Article(id=1245390006303437787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0307, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1681315200000, receivedDateStr=2023-04-13, revisedDate=1693929600000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-06, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853715730, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853715730, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853715730, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853715730, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390004252426256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='230', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853715241, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854338522, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392618545332491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392618545332492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=73, endPage=83, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390006534124508, articleId=1245390006303437787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Two-parameter earthquake damage model and damage analysis of reinforced concrete grid shear walls, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the damage evolution law of reinforced concrete grid shear wall under earthquake action, the existing two-parameter earthquake damage model of reinforced concrete members is modified, and the earthquake damage model suitable for grid shear wall is proposed. Using the grey incidence method, the test information of grid shear wall is analyzed, the key design parameters are determined, and the formula for calculating the combined coefficient of damage model is given. The effects of shear span ratio, axial load ratio, vertical limb width and transverse limb height on the damage of grid shear wall are studied, and the relationship between the main parameters and the damage evolution of grid shear wall is obtained. Based on the proposed damage model, the damage index of grid shear walls is calculated. According to the damage state of specimens, grid shear walls were divided into five damage levels including basically intact, mild damage, moderate damage, severe damage and collapse failure, and the damage index range of different damage states was calibrated.

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为了研究钢筋混凝土网格剪力墙在地震作用下的损伤演化规律,对已有钢筋混凝土构件双参数地震损伤模型进行修正,提出了适用于网格剪力墙的地震损伤模型;利用灰色关联方法,对网格剪力墙试验信息进行分析,确定关键设计参数,给出损伤模型中的组合系数计算公式。研究了剪跨比、轴压比、竖肢宽度和横肢高度等参数对网格墙损伤的影响,得到网格剪力墙主要影响参数与损伤演化的关系。基于所提出的损伤模型,计算了网格剪力墙的损伤指数,根据网格剪力墙构件破坏程度将其划分为基本完好、轻微破坏、中度破坏、严重破坏和倒塌失效5个损伤等级,标定了不同损伤等级的损伤指数区间。

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张微敬(1969—),女,教授,博士,主要从事建筑结构抗震的研究。E-mail:

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张微敬(1969—),女,教授,博士,主要从事建筑结构抗震的研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Damage evolution analysis of RC shear wall based on nonlinear combination of deformation and hysteretic energy, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1245390021604258489, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, awardId=52078012, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52078012), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245390015249887526, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390015254081830, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, companyId=1245390015249887526, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390015262470439, 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journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Proportion of the displacement term and the energy term in the damage model, figureFileSmall=uWkUaQ9yIcGyuDQyaKzloQ==, figureFileBig=jjDcWF24CrMoGEsWK/RCYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390017598697956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=图2, caption=位移项与耗能项在损伤模型中所占的比例, figureFileSmall=uWkUaQ9yIcGyuDQyaKzloQ==, figureFileBig=jjDcWF24CrMoGEsWK/RCYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390017686778347, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Diagram of grid shear wall, figureFileSmall=A075OybiS1q70VcOPIzmhQ==, figureFileBig=vGfDsy723h2Xz0kMuQvd4g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390017779053044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=图3, 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language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Comparison of damage curves of grid walls with different shear-span ratios, figureFileSmall=t6O/Z4eYEIi+N715AA+rng==, figureFileBig=U7MmsAF4TxH8tczh3kQ40Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018664051233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同剪跨比网格墙损伤曲线比较, figureFileSmall=t6O/Z4eYEIi+N715AA+rng==, figureFileBig=U7MmsAF4TxH8tczh3kQ40Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018764714533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Comparison of damage curves of grid walls under different axial load ratios, figureFileSmall=l0+tGMLcf3xUgaSTjfbC1Q==, figureFileBig=i3ox5jVLHe1yrBAS5uAdVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018890543662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同轴压比网格墙损伤曲线比较, figureFileSmall=l0+tGMLcf3xUgaSTjfbC1Q==, figureFileBig=i3ox5jVLHe1yrBAS5uAdVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018999595574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Comparison of damage curves of grid walls with different vertical limb widths, figureFileSmall=afx3Epi7zU0iAm/E+ISlZQ==, figureFileBig=AoS8fpirD6bZ5qb1kbuJrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019104453180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同竖肢宽度网格墙损伤曲线比较, figureFileSmall=afx3Epi7zU0iAm/E+ISlZQ==, figureFileBig=AoS8fpirD6bZ5qb1kbuJrw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019221893698, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Comparison of damage curves of grid walls with different horizontal limb heights, figureFileSmall=zfmBGIhIX1lA9tTSFRnaag==, figureFileBig=pYlDxmiE8aQ1Vxpu9+oRgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019301585481, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同横肢高度网格墙损伤曲线比较, figureFileSmall=zfmBGIhIX1lA9tTSFRnaag==, figureFileBig=pYlDxmiE8aQ1Vxpu9+oRgg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019410637389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Comparison of damage curves of grid walls with different concrete strengths, figureFileSmall=bIfdrBz5QBl0VjUBZQr6IA==, figureFileBig=ZnU+oeMdNpVzzfaabedZGg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019494523473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=图11, caption=不同混凝土强度网格墙损伤曲线比较, figureFileSmall=bIfdrBz5QBl0VjUBZQr6IA==, figureFileBig=ZnU+oeMdNpVzzfaabedZGg==, tableContent=null), 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ArticleFig(id=1245390019867816551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=图13, caption=RC网格墙损伤程度对应试验现象, figureFileSmall=0TnphJIA/WKXPYbSQyZr2A==, figureFileBig=+4BspZDW/8crvpbiIJYxeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019968479849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of the selected RC grid shear wall specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号尺寸(高×长×厚)/mm剪跨比混凝土设计强度设计轴压比水平钢筋竖向钢筋
文献[2]W12600×1400×2001.96C400.15
W22600×1400×2001.96C400.3
W32600×1400×2001.96C400.15
W42600×1400×2001.96C400.3
W51400×1400×2001.11C400.3
文献[4]W62600×1500×2002.02C300.2Ф6Ф6
W72600×1350×1202.02C300.3Ф6Ф6
W81400×1500×2001.13C300.2Ф6Ф6
W91400×1350×1201.13C300.3Ф6Ф6
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020069143151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

所选RC网格剪力墙试件基本信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号尺寸(高×长×厚)/mm剪跨比混凝土设计强度设计轴压比水平钢筋竖向钢筋
文献[2]W12600×1400×2001.96C400.15
W22600×1400×2001.96C400.3
W32600×1400×2001.96C400.15
W42600×1400×2001.96C400.3
W51400×1400×2001.11C400.3
文献[4]W62600×1500×2002.02C300.2Ф6Ф6
W72600×1350×1202.02C300.3Ф6Ф6
W81400×1500×2001.13C300.2Ф6Ф6
W91400×1350×1201.13C300.3Ф6Ф6
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020283052664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Tests and analysis data of the selected RC grid shear wall specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号Qy/kNδy/mmδp/mmδm/mmδu/mmdE /(N•m)βwt
文献[2]W1193.6010.9134.6744.9061.70198090.788
W2263.2111.3126.1034.1645.16242300.876
W3211.0410.5534.5450.9475.24273680.756
W4280.949.4127.2633.1546.15291020.866
W5428.983.7610.7215.2718.89117090.808
文献[4]W660.693.8115.3644.2370.8070160.659
W753.592.0918.9654.5278.7380650.758
W8110.831.177.2230.4243.83115620.825
W998.161.347.2821.5431.2068030.810
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020379521664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

所选RC网格剪力墙试件试验及计算数据

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号Qy/kNδy/mmδp/mmδm/mmδu/mmdE /(N•m)βwt
文献[2]W1193.6010.9134.6744.9061.70198090.788
W2263.2111.3126.1034.1645.16242300.876
W3211.0410.5534.5450.9475.24273680.756
W4280.949.4127.2633.1546.15291020.866
W5428.983.7610.7215.2718.89117090.808
文献[4]W660.693.8115.3644.2370.8070160.659
W753.592.0918.9654.5278.7380650.758
W8110.831.177.2230.4243.83115620.825
W998.161.347.2821.5431.2068030.810
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020463407747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Grey incidence degree analysis values

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关联参数试件编号关联度γ
文献[2]文献[4]
W1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9
剪跨比λ1.961.961.961.961.112.022.021.131.130.71
混凝土强度fcu/MPa37.9037.9037.9037.9037.9036.6722.8636.6722.860.82
轴压比n00.150.300.150.300.300.200.300.200.300.73
横肢高度bst/mm2002002002002001201201201200.73
竖肢宽度bsl/mm1101102102101101501501501500.74
水平钢筋配筋率ρh/%0.390.390.390.390.250.400.400.400.400.86
竖向钢筋配筋率ρv/%0.710.710.380.381.030.320.320.320.320.59
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020568265355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

灰色关联度分析数值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
关联参数试件编号关联度γ
文献[2]文献[4]
W1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9
剪跨比λ1.961.961.961.961.112.022.021.131.130.71
混凝土强度fcu/MPa37.9037.9037.9037.9037.9036.6722.8636.6722.860.82
轴压比n00.150.300.150.300.300.200.300.200.300.73
横肢高度bst/mm2002002002002001201201201200.73
竖肢宽度bsl/mm1101102102101101501501501500.74
水平钢筋配筋率ρh/%0.390.390.390.390.250.400.400.400.400.86
竖向钢筋配筋率ρv/%0.710.710.380.381.030.320.320.320.320.59
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020664734353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Grid shear walls of different design parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号试件尺寸/mm剪跨比混凝土设计强度设计轴压比n0水平钢筋配筋率ρh/%竖向钢筋配筋率ρv/%
W102600×1400×2001.96C400.150.250.71
W112600×1400×2001.96C400.150.570.71
W122600×1400×2001.96C400.300.250.71
W132600×1400×2001.96C400.300.570.71
W142600×1400×2001.96C300.150.390.71
W152600×1400×2001.96C500.150.390.71
W162600×1400×2001.96C300.300.390.71
W172600×1400×2001.96C500.300.390.71
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020765397653, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同设计参数网格剪力墙

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号试件尺寸/mm剪跨比混凝土设计强度设计轴压比n0水平钢筋配筋率ρh/%竖向钢筋配筋率ρv/%
W102600×1400×2001.96C400.150.250.71
W112600×1400×2001.96C400.150.570.71
W122600×1400×2001.96C400.300.250.71
W132600×1400×2001.96C400.300.570.71
W142600×1400×2001.96C300.150.390.71
W152600×1400×2001.96C500.150.390.71
W162600×1400×2001.96C300.300.390.71
W172600×1400×2001.96C500.300.390.71
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020857672346, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Damage state and the corresponding drift of RC grid shear wall

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤程度损伤状态描述位移角均值标准差
基本完好(DS1)结构功能完整,有裂缝出现在横肢两端1/14061/6245
轻微破坏(DS2)横竖肢普遍出现裂缝,少数EPS混凝土出现裂缝1/4171/667
中度破坏(DS3)横竖肢混凝土轻微脱落,横肢和竖肢形成交叉斜裂缝,EPS混凝土大面积出现斜裂缝1/1221/322
严重破坏(DS4)横竖肢混凝土开裂严重,部分EPS混凝土脱落,受压侧保护层大块剥落,露出部分钢筋1/791/400
倒塌失效(DS5)多处混凝土横竖肢剥落,墙体底部混凝土被压碎,纵筋屈曲1/641/277
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020962529953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

RC网格剪力墙损伤状态及相应的位移角

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤程度损伤状态描述位移角均值标准差
基本完好(DS1)结构功能完整,有裂缝出现在横肢两端1/14061/6245
轻微破坏(DS2)横竖肢普遍出现裂缝,少数EPS混凝土出现裂缝1/4171/667
中度破坏(DS3)横竖肢混凝土轻微脱落,横肢和竖肢形成交叉斜裂缝,EPS混凝土大面积出现斜裂缝1/1221/322
严重破坏(DS4)横竖肢混凝土开裂严重,部分EPS混凝土脱落,受压侧保护层大块剥落,露出部分钢筋1/791/400
倒塌失效(DS5)多处混凝土横竖肢剥落,墙体底部混凝土被压碎,纵筋屈曲1/641/277
), ArticleFig(id=1245390021063193254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Damage index statistics of RC grid shear wall specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤等级损伤指数均值μ标准差σ
文献[2]文献[4]
W1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9
DS10.040.050.030.040.050.040.030.030.050.040.01
DS20.170.250.140.200.190.060.040.040.070.130.08
DS30.750.640.610.670.640.260.280.200.270.480.22
DS40.880.770.770.800.800.640.770.770.740.770.06
DS50.980.940.980.981.000.931.051.000.990.980.04
), ArticleFig(id=1245390021180633770, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

RC网格剪力墙试件损伤指数统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤等级损伤指数均值μ标准差σ
文献[2]文献[4]
W1W2W3W4W5W6W7W8W9
DS10.040.050.030.040.050.040.030.030.050.040.01
DS20.170.250.140.200.190.060.040.040.070.130.08
DS30.750.640.610.670.640.260.280.200.270.480.22
DS40.880.770.770.800.800.640.770.770.740.770.06
DS50.980.940.980.981.000.931.051.000.990.980.04
), ArticleFig(id=1245390021298074285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Damage index distribution of RC grid shear walls

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤程度DS1DS2DS3DS4DS5
损伤指数[0,0.05)[0.05,0.15)[0.15,0.50)[0.50,0.80)[0.80,1.00]
), ArticleFig(id=1245390021444874929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006303437787, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

RC 网格剪力墙损伤指数分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
损伤程度DS1DS2DS3DS4DS5
损伤指数[0,0.05)[0.05,0.15)[0.15,0.50)[0.50,0.80)[0.80,1.00]
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钢筋混凝土网格剪力墙双参数地震损伤模型及损伤分析
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张微敬 , 杨功达
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(3): 73-83
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(3): 73-83
钢筋混凝土网格剪力墙双参数地震损伤模型及损伤分析
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张微敬 , 杨功达
作者信息
  • 北京工业大学 城市建设学部,北京 100124
  • 张微敬(1969—),女,教授,博士,主要从事建筑结构抗震的研究。E-mail:

Two-parameter earthquake damage model and damage analysis of reinforced concrete grid shear walls
Weijing ZHANG , Gongda YANG
Affiliations
  • Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0307
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为了研究钢筋混凝土网格剪力墙在地震作用下的损伤演化规律,对已有钢筋混凝土构件双参数地震损伤模型进行修正,提出了适用于网格剪力墙的地震损伤模型;利用灰色关联方法,对网格剪力墙试验信息进行分析,确定关键设计参数,给出损伤模型中的组合系数计算公式。研究了剪跨比、轴压比、竖肢宽度和横肢高度等参数对网格墙损伤的影响,得到网格剪力墙主要影响参数与损伤演化的关系。基于所提出的损伤模型,计算了网格剪力墙的损伤指数,根据网格剪力墙构件破坏程度将其划分为基本完好、轻微破坏、中度破坏、严重破坏和倒塌失效5个损伤等级,标定了不同损伤等级的损伤指数区间。

网格剪力墙  /  地震损伤模型  /  损伤指数  /  组合系数  /  损伤分析

In order to study the damage evolution law of reinforced concrete grid shear wall under earthquake action, the existing two-parameter earthquake damage model of reinforced concrete members is modified, and the earthquake damage model suitable for grid shear wall is proposed. Using the grey incidence method, the test information of grid shear wall is analyzed, the key design parameters are determined, and the formula for calculating the combined coefficient of damage model is given. The effects of shear span ratio, axial load ratio, vertical limb width and transverse limb height on the damage of grid shear wall are studied, and the relationship between the main parameters and the damage evolution of grid shear wall is obtained. Based on the proposed damage model, the damage index of grid shear walls is calculated. According to the damage state of specimens, grid shear walls were divided into five damage levels including basically intact, mild damage, moderate damage, severe damage and collapse failure, and the damage index range of different damage states was calibrated.

grid shear walls  /  earthquake damage model  /  damage index  /  combination coefficient  /  damage analysis
张微敬, 杨功达. 钢筋混凝土网格剪力墙双参数地震损伤模型及损伤分析. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (3) : 73 -83 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0307
Weijing ZHANG, Gongda YANG. Two-parameter earthquake damage model and damage analysis of reinforced concrete grid shear walls[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (3) : 73 -83 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0307
20世纪70年代,模板、保温结构一体化的现浇混凝土承重体系在欧美各国得到重视并迅速发展,代表的典型体系有:奥地利Rastra体系、美国ICF体系、德国Soform体系等。上述体系引入我国后,结合我国建筑和施工的特点,自行研制开发或创新了诸多新体系。其中,保温砌模现浇混凝土网格剪力墙结构是结合保温、隔热、隔声和防火于一体的新型建筑结构体系[1]。网格剪力墙采用轻质保温空心砌模为砌块,砌模以聚苯颗粒(expanded polystyrene,EPS)混凝土为材料,经工厂预制,现场砌筑,对孔错缝等工序构成现浇墙体的模板。为加快施工进度、适应装配式建筑的发展,保温砌模升级为设置竖向孔和横向孔的保温墙模,浇筑混凝土,形成保温墙模钢筋混凝土网格剪力墙[2-3]。钢筋混凝土网格剪力墙是模板保温体系的主要承重构件,国内外对网格剪力墙(简称网格墙)的抗震性能进行了系列研究。张微敬等[4]对横竖肢中心距均为400 mm的网格剪力墙进行了拟静力试验研究,结果表明不同剪跨比的试件破坏形态基本相同,墙体上裂缝分布均匀,两端竖肢底部的混凝土局部压碎而破坏,砌模和EPS混凝土起到耗能的作用。DUSICKA等[5]研究了高宽比以及竖向荷载对于网格剪力墙墙体破坏模式的影响,结果表明高宽比不同的网格墙均由于竖肢的剪切破坏而导致墙体破坏,施加竖向荷载可提高墙体侧向承载力,但对不同高宽比网格墙的变形能力影响不同。
地震作用下,剪力墙结构会产生损伤[6],一般采用损伤指数D衡量构件及结构的损伤程度。当D = 0时,代表没有损伤;当D = 1时,代表损伤累积过大而导致破坏。目前对于网格剪力墙的相关研究主要集中在构造和抗震性能方面[7],尚没有提出网格剪力墙的损伤指数及性能指标。
本文修正了双参数地震损伤模型,使其适用于网格剪力墙。通过对已有的网格墙试件信息进行灰色关联度分析,确定关键参数,给出模型组合系数计算公式;进行参数分析,给出网格墙主要影响参数与损伤演化的关系;进行网格剪力墙损伤分析,给出损伤程度与损伤系数对应关系,为完善网格剪力墙的性能评估方法提供参考。
PARK和ANG[8]根据大量的梁、柱破坏试验资料,提出了基于最大变形和累积滞回耗能组合的双参数地震损伤模型,简称为Park-Ang模型,其表达式为
式中:δ为构件往复荷载下的变形;δu为单调加载下构件的极限变形;Qy为构件的屈服强度;β为构件的损伤耗能系数;为构件的累积滞回耗能。D值的变化范围为0~1,变化遵循单调递增的规律且不可逆。
在Park-Ang双参数损伤模型式(1)的基础上,国内外学者进行了很多研究和修正[9]。王东升等[10]通过引入与加载路径相关的能量项加权参数βi,提出了改进的Park-Ang双参数能量损伤模型,其表达式为
式中,βi为能量加权系数,与加载路径相关。损伤系数β与构件的耗能特征相关,剪力墙构件的耗能特征则与设计参数存在强关联关系。
郑建波[11]在保留Park-Ang损伤模型基本形式不变的前提下,提出采用累积耗能与单调荷载下的塑性耗能比值作为能量项。计算单调荷载下的塑性耗能能力时,可简化为理想弹塑性恢复模型,将式(1)中能量项的分母替换为Qyδu-δy)。应勇等[12]依据试验数据,提出了适用于钢筋混凝土剪力墙的双参数地震损伤模型,给出了计算参数,得到式(3):
式中δm为构件在地震下的极限变形。
已有的损伤模型无法直接应用于网格剪力墙,主要包括2个原因:其一是多数损伤模型研究对象是梁、柱构件,对剪力墙、尤其是网格剪力墙并不适用;其二是当剪力墙位移达到极限位移时,按照Park-Ang方法计算得到的损伤指数并不为1,与实际情况不符[13]。针对以上问题,本文在已有改进的Park-Ang损伤模型基础上,考虑到剪力墙的变形对构件的损伤贡献一般大于累积滞回耗能的影响,提出网格剪力墙地震损伤模型公式为
式中:βw为损伤模型组合系数,取值范围为0~1,下文将结合网格墙特点给出其计算公式;δ为构件在往复加载过程中的位移;δy为构件屈服位移;δu为构件在单调加载下的极限变形。
为了研究网格墙的损伤模型,选用9个网格剪力墙试件进行计算分析,如表1所示。所选试件符合如下条件:①试件为一字形截面网格剪力墙;②试件的详细尺寸和截面布置、试件的加载方法和材料参数等数据齐全;③试验完整地记录了试件的力-位移滞回曲线;④试件承受墙面内水平往复加载。
假定位移δ加载至构件往复荷载下的极限变形δm时,墙体损伤达到最大值,此时损伤指数D值为1,代入式(4)中,反推出损伤模型组合系数试验值βwt,得到式(5):
式中:极限变形δm取构件承载力下降到85%峰值荷载时对应的位移;δy为构件屈服位移;δu为构件在单调加载下的极限变形,根据数值模拟得到。
为求得δu,采用有限元软件MSC.MARC,按照文献[14]提出的建模方法,对表1中的试件进行数值模拟,并与实测数据对比。图1给出试件W1的仿真分析结果,模拟的滞回曲线、骨架曲线均与试验结果吻合良好,验证了有限元模型的有效性。采用相同的数值模拟方法,即可求得单调加载下的各试件极限变形。
将所选试件的屈服荷载Qy、屈服位移δy、最大承载力时的位移δp、往复作用下极限变形δm、有限元仿真所得的单调作用下极限变形δu、累积滞回耗能列入表2。表中最后一列按照式(5)计算出的网格剪力墙试件的损伤模型组合系数试验值βwt
破坏状态下网格墙试件W1~W9位移项与耗能项在损伤模型中所占的比例关系,如图2所示。由图可知,网格墙的位移项及耗能项在损伤模型中的占比关系,除试件W6和W7接近外,其他均为位移项远大于耗能项,表明网格墙的损伤主要由位移所控制。
网格剪力墙与普通的实体剪力墙不同,有其独有的特点。为提取网格剪力墙抗震性能的主要影响参数,首先选取如下初步设计参数:
1)剪跨比λ:剪跨比计算公式为λ = L0/hw,其中:L0为加载点至地梁顶面距离,hw为剪力墙墙肢截面高度。
2)混凝土强度:实测混凝土立方体抗压强度fcu
3)轴压比n0:采用设计轴压比为n0 = N/fcA,其中:N为施加的竖向力,fc为混凝土轴心抗压强度设计值,A为网格剪力墙扣除洞口的截面面积。
4)网格剪力墙横肢高度bh
5)网格剪力墙竖肢宽度bv
6)水平钢筋有效配筋率ρh:水平钢筋面积与横肢截面面积的比值。
7)竖向钢筋有效配筋率ρv:竖向钢筋面积与竖肢截面面积的比值。
其中,网格剪力墙横肢、竖肢如图3(a)所示,水平钢筋、竖向钢筋如图3(b)所示。
本文选用灰色关联方法,分析上述初步设计参数对网格剪力墙损伤程度的影响大小。灰色关联可以反映各指标数据之间变化趋势的异同,该方法用灰色关联度表征关系的密切程度,关联度越大说明数据越接近,通过关联度和关联矩阵来决定关联序列,可以较好地确定不同参数对网格剪力墙损伤的影响程度。灰色关联分析步骤如下[15]
1)确定比较数列(设计参数)Xij)= {Xi(1),Xi(2),…,Xij)}和参考数列(损伤模型系数βwtX0j)= {X0(1),X0(2),…,X0j)}。
2)数据标准化,对原始数列进行无量纲化处理。
3)通过式(5)计算关联系数eij,其表达式为
式中,θ为分辨系数,根据文献[16],取值为0.5。
4)两参数序列的关联度γ计算。按式(7)将两参数序列关联系数eij求平均值,得出2个序列间整体关联程度γ。当计算得到关联度γ≥0.7时,具有强相关性。关联度γ越接近1,则关联性越强。
通过表1提供的试件数据,求得所选取的初步设计参数的关联程度,结果如表3图4所示。其中,剪跨比λ、混凝土强度fcu、轴压比n0、横肢高度bh、竖肢宽度bv、水平钢筋配筋率ρh的关联度γ≥0.7,相关性较强,本文选择这6个参数为影响RC网格剪力墙抗震性能及损伤状态的主要设计参数。
通过非线性拟合得到模型组合系数与关键设计参数的关系,拟合得到的βw计算公式为
为了验证计算结果的有效性,将拟合值与试验值进行对比,如图5所示,可见采用式(8)计算得到的拟合值与试验值比较吻合。
表1中网格墙试件W1、W2、W3、W4为对象,按照所提出的网格墙损伤模型式(4)计算损伤指标,与Park-Ang模型式(1)、王东升模型式(2)以及应勇模型式(3)计算得到的损伤指标进行对比,结果如图6所示。其中,网格墙组合系数βw按照式(8)计算,Park-Ang损伤模型的组合系数βw按照建议值取为0.05;王东升损伤模型的组合系数βw取为建议值0.1,临界延性系数μ0按照建议值取为2.5,能量等效系数按照建议值取为0.1。
图6可知,网格墙试件位移达到极限位移时,Park-Ang、王东升及应勇损伤模型的损伤指数D值并不为1,不满足归一化要求,而网格墙模型损伤指数满足归一化要求。在损伤曲线趋势上,位移角较小时,网格墙模型计算结果与Park-Ang模型结果基本一致;位移角较大时,网格墙模型计算的损伤指数大于其他3个模型,应勇模型由于是基于整体现浇剪力墙提出的,因此得到的损伤值较小;王东升模型计算的损伤指数总体较小。
为了研究不同剪跨比、轴压比、竖肢宽度、横肢高度、混凝土强度及水平钢筋配筋率对网格剪力墙构件损伤演化过程的影响,选用表1中的网格剪力墙,并补充设计了8片网格剪力墙,基本信息如表4所示。对于补充设计的8片网格剪力墙,计算损伤指数所需的参数采用数值模拟方法获得。
对影响网格剪力墙损伤指数的6个设计参数进行分析。
1)剪跨比λ。选用表1中文献[2]的试件W2和W5、文献[4]的试件W7和W9,不同剪跨比下2种横肢宽度的网格墙位移角θ-损伤指数D关系曲线,如图7(a)和(b)所示。从损伤曲线可以看出,随着位移角逐渐增加,相同位移角下大剪跨比试件损伤指数低于小剪跨比试件。由此可见,剪跨比较大的试件损伤发展相对较缓,延性相对较好。
2)设计轴压比n0。网格剪力墙试件的轴压比变化范围在0.15~0.30之间,选取表1中试件W1、W2、W3、W4,图8(a)和(b)分别给出了不同设计轴压比下2种竖肢宽度网格墙的位移角θ-损伤指数D关系曲线。从损伤曲线可以看出,高轴压比(轴压比0.3)试件损伤指数显著高于低轴压比(轴压比0.15)试件,且随着位移角逐渐增大,相同位移角下二者之间的损伤指数差异显著加大。
3)竖肢宽度bv。选取表1中试件W1、W2、W3、W4,图9(a)和(b)分别给出了不同竖肢宽度的2种轴压比网格墙的位移角θ-损伤指数D关系曲线。由图可知,当轴压比为0.15时,相同位移角下竖肢宽度较小的试件损伤指数略高于竖肢宽度较大的试件;当轴压比为0.30时,2个试件的损伤曲线在位移角<1%时完全一致,位移角>1%后略有差别。由此可见,在较低轴压比下,适当增加网格剪力墙竖肢宽度是有益的,在较高轴压比下,竖肢宽度对网格剪力墙影响不大。
4)横肢高度bh。选取表1中文献[2]的试件W2和W5、文献[4]的试件W7和W9,图10(a)和(b)分别给出了不同横肢高度的2种剪跨比网格墙的位移角θ-损伤指数D关系曲线。从损伤曲线可以看出,相同位移角下横肢高度较小的试件损伤指数小于横肢高度较大的试件,且随着位移角逐渐增大,二者之间的损伤程度差异显著加大;可见,适当减小网格剪力墙横肢高度是有益的。
5)混凝土强度。选取表4中的试件W14、W15、W16、W17,以及表1中试件W1和W2,图11(a)和(b)分别给出了2种轴压比的试件在不同混凝土强度的情况下,网格墙的位移角θ-损伤指数D关系曲线。从损伤曲线可知,轴压比为0.15时,混凝土强度较低的试件损伤大于较高混凝土强度的试件,且随着位移角的增加,混凝土强度较高的网格剪力墙损伤程度会低于混凝土强度较低的网格剪力墙;轴压比为0.3时,混凝土强度的增加降低了网格墙的延性,使得混凝土强度为C50的试件损伤程度高于混凝土强度为C30及C40的试件。
6)水平钢筋配筋率ρh。选取表4中的试件W10、W11、W12、W13,以及表1中试件W1和W2,图12(a)和(b)分别给出了不同轴压比的试件在不同水平钢筋配筋率的情况下,网格墙的位移角θ-损伤指数D关系曲线。由图12可知,随着位移角增加,配筋率较高的网格墙试件损伤程度显著低于配筋率较低的网格墙试件,增加网格剪力墙的水平钢筋配筋率可以提高网格墙的延性。
参考FEMA P-58[17]和JGJ 3—2010《高层建筑混凝土结构设计规程》[18]的相关规定,结合文献[19-21]提供的RC剪力墙损伤状态分类,本文综合分析试验现象特征,将网格剪力墙的损伤状态分为基本完好(DS1)、轻微破坏(DS2)、中度破坏(DS3)、严重破坏(DS4)、倒塌失效(DS5)5个性能指标,将试件损伤破坏过程中开裂、屈服、峰值以及极限位移作为性能水准的特征点,将表5所示位移角作为结构性能水准的量化指标,并将其进行统计分析,提出了试验现象、位移角与损伤程度的关系。
表5可知,随着位移角均值的增加,试件损伤程度不断增大。各损伤等级对应的典型试验照片[2]图13所示。由表5图13可知,网格剪力墙最终破坏形态为墙端边缘混凝土被压碎,中下部横肢出现剪切破坏;横肢及竖肢的破坏主要集中出现在试件中部以下1/2高度的范围内,大部分横肢、竖肢出现交叉斜裂缝,底部EPS混凝土裂缝贯通,可见网格剪力墙的耗能与损伤分散在横肢与竖肢上,破坏是逐步发展的,表明网格剪力墙具有良好的延性。
对9个网格剪力墙试验试件进行计算分析,以表5所示的位移角作为结构性能的量化性指标,划分构件的地震损伤典型状态,统计样本试件达到各损伤等级的概率分布,计算数据如表6所示。
表6可知,随着位移角增加,损伤程度均值随之增加。本文近似取损伤指数均值,定义不同破坏状态下对应的损伤指数如表7所示。
本文对已有钢筋混凝土构件双参数地震损伤模型进行修正,提出网格剪力墙的地震损伤模型,研究主要设计参数对网格墙损伤的影响,将网格剪力墙损伤程度进行分类。主要结论如下:
1)提出了适用于网格剪力墙的双参数地震损伤模型,通过灰色关联分析确定了影响网格墙损伤的主要参数,给出了网格剪力墙损伤模型的组合系数公式。与已有损伤模型相比,验证了所提出网格墙损伤模型的有效性。
2)进行了参数影响分析,给出了网格墙主要影响参数与损伤演化的关系。结果表明,当轴压比在0.15~0.3范围内,增大轴压比,网格墙损伤程度明显加大;在低轴压比下,增大网格墙的竖肢宽度将减缓试件损伤发展,在高轴压比下,竖肢宽度对网格剪力墙损伤发展影响不大;适当减小网格剪力墙横肢高度,可以提高网格剪力墙性能;在较低轴压比时,适当增加混凝土的强度,可以减缓网格剪力墙损伤的发展,在较高轴压比下,提高混凝土强度导致网格墙延性下降,加快损伤发展;增加水平横筋配筋率,可以降低网格剪力墙损伤程度。
3)将网格剪力墙损伤程度划分为5个等级,分别为基本完好、轻微破坏、中度破坏、严重破坏、倒塌失效,并基于所提出的损伤模型标定了各损伤等级的损伤指数分布。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52078012)
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0307
  • 接收时间:2023-04-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-13
  • 修回日期:2023-09-06
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52078012)
作者信息
    北京工业大学 城市建设学部,北京 100124
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
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