Article(id=1245390149656363250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390147664068826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0405, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1684425600000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-19, revisedDate=1694966400000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853749908, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853749908, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853749908, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853749908, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390147664068826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='233', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853749433, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854381443, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392798560662150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390147664068826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392798560662151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390147664068826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=46, endPage=61, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390149874467067, articleId=1245390149656363250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Numerical simulation analysis of shaking table test of nuclear island plant on soft soil foundation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, the method of partitioned analysis of soil-structure interaction (PASSI) is used to simulate the raft foundation-concrete frame model and pile foundation-concrete frame model in the shaking table test of nuclear island plant on soft soil foundation. The RG160, Chi-Chi and Landers seismic waves with amplitude modulation of 0.05 g, 0.10 g and 0.20 g were chose as input to the two models. Under various working conditions, the soil and structure acceleration amplification coefficient, floor response spectrum, time history of soil pressure at the bottom of raft foundation, pile strain and pile bending moment of shaking table test and numerical simulation test are compared and analyzed. The results show that: the numerical simulation results can reflect the shaking table test results well. After the amplification of soil layer, with the increase of floor, the coefficient of acceleration amplification increases in shaking table test and numerical simulation test, reflecting the same pattern. The response spectrum of soil-structure system obtained by shaking table test and numerical simulation is related to the frequency spectrum characteristics of input ground motion and the vibration characteristics of the system. In the shaking table test, the raft foundation will be overturned, and the time history of soil pressure at the bottom of the raft foundation shows the phenomenon of‘high in the east and low in the west’. However, this phenomenon does not appear in the time history of soil pressure at the bottom of the raft foundation in the numerical simulation. The reason is that the contact nonlinearity between the soil and the foundation is not considered in the numerical simulation. The seismic response of the pile group in the numerical simulation is basically consistent with the macroscopic phenomenon of the test, and there is a quantitative difference, which may be caused by the nonlinearity of the pile in the numerical simulation.

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采用土-结相互作用分区分析方法(partitioned analysis of soil-structure interaction,PASSI),对软土地基核岛厂房振动台试验中的筏基-混凝土框架模型以及桩基-混凝土框架模型进行了数值模拟,对比分析了振动台试验结果与数值模拟结果,并对软土地基下核岛厂房土-基础-结构的地震响应特征进行了分析。对2种模型输入调幅为0.05、0.10、0.20 g的RG160、Chi-Chi与Landers地震波,对比分析了各工况下振动台试验与数值模拟的土体与结构加速度放大系数、楼层反应谱、筏基底部土压力时程、桩身应变以及桩身弯矩。结果表明:数值模拟结果能较好地反映振动台试验结果;经过土层放大作用,随着楼层的增高,振动台试验和数值模拟中的加速度放大系数随之增大,反映了同样的规律;振动台试验与数值模拟所得的土-结体系的反应谱均与输入地震动频谱特征及体系的振动特性相关;振动台试验中,筏板基础会出现倾覆现象,筏基底部土压力时程表现出“东高西低”的现象,但数值模拟中筏基底部的土压力时程未出现此种现象,其原因是数值模拟中未考虑土体与基础的接触非线性;数值模拟中群桩的地震响应与试验的宏观现象基本吻合,定量上有差异,是数值模拟中未考虑桩的非线性所致。

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陈少林(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事地震工程研究。E-mail:
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上官云翔(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事核电结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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上官云翔(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事核电结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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上官云翔(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事核电结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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caption=Model container diagram, figureFileSmall=CBlaYaUu8TiIunweK5H/mA==, figureFileBig=G1je0A7rJnqi2itzk8TsiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390165166900158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390149656363250, language=CN, label=图4, caption=模型箱示意图, figureFileSmall=CBlaYaUu8TiIunweK5H/mA==, figureFileBig=G1je0A7rJnqi2itzk8TsiQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390165284340674, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390149656363250, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Acceleration time history of original input seismic wave, figureFileSmall=zxW+IKrUTvuf9PHocDMpdg==, figureFileBig=FzK5EQwj8bBFZjDx7GN5uw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390165397586886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390149656363250, language=CN, label=图5, caption=原输入地震波加速度时程, figureFileSmall=zxW+IKrUTvuf9PHocDMpdg==, figureFileBig=FzK5EQwj8bBFZjDx7GN5uw==, tableContent=null), 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figureFileBig=UTABlteHTDZonylBmpZqdg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390167238886394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390149656363250, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Acceleration amplification factor of soil-pile group-concrete structure model system, figureFileSmall=J3UT4Mcn+N3o7TAqLYq93w==, figureFileBig=TNCIkJJeij7LWM6JDkiMpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390167364715517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390149656363250, language=CN, label=图14, caption=土-群桩-混凝土模型体系的振动台面加速度放大系数, figureFileSmall=J3UT4Mcn+N3o7TAqLYq93w==, figureFileBig=TNCIkJJeij7LWM6JDkiMpA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390167515710464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390149656363250, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=Response spectrum of each floor of pile-concrete structure under the input of seismic waves, figureFileSmall=L1ReV2i+9a0vpM8p/N2Whw==, 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Parameters of soil-raft-concrete structure model

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土层结构高度/m阻尼比泊松比密度/(kg/m3剪切波速/(m/s)
中硬土层2.300.020.31800212.9
混凝土框架1.850.050.22560
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土-筏基-混凝土结构模型参数

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土层结构高度/m阻尼比泊松比密度/(kg/m3剪切波速/(m/s)
中硬土层2.300.020.31800212.9
混凝土框架1.850.050.22560
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Parameters of soil-raft-concrete structure model

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材料名称弹性模量/(×103 MPa)泊松比密度/(kg/m3
混凝土框架结构模型130.202560
钢结构模型2060.257850
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土-筏基-混凝土结构模型参数

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材料名称弹性模量/(×103 MPa)泊松比密度/(kg/m3
混凝土框架结构模型130.202560
钢结构模型2060.257850
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Dimension of test structure model

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材料名称备注
模型箱2.82.82.3内净尺寸
承台2.01.50.3
桩(圆形)桩直径0.102.0C30混凝土
混凝土框架结构模型1.61.11.85首层层高0.65,二、三层层高0.6
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试验结构模型尺寸

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材料名称备注
模型箱2.82.82.3内净尺寸
承台2.01.50.3
桩(圆形)桩直径0.102.0C30混凝土
混凝土框架结构模型1.61.11.85首层层高0.65,二、三层层高0.6
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软土基础核岛厂房振动台试验数值模拟分析
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上官云翔 1 , 陈少林 1 , 吕昊 1, 2 , 景立平 3
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(4): 46-61
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(4): 46-61
软土基础核岛厂房振动台试验数值模拟分析
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上官云翔1 , 陈少林1 , 吕昊1, 2, 景立平3
作者信息
  • 1.南京航空航天大学 民航学院,江苏 南京 210016
  • 2.山东科技大学 安全与环境工程学院,山东 青岛 266590
  • 3.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 上官云翔(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事核电结构抗震研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

陈少林(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事地震工程研究。E-mail:
Numerical simulation analysis of shaking table test of nuclear island plant on soft soil foundation
Yunxiang SHANGGUAN1 , Shaolin CHEN1 , Hao LV1, 2, Liping JING3
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, China
  • 2.College of Safe and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0405
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采用土-结相互作用分区分析方法(partitioned analysis of soil-structure interaction,PASSI),对软土地基核岛厂房振动台试验中的筏基-混凝土框架模型以及桩基-混凝土框架模型进行了数值模拟,对比分析了振动台试验结果与数值模拟结果,并对软土地基下核岛厂房土-基础-结构的地震响应特征进行了分析。对2种模型输入调幅为0.05、0.10、0.20 g的RG160、Chi-Chi与Landers地震波,对比分析了各工况下振动台试验与数值模拟的土体与结构加速度放大系数、楼层反应谱、筏基底部土压力时程、桩身应变以及桩身弯矩。结果表明:数值模拟结果能较好地反映振动台试验结果;经过土层放大作用,随着楼层的增高,振动台试验和数值模拟中的加速度放大系数随之增大,反映了同样的规律;振动台试验与数值模拟所得的土-结体系的反应谱均与输入地震动频谱特征及体系的振动特性相关;振动台试验中,筏板基础会出现倾覆现象,筏基底部土压力时程表现出“东高西低”的现象,但数值模拟中筏基底部的土压力时程未出现此种现象,其原因是数值模拟中未考虑土体与基础的接触非线性;数值模拟中群桩的地震响应与试验的宏观现象基本吻合,定量上有差异,是数值模拟中未考虑桩的非线性所致。

软土地基  /  核岛厂房  /  地震响应  /  土-结相互作用  /  数值模拟

In this paper, the method of partitioned analysis of soil-structure interaction (PASSI) is used to simulate the raft foundation-concrete frame model and pile foundation-concrete frame model in the shaking table test of nuclear island plant on soft soil foundation. The RG160, Chi-Chi and Landers seismic waves with amplitude modulation of 0.05 g, 0.10 g and 0.20 g were chose as input to the two models. Under various working conditions, the soil and structure acceleration amplification coefficient, floor response spectrum, time history of soil pressure at the bottom of raft foundation, pile strain and pile bending moment of shaking table test and numerical simulation test are compared and analyzed. The results show that: the numerical simulation results can reflect the shaking table test results well. After the amplification of soil layer, with the increase of floor, the coefficient of acceleration amplification increases in shaking table test and numerical simulation test, reflecting the same pattern. The response spectrum of soil-structure system obtained by shaking table test and numerical simulation is related to the frequency spectrum characteristics of input ground motion and the vibration characteristics of the system. In the shaking table test, the raft foundation will be overturned, and the time history of soil pressure at the bottom of the raft foundation shows the phenomenon of‘high in the east and low in the west’. However, this phenomenon does not appear in the time history of soil pressure at the bottom of the raft foundation in the numerical simulation. The reason is that the contact nonlinearity between the soil and the foundation is not considered in the numerical simulation. The seismic response of the pile group in the numerical simulation is basically consistent with the macroscopic phenomenon of the test, and there is a quantitative difference, which may be caused by the nonlinearity of the pile in the numerical simulation.

soft ground foundation  /  nuclear island plant  /  seismic response  /  soil-structure interaction  /  numerical simulation
上官云翔, 陈少林, 吕昊, 景立平. 软土基础核岛厂房振动台试验数值模拟分析. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (4) : 46 -61 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0405
Yunxiang SHANGGUAN, Shaolin CHEN, Hao LV, Liping JING. Numerical simulation analysis of shaking table test of nuclear island plant on soft soil foundation[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (4) : 46 -61 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0405
在全球经济高速发展与环境问题逐渐成为人们重点关注问题的背景下,清洁能源的发展成为了我国当下的一个热点。而在众多清洁能源的发展建设中,核电得益于其高效的特点成为了我国乃至全球最为关注的新能源之一。随着我国核电的发展,核电厂房的选址必然往西部地区发展。然而,我国属于地震多发国家,西部地区软土地基与核电结构间的动力相互作用效应明显,使得软土地基-核电结构系统的地震响应非常复杂,目前对其响应特征和规律的认识仍不足。因此,西部地区软土地基地质条件对核岛厂房的抗震设计将带来更大的挑战。
目前,针对土-基础-结构的地震响应问题,国内学者做了许多相关研究。康帅等[1]设计了10层的框架结构模型,进行了单向及双向作用时不同频谱地震波输入下的振动台试验,分析了加速度、层间位移及应变结果,并进行了相应的数值模拟,发现了参数对试验结果的影响。景立平等[2]通过振动台试验,研究了土-桩基-核岛体系的动力反应规律,得出了一系列的桩身破坏规律,并采用ABAQUS进行数值模拟,对比分析了桩身加速度、内力及变形的数值模拟结果与振动台试验结果,验证了数值模拟在计算地震响应下桩身变化规律的准确性。于磊等[3]进行了单桩-土-结构振动台试验的数值模拟分析,底部基础采用单端承桩,同时以质量块来改变上部配重,并对模型输入脉冲波及RG160地震波,研究上部质量刚度变化时桩身的地震反应规律,对比分析了数值模拟与振动台试验的桩身内力与位移结果,为振动台试验模型设计提供了理论依据。李小军等[4]针对核电厂CAP1400核岛结构地震反应问题,建立了原型、1/16以及1/40缩尺的3个结构模型进行数值模拟,研究缩尺模型对地震反应的影响,并进行了1/16缩尺模型的振动台试验,将试验所得的自振频率、加速度反应谱与数值模拟结果进行对比,得出了原型与较大缩尺模型(1/16)的数值模拟结果与振动台试验结果有较好的一致性的结论。沈亮等[5]以某核岛厂房简化模型为研究对象,分别计算了4种不同基岩条件下,不同基础的埋置方法对核岛厂房的地震动力响应影响,并说明软土地基条件与地震动输入等因素有较大关系,需要进行专门的分析研究。尹训强等[6]采用SuperFLUSH平台,对某土质地基条件下的CPR1000堆型反应堆厂房进行了模拟研究,采用等价线性模型考虑土体非线性,分析对比了计算所得的监测点加速度反应谱及位移,发现了考虑土-结相互作用(soil-structure interaction,SSI)效应与土体非线性带来的影响。于旭等[7]基于土-桩-结构的振动台试验模型,通过ABAQUS软件建立了三维有限元模型,在考虑土体非线性特性的情况下进行了试验各工况的数值模拟计算,对比了试验与模拟的楼层加速度放大系数,并得出了结构体系在考虑SSI效应以及土体非线性特性下的数值模拟试验与振动台试验在加速度响应下的规律性认知基本一致的结论。
国外许多学者在土-结相互作用方面的数值模拟也做了许多研究。BAYHAN[8]对钢筋混凝土结构在双向地震模拟振动台上非线性地震反应进行了数值模拟研究,建立了三维非线性分析模型,并得出模型建立的细节能够影响数值模拟结果与振动台试验结果的拟合程度的结论。FIROJ等[9]采用Drucker-Prager[10]本构模型考虑土体材料非线性,建立了基础-土-核电结构的三维有限元模型,分别计算了筏基、群桩基础以及桩筏基础下的体系地震响应,并与线性计算结果进行对比。ALISAWI等[11]开展了一系列软土-桩-上部结构的振动台试验数值模拟研究,分别采用修正Mohr-Coulomb[12]、Drucker-Prager以及Cam-Clay[13]本构模型考虑土体非线性,对比分析了3种数值模拟模型以及振动台试验的试验结果,寻找到了一种模拟较为准确的土体非线性本构模型。PITILAKIS等[14]、GOKTEPE等[15]、EL HOSENY等[16]进行了一系列土-结体系的振动台试验,并采用线性数值模拟的方法进行地震响应计算,将数值模拟结果与振动台试验结果进行对比,研究不同埋深以及模型缩尺效应对地震响应的影响,从而验证数值模拟的准确性。DE BORBÓN等[17]、MISTRY等[18]进行了不同土质情况大型核电厂房土-结相互作用的数值模拟研究,分析试验结果给出了模型参数以及考虑土-结相互作用对核电厂房地震响应的影响,为实际核电厂房设计提供参考依据。
综合以上可知,对软土地基下的核岛厂房振动台试验数值模拟研究较为缺乏,并且其中还有许多问题未得到有效解决。首先,大部分试验研究中为还原真实的结构模型均在数值模拟试验中建立了与实际结构非常接近的大型数值模拟模型,大型核电厂结构的数值模拟研究能够为实际核电厂抗震设计提供参考依据,但这样的试验方式存在着模型建立复杂以及试验结果准确性检验的问题,采用振动台试验进行数值模拟研究将更为高效精确。
根据以上研究现状所存在的问题,本文将Davidenkov[19-20]本构模型应用在计算更为高效的显-隐式相结合的土-结相互作用分区分析方法(partitioned analysis of soil-structure interaction,PASSI)中[21-22],对软土地基-核电结构的振动台模型试验进行了数值模拟计算,在验证PASSI算法准确性的同时并分析了该类模型的地震响应特征。
采用显-隐式相结合[23]的积分格式对土-结进行相互作用分析,相比传统方法计算效率更高。土体(显式积分方法)及边界计算采用自编的Fortran程序(PASSI),结构采用ANSYS软件进行隐式积分方法[24]的计算。计算分析原理见图1
本数值模拟方法采用人工透射边界[25],将地基无限域通过人工边界截取为有限域,并将有限域土体离散为八节点六面体实体单元。根据节点性质的不同将土体划分为人工边界点、土体内部点以及土体与基础相连的点。
土体内部节点的计算公式为
式中:ui为节点i的加速度向量;Mi为集中质量矩阵;Fi为作用于节点i的本构力和外荷载向量。
式(1)中的Fi计算式为
式中,
式中:MiKiCi分别为该时刻质量矩阵、刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵;B为几何矩阵;D为弹性矩阵;αβ为瑞雷阻尼系数。
式(3)中D可以表示为
式中:ν为泊松比;G为剪切弹性模量。
对式(1)采用显式差分格式,如式(6)、式(7)所示:
则式(1)可重新写为
式中:Δt为时间步距;分别为节点it=pΔt时刻的加速度向量、速度向量和位移向量。
以上为仅考虑线性情形的土体运动方程,当考虑土体非线性[26-27]计算场地地震响应时,由式(3)~式(5)可知,刚度阵与G成正比,因此每一时步刚度阵可通过初始刚度阵乘以G/Gmax得到,即本数值模拟试验采用的显-隐式计算程序中所定义的土体材料非线性变化系数COE,因此在本数值模拟计算中只需对每时刻刚度阵进行系数调整,不需要重新形成新的刚度阵。
Davidenkov本构模型骨架曲线表达式为
式中,
式中:τ为土体的剪应力;γ为土体的剪应变;Gmax为土体的原始的剪切模量;ABγ0为土体的一些相应的试验的参数[28]。根据振动台试验所给的土体资料,采用Origin制图软件,对试验中的土体非线性资料进行对应的曲线拟合,即可得到考虑土体材料非线性的数值模拟中更新土体每一时刻剪切模量的3个试验参数,即ABγ0
采用中心差分格式可得基础的运动方程为
式中:为基础在P时步的位移;MF为基础的质量矩阵;Fp为基础中心在t=pΔt时刻受到的作用力。最终可表示为
式中H为几何变换矩阵。
上部结构的运动方程为
式中:MKC分别为质量矩阵、刚度矩阵和阻尼矩阵。
该项目采用了振动台模型试验方法,针对软土地基核岛厂房的地基适应性进行研究,分析软土地基核岛厂房在采用桩基和筏基时的地震动力响应特征(楼层放大系数及反应谱分析),桩基地震动力响应特征(桩身加速度、应变反应分析和桩土接触压力分析),以及沿土层深度方向加速度和土压力分布,为核岛厂房软土地基适应性研究和设计提供科技支撑。
试验中共设计了2个混凝土结构试验模型。混凝土结构试验模型中1个用于采用筏基模型时的振动台试验,1个用于采用桩基模型时的振动台试验,如图2所示。
桩基模型用于模拟嵌固于基岩中的端承桩。振动台试验制作完成的桩基及桩基的传感器布设如图3所示。
试验模拟中硬土层。模型土平均密度为1.80 g/cm3,模型土剪切波速约为212.9 m/s。模型箱示意图如图4所示。
试验中选用输入的3种地震波的地震动时程及傅氏谱如图5所示。
采用振动台试验模型中的筏基-混凝土结构工况验证数值模拟的准确性及可靠性。为方便模型建立,将圆形模型箱等效为方形模型箱建立土体模型。采用土体模型为2.8 m×2.8 m×2.3 m,建立0.05 m×0.05 m×0.05 m的八节点六面体实体单元。结构总高1.85 m,选取结构模型为0.05 m×0.05 m×0.05 m的SHELL181单元,对结构底部与土体的接触点进行约束连结。该工况模型的具体参数见图6表1
对上述模型输入如图7所示的单位脉冲。时间步长为0.00002 s,脉冲宽度为0.1 s,持续时间为1.0 s。
采用Fortran语言自行编制的有限元程序(PASSI)和ANSYS程序对结构顶部及底部X向位移进行结果比较,可见计算结果吻合良好,从而验证了程序的准确性及可靠性如图8所示。
以振动台试验中的土-筏基-混凝土结构模型为试验对象,通过软件建模及数值模拟计算对比分析试验结果与模拟结果,讨论并分析软土地基下筏基-混凝土结构的地震响应特征。数值模拟试验模型见图6
振动台试验中加速度放大系数采用式(14)计算:
加速度放大系数试验结果如图9所示。
图9可知,不同地震波输入情况下土体和结构的加速度放大系数不同,突变处揭示了土-结相互作用的存在。同时,可以看出振动台试验与考虑土体非线性的数值模拟结果,在土层部分放大系数线性增加,经过土体与结构接触部位的突变后在结构部分再次线性增加。
试验中为详细分析输入地震波特性对结构反应谱的影响,以输入幅值0.10 g为例,对比分析4种输入地震波下的结构各层的楼板反应谱,如图10所示。
振动台试验与考虑土体非线性的数值模拟所得出的基底土压力时程如图11所示。
根据振动台试验筏基底部土压力时程图(图11(a))可知,在14.4~18 s的时间段中,筏板底部土压力呈现“东增西减”、“东减西增”,都处于受压状态,但相位相反。同时可以看到在15、17 s等时刻下两侧竖向土压力的变化量是不相等的。对比分析数值模拟计算出的筏基底部土压力时程(图11(b)),筏板底部两侧的土压力大小基本一致,且相位也一致,没有出现振动台试验中的“东高西低”的情况。可能原因是数值模拟只考虑了土体的材料非线性,未考虑土体与筏基之间的接触非线性。
振动台试验中为研究桩基布设对核电厂房的影响制作重塑土层-群桩基础-核岛厂房振动台模型。为研究分析桩基核岛厂房的地震响应,分析桩基在核岛厂房地震响应中的作用,进行了桩基-混凝土框架结构的振动台试验。数值模拟均参考振动台试验模型进行模型建立以及地震响应分析。振动台桩基-结构试验模型于前文中阐述,此处不再赘述,主要介绍参照振动台模型建立的数值模拟计算模型。土-桩基-混凝土结构数值模拟具体的模型尺寸及参数如图12表2表3所示。
数值模拟监测点位置选取参照振动台试验桩基应变片的布置位置,如图13所示。
振动台试验中加速度放大系数采用均方根加速度计算加速度放大系数,其处理计算方法见式(14),计算所得加速度放大系数如图14所示。
图14中可知,不同幅值的地震波和频谱对桩基的放大系数影响不大,但在振动台试验中混凝土结构模型的底板处有一个突变,而本文的数值模拟计算方法在应用于群桩-混凝土模型时未合理考虑振动台试验中桩基的开裂出现的桩基破坏,即桩基的非线性,从而导致在结构底部接触面(0 m)没有出现突变现象。由加速度放大系数结果可知,考虑土体非线性的数值模拟能较好地吻合振动台试验结果。
以输入幅值0.20 g为例,对比4种输入地震波下的结构各层的楼板反应谱,如图15所示。
振动台试验中桩基开裂点位的应变时程与数值模拟所选监测点应变时程如图16所示。选取调幅0.20 g的RG160地震波X向进行输入。
另外,振动台试验中注意到角桩(3、7号桩)也出现开裂现象,其试验结果与模拟结果如图17所示。
图17中可知,考虑土体非线性的数值模拟同样在3、7号桩处产生了较大应变,说明本文所采用的方法可较好的描述地震作用下桩基应变变化。产生差异的原因可能为振动台试验中桩基开裂为混凝土开裂,会进入塑性阶段。而数值模拟中未考虑桩基的非线性,从而产生差异。
各桩基在输入X向调幅0.20 g的各地震波作用下的应变包络图如图18所示。
图18可知,所有桩的最大应变都发生在桩头,而边桩和角桩在桩底应变也达到开裂应变状态,而中心桩除了在桩头开裂外,桩身应变都小于开裂应变。两者试验结果在3、7号桩处差距较大,可能原因是数值模拟为较理想状态,振动台试验中可能由于存在桩基破坏,导致未出现对称破坏的结果。
振动台试验中对桩基弯矩进行了结果分析,为验证数值模拟的准确性,选取同样的桩基进行桩身弯矩计算并对比分析,如图19所示。
图19可知,桩身弯矩的分布情况与桩的宏观破坏现象基本一致。数值模拟结果较好地反映了这一现象,两者试验存在差距的原因可能是数值模拟未考虑桩基破坏(即桩基的非线性)。
本文采用PASSI算法进行软土地基核岛厂房振动台试验的数值模拟,对筏基-混凝土结构以及桩基-混凝土结构的振动台试验进行了数值模拟,并对计算得到的加速度放大系数、结构楼层反应谱、筏基底部土压力、桩身应变以及桩身弯矩进行了对比分析,在验证PASSI算法的准确性及可靠性的同时得到以下主要结论:
1)筏板基础下的土-结动力相互作用,由于上部结构的存在,会改变土体的放大作用,土-结体系的地震反应与输入地震波频率特征有关,考虑土体非线性的数值模拟的加速度放大系数以及反应谱结果同样反映了上述规律,与试验结果吻合良好。
2)数值模拟中的筏板基础底部两侧土压力时程未出现振动台试验中的筏板基础底部两侧土压力时程相位相反的情形,可能是数值模拟中未考虑土体与基础的接触非线性,所以没有较好地还原试验中基础出现的转动与滑移现象。
3)在桩基-混凝土结构的试验中,加速度放大系数以承台为拐点,在桩身部分与结构部分呈现一定的线性关系,考虑土体非线性的数值模拟加速度放大系数能较好地吻合振动台试验所表现出的规律;楼板谱的特性与地震动的频谱特征等有关。
4)数值模拟试验在桩身应变与弯矩结果上较为接近振动台试验,且规律符合桩基的破坏现象,但因数值模拟未考虑桩基破坏非线性导致两者结果存在一定差异。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(U2039209; 51978337)
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2024年第44卷第4期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0405
  • 接收时间:2023-05-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-19
  • 修回日期:2023-09-18
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(U2039209; 51978337)
作者信息
    1.南京航空航天大学 民航学院,江苏 南京 210016
    2.山东科技大学 安全与环境工程学院,山东 青岛 266590
    3.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080

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陈少林(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事地震工程研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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