Article(id=1241794073665798510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241794070289387562, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0510, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736956800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-16, revisedDate=1744214400000, revisedDateStr=2025-04-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773996378579, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1761062400000, pubDateStr=2025-10-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773996378579, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773996378579, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996378579, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241794070289387562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='227', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773996377775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996935444, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796409465307627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241794070289387562, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796409465307628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241794070289387562, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=100, endPage=109, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241794074953449853, articleId=1241794073665798510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Effect of uncertainty of seismic sources on ground motions in valley sites near a dip-slip fault, columnId=1241794071602200899, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=Research Paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Ground motions caused by seismic waves propagating to the near surface due to the rupture of an uncertain seismic source also have uncertainty. In this paper, the uncertainties of asperity intensity and rupture velocity are represented by random variables, and three rupture scenarios are set up to consider the uncertainties of asperity location and initial rupture location. The spatial distribution of ground motion parameters in the valley near a dip-slip fault with uncertainty is investigated. The influences of the fault distance and the dip angle on the uncertainty of the ground motion parameters in the valley are analyzed. The multiplicative dimensional reduction method is used to improve the computational efficiency of the uncertainty quantification problem, and the physical process from fault rupture to site response is simulated based on the boundary element method. The results reveal that the uncertainty of seismic source leads to the uncertainty of ground motions. The scattering of seismic waves by the valley leads to the non-uniform amplification of the uncertainty. The coefficient of variation (COV) of the peak acceleration of the vertical ground motion at the center of the valley can reach 0.27. There are violent fluctuations in the spatial distribution of the COVs of the peak velocities of the vertical ground motions of the mountains. The variability of the ground motion at the valley decreases with the increase of the fault distance, and it tends to stabilize when the fault distance is greater than 4 km. The variability decreases with the increase of the fault dip angle, and the maximum variability of the peak ground acceleration can be up to 4 times the COV of the asperity intensity.

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含不确定性的震源破裂激发的地震波传播至近地表引起的地震动具有不确定性。该文以随机变量表征震源凹凸体强度和破裂速度的不确定性,通过设置不同破裂情景考虑凹凸体位置和初始破裂位置不确定性,研究了考虑震源不确定性的近倾滑断层河谷场地地震动参数的空间分布,分析了断层距和断层倾角对河谷场地地震动参数不确定性的影响规律。采用乘子降维法提高不确定性量化过程的计算效率,基于边界元法模拟从断层破裂到场地响应的物理过程。研究结果表明,震源不确定性导致地震动参数不确定性,且河谷场地对地震波的散射效应导致地震动参数的不确定性出现非均匀放大;河谷中心点竖向地震动峰值加速度变异系数可达0.27,山体竖向地震动峰值速度变异系数空间分布表现出剧烈波动现象;河谷场地地震动变异性随断层距增大而降低,断层距大于4 km后此趋于稳定,随断层倾角增加而降低,最大可达凹凸体强度变异性的4倍。

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王慎(1988—),女,工程师,硕士研究生,主要从事工程防灾方面研究。E-mail:
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孟思博(1990—),女,副教授,博士研究生,主要从事地震工程方面研究。E-mail:

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孟思博(1990—),女,副教授,博士研究生,主要从事地震工程方面研究。E-mail:

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journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794073665798510, language=CN, label=图10, caption=不同断层倾角条件下河谷场地PGV均值和变异性, figureFileSmall=NddBf3QSXZOdmryBK+P4xg==, figureFileBig=izY5ZSFeF98pGn0b1gDqFw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802950381736125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794073665798510, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Probabilistic distribution and moment information of uncertain parameters of the dip-slip fault

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变量名称分布均值均方根(RMS)
νr/(m/s)破裂速度正态分布2720136.0
Da/D凹凸体强度正态分布2[17]0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1241802950549508307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794073665798510, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

倾滑断层不确定参数概率分布和矩信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
变量名称分布均值均方根(RMS)
νr/(m/s)破裂速度正态分布2720136.0
Da/D凹凸体强度正态分布2[17]0.4
), ArticleFig(id=1241802950687920352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794073665798510, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Calculation cases and parameters of M-DRM

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
随机变量工况权重破裂速度/(m/s)凹凸体强度/D
均值127202.0000
破裂速度20.0112623312.0000
30.2220825362.0000
4(与工况1相同)0.5333327202.0000
50.2220829042.0000
60.0112631092.0000
凹凸体强度70.0112627200.8572
80.2220827201.4578
9(与工况1相同)0.5333327202.0000
100.2220827202.5422
110.0112627203.1428
), ArticleFig(id=1241802950817943784, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794073665798510, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

乘子降维法计算工况及参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
随机变量工况权重破裂速度/(m/s)凹凸体强度/D
均值127202.0000
破裂速度20.0112623312.0000
30.2220825362.0000
4(与工况1相同)0.5333327202.0000
50.2220829042.0000
60.0112631092.0000
凹凸体强度70.0112627200.8572
80.2220827201.4578
9(与工况1相同)0.5333327202.0000
100.2220827202.5422
110.0112627203.1428
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震源不确定性对近倾滑断层河谷场地地震动的影响研究
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孟思博 1 , 尹娜 2 , 刘中宪 1 , 王慎 3
地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025,45(5): 100-109
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地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025, 45(5): 100-109
震源不确定性对近倾滑断层河谷场地地震动的影响研究
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孟思博1 , 尹娜2, 刘中宪1, 王慎3
作者信息
  • 1.天津城建大学天津市土木建筑结构保护与加固重点实验室,天津300384
  • 2.天津城建大学土木工程学院,天津300384
  • 3.中国人民大学,北京100872
  • 孟思博(1990—),女,副教授,博士研究生,主要从事地震工程方面研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

王慎(1988—),女,工程师,硕士研究生,主要从事工程防灾方面研究。E-mail:
Effect of uncertainty of seismic sources on ground motions in valley sites near a dip-slip fault
Sibo MENG1 , Na YIN2, Zhongxian LIU1, Shen WANG3
Affiliations
  • 1.Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Civil Structure Protection and Reinforcing, Tianjin 300384, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
  • 3.Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
出版时间: 2025-10-22 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0510
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含不确定性的震源破裂激发的地震波传播至近地表引起的地震动具有不确定性。该文以随机变量表征震源凹凸体强度和破裂速度的不确定性,通过设置不同破裂情景考虑凹凸体位置和初始破裂位置不确定性,研究了考虑震源不确定性的近倾滑断层河谷场地地震动参数的空间分布,分析了断层距和断层倾角对河谷场地地震动参数不确定性的影响规律。采用乘子降维法提高不确定性量化过程的计算效率,基于边界元法模拟从断层破裂到场地响应的物理过程。研究结果表明,震源不确定性导致地震动参数不确定性,且河谷场地对地震波的散射效应导致地震动参数的不确定性出现非均匀放大;河谷中心点竖向地震动峰值加速度变异系数可达0.27,山体竖向地震动峰值速度变异系数空间分布表现出剧烈波动现象;河谷场地地震动变异性随断层距增大而降低,断层距大于4 km后此趋于稳定,随断层倾角增加而降低,最大可达凹凸体强度变异性的4倍。

近断层效应  /  不确定性  /  乘子降维法  /  场地效应  /  边界元法

Ground motions caused by seismic waves propagating to the near surface due to the rupture of an uncertain seismic source also have uncertainty. In this paper, the uncertainties of asperity intensity and rupture velocity are represented by random variables, and three rupture scenarios are set up to consider the uncertainties of asperity location and initial rupture location. The spatial distribution of ground motion parameters in the valley near a dip-slip fault with uncertainty is investigated. The influences of the fault distance and the dip angle on the uncertainty of the ground motion parameters in the valley are analyzed. The multiplicative dimensional reduction method is used to improve the computational efficiency of the uncertainty quantification problem, and the physical process from fault rupture to site response is simulated based on the boundary element method. The results reveal that the uncertainty of seismic source leads to the uncertainty of ground motions. The scattering of seismic waves by the valley leads to the non-uniform amplification of the uncertainty. The coefficient of variation (COV) of the peak acceleration of the vertical ground motion at the center of the valley can reach 0.27. There are violent fluctuations in the spatial distribution of the COVs of the peak velocities of the vertical ground motions of the mountains. The variability of the ground motion at the valley decreases with the increase of the fault distance, and it tends to stabilize when the fault distance is greater than 4 km. The variability decreases with the increase of the fault dip angle, and the maximum variability of the peak ground acceleration can be up to 4 times the COV of the asperity intensity.

near-fault effect  /  uncertainty  /  multiplicative dimensional reduction method  /  site effect  /  boundary element method
孟思博, 尹娜, 刘中宪, 王慎. 震源不确定性对近倾滑断层河谷场地地震动的影响研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (5) : 100 -109 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0510
Sibo MENG, Na YIN, Zhongxian LIU, Shen WANG. Effect of uncertainty of seismic sources on ground motions in valley sites near a dip-slip fault[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (5) : 100 -109 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0510
我国活动断层总长超过5000 km,河谷场地分布广泛、数量众多,位于距活动断层20 km以内的区域,即近断层区域。近断层河谷场地地震动呈现出2种典型特征:一是由近断层效应引起的速度脉冲、竖向大振幅和长周期特征[1];二是地震波散射效应引起的地震动参数非一致性[2],如2008年我国汶川地震和2010年海地地震台站记录表明,河谷周围山体峰值地震动峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration, PGA)分别达到河谷地表结果的1.8倍和2.3倍[3-4]
与此同时,数值技术已被广泛应用于地震动模拟和特性研究[5-6],这是揭示其物理本质的常用方法。理论分析从平面SH波入射下二维半空间中半圆形河谷场地模型起步,研究至今已积累了丰富成果[7],然而,将震源假设为平面波或点源的河谷场地地震动模拟均未能充分反映断层破裂面源效应。为此,部分研究采用运动学或动力学有限断层模型模拟震源,方法包括经验格林函数法、离散波数法、边界元法、有限差分法、谱元法和混合法[8-12],这些方法已成为历史地震复现、丰富地震动数据库的有效手段,在近断层效应和河谷场地效应的耦合机制理论分析方面也同样给出了规律性结论[13-15]
此外,不确定性是地震动典型特征。受限于物探水平,断层物理参数和界面滑移特性随机性成为地震动不确定性的主要来源。地震波激发时的不确定性将随着地震波传播而传递,最终导致地表地震动不确定性。此问题为不确定输入经过确定性系统得到不确定输出的数学过程,有必要对输入与输出的变异性差异进行理论分析和科学量化,目前主要包括两类处理方法:一是基于随机混合震源模型考虑断层面位错量不确定性,主要用于历史地震复现[16];二是采用蒙特卡洛法或逻辑树开展大量确定性样本计算获得地震动参数统计值,主要研究了断层类型、初始破裂点位置、凹凸体数量和位置、断层倾角、地震矩和破裂速度等引起的地震动变异性[17-20],但存在计算成本高、模拟频率上限较低导致高频地震动变异性特征研究不足问题。笔者前期针对近走滑断层起伏地形地震动研究也发现高频波入射下局部场地对地震波的散射效应受不确定性影响较低频波更为显著[21],目前倾滑断层不确定性对河谷场地地震动的影响研究尚未见报道。
鉴于此,本文以获取震源不确定性引起的近断层河谷场地地震动特征为目标,以倾滑断层破裂为例,分析震源不确定条件下近倾滑断层河谷场地地震动参数,研究凹凸体位置、凹凸体强度和破裂速度不确定性对河谷场地地震动的影响规律,并考察地震动参数变异性与断层距和断层倾角的相关性。为提高计算效率,基于乘子降维法将多维不确定性量化问题转化为少量确定性分析,其对样本数量的需求远低于蒙特卡洛法;单次确定性分析中,采用边界元法模拟频率范围为0~10 Hz的倾滑断层破裂过程和河谷场地中地震波传播过程。
假定震源不确定参数为随机变量,倾滑断层发震引起的场地动力响应φ可表示为
式中:Δ为震源不确定参数;g(•)为Δφ间的映射关系,通常具有显著非线性和耦合性。
基于乘子降维法,场地动力响应φ可近似表示为[22]
式中:n为随机变量个数;giΔi)为包含第i个随机变量的场地动力响应,求解时将除第i个随机变量以外的随机变量取均值,例如di-1为第i-1个随机变量均值;g0为所有随机变量取均值时的场地响应。
当各随机变量相互独立时,场地动力响应φm阶矩可表示为[22]
式中:giΔi)的m阶矩可通过一维数值积分计算,采用高斯求积公式简化积分过程,通常5个高斯积分点即可满足精度要求。
近断层河谷场地地震动的确定性模拟包括震源破裂和地震波场构造2个关键环节。本文采用运动学震源模型考虑倾滑断层破裂过程,具体流程参考文献[13]。采用边界元法构造地震波场,包括对沉积河谷、断层及邻近半空间表面边界离散化,对各离散单元施加虚拟荷载。利用断层上下盘位错差、应力和位移边界条件求解虚拟荷载密度,进而获得地表响应频域解,并通过傅里叶变换获得场地时域响应。
计算模型为位于倾滑断层上盘的沉积河谷场地,沉积河谷包括两侧山体和中间谷地。假定谷地及两侧山体沿纵向几何和材料特征近似,且断层面与河谷场地纵向平行,可取横剖面二维计算模型简化考虑见图1。倾滑断层发震时,两侧岩土体发生沿断层面倾斜方向相对滑移,因此属于二维模型平面内问题。定义断层尺寸为L,断层倾角θ为断层面与水平方向夹角,埋深为H1。断层到沉积层左上角的距离记为W1,山体和沉积层的宽度分别用W2W3表示。计算域包括:断层下盘D1、断层上盘D2(包括起伏地形)和沉积谷地D3;边界包括:下盘地表S1、上盘地表S2和沉积谷地域边界S3,图1(b)中分别采用黑色、蓝色和绿色表示实线。
假定各计算域介质均为线弹性,简谐波作用下各计算域内任意点位移和牵引力可通过Somigliana积分表示为[13]
式中:Gijx,ξ)和Tijx,ξ)分别为坐标点ξ施加j向单位力引起的坐标点xi方向位移和牵引力格林函数;fiξ)为i向体力分量;φjξ)dSξ为每个计算单元在边界上的虚拟荷载密度。
对计算域各边界进行离散化,边界条件用于求解每个计算单元分布力,进而得到各计算域的位移和应力。对边界S1S2S3进行离散,每个边界单元位移和应力场可进一步表示为
式中:上标ts分别为河谷场地总波场和由断层位移产生的散射波场;n=1、2、3,分别为计算域D1D2D3为边界单元上虚拟荷载密度;分别为基岩半空间和沉积河谷边界单元位移和应力格林函数[13]
结合式(8)~式(9)和边界条件可求解计算模型总波场。本问题中,边界条件包括半空间和沉积河谷地表应力为0,半空间和沉积河谷交界面应力和位移连续,断层面应力连续且存在给定的位移差。
边界元法求解发震断层河谷场地确定性动力响应正确性已在文献[13]中给出验证结果,在此不再赘述;本节给出采用乘子降维法代替蒙特卡洛法开展考虑震源参数不确定性的近倾滑断层河谷场地动力响应适用性。
验证模型包括2个高为240 m的高斯型山体和1个V形沉积谷地,沉积谷地宽度为200 m、深度为100 m,见图2。倾滑断层延申至地表,尺寸为10 km,断层倾角为45°,半空间与沉积谷地间的剪切波速比为0.5,密度比为1.2,模拟频率为2、5、10 Hz。考虑倾滑断层破裂速度νr和凹凸体强度Da/D为随机变量,其中Da为凹凸体位错量,D为断层平均位错量。参考文献[17],表1给出了2个随机变量的矩信息和概率分布函数。根据乘子降维法原理,需构建11(5×随机变量数量+1=11)个计算模型,见表2。2个随机变量的高斯求积(式(5))均采用Hermite展开式,因此5个积分点对应的计算模型与参数中,分别有1组与破裂速度和凹凸体强度取均值的工况一致,故实际计算模型为9个。为验证方法适用性,采用蒙特卡洛法计算了1000个随机样本的统计值作对比。
不同入射频率下乘子降维法(multiplicative dimensional reduction method, M-DRM)和蒙特卡洛法(Monte Carlo simulation, MCS)求解的河谷场地地表位移幅值均值和均方根(root mean square, RMS)见图3图4。结果表明,在低、中、高频情况下,地表位移幅值均值和RMS与蒙特卡洛法结果吻合良好,表明了乘子降维法对此问题的适用性。
本节分析了断层破裂速度和凹凸体强度不确定性传播引起的近倾滑断层河谷场地动力响应。模拟频带范围0~10 Hz[23],选取峰值加速度(PGA)和峰值速度(peak ground velocity, PGV)这2个典型地震动参数的均值和变异性作为考察指标,对比了有无河谷场地条件时场地响应差异,考察了断层倾角和河谷场地与断层间距对此差异的影响规律。计算模型、确定性参数、随机变量与第1节、第2节一致。考虑了3种不同破裂情景[21]:凹凸体长度均为2 km,断层初始破裂点位于凹凸体底部,初始破裂点到地表距离分别为5.0、7.5、10.0 km,分别命名为破裂情景1、情景2和情景3。将断层与地表交点到沉积谷地表面左侧边缘的距离定义为断层距,采用变异系数(coefficient of variation, COV)表征场地响应变异性, COV为均方差与均值的比值。
本节比较了有无河谷场地条件下近倾滑断层场地动力响应均值和变异性,断层距为1 km、断层倾角为45°。3种破裂情景下场地PGA和PGV均值、变异系数见图5图6。图中绿色和蓝色填充域表示均值±1倍均方差,灰色域和黄色域分别为山体和谷地所在位置(下同)。
图5图6可知,无河谷场地时,水平向和竖向PGA和PGV均值呈现远离断层而减弱趋势,当凹凸体和初始破裂点靠近地表时,地震动强度整体上更大,与实测记录规律基本一致[4]。例如,当凹凸体距地表5 km时, PGA和PGV均值是距离为10 km时结果的2倍。水平PGA和PGV变异性均低于设定的凹凸体强度COV, COV空间分布规律性较强。
然而,河谷场地地震动空间分布更为复杂。河谷场地显著放大了水平向和竖向PGA和PGV均值;例如,在破裂情景1中,无河谷场地时D点竖向PGA均值为0.22 g,有河谷场地时D点竖向PGA均值为其3.9倍;山顶B点PGV也可观察到类似现象,无河谷场地时其均值为0.56 m/s,河谷场地导致其放大2.5倍。此外,考虑河谷场地效应后,山体和谷地PGA变异性相较于未存在局部场地时更显著。3种破裂情景下,水平向PGA的COV均为0.18,而竖向PGA变异性则随着凹凸体位置向下移动而减小。例如,在破裂情景1中,D点(位于沉积谷地中部)竖向PGA的COV达到0.27;而在破裂情景3中,D点竖向PGA的COV为0.26,表明了在分析河谷场地地震动变异性时考虑凹凸体位置的重要性。同时,山体竖向PGV的COV波动剧烈,而谷地地表竖向PGV的COV基本保持不变。整体上,震源参数不确定性对近断层河谷场地地震动参数具有显著影响,尤其是谷地水平向和竖向PGA、两侧山体竖向PGV。
本节讨论了断层距d对近断层河谷场地地震动空间变异性的影响。断层距设置为1、4、7 km,固定局部场地位置坐标、改变断层位置以调整断层距离,河谷场地范围在x为0.36~1.04 km之间。断层倾角为45°,其他参数与第3.1节相同。
不同断层距下河谷场地PGA和PGV均值和COV空间分布见图7图8。结果表明,整体上,当断层距为4、7 km时,不同破裂情景下水平向和竖向PGA及PGV均值分布近似,且小于断层距为1 km的结果;当断层距从1 km变化到4 km时,谷地中心点水平向PGA均值减小0.13 g,而当断层距从4 km变化到7 km时,变化量约为0.06 g
变异性方面,随着断层距增加,河谷场地PGA和PGV变异性呈现不同程度减小。断层距为1、4 km时结果差异显著,而断层距为4、7 km时结果相似,此现象与PGA和PGV均值分布一致。例如,在破裂情景1中,河谷表面中心点(x=0.7 km)处竖向PGV的COV在1、4、7 km的断层距下分别为0.37、0.28、0.25;类似现象也出现在其他破裂情景下的PGA和PGV变异性分布中。整体上,当凹凸体和初始破裂点靠近地表时,1、4 km断层距对应的PGA和PGV的COV在x为-0.4~1.2 km范围内差异显著;而当凹凸体和初始破裂点远离地面时,1、4 km断层距对应的PGA和PGV的COV仅在谷地表面有显著差异。结果表明,在分析断层距对河谷场地PGA和PGV变异性影响时,应考虑凹凸体位置、凹凸体强度及破裂速度不确定性。
本节讨论了断层倾角θ对近倾滑断层河谷场地地震动参数的影响。断层倾角设置为30°、45°、60°,断层距为1 km,其他参数与第3.1节相同。不同断层倾角下河谷场地PGA和PGV均值和COV见图9图10
图910可知,水平向和竖向PGA和PGV均值随着断层倾角的增加而减小,原因在于断层面接近水平向时,断层上下盘相对位错直接推动地表产生水平位移,且导致更大的竖向挤压,导致地震动强度增大,此结论与已有研究一致[13]。例如,在破裂情景1中,30°倾角下竖向PGA最大均值为1.03 g,而在60°倾角条件下竖向PGA最大均值仅为0.60 g, PGV亦存在类似情况。在破裂情景3中,由于凹凸体和初始破裂点距离地表较远, PGA和PGV受断层倾角影响较小;例如,在破裂情景1中,30°倾角下竖向PGV最大均值为1.72 m/s,而60°倾角对应结果为1.21 m/s,相差0.51 m/s,而情景3中PGV仅相差0.30 m/s。
河谷场地PGA和PGV变异性随着断层倾角的减小而增大,半空间场地地表点PGA和PGV变异性也表现出相似规律,说明变异性随着断层倾角的减小而增大,主要原因是断层引起的地震动强度整体提高,而非河谷场地效应。竖向PGV最大COV出现在破裂情景1、倾角为30°、x=0.87 km(右侧山体)时,为0.83,达到了凹凸体强度变异性的4倍、破裂速度变异性的8倍,表明在某些破裂情景下,断层凹凸体强度和破裂速度不确定性在地震波传播过程中显著放大,影响竖向PGV变异性,且不确定性放大效应与断层倾角和地表位置密切相关。
本文探讨了断层凹凸体位置、凹凸体强度和破裂速度不确定性对近倾滑断层河谷场地地震动参数的影响,研究了不同断层距和断层倾角条件下地震动空间变异性差异,得出如下主要结论:
1)河谷场地显著放大了水平向和竖向地震动均值,震源不确定性对近倾滑断层河谷场地地震动参数具有显著影响,尤其是谷地水平向和竖向PGA、两侧山体竖向PGV;河谷中心点竖向PGA均值可为无河谷场地结果的3.9倍以上, PGA变异系数可达0.27;山体竖向PGV变异系数剧烈波动而谷地结果近似不变。
2)在1、4 km断层距下,河谷场地水平向和竖向PGA和PGV均值和变异性分布差异显著,而在4、7 km断层距下结果较为近似;断层距为1、4、7 km时,河谷中心点竖向PGV变异系数分别为0.37、0.28、0.25,表明河谷场地PGA和PGV均值和变异性随断层距增加而非线性减小;断层距对地震动变异性的影响范围与凹凸体和初始破裂点位置有关。
3)河谷场地水平向和竖向、PGA和PGV均值、变异性随着断层倾角的增加而减小,河谷场地对不确定性的放大效应强弱亦与断层倾角有关,此规律不随凹凸体和初始破裂点位置改变;河谷两侧山体竖向PGV最大变异系数可达0.83,为凹凸体强度变异性4倍。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52478540; 52208497; 52278516)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0510
  • 接收时间:2025-01-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-10-22
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-16
  • 修回日期:2025-04-10
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52478540; 52208497; 52278516)
作者信息
    1.天津城建大学天津市土木建筑结构保护与加固重点实验室,天津300384
    2.天津城建大学土木工程学院,天津300384
    3.中国人民大学,北京100872

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王慎(1988—),女,工程师,硕士研究生,主要从事工程防灾方面研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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