Article(id=1241794072801771861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241794070289387562, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0512, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1717344000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-03, revisedDate=1726675200000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773996378374, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1761062400000, pubDateStr=2025-10-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773996378374, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773996378374, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996378374, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241794070289387562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='227', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773996377775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996935444, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796409465307627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241794070289387562, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796409465307628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241794070289387562, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=121, endPage=130, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241794073191842149, articleId=1241794072801771861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Influence of ground motion duration on damping reduction factor, columnId=1241794071602200899, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=Research Paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This study investigates the influence of ground motion duration on the damping reduction factor through response spectrum analysis of single-degree-of-freedom systems with various damping ratio levels. The significant duration (DS5-95) is chosen as the measure for ground motion duration. By using 84 pairs of long-duration (LD) and short-duration (SD) spectrally equivalent records, the effect of ground motion duration is decoupled from the acceleration spectral shape. The average damping reduction factors for the LD and SD sets are calculated within the range of natural periods from 0 to 6 seconds at different damping ratio levels. The effects of damping ratio, natural period, and DS5-95 on the damping reduction factor are quantitatively analyzed. A nonlinear regression model is proposed to account for the influence of ground motion duration on the damping reduction factor, with the regression parameters provided. The results indicate that, for a linear single-degree-of-freedom system, the influence of ground motion duration on the damping reduction factor depends on the natural period and damping ratio. In the short-period range, DS5-95 has no significant effect on the damping reduction factor、However, in the long-period range, the damping reduction factor tends to decrease as DS5-95 increases.

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基于单自由度体系中不同阻尼比水平的反应谱分析,该文研究了地震动持续时间对阻尼折减系数的影响。选择显著持时(DS5-95)作为衡量地震动持时的指标。通过使用84对长持时组(long-duration, LD)和短持时组(short-duration, SD)频谱等效的地震动记录,可以将地震动持时与其加速度反应谱形状的影响解耦。通过在不同阻尼比水平下反应谱分析结果计算得出LD组与SD组在自振周期0~6 s范围内的平均阻尼折减系数,定量分析阻尼比、自振周期以及DS5-95对阻尼折减系数的影响。采用非线性回归分析,提出了一个考虑地震动持时影响的阻尼折减系数回归模型并给出了模型回归参数。结果表明,对于弹性单自由度系统,地震动持时对阻尼折减系数的影响与自振周期和阻尼比有关。在短周期范围内,DS5-95对阻尼折减系数没有显著影响;然而,在长周期范围内,阻尼折减系数会随着DS5-95的增长呈减小趋势。

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李弢(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震和防灾减灾研究。E-mail:
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喻永杰(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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喻永杰(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802961714742120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794072801771861, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2009, volume=99, issue=6, pageStart=3217, pageEnd=3233, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=39, authorNames=BOMMER J J, STAFFORD P J, ALARCON J E, journalName=Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BOMMER J J, STAFFORD P J, ALARCON J E. Empirical equations for the prediction of the significant, bracketed, and uniform duration of earthquake ground motion[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 2009, 99(6): 3217-3233., articleTitle=Empirical equations for the prediction of the significant, bracketed, and uniform duration of earthquake ground motion, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241802956778045952, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794072801771861, awardId=52408344; 52278512, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(52408344; 52278512), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241802948523655964, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794072801771861, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241802948557210404, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794072801771861, companyId=1241802948523655964, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Department of Civil Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China), 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figureFileBig=ModpWXLNgJ+Ecda9ON7b6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802956010488261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794072801771861, language=CN, label=图10, caption=DRF随周期变化情况, figureFileSmall=tGa9tF6MdoC+d/4PqrWeow==, figureFileBig=ModpWXLNgJ+Ecda9ON7b6w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802956140511697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794072801771861, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Selecting criteria for ground motions in LD sets

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地震记录特征单位筛选范围地震记录特征单位筛选范围
断层距(Rrupkm10~250峰值地面加速度(PGA) g≥0.1
显著持时(DS5-95s30~90峰值地面速度(PGV)cm/s≥10
震级(MW≥5.0最低可用频率(LUF)Hz≥0.167
), ArticleFig(id=1241802956299895258, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794072801771861, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

LD组地震动筛选标准

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地震记录特征单位筛选范围地震记录特征单位筛选范围
断层距(Rrupkm10~250峰值地面加速度(PGA) g≥0.1
显著持时(DS5-95s30~90峰值地面速度(PGV)cm/s≥10
震级(MW≥5.0最低可用频率(LUF)Hz≥0.167
), ArticleFig(id=1241802956425724389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794072801771861, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Regression coefficients for the DRF model

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周期/s回归系数/(×10-2
0.106.91-4.09-1.293.66-5.481.47-2.862.27-0.78
0.257.79-4.98-3.484.53-1.511.94-3.482.37-1.25
0.506.12-2.58-5.274.79-5.25-1.42-4.213.920.81
0.805.26-1.41-7.354.56-3.88-0.391.251.280.56
1.004.92-9.770.47-5.08-4.61-1.272.081.010.32
1.507.95-5.000.64-6.66-5.23-1.22-1.953.250.04
3.008.16-6.061.13-9.122.45-2.183.27-1.130.36
5.0010.05-8.981.97-5.83-2.931.732.63-1.25-0.11
6.009.48-8.012.12-3.68-3.321.612.31-1.85-0.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241802956551553518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794072801771861, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

DRF模型回归系数

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周期/s回归系数/(×10-2
0.106.91-4.09-1.293.66-5.481.47-2.862.27-0.78
0.257.79-4.98-3.484.53-1.511.94-3.482.37-1.25
0.506.12-2.58-5.274.79-5.25-1.42-4.213.920.81
0.805.26-1.41-7.354.56-3.88-0.391.251.280.56
1.004.92-9.770.47-5.08-4.61-1.272.081.010.32
1.507.95-5.000.64-6.66-5.23-1.22-1.953.250.04
3.008.16-6.061.13-9.122.45-2.183.27-1.130.36
5.0010.05-8.981.97-5.83-2.931.732.63-1.25-0.11
6.009.48-8.012.12-3.68-3.321.612.31-1.85-0.05
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地震动持续时间对阻尼折减系数的影响
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喻永杰 , 李弢 , 戴靠山 , 杨毅坚 , 吴孟桃
地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025,45(5): 121-130
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地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025, 45(5): 121-130
地震动持续时间对阻尼折减系数的影响
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喻永杰 , 李弢 , 戴靠山, 杨毅坚, 吴孟桃
作者信息
  • 四川大学土木工程系,四川成都610065
  • 喻永杰(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

李弢(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震和防灾减灾研究。E-mail:
Influence of ground motion duration on damping reduction factor
Yongjie YU , Tao LI , Kaoshan DAI, Yijian YANG, Mengtao WU
Affiliations
  • Department of Civil Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
出版时间: 2025-10-22 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0512
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基于单自由度体系中不同阻尼比水平的反应谱分析,该文研究了地震动持续时间对阻尼折减系数的影响。选择显著持时(DS5-95)作为衡量地震动持时的指标。通过使用84对长持时组(long-duration, LD)和短持时组(short-duration, SD)频谱等效的地震动记录,可以将地震动持时与其加速度反应谱形状的影响解耦。通过在不同阻尼比水平下反应谱分析结果计算得出LD组与SD组在自振周期0~6 s范围内的平均阻尼折减系数,定量分析阻尼比、自振周期以及DS5-95对阻尼折减系数的影响。采用非线性回归分析,提出了一个考虑地震动持时影响的阻尼折减系数回归模型并给出了模型回归参数。结果表明,对于弹性单自由度系统,地震动持时对阻尼折减系数的影响与自振周期和阻尼比有关。在短周期范围内,DS5-95对阻尼折减系数没有显著影响;然而,在长周期范围内,阻尼折减系数会随着DS5-95的增长呈减小趋势。

地震动持续时间  /  阻尼折减系数  /  显著持时  /  反应谱  /  非线性回归分析

This study investigates the influence of ground motion duration on the damping reduction factor through response spectrum analysis of single-degree-of-freedom systems with various damping ratio levels. The significant duration (DS5-95) is chosen as the measure for ground motion duration. By using 84 pairs of long-duration (LD) and short-duration (SD) spectrally equivalent records, the effect of ground motion duration is decoupled from the acceleration spectral shape. The average damping reduction factors for the LD and SD sets are calculated within the range of natural periods from 0 to 6 seconds at different damping ratio levels. The effects of damping ratio, natural period, and DS5-95 on the damping reduction factor are quantitatively analyzed. A nonlinear regression model is proposed to account for the influence of ground motion duration on the damping reduction factor, with the regression parameters provided. The results indicate that, for a linear single-degree-of-freedom system, the influence of ground motion duration on the damping reduction factor depends on the natural period and damping ratio. In the short-period range, DS5-95 has no significant effect on the damping reduction factor、However, in the long-period range, the damping reduction factor tends to decrease as DS5-95 increases.

ground motion duration  /  damping reduction factor  /  significant duration  /  response spectrum  /  nonlinear regression analysis
喻永杰, 李弢, 戴靠山, 杨毅坚, 吴孟桃. 地震动持续时间对阻尼折减系数的影响. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (5) : 121 -130 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0512
Yongjie YU, Tao LI, Kaoshan DAI, Yijian YANG, Mengtao WU. Influence of ground motion duration on damping reduction factor[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (5) : 121 -130 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0512
近年来,随着隔震和消能减震技术的推广应用,在结构抗震设计与性能评估中,经常需要应用高于5%阻尼比的反应谱。因此,准确的阻尼折减系数调整反应谱,对于高阻尼工程结构具有重要意义。在传统的抗震设计中,大多数国家的建筑规范一般提供5%阻尼比的反应谱。在对阻尼比不为5%的工程结构进行抗震设计时,常将阻尼比为5%的弹性反应谱乘以阻尼折减系数,从而得到其他阻尼比的弹性反应谱[1]。自20世纪80年代至今,许多学者对阻尼折减系数展开了系统研究。NEWMARK等[2]提出了一种用于估算高阻尼下弹性反应谱的方法,基于三联反应谱并利用加速度、速度和位移放大系数计算特定周期范围内的反应谱值,其方法与结果已被ACT-40[3]和FEMA-35[4]等大多数设计规范采纳。ASHOUR[5]及TOLIS等[6]提出了阻尼折减系数回归模型,但是该模型只考虑了阻尼比的影响使得在大多数周期不准确。随着研究的深入,人们发现自振周期、震源因素、地震类型以及场地条件等对阻尼折减系数的影响不可忽略。WU等[7]以及LIN等[8]提出了考虑阻尼比与自振周期双因素影响的位移谱阻尼折减系数回归方程。胡聿贤[9]、王曙光等[10]提出了与自振周期和阻尼比有关的阻尼折减系数计算公式。LIN等[11]基于1 037条地震动,统计了场地条件对于阻尼折减系数的影响,并针对不同场地类别给出了对应的阻尼折减系数回归模型。BOMMER等[12]、HAO等[13]提出的阻尼折减系数回归模型主要考虑了震级、震中距、近场脉冲效应以及地震动持时的影响,具有更广泛的适用性;张潇男等[14]与姜明秀等[15]以及刘名吉等[16]则主要考虑了地震类型对阻尼折减系数的影响,建立了俯冲带板间与板内地震的加速度谱阻尼折减系数模型。
需要指出的是,一般认为地震震级越大,地震动持时也越长,对建筑结构的破坏能力也往往更强。尤其是当结构进入强非线性后,长持时地震动会造成构件因累积损伤而退化或破坏,进而引起结构整体破坏。然而在一些数值计算中表明,在某些高阻尼比结构中,当地震强度不大时,由持时更长的地震动引起的结构响应反而较小[17-18]。这一现象引起了学者对地震动持时对阻尼折减系数对影响的思考。然而,要量化地震动持时与阻尼折减系数的关系相当复杂,部分影响阻尼折减系数的因素也直接或间接影响地震动持时。王国弢等[19]、王巨等[20]在BOMMER等[12]研究基础上发现地震动持时和震级对阻尼折减系数的影响更为显著,相比之下断层距和场地条件的影响可忽略,其建立的回归模型中的线性震级项反映了震级与地震动持时存在正的强相关性。ZHOU等[21]定量分析了地震动持时对阻尼折减系数的影响,同时提出了通过非线性多元回归分析给出了考虑地震动持时的阻尼折减系数回归模型,但并未将地震动持时与反应谱形状等其他影响因素解耦。综上,对于强震、远场地震等,其地震动持时通常更长,需采用的阻尼折减系数尚需进一步研究。
本文在上述研究的基础上,为了单独研究地震动持续时间对阻尼折减系数的影响,通过从PEER NGA-WEST2数据库中挑选出反应谱形状相似的84对长、短持时2组地震动,从而将地震动频谱特性与地震动持时的影响解耦,定量研究了显著持时DS5-95对不同阻尼比和不同自振周期单自由度体系的阻尼折减系数的影响。针对不同周期、阻尼比的单自由度体系,计算了所选地震动的反应谱,从而得到各条地震动的阻尼折减系数。统计结果表明,显著持时DS5-95对阻尼折减系数的影响不可忽略,并与阻尼比和自振周期密切相关。在短周期段,显著持时DS5-95对阻尼折减系数无显著影响;而在中长周期段,阻尼折减系数随显著持时DS5-95的增加而降低。在此基础上,本文利用非线性回归分析总结出考虑DS5-95的阻尼折减系数模型。最后通过实际数据与回归拟合结果,验证提出的模型能间接考虑显著持时DS5-95对阻尼折减系数的影响。
地震动幅值、频谱特性和持时是地震动的3个重要工程特性。现行的各国抗震设计已经充分考虑了幅值和频谱特性的影响,这一点从依赖于规范反应谱的抗震设计方法可见一般。然而,持时作为地震动3个主要工程特性之一,在标准的抗震设计流程中往往未被充分体现。其主要原因是:①目前尚未形成关于持时的统一和普遍接受的定义标准;②缺乏可靠的持时影响的预测方程以供工程应用;③影响持时的因素相对复杂,难以单独量化[22]
直接使用地震记录的总时长来分析其对结构响应的影响通常不是最合理的方法,这是由于地震记录通常包含地震发生前后的低幅值振动,这可能会对结果造成干扰。在早期研究中, VELETSOS等[23]以及HOUSNER等[24]通过肉眼观察来判定地震动持时。随着时间推移与技术进步,研究者们开始采用一系列更精细的数学方法来定义与工程研究密切相关的有效持时。对地震动持续时间的定义方式较多,其中,由TRIFUNAC等[25]定义的显著持时(significant duration,也称为Trifunac持时、重要持时或能量持时)与结构非线性动力响应具有较高的相关性[26],因此本文采用该定义。显著持时通常用Arias强度[27]累积到一定比例的时间间隔来确定,即
式中:IA为Arias强度;at)为地震动加速度时程;T为地震动记录的总时长;DS为显著持时。一般来说,当Arias强度累积到约5%之后,地震动中对结构危害更大的S波到达,而当Arias强度累积到约75%或95%时,分别代表S波或面波基本结束[28]。因此,通常选取t1为地震动5%Arias强度对应的时刻点,t2为地震动75%或95%Arias强度对应的时刻点,分别定义为5%~75%显著持时(DS5-75)和5%~95%显著持时(DS5-95),二者与结构非线性动力响应均有较高的相关性,本研究采用DS5-95来量化地震动持时。
本研究中使用的初始地震动记录是从美国太平洋地震中心(Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research, PEER)NGA-WEST2数据库[29]中筛选的,该数据库包括21000多条三分量地震时程记录,这些记录来自全球构造活跃地区的浅层地震事件,震级(MW)在3.0~7.9之间,断层距(Rrup)分布在0.1~1533 km之间。首先在数据库中选择具有较长持时的LD组地震记录,根据记录的RrupDS5-95MW、峰值地面加速度(peak ground acceleration, PGA)、峰值地面速度(peak ground velocity, PGV)和最低可用频率(lowest usable frequency, LUF)进行筛选,具体标准见表1
经筛选可得到206条长持时地震动记录,相应地为每条长持时地震记录选择一条具有相似反应谱的短持时地震动组成SD组,筛选出的SD组地震动除DS5-95要求小于30 s外其余筛选标准与LD组地震动无异。采用误差平方和(sum of squared errors, SSE)来衡量每对候选长、短持时地震动拟加速度谱之间的差异,即
式中:LiSi分别为长、短持时地震动在第i个周期点的离散化拟加速度谱值;f为调幅因子,按照式(4)计算:
式中:分别为每条长持时地震动在周期0.01~6.00 s(取间隔0.01 s,共计600个周期点)内的拟加速度谱的几何平均值。同时规定0.2≤f≤5.0,避免对地震动进行过度缩放。
对于以上筛选的各条长持时地震动,分别计算其与数据库中每一条满足要求的短持时地震记录相匹配时的SSE值,并选择SSE值最小的一条短持时地震记录。该记录与对应长持时地震记录具有最相似的拟加速度谱。在此基础上,进一步筛选206对记录中SSE值最小的84对(SSE值在0.19~1.95 g2之间),见图1。根据DS5-95将上述一一对应的84对地震波分为长持时(LD)和短持时(SD)这2组,作为本研究使用的地震记录。
LD组和SD组中频谱等效的一对地震动在5%阻尼比下的拟加速度谱与加速度时程见图2。图中SD组地震动采用调幅因子f来缩放。如图所示,尽管2条地震动的拟加速度谱形状相似,但LD组地震动的DS5-95相较于SD组更大。2组地震动的特征参数分布见图3图3(a)表明了2组地震动的震级和断层距的分布,通过图3(a)的结果可以得到, LD组与SD组的地震动的震级大多分布于6~8级之间,断层距分布于10~90 km之间, SD组地震动的震级与断层距分布略小于LD组地震动,可以表明地震动持时与震级、断层距呈一定正相关。LD组和SD组的DS5-95的分布情况见图3(b)。选取的SD组地震动与之前从数据库筛选出符合条件的LD组地震动有极为相似的拟加速度反应谱,但其DS5-95明显相比较短。SD组与LD组的DS5-95几何平均值分别为19.7、40.5 s。与LD组地震动比较, SD组地震动的DS5-95的几何平均值低51.4%。
LD组和SD组单个地震动记录在5%阻尼比下的拟加速度反应谱以及2组的平均反应谱,见图4。由图可知, LD组和SD组地震动的平均反应谱高度吻合。
考虑不同阻尼比的单自由度体系,计算LD组和SD组地震动反应谱,得出高阻尼比下的平均阻尼折减系数。本节首先介绍了单自由度体系在SD组和LD组地震动下的数值分析结果,通过比较揭示在不同阻尼比和不同自振周期处DS5-95对阻尼折减系数的影响。再通过非线性回归分析总结出考虑DS5-95的阻尼折减系数计算公式,通过实际数据与回归拟合结果说明地震动持时对阻尼折减系数的影响。
阻尼折减系数(damping redution factor, DRF)的定义为
式中:ξTω分别为弹性单自由度体系的阻尼比、自振周期和频率;Sdξ,T)、PSaξ,T)分别为阻尼比为ξ,自振周期为T的单自由度体系的位移和拟加速度反应谱值,其中后者可由前者乘以结构自振频率ω的平方得到。
LD与SD这2组地震动得到的10%~30%阻尼比下平均阻尼折减系数随自振周期变化曲线见图5。由图可知,2组波的平均阻尼折减系数均随着阻尼比的增加而减小。而随着自振周期的增大,平均阻尼折减系数则呈现先快速减小,之后平稳波动;LD组在约4.0 s后先缓慢增大,约4.8 s后又缓慢降低,而SD组在约3.6 s后开始缓慢增大。为进一步揭示持时对阻尼折减系数的影响,图5还对比了LD组与SD组地震动在不同阻尼比下的平均阻尼折减系数谱随自振周期和持时的变化情况。图中2组地震动波平均阻尼折减系数的差距为(SD-LD)/LD×100%,由图5可知,当自振周期T<1 s时,2组波的平均阻尼折减系数基本相同;当T>1 s时, LD组地震动的平均阻尼折减系数普遍低于SD组地震动;当阻尼比ξ=10%时,2组波的平均阻尼折减系数差距较小;当阻尼比ξ≥20%时,可以得出2组波在长周期段的平均阻尼折减系数随阻尼比增大而增大。
T为0.25、1.5、5 s,ξ为10%、20%、30%时,阻尼折减系数随DS5-95的变化情况见图6。图中的直线为阻尼折减系数与显著持时DS5-95的线性拟合结果。由图可知,在短周期段(例如T=0.25 s),DS5-95对阻尼折减系数并没有明显的影响;然而在中长周期段(例如T为1.5、5 s),随着DS5-95的增加,阻尼折减系数逐渐减小,并且随着阻尼比的增加,持时的影响变得更加显著。
由式(5)两边分别取对数有:
根据本文对168条长短持时不同的地震动进行数据结果统计分析,在0~6 s的自振周期范围内, ln(ηξ,T))与正态分布曲线拟合结果较好。在阻尼比ξ=10%时,T为0.25、5 s处ln(ηξ,T))的直方图、标准化频率下的概率密度函数(probability density function, PDF)以及累积分布函数(cumulative distribution function, CDF)的拟合结果,见图7
图7可知,阻尼折减系数近似服从对数正态分布,因此可以假设在给出特定自振周期和阻尼比的情况下, ln(ηξ,T))服从正态分布,并给出了考虑地震动显著持时DS5-95的回归模型,即
式中:μξ,T,DS5-95)为ln(ηξ,T))的期望,ϵ为随机误差且ϵ~N(0,σ2ξ,T));σ2ξ,T)为在阻尼比ξ与自振周期T时ln(ηξ,T))的方差。在指定阻尼比ξi∈(10%~30%)与周期Tj∈(0.1~6 s)处,μξ,T,DS5-95)的估计值为
由于阻尼折减系数近似满足对数正态分布,可以先将168条地震动按照ln(DS5-95)分为6组(ln(DS5-95)([-2.0,2.6)、[2.6,2.9)、[2.9,3.2)、[3.2,3.5)、[3.5,3.8)、[3.8,6.0))并分别计算出每个阻尼比下各持时组的ln(ηξ,T))均值μξ,T,DS5-95)。由于需要建立考虑地震动持时的非线性回归模型,因此假设在特定自振周期Tj处,回归方程满足以下多项式形式,即
非线性回归过程分为求解主系数与次系数两步进行。首先在给定一个指定阻尼比ξi后,在T∈(0.05~6.00 s)范围内,时间间隔为0.01 s的某一Tj处,利用每组ln(DS5-95)下ln(ηξi,Tj,DS5-95))的均值μξi,Tj,DS5-95)采用最小二乘法回归出主系数。在依次输入给定的5个高阻尼比后重复回归过程可以得到在各个高阻尼比下各主系数的初步估计值。然后在Tj处使用y=a+blnξi+c(lnξi2的形式拟合各主系数的初步估计值与阻尼比ξ的关系,并以5个高阻尼比下各个主系数的估计值为数据点,分别对式(10)~式(12)进行回归分析,可以求出等9个次系数的估计值,设
在结构自振周期T=0.25 s和T=5.00 s处,式(10)~式(12)主系数与阻尼比的拟合结果见图8。对T∈(0.05~6.00 s)范围内,时间间隔为0.01 s的自振周期点重复回归过程可以得到所有自振周期点的回归方程。在Tj处回归方程如式(13):
部分周期点回归系数的估计值见表2。其余周期点的回归系数估计值可以由线性插值法确定。需要指出的是,采用9个回归系数较为复杂,但对于保证回归结果的准确性是必要的。
T=5 s处回归模型轮廓图见图9,同时将利用模型计算得出的阻尼折减系数中值与168条地震动实际数据中值对比。由图可知,将168条地震动按地震动持时大小分为6组,图中DS5-95值为每组地震动的显著持时DS5-95中值,通过进行分组计算,能够较为准确地分析DS5-95对阻尼折减系数的影响。图9表明本文提出的非线性回归模型拟合结果较好。同时,DS5-95对阻尼折减系数的影响与阻尼比密不可分。总体上,阻尼折减系数随着阻尼比的增加而减小;在长周期段,阻尼折减系数随着DS5-95的增长而减小。
为验证本文提出的阻尼折减系数回归模型的准确性,在所挑选的84组长短持时对应的地震动中选取25组地震记录,其震级与断层距分别在6.5~7.5和40~80 km范围之内。25组地震动的平均DS5-95为19.94 s。现有一个单自由度体系,其自振周期为5 s,阻尼比为25%。将选取的25组长短持时地震动作为输入,通过谱分析结果得出该体系精确的阻尼折减系数中值为0.657。由本文所构建的考虑地震动持时的阻尼折减系数非线性回归模型所求得的阻尼折减系数中值为0.618。通过上述计算结果可知,采用本文所构建的非线性回归模型计算的阻尼折减系数中值所产生的误差仅为-5.93%。
目前各国规范中阻尼折减系数的预测公式均未将地震动持时作为参数引入,我国GB/T 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计标准》[30]中提出的谱阻尼折减系数仅仅与阻尼比、结构自振周期等有关。分别取阻尼比为10%、20%、30%,DS5-95分别为SD和LD组的几何平均值19.7、40.5 s,图10对比了GB/T 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计标准》中的阻尼折减系数与本文所提出的回归模型的差异。由图可知,现行规范反应谱提供的阻尼折减系数方程并未考虑地震动持时对阻尼折减系数的影响,当地震动持时较大时,与本文所提出的模型相差较大。考虑到震级、断层距、场地等参数对DS5-95的显著影响,为了在实际工程中考虑地震动持时对DRF的影响,可采用概率地震危险性分析方法,确定工程所在场地最可能的设计地震,进一步基于DS5-95预测方程(例如, BOMMER等[31]提出的持时预测模型)可求解DS5-95,代入本文提出的回归模型即可得出考虑持时影响的阻尼折减系数。
本文基于线弹性单自由度体系,对84组频谱特性相似的长持时与短持时2组地震动在不同高阻尼比水平下的平均阻尼折减系数谱进行了结果统计分析,同时在此基础上提出了考虑显著持时DS5-95用于量化地震持时的非线性回归模型以此验证分析结果,最终得出以下结论:
1)DS5-95对阻尼折减系数的影响与阻尼比与结构自振周期密不可分;在高阻尼比下(ξ>5%),阻尼折减系数随着阻尼比增大而减小,且随着阻尼比进一步增大,当ξ>10%之后,这种变化趋势逐渐减缓;短周期范围内阻尼折减系数随自振周期增加先急剧减小,之后在中长周期范围内随自振周期T的增大缓慢增大。
2)对于所有高阻尼比体系,阻尼折减系数随着DS5-95的增加而减小的变化趋势一致。在短周期内,DS5-95对于阻尼折减系数无显著影响,但随着自振周期T的增长,DS5-95对于阻尼折减系数的影响更加显著。
3)本文所提出的考虑用DS5-95量化地震动持时的非线性回归模型在各国相关规范中并未提及,故在实际工程中可对场地执行地震易损性分析,从而得出工程所在场地可能的设计地震,将设计地震对应震级、断层距等参数代入DS5-95预测方程得出其回归方程即可得到考虑DS5-95的阻尼折减系数。本文所提出的考虑用DS5-95量化地震动持时的非线性回归模型对确定实际工程结构所在场地最可能的设计地震的地震动强度参数取值提供了相关参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52408344; 52278512)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0512
  • 接收时间:2024-06-03
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-10-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-03
  • 修回日期:2024-09-19
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52408344; 52278512)
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    四川大学土木工程系,四川成都610065

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李弢(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震和防灾减灾研究。E-mail:
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