Article(id=1241793464510256059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241793456876618047, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0416, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711987200000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-02, revisedDate=1718726400000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-19, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773996233345, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1755792000000, pubDateStr=2025-08-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773996233345, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773996233345, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996233345, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241793456876618047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='222', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773996231526, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773997043565, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796862877958695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241793456876618047, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796862877958696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241793456876618047, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=159, endPage=168, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241793466334778318, articleId=1241793464510256059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Performance analysis of a new type SMA composite pendulum damping system for ancient masonry pagodas, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To enhance the protection of masonry pagodas and improve the damping performance of suspension pendulum damper (SPD), a novel SMA composite pendulum damping system is proposed, integrating shape memory alloy (SMA) into SPD. This system enhances the inertia force generated by the pendulum within SPD by leveraging the super elasticity and high damping characteristics of SMA, thereby improving the overall energy dissipation capability of the damping system. Initially, the study outlines the process of obtaining the equivalent restoring force of SMA through stochastic equivalent linearization. Subsequently, it establishes the SDOF computational model of the SMA composite pendulum damping system by drawing parallels with the SDOF computational model of SPD. The paper elucidates the structure and operational principles of the damping system, followed by an exploration of the effects of two control parameters on its performance. Further, the study applies both SPD and the new composite pendulum damping system to a masonry pagoda. The structural vibration response is analyzed under three distinct seismic excitations following the implementation of the damping system using ABAQUS software. The findings reveal that the SMA composite pendulum damping system outperforms SPD in vibration control under various seismic excitations, demonstrating its superior applicability.

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为了增强对砖石古塔的保护,提高悬摆阻尼器(suspension pendulum damper,SPD)的减震性能,通过在SPD中引入形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA),提出了一种新型SMA复合悬摆减震系统。该系统的主要特点是通过SMA的超弹性,高阻尼特性,放大SPD中摆锤产生的惯性力,从而提高减震系统的整体耗能能力。首先,通过随机等效线性化得到SMA的等效恢复力形式,并类比SPD的单自由度计算模型,推导出SMA复合悬摆减震系统的单自由度计算模型;接着,介绍了减震系统的构造及工作原理;研究了2种控制参数对该减震系统的影响规律;最后,将SPD与新型复合悬摆减震系统应用于砖石古塔,通过ABAQUS分析了结构引入减震系统后,在3种不同地震激励下的振动响应。研究结果表明:在不同地震动作用下,SMA复合悬摆减震系统相比SPD拥有更好的振动控制效果,具有较好的适用性。

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杨涛(1984—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事古建筑保护、结构振动控制的研究。E-mail:

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杨涛(1984—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事古建筑保护、结构振动控制的研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Seismic performance evaluation of small wild goose pagoda structure based on IDA method, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241802919100617671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793464510256059, awardId=2023-YBSF-516, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBSF-516), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241802909361443035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793464510256059, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241802909390803166, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793464510256059, companyId=1241802909361443035, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241802909403386081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802918081401693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793464510256059, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Seismic mitigation rates for different mass ratios under Jiangyou wave excitations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质量比/%无控制SPD控制SMA复合悬摆减震系统控制
位移/mm加速度/g位移/mm减震率ζD/%加速度/g减震率ζA/%位移/mm减震率ζD/%加速度/g减震率ζA/%
14.0250.3144.083-1.440.2839.873.26618.860.22518.79
24.0250.3144.084-1.470.27612.103.19220.700.21431.85
34.0250.3144.085-1.490.26515.612.96726.260.19537.90
44.0250.3144.085-1.490.25120.062.73831.960.18939.81
54.0250.3144.085-1.490.24521.972.58435.800.18242.04
), ArticleFig(id=1241802918257562478, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793464510256059, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

江油波激励下不同质量比基准模型减震率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质量比/%无控制SPD控制SMA复合悬摆减震系统控制
位移/mm加速度/g位移/mm减震率ζD/%加速度/g减震率ζA/%位移/mm减震率ζD/%加速度/g减震率ζA/%
14.0250.3144.083-1.440.2839.873.26618.860.22518.79
24.0250.3144.084-1.470.27612.103.19220.700.21431.85
34.0250.3144.085-1.490.26515.612.96726.260.19537.90
44.0250.3144.085-1.490.25120.062.73831.960.18939.81
54.0250.3144.085-1.490.24521.972.58435.800.18242.04
), ArticleFig(id=1241802918450500483, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793464510256059, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Basic material parameters

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材料密度/(kg/m3泊松比弹性模量/MPa
地基土20300.2120
砌砖12000.15703
混凝土24000.1630000
钢索78000.30200000
SMA65000.3354400(奥氏体)
), ArticleFig(id=1241802918584718221, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793464510256059, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基本材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料密度/(kg/m3泊松比弹性模量/MPa
地基土20300.2120
砌砖12000.15703
混凝土24000.1630000
钢索78000.30200000
SMA65000.3354400(奥氏体)
), ArticleFig(id=1241802918710547353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793464510256059, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of vibration reduction ratios of top floor under different seismic excitations

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地震激励El Centro波江油波人工波
加速度减震率SPD20.8114.135.61
SMA复合悬摆减震系统44.5736.5233.93
位移减震率SPD27.6115.765.72
SMA复合悬摆减震系统49.3240.6134.01
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不同地震动激励下结构顶部减震率对比

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地震激励El Centro波江油波人工波
加速度减震率SPD20.8114.135.61
SMA复合悬摆减震系统44.5736.5233.93
位移减震率SPD27.6115.765.72
SMA复合悬摆减震系统49.3240.6134.01
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新型砖石古塔结构SMA复合悬摆减震系统性能分析
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杨涛 , 张阳 , 刘章锐
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(4): 159-168
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(4): 159-168
新型砖石古塔结构SMA复合悬摆减震系统性能分析
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杨涛 , 张阳, 刘章锐
作者信息
  • 西安工程大学 城市规划与市政工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
  • 杨涛(1984—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事古建筑保护、结构振动控制的研究。E-mail:

Performance analysis of a new type SMA composite pendulum damping system for ancient masonry pagodas
Tao YANG , Yang ZHANG, Zhangrui LIU
Affiliations
  • School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
出版时间: 2025-08-22 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0416
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为了增强对砖石古塔的保护,提高悬摆阻尼器(suspension pendulum damper,SPD)的减震性能,通过在SPD中引入形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA),提出了一种新型SMA复合悬摆减震系统。该系统的主要特点是通过SMA的超弹性,高阻尼特性,放大SPD中摆锤产生的惯性力,从而提高减震系统的整体耗能能力。首先,通过随机等效线性化得到SMA的等效恢复力形式,并类比SPD的单自由度计算模型,推导出SMA复合悬摆减震系统的单自由度计算模型;接着,介绍了减震系统的构造及工作原理;研究了2种控制参数对该减震系统的影响规律;最后,将SPD与新型复合悬摆减震系统应用于砖石古塔,通过ABAQUS分析了结构引入减震系统后,在3种不同地震激励下的振动响应。研究结果表明:在不同地震动作用下,SMA复合悬摆减震系统相比SPD拥有更好的振动控制效果,具有较好的适用性。

悬摆阻尼器  /  减震控制  /  形状记忆合金  /  单自由度结构  /  地震响应分析

To enhance the protection of masonry pagodas and improve the damping performance of suspension pendulum damper (SPD), a novel SMA composite pendulum damping system is proposed, integrating shape memory alloy (SMA) into SPD. This system enhances the inertia force generated by the pendulum within SPD by leveraging the super elasticity and high damping characteristics of SMA, thereby improving the overall energy dissipation capability of the damping system. Initially, the study outlines the process of obtaining the equivalent restoring force of SMA through stochastic equivalent linearization. Subsequently, it establishes the SDOF computational model of the SMA composite pendulum damping system by drawing parallels with the SDOF computational model of SPD. The paper elucidates the structure and operational principles of the damping system, followed by an exploration of the effects of two control parameters on its performance. Further, the study applies both SPD and the new composite pendulum damping system to a masonry pagoda. The structural vibration response is analyzed under three distinct seismic excitations following the implementation of the damping system using ABAQUS software. The findings reveal that the SMA composite pendulum damping system outperforms SPD in vibration control under various seismic excitations, demonstrating its superior applicability.

suspension pendulum damper  /  seismic control  /  shape memory alloy  /  single-degree-of-freedom structure  /  seismic response analysis
杨涛, 张阳, 刘章锐. 新型砖石古塔结构SMA复合悬摆减震系统性能分析. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (4) : 159 -168 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0416
Tao YANG, Yang ZHANG, Zhangrui LIU. Performance analysis of a new type SMA composite pendulum damping system for ancient masonry pagodas[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (4) : 159 -168 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0416
砖石古塔是中国古代建筑的一种典型代表,具有宝贵的文物价值,然而受长期自然风化和地震的影响,多数古建筑的抗震性能严重下降[1]。近年来,古建筑的保护逐渐受到更多学者的重视,并提出了多种振动控制技术以减小结构在地震动激励下的响应[2-8],其中,通过在结构中增设耗能减震装置的被动控制,因其在制作成本、构造设计以及工作驱动动力等方面的优势成为应用较为广泛的振动控制方法[9-12]
悬吊摆阻尼器作为被动控制装置的一种,可以将自振频率与主结构的频率调节相接近,以此在风荷载、地震荷载等外部激励作用时,产生与结构相反的惯性力,从而减小结构受到的激励响应[13-14]。但在实际应用中,因结构内部空间的限制以及施工现场的影响,悬吊摆装置的自振频率不易调整至与结构接近,鉴于此,可以通过附加阻尼的方式,提高其耗能能力。形状记忆合金拥有超弹性特性和高阻尼特性,是理想的耗能元件[15],利用形状记忆合金与悬吊摆结构协调工作,可以放大悬吊摆的阻尼效应,更好地抑制结构响应。
因此,本文将悬吊摆减震装置与形状记忆合金的超弹性特性相结合,提出了一种形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)复合悬摆减震系统,通过类比悬摆减震结构单自由度计算模型,推导出SMA复合悬摆减震系统单自由度运动学方程,在此基础上,对其进行减震控制参数分析,同时,利用ABAQUS对设有减震装置的砖石古塔模型结构进行有限元仿真,将其与普通悬吊摆阻尼器进行对比,验证了SMA复合悬摆减震系统的减震性能。
对于超弹性SMA的力-变形关系,YAN等[16]提出了改进SMA本构关系,见图1,并在一些研究中[17]得到了广泛应用。
基于此本构关系,SMA的非线性恢复力可表示为
式中:φ为SMA处于马氏体时的刚度与奥氏体时的刚度之比;kSMA为SMA在奥氏体中的初始刚度;xt为SMA的位移;zs为迟滞位移,可通过式(2)计算,得
式中:a为奥氏体相变的弹性极限;b为触发马氏体相变的位移极限;sign(x)为符号函数,将式(2)中的非线性项zs替换为等效线性化形式zeq,则
式中,keqceq为等效线性系数,可通过式(4)、式(5)计算,得
式中:分别为xt的均方根;erf(x)为误差函数。将式(3)代入式(1),得到SMA恢复力的等效形式为
SMA的随机等效阻尼、刚度和恢复力可分别表示为
悬摆阻尼结构将质量摆锤悬吊在装置顶部,在地震作用下,装置受到的振动由底部传递到悬吊摆锤,使其发生摆动,从而吸收结构的部分动能。悬摆阻尼结构单自由度体系力学模型见图2。为便于计算,对其进行简化,并作如下假定:①模型上部水平横梁包含控制结构的所有质量,且视为刚性;②模型两侧立柱在竖直方向不可伸长,且忽略其重量;③模型两侧的立柱刚度和阻尼分别为ks/2和cs/2;④悬吊摆杆不可伸长,且忽略其质量。悬摆阻尼器(suspension pendulum damper,SPD)单自由度结构体系运动方程建立如式(8)所示:
式中:mdcdl分别为悬摆阻尼结构的质量、阻尼和摆长;xst)、分别为结构相对于地面的位移和速度;xdt)、分别为悬吊摆锤相对于地面的位移和速度;重力加速度用g表示。
类比SPD力学模型建立的SMA复合悬摆减震系统的力学简化模型见图3。其中各参数含义与前者相同。在外部激励作用下,结构和SMA复合悬摆减震系统的单自由度结构体系运动方程分别建立如式(9)、式(10)所示:
式中:mscsks分别为结构的质量、阻尼和刚度;xg为地震加速度。
xd-xs)即为SMA的位移xt,代入式(6),故SMA的等效线性恢复力为
SMA复合悬摆减震系统由单向铰、摆杆、悬吊摆锤、滑块、挡板、SMA丝(直径为1.0 mm)和转向滑轮组成见图4。其结构设计如下:①设有开孔的刚性摆杆上端与内部光滑的单向铰相连接,以确保摆杆垂直于开孔方向的运动,系统频率比可通过改变摆杆长度进行调整;②通过螺孔连接摆杆下端与摆锤,并在悬吊摆锤两侧预留附加质量安装位,以便于调整减震系统的质量比范围;③SMA丝的一侧穿过在整个减震系统底部设置的滑块挡板与滑块连接,另一侧借由转向滑轮改变其运动方向后与钢丝绳连接;④整个系统最终通过滑轮结构调整钢缆的运动方向后,与结构地面进行锚固,从而建立装置与系统间的可靠连接。
通过减震系统一个循环周期的变化情况,对其工作原理进行说明:①当地震效应较小时,悬吊摆锤可以在不接触滑块的情况下自由摆动,使得结构在借由整个减震系统外壳传递的反向惯性力作用下得到控制;②当结构受到严重地震作用时,悬吊摆锤与滑块共同参与工作,此时若结构受到的振动方向向右,则摆锤向相反一侧运动,使得与结构运动方向同侧的滑块牵引其控制的SMA丝参与工作;③一次震动通过结构后,悬吊摆锤将重新回归铅锤位置,SMA丝也同时恢复至预紧状态,并通过一个全滞回曲线的能量消耗循环,将控制作用通过钢索施加于结构上,从而抑制结构的地震响应,实现其能量耗散。悬吊摆锤向右摆动时同理。
基于上述的公式推导,对设置该系统的单自由度结构进行控制参数分析。整个系统的减震效果涉及悬吊摆长l、摆锤质量md等多个控制参数,对其具体定义如下:结构圆频率、结构阻尼比ξs=cs/(2msωs),悬摆式减震结构圆频率,频率比λωd/ωs,质量比μ=md/ms。定义一个基准模型,结构参数取值:ms =6000 kg,ks =565666 N/m,ξs =0.02,计算得ωs =9.7097 rad/s,f1 =1.5453 Hz。
整个减震系统的工作过程依赖于悬吊摆锤在结构受到外荷载作用产生振动后随之产生的惯性运动,研究表明[13-14],对于悬摆式减震结构,当其产生的控制频率与结构的自振频率一致时,二者会形成“反向共振”,即减震系统产生与结构运动同频率的反向荷载,从而应用共振原理对结构的某阶振型或某几阶振型进行减震控制。因此,对于上述假定的基准模型,当二者的频率比为1时,相对应的悬吊摆长。若假定质量比μ =5%,则md =300 kg。采用密度为7.85 × 103 kg/m3的常规钢材,则当矩形摆锤的底面积为0.1 m2时,对应的高度应为0.38 m,显然,此高度与初始设置的悬吊摆长相矛盾。但通过设置SMA丝来辅助调整减震系统的自振频率,即可更好地发挥减震系统的控制效果。根据具体情况,悬摆式减震结构的矩形摆锤底面积一般不宜大于0.4 m2,综合考虑选择摆锤底面积为0.2 m2,高度为0.1 m,悬吊摆长按照0.3 m设计。
则悬摆式减震结构圆频率,频率比λ=58.86%。要将整个减震系统调频至与基准模型结构一致,即与ωs相等,则
式中:K为SMA复合悬摆减震系统的整体刚度,考虑SMA的弹性模量在不同相变状态下的变化因素,进一步推导其取值,为
已有研究表明[14],质量比是影响悬摆式减震结构的一个重要因素,通常情况下,质量比μ越大,减震效果越明显。但综合考虑实际情况,质量比μ过大不仅会增加造价也不便于安装,因此将其取值范围设为1%~5%之间进行参数分析。采用减震率对系统的减震效果进行评估,位移减震率和加速度减震率分别表示为ζDζA;无控结构与受控结构的位移、加速度响应峰值分别用DUCDCAUCAC来表示,具体定义如式(14)、式(15)所示:
采用江油波进行地震动激励,将峰值加速度按照8度多遇地震调频为0.2 g,分别对采用不同质量比μ的无控单自由度基准模型,仅SPD控制和SMA复合悬摆减震系统控制的单自由度基准模型的减震效果进行分析。图5图6分别为质量比为1%、3%和5%时的加速度、位移时程曲线对比,不同质量比下基准模型的加速度、位移减震率见表1。由表1可知,对于控制结构,质量比越大,振动控制效果越明显,但考虑实际安装空间等限制,质量比也应控制不宜过大,对于该假定的基准模型,取4%为宜。
进一步探究SPD与SMA复合悬摆减震系统附加于砖石古塔结构后,在地震激励作用下的振动控制效果。考虑到地震激励的随机性以及对结构位移和加速度响应在不同地震激励下的影响存在差异等因素,结合GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》[18]中的规定,见图7。选取El Centro波、江油波以及1个人工上海波,共3条地震波作为激励,并均调幅至0.2 g。由图可知,经傅里叶变换后,3条地震波的频率分布各不相同,其中El Centro的频谱特性丰富;江油波持续时间较长,且在低频区间反应剧烈;人工波与所选结构的自振频率较接近。
选取文献[19]中的试验结构进行仿真分析。由于该试验结构经修缮后,自2层起每隔2~3层增设了钢筋混凝土梁、板构件,因此,原砖石古塔可近似简化为剪切框架结构,进而与前文所述理论模型更好地适应。模型结构及其下部地基土均采用三维实体单元建立,减震系统除钢索、定滑轮采用连接器建立以外,剩余部件均采用三维实体单元建立,结构各层间的相互作用采用Tie绑定进行约束,边界条件除对底部地基土进行三方向自由度固定外,还通过固结边界条件固定减震系统在2、4、8层的混凝土楼板上,采用无转动刚度的Hinge连接单元模拟SMA丝与钢索、小车车轴转动之间的连接,采用只允许轴向运动的Slip Ring连接单元模拟钢索与SMA丝的运动过程。为消除地震波在地基土中的反弹,采用六面体扫掠网格进行划分,并通过修改inp文件,将地基土单元修改为无限元CIN3D8[20],SMA丝使用T3D2桁架单元,其余部件选用C3D8R单元类型。通过模态分析得到模型结构自振频率,并用瑞丽阻尼方法求出结构材料的两系数αβ分别为1.7075、0.2668,地基土材料的αβ分别为0.4831、0.001665。模型建立效果及装置布置情况见图8,模型赋予材料参数见表2
模型结构在无控制状态和分别在2种减震系统控制下的各层动力放大系数绘制,见图9。由图可知,在引入减震系统后,结构在3种地震动激励下的动力响应均有所减小。其中,在El Centro波激励下,设置SPD后,动力放大系数仅平均减小了2.64%,相比之下,引入SMA复合悬摆减震系统后,动力放大系数平均减小了6.97%;在江油波激励下,引入复合悬摆减震系统后,动力放大系数平均减小了7.64%;而在人工波激励下,结构在引入SMA复合悬摆减震系统后,动力放大系数与无控制相比平均减小了17.50%,这表明,复合悬摆减震系统对与结构自振频率相近的地震动激励控制效果更加显著。
模型结构在无控制和分别在2种减震系统控制下的层间位移角分布情况见图10。由图可知,结构层间位移角随着层数的升高依次增大,直至结构顶部达到最大值。根据文献[21]中建议的关于砖石古塔类建筑的位移角限值区间可以得出,在El Centro波激励下,结构无控制时,从第8层开始发生中度破坏,层间位移角达到1/1819,最终发展至顶层1/450,超出1/500严重破坏极限;而在设置2种减震系统后,层间位移角均有所减小,在设置SPD后,结构自8层以下始终保持在中等破坏限值1/1200以下,结构顶部的层间位移角为1/508,控制在避免发生严重破坏的限值内;相比SPD,结构在设置SMA复合悬摆减震系统后,控制效果更为显著,仅顶部的层间位移角接近中等破坏,达到1/685。在江油波激励下,结构在设置SPD与SMA复合悬摆减震系统后,顶部的层间位移角分别控制在1/896和1/1016,对比分析可知,相较于前者,后者尚未达到中等破坏程度。结构层间位移情况在人工波激励下也类似,但由于其频率与结构更为接近,整体响应情况较前2种激励更大。
无控制结构和分别在2种减震系统控制下模型结构的顶部响应时程整体和局部图见图11。由于篇幅有限,仅展示了在El Centro波激励时的响应情况。整体上SPD对结构的减震效果不明显,尤其是对位移响应的控制,出现了部分放大的情况,说明仅通过SPD的悬吊摆长调节减震系统频率比无法使其自身频率与模型结构接近,但在SPD两侧增设SMA后,提供了附加阻尼,使其相较于SPD对模型结构有更好的减震效果。图中El Centro波激励下控制结构响应开始时存在部分放大的情况,这是由于悬吊摆锤对频率更为敏感,SMA尚未参与工作导致。
表3对比了模型结构在不同地震动激励下,分别设置2种控制系统后的减震率。数据表明,复合悬摆减震系统在峰值位移和峰值加速度控制方面均优于SPD。尤其是在El Centro波的作用下,前者的峰值位移响应比后者降低了21.71%,加速度降低了23.76%。在人工波的影响下,该系统也显示出显著的优势,进一步表明,通过附加SMA调整系统频率比,对接近结构自振频率的地震动具有更佳的控制效果。综合分析模型在3种不同地震动激励特性下的响应情况,该系统展现出更优越的控制效果和适应性。
本文利用SPD减震原理和SMA的超弹性特性,设计了一种新型SMA复合悬摆减震系统,并详细介绍了其细部构造及工作原理。通过对比常规SPD减震原理,建立了SMA复合悬摆减震系统的单自由度运动学方程,并研究了频率比和质量比这2个控制参数对减震系统性能的影响。通过ABAQUS分别模拟了2种减震系统控制下的砖石古塔结构在不同地震动激励时的减震效果,得出如下主要结论:
1)通过SMA辅助调节SPD的自振频率,使其接近结构主频率,可以在装置尺寸不变的情况下更好地发挥其控制效果。
2)质量比是影响减震系统性能的重要因素,随着质量比的增大,减震系统的控制效果也更加显著;在不同的质量比工况下,SMA复合悬摆减震系统的减震效果均优于SPD,且消除了SPD对控制结构位移的放大现象。
3)通过有限元分析得出,SMA复合悬摆减震系统可以较好地抑制加速度放大系数,减小层间位移角以控制结构的地震响应,并对与结构自振频率相近的地震有着更显著的加速度控制效果。
4)所提出的新型减震系统结合了SMA和SPD装置的优点,特殊的超弹性恢复能力可以有效地控制结构体系的地震响应,可以在传统古建筑中得到应用推广。
  • 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBSF-516)
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0416
  • 接收时间:2024-04-02
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-08-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-02
  • 修回日期:2024-06-19
基金
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2023-YBSF-516)
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    西安工程大学 城市规划与市政工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
total species (%)

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种数
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species
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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