Article(id=1245389863323812473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245389858412282468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0201, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1677340800000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-26, revisedDate=1682524800000, revisedDateStr=2023-04-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853681641, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853681641, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853681641, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853681641, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245389858412282468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='232', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853680470, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854277127, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392361031840387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245389858412282468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392361031840388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245389858412282468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=9, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245389863835517570, articleId=1245389863323812473, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Performance-based seismic retrofit design of existing building structures based on energy balance, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to the increasing requirements in seismic design codes and the performance deterioration of structures during the long-term service, seismic performance of existing buildings will no longer meet the design requirements. It is imperative to conduct seismic retrofit design. However, the current retrofit design method usually needs a large number of repeated iterations of nonlinear dynamic calculation, increasing the design difficulty and reducing its applicability. A performance-based seismic retrofit design method is proposed for the existing buildings based on energy balance, which is applicable for structural retrofitting with energy dissipation devices. It considers the performance target of multiple seismic levels without nonlinear dynamic calculation and few iterations during the design. A benchmark steel frame is retrofitted by the proposed method, and nonlinear dynamic analysis is performed to evaluate the performance of the original and retrofitted structures. The results show that the drift ratio of all floors is significantly reduced after retrofitting, and the average decreases for service level earthquake (SLE), design basis earthquake (DBE) and the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) are about 20%, indicating that the seismic performance is significantly improved by retrofitting. The inter-story drift ratios of the retrofitted structure under SLE, DBE and MCE are consistent with the design values, illustrating that the expected inter-story and roof drift ratio targets are achieved, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. The damper designed by the proposed method remains elastic state overall during frequent earthquakes, and enters yielding state during DBE and MCE, realizing the expected energy dissipation mechanism. The ductility demand of the damper is evenly distributed along the height, which further indicates the rationality of the design method. The presented research can provide important reference to the seismic retrofitting design of the existing building structures.

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由于规范标准对结构抗震设计要求的不断提高以及结构在长期服役过程中性能的逐渐劣化,既有建筑结构的抗震性能不再满足设计要求,开展其抗震加固设计研究势在必行。然而,目前的加固设计方法往往需要大量的非线性动力计算反复迭代,增加了设计的难度,降低了其适用性。基于能量平衡概念,提出适用于增设消能减震装置的既有建筑结构抗震加固性能化设计方法。该方法考虑了多地震水准性能目标,设计过程中无需开展非线性动力计算,且迭代次数少。采用所提方法对Benchmark钢框架结构进行加固设计,通过非线性动力分析评估了加固前和加固后结构的抗震性能。研究结果表明:加固后,所有楼层的位移角均明显降低,小震、中震和大震时的平均降幅约为20%,可见加固后结构抗震性能得到了显著改善;加固结构在小震、中震和大震下的层间位移角均与设计值吻合,实现了预期的层间位移角和屋顶位移角目标,验证了所提方法的有效性;所提方法设计的阻尼器在小震时整体保持弹性状态,在中震和大震时进入屈服耗能状态,实现了预期的耗能机制,且阻尼器延性需求沿楼层的分布较为均匀,进一步表明了设计方法的合理性。研究成果可为既有建筑结构的抗震性能加固设计提供参考。

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刘彦辉(1980—),男,教授,博士,主要从事工程结构减震控制研究。E-mail:
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翟治鹏(1990—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事工程结构抗震减震研究。E-mail:

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翟治鹏(1990—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事工程结构抗震减震研究。E-mail:

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2.广州大学 减震控制与结构安全国家重点实验室(培育),广东 广州 510006
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Design parameters in the retrofitting design method

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设计参数小震中震大震设计参数小震中震大震
周期/s1.641.641.64μs1.003.755.00
Sa/g0.110.460.69C01.481.481.48
θy θd θu/%0.401.502.00γ1.000.470.36
θr,y θr,d θr,u/%0.25000.93751.2500Vy/W0.110.130.16
θp/%0.00000.68751.0000/kN5940.43
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加固设计方法中的设计参数

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设计参数小震中震大震设计参数小震中震大震
周期/s1.641.641.64μs1.003.755.00
Sa/g0.110.460.69C01.481.481.48
θy θd θu/%0.401.502.00γ1.000.470.36
θr,y θr,d θr,u/%0.25000.93751.2500Vy/W0.110.130.16
θp/%0.00000.68751.0000/kN5940.43
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Axial mechanical parameters of dampers in each story

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楼层
刚度/(kN/mm)899085757162503730
屈服力/kN810740720690640580510410290
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各层阻尼器轴向力学参数

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楼层
刚度/(kN/mm)899085757162503730
屈服力/kN810740720690640580510410290
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基于能量平衡的既有建筑结构抗震加固性能化设计方法研究
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翟治鹏 1, 2, 3 , 刘彦辉 1, 2, 3 , 周福霖 1, 2, 3
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(2): 1-9
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(2): 1-9
基于能量平衡的既有建筑结构抗震加固性能化设计方法研究
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翟治鹏1, 2, 3 , 刘彦辉1, 2, 3 , 周福霖1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.广州大学 工程抗震研究中心,广东 广州 510006
  • 2.广州大学 减震控制与结构安全国家重点实验室(培育),广东 广州 510006
  • 3.广州大学 广东省地震工程与应用技术重点实验室,广东 广州 510006
  • 翟治鹏(1990—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事工程结构抗震减震研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘彦辉(1980—),男,教授,博士,主要从事工程结构减震控制研究。E-mail:
Performance-based seismic retrofit design of existing building structures based on energy balance
Zhipeng ZHAI1, 2, 3 , Yanhui LIU1, 2, 3 , Fulin ZHOU1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Earthquake Engineering Research & Test Center, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory for Seismic Reduction/Control & Structural Safety (Cultivation), Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 3.Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Applied Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0201
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由于规范标准对结构抗震设计要求的不断提高以及结构在长期服役过程中性能的逐渐劣化,既有建筑结构的抗震性能不再满足设计要求,开展其抗震加固设计研究势在必行。然而,目前的加固设计方法往往需要大量的非线性动力计算反复迭代,增加了设计的难度,降低了其适用性。基于能量平衡概念,提出适用于增设消能减震装置的既有建筑结构抗震加固性能化设计方法。该方法考虑了多地震水准性能目标,设计过程中无需开展非线性动力计算,且迭代次数少。采用所提方法对Benchmark钢框架结构进行加固设计,通过非线性动力分析评估了加固前和加固后结构的抗震性能。研究结果表明:加固后,所有楼层的位移角均明显降低,小震、中震和大震时的平均降幅约为20%,可见加固后结构抗震性能得到了显著改善;加固结构在小震、中震和大震下的层间位移角均与设计值吻合,实现了预期的层间位移角和屋顶位移角目标,验证了所提方法的有效性;所提方法设计的阻尼器在小震时整体保持弹性状态,在中震和大震时进入屈服耗能状态,实现了预期的耗能机制,且阻尼器延性需求沿楼层的分布较为均匀,进一步表明了设计方法的合理性。研究成果可为既有建筑结构的抗震性能加固设计提供参考。

既有建筑  /  抗震加固  /  能量平衡  /  性能化设计  /  消能减震

Due to the increasing requirements in seismic design codes and the performance deterioration of structures during the long-term service, seismic performance of existing buildings will no longer meet the design requirements. It is imperative to conduct seismic retrofit design. However, the current retrofit design method usually needs a large number of repeated iterations of nonlinear dynamic calculation, increasing the design difficulty and reducing its applicability. A performance-based seismic retrofit design method is proposed for the existing buildings based on energy balance, which is applicable for structural retrofitting with energy dissipation devices. It considers the performance target of multiple seismic levels without nonlinear dynamic calculation and few iterations during the design. A benchmark steel frame is retrofitted by the proposed method, and nonlinear dynamic analysis is performed to evaluate the performance of the original and retrofitted structures. The results show that the drift ratio of all floors is significantly reduced after retrofitting, and the average decreases for service level earthquake (SLE), design basis earthquake (DBE) and the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) are about 20%, indicating that the seismic performance is significantly improved by retrofitting. The inter-story drift ratios of the retrofitted structure under SLE, DBE and MCE are consistent with the design values, illustrating that the expected inter-story and roof drift ratio targets are achieved, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method. The damper designed by the proposed method remains elastic state overall during frequent earthquakes, and enters yielding state during DBE and MCE, realizing the expected energy dissipation mechanism. The ductility demand of the damper is evenly distributed along the height, which further indicates the rationality of the design method. The presented research can provide important reference to the seismic retrofitting design of the existing building structures.

existing buildings  /  seismic retrofit  /  energy balance  /  performance-based design  /  energy-dissipated vibration mitigation
翟治鹏, 刘彦辉, 周福霖. 基于能量平衡的既有建筑结构抗震加固性能化设计方法研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (2) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0201
Zhipeng ZHAI, Yanhui LIU, Fulin ZHOU. Performance-based seismic retrofit design of existing building structures based on energy balance[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (2) : 1 -9 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0201
在长期服役过程中,既有建筑结构可能遭受自然环境和灾害的作用,导致结构损伤及性能劣化。这种情况下,需要对既有结构的抗震性能进行重新评估,一旦其性能不再满足要求,则需通过加固措施提升其抗震性能。近年来,我国出现了大批城镇民用建筑服役时间超限或将要超限,因此,对建筑结构开展加固设计研究势在必行[1-8]。另一方面,随着规范标准的不断更新及结构抗震性能要求的不断提高,早年建造的结构可能不再满足新的抗震设计要求。例如,2008年颁布的GB 50223—2018《建筑工程抗震设防分类标准》[9]将我国中小学校建筑的由抗震标准设防类提升为重点设防类[10],2021年国务院颁布的《建筑工程抗震管理条例》明确提出把结构减震控制作为高烈度设防地区、地震重点监视防御区新建学校等建筑必须采用的技术。由此可见,开展既有建筑结构的抗震加固设计研究具有重大的实际需求和社会意义。
既有结构的加固措施总体可分为三类[11]:提高整体刚度及构件承载力,设置消能减震装置,新增隔震层。陈兆荣等[12]通过增设钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)剪力墙对底层大空间-单跨框架学校建筑进行了加固设计,户威等[6]采用屈曲约束支撑对某RC框架结构进行了抗震性能加固研究,翟治鹏等[13-15]采用金属屈服阻尼器提升了框架结构抗震性能,鲁松等[11]对比分析了3种加固方案在框架-剪力墙结构中的应用,结果表明减震和隔震加固更具有经济优势。同时,徐成彪等[1]和鲁松等[11]将抗震性能化设计思想引入到了加固设计中,提高了对既定性能目标的实现效率。然而,目前的设计方法中通常需要预估加固装置的尺寸和力学参数,并通过大量非线性动力分析反复迭代计算,直至满足预期性能目标,这增加了抗震加固设计的难度,降低了其适用性。
本文通过能量平衡的设计概念,提出适用于增设消能减震装置的既有建筑结构的抗震加固性能化设计方法。该方法迭代次数少,可实现不同地震水准下的层间位移角和屋顶位移角控制目标。利用所提设计方法,采用金属屈服阻尼器对典型Benchmark钢框架结构进行加固设计,并建立加固前及加固后框架结构的数值模型。通过开展非线性动力分析和抗震性能评估,验证所提设计方法的准确性。
GOEL等[16]假定将多自由度结构体系(multiple degree of freedom,MDOF)推覆至目标位移所需的总能量等于等效理想弹塑性单自由度体系(elastic-perfectly-plastic single degree of freedom,EPP-SDOF)所需的能量,而EPP-SDOF体系耗散的能量为弹性单自由度(elastic single degree of freedom,E-SDOF)体系储存的总弹性能量的一部分,比例系数为γ。上述能量平衡概念,如图1所示,能量平衡公式为
式中:Ei为E-SDOF体系储存总能量;EeEp分别为EPP-SDOF体系的弹性应变能和塑性耗能;W为结构总质量;T为结构基本周期;Sa为基本周期对应的设计谱加速度;g为重力加速度;γ为能量修正因子,其取决于结构延性系数μs和延性折减系数Rμ,其中μs =Δu/ΔyRμ =Ve/Vy =Δe/Δy,根据式(1)可得
式中:μsRμ可通过Newmark-Hall公式计算,μs-T-γ的关系曲线如图2所示[16]。弹性应变能Ee计算公式为
根据横向力分布模式,塑性耗能Ep计算公式为
式中:Ci为第i层的横向力分布系数;hi为第i层距离地面的高度;Vy为设计基底剪力;θp为塑性位移角,其为屋顶极限位移角θr,u和屈服位移角θr,y的差值,并假定所有楼层具有相同的塑性位移角;θr,u =Δu/Hθr,y =Δy/HH为结构的总高度。另外,若考虑非线性退化行为和滞回曲线的捏缩效应,Ep应通过滞回能量折减系数进行折减,该系数定义为退化滞回形状与饱和滞回形状的面积比。将式(3)和式(4)代入式(1),整理基底屈服剪力设计值Vy,可得
既有结构增设消能减震装置后通常可认为是双重体系,加固后结构的力-位移曲线可看作是原结构与减震装置所提供的力-位移曲线之和。因此,可结合加固后结构预期性能和原结构性能对减震装置进行设计。设计流程如下:
步骤1:指定各地震水准下的性能目标及其对应的层间位移角指标,小震、中震和大震对应的层间位移角阈值分别记为θyθdθu
步骤2:建立既有结构数值模型,开展各地震水准下的非线性动力计算,评估其抗震性能是否满足预定目标,不满足则需要进行加固。
步骤3:根据步骤2中的计算结果,拟合最大层间位移角与屋顶位移角之间的数学关系,并将步骤1中的层间位移角目标转化为屋顶位移角目标,分别记为θr,yθr,dθr,u
步骤4:估算加固后结构基本周期。小震时结构处于弹性状态,等效单自由度体系顶点位移,即谱位移Sd
式中:C0为等效单自由度体系顶点位移与多自由度体系结构顶点位移之间的修正系数。规范ASCE/SEI 41—06[17]给出了C0的取值,其值仅与结构高度相关,可用于高层建筑。对于1层、2层、3层、5层建筑分别取1.0、1.2、1.3和1.4;对于10层及以上建筑取1.5;其他层数的建筑,取值可根据线性内插求得。将规范中的设计加速度谱SaT)转换为设计位移谱SdT),结合式(7)计算得到的Sd值,即可估算结构的基本周期。
步骤5:确定横向力分布模式。本文采用CHAO等[18]通过大量非线性动力学计算提出的横向力模式,其表达式为
式中:Fi为第i层的横向力;V为基底剪力;βi为第i层的剪力分布系数;ViVn分别为第i层和顶层的层间剪力;wiwn分别为第i层和顶层的重量;hihn分别为第i层和顶层距离地面的高度。参数q的取值对侧向力沿结构高度的分布影响较大,对于不同的结构体系其取值可不同。为考虑结构高阶模态的影响,本文采用文献[18]建议值q =0.75。
步骤6:计算加固后结构的基底屈服剪力设计值Vy。在中震及大震时对应的延性系数μs分别等于θr,d/θr,yθr,u/θr,y,由图2可确定相应的能量修正因子;在中震及大震时对应的塑性位移角θp分别等于θr,d-θr,yθr,u-θr,y。将上述参数代入式(5)和式(6)即可求得中震、大震情况下结构的基底屈服剪力设计值Vy,dVy,u。最终屈服剪力设计值为
式中:Sa1为基本周期对应的小震水准设计谱加速度。
步骤7:计算减震装置的总屈服剪力。对加固前结构的数值模型进行Pushover分析,采用的横向力分布模式同式(8)~式(10),根据Pushover曲线得到θr,y对应的基底剪力Vr,y。则减震装置的总屈服剪力为
步骤8:计算各层减震装置的水平屈服力。假设沿楼层分布符合式(10)的模式,即,则减震装置耗散的能量为
外力做功为
式中:wi为结构各楼层荷载的重力;wiθu为考虑P-Δ效应影响的附加剪力。根据能量平衡原则,联立式(13)和式(14),即可求得各层减震装置水平屈服力。
步骤9:将Pushover分析中屋顶位移达到θr,y时的层间位移角分布作为减震装置屈服时的层间位移角。结合步骤8得到的设计剪力,以及减震装置在结构中的布置形式,即可设计减震装置参数。图3以支撑框架为例,给出了由水平力和位移计算减震装置轴向力、位移及刚度的方法。
步骤10:建立加固后结构的数值模型,判断周期T是否收敛,不收敛则返回步骤5进行迭代计算。
选取9层Benchmark钢框架结构作为原型进行加固设计。该结构由美国SAC项目提出[13],假设其位于美国洛杉矶C类场地。根据结构的对称性,本文选取一榀框架进行分析,如图4所示。结构包括地上9层,地下1层,地下室高度3.65 m,首层高度5.49 m,其余层高3.96 m。结构共5跨,跨度均为9.15 m,梁、柱均采用工字钢制作,材料屈服强度分别为248、345 MPa。所选取的分析对象总荷载质量为4.50 × 106 kg,其中地下、首层和顶层分别为4.83×105、5.05×105、5.35×105 kg,其余楼层均为4.95×105 kg。结构的前3阶周期分别为2.05、0.78、0.43 s。原型结构详细信息如图4所示。
首先确定小震、中震和大震水准下结构的预期层间位移角目标,本文分别取0.4%、1.5%、2.0%[8]。小震时结构及减震装置处于弹性状态,中震和大震时减震装置屈服耗散地震能量,从而保护结构不受严重损伤。设计时需要明确层间位移角目标与结构屋顶位移角目标的转换关系,为此本文根据美国规范ASCE 7—10[19]中的设计反应谱选取12条地震动,并对原型结构开展非线性动力计算。根据场地特性,选波原则为断层距0~10 km,震级为6~8,等效剪切波速Vs30为366~762 km/s。设计反应谱及各地震动反应谱如图5所示。根据动力计算拟合得到层间位移角与屋顶位移角的数学关系如图6所示,即层间位移角为屋顶位移角的1.6倍。设计经过一次迭代后即收敛,收敛周期为1.64 s,总体设计参数如表1所示。加固采用文献[5]中提出的金属钢条阻尼器,阻尼器以斜支撑方式每层安装2个,参数如表2所示。
采用OpenSees建立加固前和加固后结构的数值模型。梁柱构件非线性通过端部集中塑性铰模拟,塑性铰采用零长度转动弹簧单元和Ibarra-Medina-Krawinkler材料建立,该材料可以模拟构件的刚度和强度退化行为。节点区域通过刚性梁柱单元铰接组成,为了模拟节点区剪切扭曲,对其设置一个转动弹簧,并通过滞回材料模拟其行为。为了考虑P-Δ效应的影响,在结构模型中设置一列P-Δ柱,其采用刚性梁柱单元建立,各楼层P-Δ柱通过刚度很小的转动弹簧连接,且P-Δ柱与框架构件采用刚性连杆连接。框架构件的总体建模方法如图7(a)所示,具体的参数计算公式可参考文献[13]。阻尼器采用twoNodeLink单元和steel4材料模拟,因支撑主要承受轴向力,故只激活其轴向自由度。图7(b)对比了阻尼器模拟滞回曲线和试验滞回曲线[10],可以看出,所采用的模型能够较好地模拟阻尼器的滞回行为。为评估加固前和加固后结构的抗震性能,采用前述选取的12条地震动对结构开展小震、中震和大震下的非线性动力计算,计算过程中基于前2阶周期对模型指定2%的瑞利阻尼。
结构加固前和加固后的层间位移角分布情况如图8所示。加固前,结构小震、中震和大震下的层间位移角均值最大值分别为0.49%、1.64%、2.30%,超过了相应的性能目标值0.40%、1.5%、2.0%,说明结构抗震性能不满足要求,有必要进行加固。加固后,小震、中震和大震下的层间位移角均值最大值分别为0.40%、1.25%、1.94%,与预期目标值基本吻合,说明加固后结构可实现预期性能目标。另外,观察层间位移角均值曲线可以发现,所有楼层的位移角均有所降低,小震、中震和大震时的平均降幅分别为18%、17%、16%,由此推测加固后结构抗震性能得到了显著改善。
加固后结构的屋顶位移角(结构顶点位移与高度比值)情况如图9所示。在小震、中震和大震激励下,屋顶位移角均值分别为0.26%、0.89%、1.32%,其与设计值0.25%、0.94%、1.25%较为接近,相对误差分别为4.0%、5.3%、5.6%。由此可见,本文所提加固设计方法不仅可以控制结构的层间位移角,还能对结构屋顶位移角进行控制。
加固结构中阻尼器延性需求沿楼层的分布情况如图10所示。由图可知,小震时各楼层延性系数均值分布范围为0.90~0.96,均接近屈服值1,说明阻尼器整体未进入屈服状态,但临近屈服状态,这与预期的屈服耗能机制一致,进一步说明了设计方法的有效性。中震时延性系数均值分布范围为3.56~4.54,大震时延性系数均值分布范围为4.88~7.15,即阻尼器中震时进入耗能状态,大震时其塑性进一步发展,从而耗散更多地震能量,减轻结构构件损伤。各层阻尼器均进入屈服耗能状态,且延性需求较为接近,表明所提加固设计方法中阻尼器沿高度的分布较为合理。
本文基于能量平衡概念提出了适用于增设消能减震装置的既有建筑结构抗震加固性能化设计方法,通过对典型Benchmark钢框架结构的加固设计和数值模拟分析,评估了所提设计方法的有效性,主要结论如下:
1)所提设计方法考虑了小震、中震和大震多地震水准性能目标,加固设计过程中无需开展非线性动力计算,且迭代次数少,在实际应用中具有一定的优势。
2)加固后的Benchmark钢框架结构在不同地震水准激励下所有楼层的位移角均有显著降低,且加固结构实现了预期的层间位移角和屋顶位移角目标,证明了所提加固设计方法的有效性。
3)加固结构中,阻尼器小震时整体保持弹性状态,延性需求接近屈服临界值1;中震时其进入屈服耗能状态;大震时塑性进一步发展,延性需求显著增大,从而耗散更多地震能量,防止结构出现严重损伤。整体来看,阻尼器延性需求沿楼层的分布较为均匀。这表明所提设计方法能够实现预期屈服耗能机制,所设计的阻尼器沿高度的分布较为合理。
为了拟合得到最大层间位移角与顶点位移角的关系,需要对结构开展非线性动力分析。从统计角度看,更多的动力计算数据可得到更为可靠的拟合数学关系,然而其计算代价较大。从本文计算结果来看,12条地震动计算即可得到不错的拟合相关性,因此建议实际应用时选取不少于10条地震动进行计算,当相关性较差时可适当增加地震动数量。随着地震强度的增大,结构的损伤逐渐加重,最大位移角和顶点位移角的关系可能会发生变化,即小震、中震和大震下结构最大位移角和顶点位移角的关系可能存在差异,此时可对各地震水准下的动力计算结果分别开展独立拟合,从而得到不同的拟合数学关系。还需注意的是,不同类型建筑的横向力分布模式可能存在差异,因此在设计过程中可根据建筑类型选取不同的横向力分布模式。本文选取了适合高层框架结构且考虑高阶振型影响的横向力分布模式,该模式已在很多研究中被验证,实际应用中也可根据相关规范进行选取。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52308309)
  • 广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2023A1515011914; 2022A1515110191)
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2024年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0201
  • 接收时间:2023-02-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-26
  • 修回日期:2023-04-27
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52308309)
广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2023A1515011914; 2022A1515110191)
作者信息
    1.广州大学 工程抗震研究中心,广东 广州 510006
    2.广州大学 减震控制与结构安全国家重点实验室(培育),广东 广州 510006
    3.广州大学 广东省地震工程与应用技术重点实验室,广东 广州 510006

通讯作者:

刘彦辉(1980—),男,教授,博士,主要从事工程结构减震控制研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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