Article(id=1245390151153729837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390147664068826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0419, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1679068800000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-18, revisedDate=1688313600000, revisedDateStr=2023-07-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853750264, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853750264, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853750264, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853750264, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390147664068826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='233', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853749433, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854381443, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392798560662150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390147664068826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392798560662151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390147664068826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=201, endPage=207, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390151455719750, articleId=1245390151153729837, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Study on drivability analysis method of large-diameter steel pipe piles based on CPT, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In offshore engineering, large-diameter steel pipe piles are often installed with hydraulic hammers. Accurate analysis of pile drivability is of great significance in practice. In order to study the relationship between cone tip resistance of cone penetration test(CPT) and unit of hammering energy, the resistance to energy ratio was defined as the ratio of unit of equivalent cone tip resistance to unit of hammering energy resistance by converting cone tip resistance into unit equivalent cone tip resistance. Based on 9 sites, 72 steel pipe piles driving records and CPT test results, the relationship of resistive energy ratio with depth in different soil layers (silt, sand and clay) was discussed, and a method based on CPT cone tip resistance was proposed. The results show that the variation of unit equivalent cone tip resistance with depth is consistent with that of unit of hammering energy with depth, but the change of resistance to energy ratio with depth in different soil layers are different. The relationship between the resistance energy ratio and depth in different soil layers was obtained, and it was possible to obtain the unit of hammering energy required for pile driving directly from the cone tip resistance of CPT. The method proposed in this paper is verified with an example in practice, and the results show that it is feasible. Because only the CPT cone tip resistance is needed to calculate the unit of hammering energy with the proposed method, it could be used to quickly evaluate the drivability of piles.

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在海洋工程当中,大直径钢管桩常采用液压锤进行施工,桩基可打入性的准确预测对实际工程具有重要的意义。为探究静力触探试验(cone penetration test,CPT)锥尖阻力与单位锤击能量的关系,通过将CPT锥尖阻力转化为单位等效锥尖阻力,定义阻能比为单位等效锥尖阻力与单位锤击能量阻力之比,基于9个场地、72根钢管桩打桩记录以及CPT测试结果,探讨了不同土层(粉土层、砂土层以及黏土层)中阻能比随深度变化的关系,提出了基于CPT锥尖阻力的桩基可打入性预测方法。研究结果表明:单位等效锥尖阻力与单位锤击能量随深度变化具有相关性,阻能比在不同土层随深度变化具有各自的规律性。通过获得的不同土层阻能比随深度变化的关系式,利用CPT锥尖阻力可以直接获得打桩需要的单位锤击能量。经工程验证,使用本文提出的方法,预测打桩过程中单位锤击能量可行且具有一定精度。该方法仅需已知CPT锥尖阻力即可对单位锤击能量进行计算,可以快速地对桩基可打入性进行初步评估。

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李飒(1970—),女,教授,博士,主要从事海洋岩土研究。E-mail:
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胡寒阳(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事岩土力学与工程研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Scale effect research on load-bearing characteristics of huge size foundation, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390166949479410, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390151153729837, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=52, issue=1, pageStart=83, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=39, authorNames=候晓愉, 戴国亮, 朱文波, journalName=东南大学学报(自然科学版), refType=null, unstructuredReference=候晓愉,戴国亮,朱文波,. 海上风电大直径开口钢管桩竖向承载力CPT/CPTU计算方法[J]. 东南大学学报(自然科学版)202252(1):83-89., articleTitle=海上风电大直径开口钢管桩竖向承载力CPT/CPTU计算方法, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390167024976884, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390151153729837, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=52, issue=1, pageStart=83, pageEnd=89, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=40, authorNames=HOU Xiaoyu, DAI Guoliang, ZHU Wenbo, journalName=Journal of Southeast University (Natural Science Edition), refType=null, unstructuredReference=HOU Xiaoyu, DAI Guoliang, ZHU Wenbo, et al. 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Amsterdam: ESOPT-II, 1982: 493-500., articleTitle=Pile bearing capacity prediction by means of static penetrometer CPT, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1245390161794679611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390151153729837, awardId=51890911, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金重大项目(51890911), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245390155960402471, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390151153729837, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390155964596776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390151153729837, companyId=1245390155960402471, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390155972985385, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, 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Information of the soil layer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深度/m土层描述深度/m土层描述
(0,4.5]非常软到软的粉质黏土(38.3,63.2]中密实到非常密实的细砂和粉质细砂
(4.5,8.8]中密实到密实的砂质粉土(63.2,64.7]中密实的砂质粉土
(8.8,10.1]硬到非常硬的粉质黏土(64.7,72.1]非常硬的粉质黏土
(10.1,13.7]密实到非常密实的粉质细砂(72.1,74.6]密实到非常密实的粉质细砂
(13.7,16.8]硬的粉质黏土(74.6,77.3]坚硬的粉质黏土
(16.8,35.3]中密实到非常密实的砂粉质细砂(77.3,88.5]密实到非常密实的粉质细砂和细砂
(35.3,38.3]非常硬的粉质黏土(88.5,101.1]黏性土多为坚硬的粉质黏土,砂性土多为密实到非常密实的细砂,以及中密实到密实的粉土
), ArticleFig(id=1245390161639490355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390151153729837, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

土层信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
深度/m土层描述深度/m土层描述
(0,4.5]非常软到软的粉质黏土(38.3,63.2]中密实到非常密实的细砂和粉质细砂
(4.5,8.8]中密实到密实的砂质粉土(63.2,64.7]中密实的砂质粉土
(8.8,10.1]硬到非常硬的粉质黏土(64.7,72.1]非常硬的粉质黏土
(10.1,13.7]密实到非常密实的粉质细砂(72.1,74.6]密实到非常密实的粉质细砂
(13.7,16.8]硬的粉质黏土(74.6,77.3]坚硬的粉质黏土
(16.8,35.3]中密实到非常密实的砂粉质细砂(77.3,88.5]密实到非常密实的粉质细砂和细砂
(35.3,38.3]非常硬的粉质黏土(88.5,101.1]黏性土多为坚硬的粉质黏土,砂性土多为密实到非常密实的细砂,以及中密实到密实的粉土
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基于CPT大直径钢管桩可打入性分析方法研究
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胡寒阳 1, 2 , 尹蒋松 1, 2 , 沈振义 1, 2 , 李飒 1, 2
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(4): 201-207
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(4): 201-207
基于CPT大直径钢管桩可打入性分析方法研究
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胡寒阳1, 2 , 尹蒋松1, 2, 沈振义1, 2, 李飒1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.天津大学 建筑工程学院,天津 300350
  • 2.天津大学 水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津 300350
  • 胡寒阳(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事岩土力学与工程研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

李飒(1970—),女,教授,博士,主要从事海洋岩土研究。E-mail:
Study on drivability analysis method of large-diameter steel pipe piles based on CPT
Hanyang HU1, 2 , Jiangsong YIN1, 2, Zhenyi SHEN1, 2, Sa LI1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Simulation and Safety, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0419
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在海洋工程当中,大直径钢管桩常采用液压锤进行施工,桩基可打入性的准确预测对实际工程具有重要的意义。为探究静力触探试验(cone penetration test,CPT)锥尖阻力与单位锤击能量的关系,通过将CPT锥尖阻力转化为单位等效锥尖阻力,定义阻能比为单位等效锥尖阻力与单位锤击能量阻力之比,基于9个场地、72根钢管桩打桩记录以及CPT测试结果,探讨了不同土层(粉土层、砂土层以及黏土层)中阻能比随深度变化的关系,提出了基于CPT锥尖阻力的桩基可打入性预测方法。研究结果表明:单位等效锥尖阻力与单位锤击能量随深度变化具有相关性,阻能比在不同土层随深度变化具有各自的规律性。通过获得的不同土层阻能比随深度变化的关系式,利用CPT锥尖阻力可以直接获得打桩需要的单位锤击能量。经工程验证,使用本文提出的方法,预测打桩过程中单位锤击能量可行且具有一定精度。该方法仅需已知CPT锥尖阻力即可对单位锤击能量进行计算,可以快速地对桩基可打入性进行初步评估。

大直径钢管桩  /  静力触探试验  /  单位锤击能量  /  桩的可打入性  /  锥尖阻力

In offshore engineering, large-diameter steel pipe piles are often installed with hydraulic hammers. Accurate analysis of pile drivability is of great significance in practice. In order to study the relationship between cone tip resistance of cone penetration test(CPT) and unit of hammering energy, the resistance to energy ratio was defined as the ratio of unit of equivalent cone tip resistance to unit of hammering energy resistance by converting cone tip resistance into unit equivalent cone tip resistance. Based on 9 sites, 72 steel pipe piles driving records and CPT test results, the relationship of resistive energy ratio with depth in different soil layers (silt, sand and clay) was discussed, and a method based on CPT cone tip resistance was proposed. The results show that the variation of unit equivalent cone tip resistance with depth is consistent with that of unit of hammering energy with depth, but the change of resistance to energy ratio with depth in different soil layers are different. The relationship between the resistance energy ratio and depth in different soil layers was obtained, and it was possible to obtain the unit of hammering energy required for pile driving directly from the cone tip resistance of CPT. The method proposed in this paper is verified with an example in practice, and the results show that it is feasible. Because only the CPT cone tip resistance is needed to calculate the unit of hammering energy with the proposed method, it could be used to quickly evaluate the drivability of piles.

large-diameter steel pipe piles  /  cone penetration test  /  unit of hammering energy  /  drivability of piles  /  cone tip resistance
胡寒阳, 尹蒋松, 沈振义, 李飒. 基于CPT大直径钢管桩可打入性分析方法研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (4) : 201 -207 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0419
Hanyang HU, Jiangsong YIN, Zhenyi SHEN, Sa LI. Study on drivability analysis method of large-diameter steel pipe piles based on CPT[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (4) : 201 -207 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0419
随着海洋工程的快速发展,大直径钢管桩越来越多地被应用于各种海上构筑物[1-2]。随着入泥深度的增加,桩基安装面临着巨大的挑战。桩基可打入性分析的准确性越来越受到关注[3-4]
桩基的可打入性分析方法主要有2种,一种为波动方程的方法[5-8],另一种为动力打桩公式的方法。波动方程法认为在桩基贯入的过程中,桩锤锤击桩顶,锤击能量以应力波的形式传递至桩端[9]。通过波动方程分析方法可以建立土阻力与单位锤击能量(或单位锤击数)的关系[10-12],从而对桩基的可打入性进行评估。这是目前常用的分析方法。
在波动方程的分析中,静力触探试验(cone penetration test,CPT)常常被用来确定打桩过程中的土阻力。近年来,静力触探试验(CPT)被广泛应用于海上地质勘察,国内外学者提出了多种基于CPT测试结果计算打桩中土阻力的计算方法。打桩过程中的土阻力与桩基承载力不同,由于打桩对土体的扰动,一般情况下,土阻力小于桩基的承载力[12-13]。CAI等[14]提出了一种基于CPT的数据,利用三维条件随机场方法来估计各向异性土层土阻力的方法。ZHANG等[15]基于CPT的数据,改进了分层土中的土阻力计算方法,该方法的土阻力与反分析的土阻力误差约为20%。SCHNEIDER等[16]利用波动方程方法对在密砂中打桩进行反分析,分析了CPT数据与打桩过程中土阻力的关联性。ALM等[17-18]提出了利用CPT数据中的锥尖阻力qc计算打桩过程中端阻力与侧摩阻力的公式,其土阻力预测模型已被部分工程验证。由此可见,目前CPT测试结果在打桩分析当中主要用于土阻力的计算。
除了波动方程方法,动力打桩公式方法也可用于打桩分析[6]。动力打桩公式是根据能量守恒原理和撞击定理得到的,具有代表性的方法如Hily打桩公式[19]。动力打桩公式一般通过建立土阻力R和锤击能量E之间的关系对打桩所需要的能量进行预测。尽管动力打桩公式对打桩过程的简化可能导致计算结果与实际情况有一定偏差[20],但是在实际工程中,它仍然被广泛应用,并获得了良好的效果[21],近年来仍有部分学者致力于采用打桩公式进行桩基可打入性分析的研究[22]
事实上,桩基可打入性分析的实质就是建立锤击能量与土阻力的关系。无论是波动方程方法还是动力打桩公式的方法,最终都是根据建立锤击能量和土阻力之间的关系对桩基的可打入性进行评价,只是波动方程建立的过程更加复杂。由于打桩公式简单易用,且具有一定的精度;同时现有研究已经表明可以利用CPT测试结果计算打桩土阻力,因此直接建立打桩锤击能量和CPT测试结果之间的关系是可能的。为进一步探讨CPT方法在桩基安装中的应用,本文根据某海域CPT实测的数据以及72根钢管桩的打桩记录的数据建立了不同土层的CPT锥尖阻力和打桩锤击能量之间的关系,提出了基于CPT锥尖阻力预测打桩锤击能量的方法。
如果可以直接建立CPT的测试结果与打桩单位锤击能量之间的关系,即可直接获得桩基可打入性分析的结果,而无需再进行波动方程的计算。
本文基于9个场地,72根桩的打桩记录的数据,探讨了CPT锥尖阻力和锤击能量之间的关系。由于下述特征在所有场地均相似,以某场地为例进行说明。该场地桩基桩径2.134 m,桩长100.2 m,入泥深度77 m。现场进行了CPT测试,CPT探头的锥头面积为10 cm2,顶角为60°。本场地采用MHU1200S液压锤进行安装。单位锤击能量以每0.5 m进行累计,CPT测试结果与现场打桩记录如图1所示。
在统计学方法中,皮尔森相关系数[23]可以衡量2个变量XY之间的相关性,其值范围在-1~1之间。其绝对值越大,表明相关性越强,计算公式为
式中:E为单位锤击能量(kJ/0.5 m);q为锥尖阻力(MPa);r为皮尔森相关系数,|r|>0.95为显著性相关,0.8≤|r|≤0.95为高度相关,0.5≤|r|<0.8为中度相关,0.3≤|r|<0.5为低度相关,|r|<0.3为弱相关。
根据式(1)计算出单位锤击能量和CPT锥尖阻力的相关系数为0.712,可以得到单位锤击能量和CPT锥尖阻力整体中度相关。其中在砂土层[0,14.5] m和(72.04,77.5] m中,相关系数分别为0.831和0.784;在粉土层(14.5,42.04] m,相关系数为0.726;在黏土层(42.04,72.04] m,相关系数为0.873。可以看出,在黏土层中相关系数最高,而在粉土中相关系数最低。这与粉土CPT测试结果和各类土性参数相关性都弱于砂土和黏土有关[24]。同时,现有的研究显示,由于桩基的直径远远大于CPT的探头直径,直接利用桩端所在位置的锥尖阻力计算桩基承载力将会带来较大的误差,需要考虑桩基尺寸效应的影响[25-27]
BUSTAMANTE等[28]提出取1.5DD为桩基的直径)范围锥尖阻力数据的有效均值计算等效锥尖阻力qca用于计算桩基承载力。这种情况同样适用土阻力的计算,因此本文采用Bustamante的方法对CPT数据处理,可得到每0.02 m的等效锥尖阻力。
等效锥尖阻力实质是考虑了桩基尺寸效应的影响。由于打桩记录提供的是单位锤击能量,即在贯入0.5 m范围内消耗的总能量,因此定义了与之对应的单位等效锥尖阻力Qca,即每0.5 m内等效锥尖阻力之和。单位等效锥尖阻力与单位锤击能量随深度变化的曲线如图2所示。
根据皮尔森相关系数即式(1)计算出单位锤击能量与单位等效锥尖阻力的相关系数为0.793,相关性进一步增加,并可以得出单位等效锥尖阻力Qca与单位锤击能量整体相关,各类土质条件下的相关性强弱与CPT锥尖阻力的相关性类似;为了反映不同土层中单位等效锥尖阻力Qca与单位锤击能量的关系,本文定义了阻能比,即单位锤击能量G单位等效锥尖阻力的比值,阻能比随深度变化的关系如图3所示。由图3可知,采用阻能比能够弱化单位等效锥尖阻力Qca随深度的波动,但是不同土层的阻能比的变化存在差异,且这种差异和深度相关。
不同土层中阻能比差异较大如图3所示。采用上述方法处理9个场地,72根桩的打桩记录与场地的CPT数据,可以得到不同土层中阻能比随深度变化的关系,分别对砂土、黏土与粉土进行汇总。
在砂土层中,阻能比随深度变化的关系如图4所示。
图4可知,砂土中的阻能比具有一定的线性关系。可以得到砂土的阻能比和深度h存在式(2)所示的关系:
式中:h为土层深度(m);E为单位锤击能量(kJ/0.5 m);Qca为单位等效锥尖阻力(kPa)。
在黏土层中,阻能比和深度的关系如图5所示。
图5可知,阻能比同样随着深度的增加而增加,但趋势与砂土明显不同。黏土层中阻能比随深度增加时,其变化范围较大。在黏土层中,可以得到如式(3)所示的关系:
在粉土层中,阻能比和深度的关系如图6所示。
图6可知,阻能比同样随着深度的增加而增加,其变化趋势与砂土相近,但数值范围比黏土和砂土都大。在粉土层中,可以得到如式(4)所示的关系:
根据式(2)、式(3)、式(4),可以得到:
砂土层:
黏土层:
粉土层:
由式(5)~式(7)可知,打桩中所需的锤击能量与单位等效锥尖阻力和贯入深度相关,而单位等效锥尖阻力和贯入深度均是反映土体土阻力的指标,因此式(5)~式(7)本质是反映土阻力和锤击能量之间的关系。这与波动方程和动力打桩公式的方法是一致的。通过式(5)~式(7)可知,只要已知单位等效锥尖阻力就可以得到E随深度变化的关系,在已知每次锤击所输出的能量的条件下,即可获得锤击数随深度变化的关系。
为了验证本文提出方法的可靠性,根据式(5)~式(7)结合某海域CPT数据进行了桩基可打入性预测,并将预测结果与现场实测的打桩记录进行对比。
某海上平台采用钢管桩基础,共用4根钢管桩。对钢管桩锤击能量进行预测,桩长为117.5 m,桩径为1829 mm,桩的最大壁厚为65 mm,最小壁厚为38 mm。其自由入泥深度为6.9 m,平台水深为24.6 m,最终入泥为84.9 m。该海域土层情况如表1所示。
根据本文提出的方法,利用CPT数据预测打桩过程中的单位锤击能量(每打入0.5 m)。根据土层情况采用相应的式(6)~式(8)进行计算。将计算结果与桩实测打桩记录进行比较,如图7所示。由于钢管桩自由入泥深度为6.9 m,桩基可打入性预测不考虑6.9 m以上深度的范围。预测结果显示,计算数据与实测数据平均误差为2.21 MJ。黏土中平均误差为1.74 MJ,砂土中平均误差为2.34 MJ,粉土中平均误差为2.78 MJ。从误差中可以看出,预测结果和实测结果变化趋势基本一致,黏土中的预测误差最小。由此可见,利用锥尖阻力预测单位锤击能量具有可行性。在已知每次锤击所输出的能量时,可知打桩所需要的锤击数。
本文基于CPT锥尖阻力和打桩锤击能量之间的相关性,提出了一种基于CPT锥尖阻力预测打桩锤击能量的方法,结论如下:
1)根据现场打桩记录和CPT测试结果可知,单位等效锥尖阻力随深度的变化趋势与单位锤击能量随深度变化的趋势具有相关性,可通过建立单位等效锥尖阻力和单位锤击能量之间的关系获得打桩所需的锤击能量,将CPT测试结果直接应用于锤击能量的计算。
2)定义阻能比为单位等效锥尖阻力与单位锤击能量之比,并进一步建立了不同土层(含黏土,砂土,粉土)中阻能比与深度的关系式,通过这些关系式,可以根据已知的CPT锥尖阻力计算得到单位锤击能量随深度变化的关系,在已知每次锤击所输出的能量的条件下,进而可以获得锤击数随深度变化的关系。
3)通过工程实例验证了本文提出方法的可靠性和适用性,对比了计算结果与现场实测结果,发现两者基本吻合。表明利用CPT锥尖阻力预测单位锤击能量具有可行性。
综上所述,本研究提出的基于CPT数据预测单位锤击能量的方法为桩基可打入性分析提供了一种快捷有效的手段,即只需要获得CPT结果即可得到单位锤击能量,用以指导桩基施工过程,而不需要利用计算机进行波动方程计算或通过计算获得打桩公式所必须的贯入度。由于本方法是根据现场数据得到的经验方法,因此还需要更多的数据进行进一步的研究和完善。
  • 国家自然科学基金重大项目(51890911)
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2024年第44卷第4期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0419
  • 接收时间:2023-03-18
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-18
  • 修回日期:2023-07-03
基金
国家自然科学基金重大项目(51890911)
作者信息
    1.天津大学 建筑工程学院,天津 300350
    2.天津大学 水利工程仿真与安全国家重点实验室,天津 300350

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李飒(1970—),女,教授,博士,主要从事海洋岩土研究。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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