, Lizhong JIANG, Tianxuan ZHONG, Jiang YI, Yulin FENG, Jian ZHAO, Wangbao ZHOU. Prediction of seismic-induced damage on high-speed railway simply-supported bridge based on deep learning[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (5) : 26 -36 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0503
随着中国高速铁路网的不断西进及沿海区域连接线的逐渐完善,高速铁路遭受地震的风险较大[1-4]。而作为震后物资运输及灾区重建的主要运输手段,突发地震后需快速明确高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥系统(high-speed railway ballastless track simply-supported bridge system,HBSS)的损伤情况,以便及时恢复桥上行车功能。
易损性分析是研究HBSS震致损伤时常被采用的方法[5-6]。KANG等[7]基于OpenSees建立的有限元模型及缩尺振动台试验进行了桥墩及支座的易损性分析。研究发现:在地震作用下固定支座相较于其他构件更易损坏。CUI等[8]将墩底曲率、支座位移作为损伤指标划分了不同损伤状态。分析得到了桥墩,支座及系统的易损性曲线并据此进行了系统地震风险评估。基于建立的不同墩高有限元模型,HU等[9]研究了不等高墩高速铁路简支梁桥系统地震响应以及破坏机理,探明了非等高墩桥梁系统中的易损构件,得到了不同墩高工况下剪力齿槽,滑动层及滑动支座的易损性曲线。WEN等[10]根据高速铁路系统中轨道的损伤特征提出了区域损伤指标,建立了用于易损性增量动力分析的层间区域损伤模型,得到了高速铁路简支梁桥系统在不同强度等级地震动作用后轨道损伤区域的大小及分布概率。MISRA等[11]通过参数化的脆弱性函数建立了基于元模型的易损性分析方法,并利用该方法分析了美国典型铁路桥的抗震性能。
部分学者建立了精细有限元模型对地震动作用下HBSS的破坏特征展开研究[12-14]。GUO等[15]探究了高速铁路简支梁桥在近场地震作用下的破坏特征。发现桥梁系统不易损坏,而轨道系统中的滑动层及剪力齿槽最容易损坏。基于建立的考虑层间构件非线性行为的(the China railway track structure II,CRTS II)板式无砟轨道模型,YAN等[16]研究了高速铁路简支梁桥系统在同一地震波不同烈度作用下的系统响应。发现钢轨、轨道板、底座板在桥台或端刺附近更容易损坏。YU等[17]建立了经过振动台试验验证的高速铁路无砟轨道-简支梁桥有限元模型,探明了系统不同构件开始损伤时地震动峰值加速度大小,得到了地震作用下系统各个构件失效顺序。
上述研究在得到高速铁路无砟轨道简支梁桥系统准确可靠动力响应的同时也增加了计算耗时。而为减少计算系统动力响应所需时间,学者采取了简化模型的方法对系统地震响应进行研究[18-21]。但其运用范围具有局限性,如文献[1820]常采用的部分构件线弹性的假设,此外简化模型计算结果的精确程度能否满足震后行车安全要求仍有待考证。
为快速预测震后桥上行车性能,提高抗震救援效率,本文提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的快速预测震后HBSS损伤方法。以五跨高速铁路简支梁桥为例,建立了高速铁路无砟轨道简支梁桥系统震致损伤数据库,通过对比验证集结果论证了本文预测方法的准确性,并优化了卷积神经网络的超参数,利用本文所提方法预测了测试集的HBSS震致损伤。研究结果对HBSS震后快速确定损伤部位、及时恢复行车功能有重要的参考价值。
从太平洋地震工程研究中心(Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center,PEER)网站(https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/)的NGA-West2数据库中选取1000条地震波作为地震动样本库。选取地震波样本数据库中85%地震波作为后续卷积神经网络的训练集,剩余地震波作为网络的验证集。
为充分提取地震波特征,对地震波数据库中每一条地震波进行连续小波变换。假设为连续小波变换中的基本小波,则其应满足以下3个条件:
式中,( )为傅里叶变换。本文选用在时频平面内无负频率成分的Morse小波[22-23],其傅里叶变换可表示为
式中:Uω)为阶跃函数;nP,γ为归一化常数;P2为时间-带宽乘积,通常也可表示为P2=βγβ为衰减系数,γ为对称性参数。本文选取参数为γ=3,β=20,即P2=60。
用Morse小波对地震动加速度时程曲线进行连续小波变换,得
式中:At)为地震波加速度时程曲线;as为大于0的尺度参数;bp为位置参数。
CRTS II型板式无砟轨道简支梁桥系统由桥梁系统以及轨道系统组成。桥梁系统包括桥墩、支座、主梁和防落梁。轨道系统包括滑动层、剪力齿槽、侧向挡块、底座板、砂浆层、剪切钢筋、轨道板、扣件和钢轨。HBSS示意图如图1所示,具体模型参数可参考文献[24-26]。
利用ANSYS软件建立了高速铁路简支梁桥系统有限元模型,为验证本文有限元方法的可靠性,将某11跨高速铁路简支梁桥系统缩尺模型的振动台试验数据与有限元数值计算结果进行比较,如图2所示。由图2可知,试验的记录响应与有限元相应数值结果基本一致,论证了本文有限元方法的有效性。
基于上述经过试验验证的有限元模型及地震动样本库开展非线性时程分析,提取系统构件的震后刚度、位移,建立震致损伤数据库。选取非线性时程分析中850条工况的震致损伤计算结果及相应地震波连续小波变换,开展卷积神经网络训练,并将剩余结果作为验证集用于HBSS震致损伤快速预测方法的验证。
卷积神经网络凭借其强大的图像处理能力而被广泛应用于图像识别、计算机视觉及建筑结构健康监测等领域。卷积层、汇聚层(池化层)、全连接层是卷积神经网络的主要组成部分。为提高网络训练效率、避免结果过拟合,在神经网络的层与层之间会使用归一化方法。常见的归一化方法有:批量归一化、层归一化、局部归一化、权重归一化。本文使用局部归一化[27],该方法的对象是卷积层中邻近神经元,且设置在激活函数之后。对于第i个卷积层第t个输出特征的局部归一化可表示为
式中:为第i个卷积层第h个输出特征;nκαζ为超参数;T为第i个卷积层输出特征的第三维度形状。
通过使用Adam优化算法优化神经网络,提高神经网络训练效率和预测结果[28]。该算法可以在训练网络时调整参数学习率及修正梯度估计,从而提高优化速度。第t+1步迭代时的参数更新可以表示为
式中:θii=1,…,t,…)为神经网络中第i步迭代时更新的参数;ξ为初始学习率;γ为保证更新时数值稳定的常数;gt为第t步更新参数时损失函数的梯度;δ1δ2为平均衰减率,通常取δ1 = 0.900,δ2 = 0.999。viui分别为梯度以及梯度平方的均值和方差,且有v0=u0 =0;☉为按元素乘积;S为每次选取的训练集样本数;Lregθ)为l2正则化后的损失函数。
基于上述参数设置,本文建立了一种基于卷积神经网络的高速铁路无砟轨道简支梁桥系统震致损伤预测方法(AN-1),该方法框架如图3所示。震后快速预测流程如下:①建立高速铁路无砟轨道简支梁桥系统损伤数据库(简称损伤数据库);②建立卷积神经网络并利用损伤数据库中数据进行网络的训练及验证;③根据验证集结果调整卷积神经网络超参数设置及损伤数据库中训练集个数;④将突发地震波进行连续小波变换后输入至训练好的卷积神经网络中便可得到该地震造成的高速铁路无砟轨道简支梁桥系统损伤分布。
为论证提出框架的有效性及可行性,利用AN-1对HBSS进行震致损伤预测,所用的卷积神经网络结构如表1所示。以某5跨CRTS II型板式无砟轨道简支梁桥系统为研究对象。HBSS在横向地震作用下固定支座最先发生损伤,选取固定支座震后横向刚度为预测目标,本文研究的支座为盆式橡胶支座,其竖向及水平向承载力分别为5000、1079.4 kN。支座损伤及失效限值为2、10 mm[17]。故本文考虑的固定支座震后横向刚度值为水平向承载力与震后支座横向位移比值,即
式中:F为支座水平向承载力;d为支座震后位移值。小于初始刚度值便认为固定支座已经发生损伤。
为后续表示方便,对本文进行预测的支座进行编号,支座位置及其编号如图4所示。AN-1预测结果与验证集结果对比如图5所示。
图5可知,高速铁路简支梁桥系统支座震后刚度呈现出中间小两端大的特点。这是因为作为连接主梁和桥墩的构件,支座横向刚度受两者横向地震响应的影响,而纵连全线的轨道系统使得跨中主梁和桥墩间的地震响应差比端部主梁和桥墩间的地震响应差更大。AN-1对部分工况的预测结果与验证集中有限元计算结果吻合较好。但无法表明AN-1对所有地震波均预测准确。为评估AN-1的整体预测准确度,选取相关系数指标R2进行分析。
式中:Cvi为有限元计算刚度值;为有限元计算刚度的平均值;Pvi为网络预测刚度值;为网络预测刚度的平均值;N为预测的支座数量。
支座横向刚度卷积神经网络预测值与有限元计算值对比如图6所示。由图可知,AN-1的整体预测结果与有限元计算结果吻合良好,但预测点并未随着刚度变化而呈现均匀分布,说明AN-1对于不同支座震后刚度的预测准确度不一。而这是由于不同位置支座的特征不尽相同导致的。
为评估本文提出的震后快速预测方法计算效率,选取本文引言提到的不同方法与本文方法的计算耗时进行对比,对比结果如表2所示。由表2可知,本文提出的震后快速预测框架对高速铁路简支梁桥系统进行损伤预测所需时间远低于其他分析方法。即本文提出的震后快速预测方法更适用于震后快速修复及震后桥上行车安全分析。
卷积神经网络中超参数的变化会影响网络训练所用时长及预测结果准确性。为研究不同超参数对网络预测性能的影响,改变AN-1中不同超参数,用R2指标、训练时长对设置不同超参数后的网络性能进行评价。不同超参数变化后的网络预测效果及训练时长如图7所示。
为得到预测效果更优的网络,由图7确定了贝叶斯优化的参数范围,对AN-1中的超参数进行贝叶斯优化。优化后网络名称为AN-B。以验证集的训练损失作为目标函数,优化过程无时间限制,优化试验次数上限为200次。贝叶斯优化的超参数范围及优化后的超参数取值如表3所示。优化前后网络预测性能如图8所示。由图8可知,AN-B相较于AN-1预测准确度更高且训练耗时更短。
为验证本文方法的适用性及可拓展性。从NGA-West2数据库中另选30条地震波进行ANSYS非线性时程分析并提取相应震致损伤结果作为测试集。利用AN-B对测试集HBSS的震致支座损伤进行预测。AN-B预测的支座震后横向刚度值与测试集结果对比如图9所示。由图可知,测试集震致支座刚度退化分布模式同验证集一致。AN-B对测试集的预测结果也较为准确,但总体预测效果不如验证集的好,而这可能是因为建立的训练集样本仍不充足。
利用AN-B对HBSS中其他构件的震致损伤进行预测。选取支座位移、滑动层、CA砂浆层的震时最大横向位移作为预测目标。AN-B预测结果与测试集结果对比如图10所示。由图可知,AN-B对HBSS其他构件的震致损伤预测也较为准确。与支座横向刚度退化分布模式相反,支座残余位移分布大致呈现中间大两端小,且同一跨主梁两端的支座横向位移不一致,这是由于支座并非对称布置导致的。由于梁端设有剪力齿槽、剪切钢筋等刚度较大的构件,滑动层、CA砂浆层横向位移会在梁端附近发生突变,说明梁端的层间构件在地震作用下更易损坏。
为高效准确预测HBSS震致损伤,本文提出了一种基于卷积神经网络的快速预测方法。利用本文方法对HBSS不同构件的震致损伤并对卷积神经网络的超参数进行了贝叶斯优化。得到以下结论:
1)在横向地震作用下,CRTS II型板式无砟轨道简支梁桥系统的支座横向刚度呈中间退化大,两边退化小的分布模式。轨道结构层间构件的位移在梁端会发生突变,梁端附近的层间构件相较于其他位置的构件更易损坏。
2)本文提出的震致损伤预测方法具有较高准确度。网络预测结果与验证集结果的支座横向刚度相关系数达到了0.87。本文方法计算耗时短,适用于突发地震后HBSS损伤的预测。
3)对预测结果准确度影响最大的是初始学习率。而网络训练时长主要由训练轮数及最小批次决定。对网络中的训练轮数、训练批次、初始学习率、学习率下降周期、学习率下降系数及正则化因子进行贝叶斯优化,得到了预测HBSS震致损伤结果较好的卷积神经网络。优化后的网络预测性能更优,预测结果与验证集的相关系数达到了0.91。
4)利用优化后的卷积神经网络对测试集进行震致损伤预测仍有较好的预测效果,且对于不同构件的震致损伤也具有较高准确度。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52078487; 52178180; 52478517)
  • 国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3004304)
  • 湖南省科技人才托举工程(2022TJ-Y10)
  • 中南大学前沿交叉研究项目(2023QYJC006)
  • 澳门特别行政区科学技术发展基金项目(SKL-IOTSC(UM)-2024-2026)
  • 智慧城市物联网国家重点实验室(澳门大学)开放课题(SKL-IoTSC(UM)-2024-2026/ORP/GA08/2023)
  • 中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2022ZZTS0155)
  • 中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2022M713544)
  • 高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心开放基金项目(HSR202202)
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2024年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0503
  • 接收时间:2024-01-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-09
  • 修回日期:2024-03-22
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52078487; 52178180; 52478517)
国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFC3004304)
湖南省科技人才托举工程(2022TJ-Y10)
中南大学前沿交叉研究项目(2023QYJC006)
澳门特别行政区科学技术发展基金项目(SKL-IOTSC(UM)-2024-2026)
智慧城市物联网国家重点实验室(澳门大学)开放课题(SKL-IoTSC(UM)-2024-2026/ORP/GA08/2023)
中南大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2022ZZTS0155)
中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2022M713544)
高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心开放基金项目(HSR202202)
作者信息
    1.中南大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410075
    2.中南大学 工程结构抗震研究中心,湖南 长沙 410075
    3.高速铁路建造技术国家工程研究中心 高速铁路工程结构抗震研究所,湖南 长沙 410075
    4.贵州电网有限责任公司 电网规划研究中心,贵州 贵阳 550000
    5.华东交通大学 土木建筑学院,江西 南昌 330013
    6.湖南云景建设有限责任公司,湖南 长沙 410075

通讯作者:

周旺保(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事工程结构抗震研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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