Article(id=1241793463700755363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241793456876618047, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0412, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1707580800000, receivedDateStr=2024-02-11, revisedDate=1713024000000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-14, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773996233153, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1755792000000, pubDateStr=2025-08-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773996233153, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773996233153, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996233153, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241793456876618047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='222', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773996231526, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773997043565, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796862877958695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241793456876618047, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796862877958696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241793456876618047, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=116, endPage=125, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241793464162128818, articleId=1241793463700755363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Experimental study on the effect of reinforcement on the seismic performance of silt subgrade, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to investigate the effectiveness of treatment measures for silt subgrade in high seismic fortification areas, vibration table model tests were conducted on pure silt subgrade and reinforced silt subgrade. Based on a comparative analysis of the failure characteristics and dynamic response laws of the two models, the influence mechanism of reinforcement on the seismic performance of silt subgrade was explored. The experiment shows that after the peak acceleration of seismic load reaches 0.25 g, the experimental pure silt subgrade gradually experiences cracking, fragmentation, and sinking failure. After adding four layers of geogrids on the slope side of the subgrade, the seismic resistance of the silt subgrade can be effectively improved. When the peak acceleration of the seismic load is loaded to 0.35 g, although cracks also appear on the reinforced silt subgrade, the subgrade can still maintain good integrity. Under seismic loads, reinforced silt subgrade and pure silt subgrade have basically the same acceleration and dynamic soil pressure response rules. The acceleration amplification factor increases nonlinearly with the increase of subgrade height, and decreases with the increase of seismic load. Under the same load, the amplification factor on the slope side of the subgrade is larger than that on the centerline side, but the difference between reinforced silt subgrade is smaller. The dynamic soil pressure of both models shows a pattern of “larger on both sides and smaller in the middle” in the height direction of the subgrade. In the direction of the subgrade cross-section, the dynamic soil pressure on the centerline side of the subgrade is greater than that on the slope side. Due to the influence of subgrade structure, the potential fracture surface of reinforced silt subgrade under seismic loads will form at the end of the reinforced body and within the low pressure compaction zone. Reinforcement is an effective measure to improve the seismic performance of silt subgrades. In practical engineering applications, the length of the reinforcement should not be less than 0.65H, and there should also be sufficient anchoring length.

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为探究高抗震设防地区粉土路基处治措施的有效性,开展了素粉土路基和加筋粉土路基的振动台模型试验,在对比分析2组模型破坏特征与动响应规律的基础上,探讨了加筋对粉土路基抗震性能的影响机理。研究表明:试验素粉土路基在地震荷载加速度峰值加载到0.25 g后逐渐出现开裂、破碎和沉陷式破坏;在路基边坡侧加入4层土工格栅后,可有效提高粉土路基的抗震能力,当地震荷载加速度峰值加载到0.35 g后加筋粉土路基虽然也出现了裂缝,但路基仍能保持有良好的完整性;地震荷载下加筋粉土路基和素粉土路基具有基本相同的加速度和动土压力响应规律,加速度放大倍数随路基高度的增加而非线性增大、随地震荷载的增加加速度放大倍数增幅减小,相同荷载下路基边坡侧的放大倍数较中心线侧大,但加筋粉土路基的差异较小;2组模型的动土压力均在路基高度方向上呈“两边大,中间小”的形态,在沿路基横断面方向上表现为路基中心线侧的动土压力大于边坡侧;受路基结构影响,地震荷载下加筋粉土路基的潜在破裂面会在加筋体末端和低压实度区内形成;加筋是提高路基抗震性能的有效措施。实际工程应用时筋材长度不应小于0.65H,并还应有足够的锚固长度。

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刘泽(1975—),男,教授,博士,主要从事边坡支挡与加筋土技术方面的研究。E-mail:

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刘泽(1975—),男,教授,博士,主要从事边坡支挡与加筋土技术方面的研究。E-mail:

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刘泽(1975—),男,教授,博士,主要从事边坡支挡与加筋土技术方面的研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Shaking table test on seismic response of railway embankment slopes with different compaction degrees, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802927619244467, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463700755363, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JTG B02—2013公路工程抗震规范[S]. 北京:人民交通出版社,2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802927761850816, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463700755363, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JTG B02—2013 Specification of seismic design for highway engineering[S]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2013. 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figureFileBig=Gm/t98TMH934JtGZAiet+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802915116024426, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463700755363, language=CN, label=图15, caption=地震荷载下路基边坡稳定性计算模型, figureFileSmall=DAu+O2HR1nPt9n/Qojcxpw==, figureFileBig=Gm/t98TMH934JtGZAiet+Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802915258630776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463700755363, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=Development curves of stability coefficient of subgrade under seismic load, figureFileSmall=N9cAbzUHnewosWzpWcZiLA==, figureFileBig=C0Obb3sHUVwEZhfhmadedQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802915459957382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463700755363, language=CN, label=图16, caption=地震荷载下路基的稳定性系数发展曲线, figureFileSmall=N9cAbzUHnewosWzpWcZiLA==, figureFileBig=C0Obb3sHUVwEZhfhmadedQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802915589980817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463700755363, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main similarity coefficients of the model (Dimensionless exponent n=2)

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物理量符号及关系式相似系数物理量符号及关系式相似系数
几何尺寸lCl25内摩擦角φCφ1
密度比ρCρ1应变水平1
侧压力系数KCK1时间t11.18
输入加速度aCa1频率f0.089
质点加速度üCü1阻尼比λCλ=11
黏聚力cCc =CρCl25
), ArticleFig(id=1241802917200593574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463700755363, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

模型主要相似系数(无量纲指数n取2)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物理量符号及关系式相似系数物理量符号及关系式相似系数
几何尺寸lCl25内摩擦角φCφ1
密度比ρCρ1应变水平1
侧压力系数KCK1时间t11.18
输入加速度aCa1频率f0.089
质点加速度üCü1阻尼比λCλ=11
黏聚力cCc =CρCl25
), ArticleFig(id=1241802917376754358, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463700755363, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Physical and mechanical indexes of filler

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物理力学参数
最大干密度ρd,max/(g/cm31.74
最佳含水率wopt/%12
加州承载比/%10.1
黏聚力c/kPa4.8
内摩擦角φ/(°)17.7
液限wL/%27
塑限wP/%21
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填料的物理力学指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
物理力学参数
最大干密度ρd,max/(g/cm31.74
最佳含水率wopt/%12
加州承载比/%10.1
黏聚力c/kPa4.8
内摩擦角φ/(°)17.7
液限wL/%27
塑限wP/%21
), ArticleFig(id=1241802917720687332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463700755363, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Tensile strength of reinforcement

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2%伸长率5%伸长率极限状态
61330
), ArticleFig(id=1241802917842322159, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463700755363, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

筋材的抗拉强度

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2%伸长率5%伸长率极限状态
61330
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Components used in the test

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序号元器件名称型号误差数量
1加速度传感器CA-YD-188GF小于0.2%F.S16
2电阻应变式动土压力盒DYB-1小于0.8%F.S6
3动态采集仪优泰uT8916FRS-DY1
4加速度采集仪IMC CS-5008-N1
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试验使用的元器件

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序号元器件名称型号误差数量
1加速度传感器CA-YD-188GF小于0.2%F.S16
2电阻应变式动土压力盒DYB-1小于0.8%F.S6
3动态采集仪优泰uT8916FRS-DY1
4加速度采集仪IMC CS-5008-N1
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Loading plan for the experiment

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序号工况代号加速度峰值/g序号工况代号加速度峰值/g
1WC-10.0258WC-90.225
2WC-20.0509WC-100.250
3WC-30.07510WC-110.275
4WC-40.10011WC-120.300
5WC-60.15012WC-130.325
6WC-70.17513WC-140.350
7WC-80.200
), ArticleFig(id=1241802918534382403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463700755363, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

试验的加载方案

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序号工况代号加速度峰值/g序号工况代号加速度峰值/g
1WC-10.0258WC-90.225
2WC-20.0509WC-100.250
3WC-30.07510WC-110.275
4WC-40.10011WC-120.300
5WC-60.15012WC-130.325
6WC-70.17513WC-140.350
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加筋对粉土路基抗震性能的影响试验研究
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刘泽 1 , 罗佳晔 1 , 严文钦 1, 2 , 黄振华 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(4): 116-125
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(4): 116-125
加筋对粉土路基抗震性能的影响试验研究
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刘泽1 , 罗佳晔1, 严文钦1, 2, 黄振华1
作者信息
  • 1.湖南科技大学 土木工程学院,湖南 湘潭 411201
  • 2.中南大学 地球科学与信息物理学院,湖南 长沙 410012
  • 刘泽(1975—),男,教授,博士,主要从事边坡支挡与加筋土技术方面的研究。E-mail:

Experimental study on the effect of reinforcement on the seismic performance of silt subgrade
Ze LIU1 , Jiaye LUO1, Wenqin YAN1, 2, Zhenhua HUANG1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
  • 2.School of Geosciences and Info-physics, Central South University, Changsha 410012, China
出版时间: 2025-08-22 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0412
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为探究高抗震设防地区粉土路基处治措施的有效性,开展了素粉土路基和加筋粉土路基的振动台模型试验,在对比分析2组模型破坏特征与动响应规律的基础上,探讨了加筋对粉土路基抗震性能的影响机理。研究表明:试验素粉土路基在地震荷载加速度峰值加载到0.25 g后逐渐出现开裂、破碎和沉陷式破坏;在路基边坡侧加入4层土工格栅后,可有效提高粉土路基的抗震能力,当地震荷载加速度峰值加载到0.35 g后加筋粉土路基虽然也出现了裂缝,但路基仍能保持有良好的完整性;地震荷载下加筋粉土路基和素粉土路基具有基本相同的加速度和动土压力响应规律,加速度放大倍数随路基高度的增加而非线性增大、随地震荷载的增加加速度放大倍数增幅减小,相同荷载下路基边坡侧的放大倍数较中心线侧大,但加筋粉土路基的差异较小;2组模型的动土压力均在路基高度方向上呈“两边大,中间小”的形态,在沿路基横断面方向上表现为路基中心线侧的动土压力大于边坡侧;受路基结构影响,地震荷载下加筋粉土路基的潜在破裂面会在加筋体末端和低压实度区内形成;加筋是提高路基抗震性能的有效措施。实际工程应用时筋材长度不应小于0.65H,并还应有足够的锚固长度。

粉土路基  /  加筋  /  振动台试验  /  动响应特性  /  潜在破裂面

In order to investigate the effectiveness of treatment measures for silt subgrade in high seismic fortification areas, vibration table model tests were conducted on pure silt subgrade and reinforced silt subgrade. Based on a comparative analysis of the failure characteristics and dynamic response laws of the two models, the influence mechanism of reinforcement on the seismic performance of silt subgrade was explored. The experiment shows that after the peak acceleration of seismic load reaches 0.25 g, the experimental pure silt subgrade gradually experiences cracking, fragmentation, and sinking failure. After adding four layers of geogrids on the slope side of the subgrade, the seismic resistance of the silt subgrade can be effectively improved. When the peak acceleration of the seismic load is loaded to 0.35 g, although cracks also appear on the reinforced silt subgrade, the subgrade can still maintain good integrity. Under seismic loads, reinforced silt subgrade and pure silt subgrade have basically the same acceleration and dynamic soil pressure response rules. The acceleration amplification factor increases nonlinearly with the increase of subgrade height, and decreases with the increase of seismic load. Under the same load, the amplification factor on the slope side of the subgrade is larger than that on the centerline side, but the difference between reinforced silt subgrade is smaller. The dynamic soil pressure of both models shows a pattern of “larger on both sides and smaller in the middle” in the height direction of the subgrade. In the direction of the subgrade cross-section, the dynamic soil pressure on the centerline side of the subgrade is greater than that on the slope side. Due to the influence of subgrade structure, the potential fracture surface of reinforced silt subgrade under seismic loads will form at the end of the reinforced body and within the low pressure compaction zone. Reinforcement is an effective measure to improve the seismic performance of silt subgrades. In practical engineering applications, the length of the reinforcement should not be less than 0.65H, and there should also be sufficient anchoring length.

silt subgrade  /  reinforcement  /  shaking table test  /  dynamic response characteristics  /  potential fracture surface
刘泽, 罗佳晔, 严文钦, 黄振华. 加筋对粉土路基抗震性能的影响试验研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (4) : 116 -125 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0412
Ze LIU, Jiaye LUO, Wenqin YAN, Zhenhua HUANG. Experimental study on the effect of reinforcement on the seismic performance of silt subgrade[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (4) : 116 -125 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0412
粉土在我国的分布非常广泛。粉土不仅黏聚力小、强度低,而且压实性能和动力性能都比较差。当粉土被用作高抗震设防地区的高速公路路基填料时,如何保证路基具有足够的抗震性能是工程建设必须高度关注的问题。
现有粉土的动力性能研究[1-5]表明,地震作用下粉土的响应特性与其密实度、固结压力等因素相关,路基内的孔压有累积现象,当地震荷载峰值大于0.1 g时粉土就有可能出现液化现象,当地震荷载峰值达到0.2 g时,粉土路基的路面、坡面和坡脚都可能发生拉裂破坏。WANG等[6]、YUAN等[7]的研究表明,粉土在低频和高频荷载下分别呈现出“硬化”和“软化”2种不同的液化特征,在强震作用下极易液化。为保证路基的质量,一些学者从如何提高粉土压实性能的角度开展研究,提出可采取机械组合碾压、振动压实和冲击压实[8-10]等方法来控制粉土的压实度,安鸿飞等[11]认为仅用压实度来控制粉土的压实质量有一定不足,提出用含气率作为粉土压实质量控制的第二指标。也有一些研究人员采用固化改良的方法来提高粉土的工程性能。如,刘松玉等[12]将工业废弃木质素添加到粉土中并对其力学性能进行了测试,结果表明木质素改良后粉土的加州承载比(California bearing ratio,CBR)值和回弹弯沉值均有明显提高,木质素的最佳掺量在12%左右;刘铭杰等[13]以石灰和水泥为结合料开展了粉土改良试验,结果显示2种方法改良后的粉土均能达到高速公路路基填筑要求。刘璐璐[14]将再生聚酯纤维掺入到粉土中,对纤维加筋粉土的结构、强度特性进行研究并建立了纤维加筋粉土的本构关系;杨建琳等[15]则将废旧布料作为加筋材料,研究了布块加筋粉土的抗剪性能,认为废旧布料以块状层铺法植入路基中,可以提高局部荷载作用下路基的承载能力。张鹏等[16]、高海军等[17]研究了加筋土工格栅对粉土动力性能的影响,认为加筋能有效提高粉土的强度、限制路基的侧向位移。这些研究多从材料强度角度开展,对提高粉土路基的质量具有重要价值,但加筋后的粉土路基在地震荷载下的动响应规律与性能改善效果还缺乏应有研究。
濮卫高速滑卫段起点位于河南滑县留固镇东南,终点位于卫辉市司湾村东南卫辉北收费站处,路线全长59.034 km。该路段所在地区属于典型的平原区地形,地表土层为粉土和粉质砂层。根据GB 18306—2015《中国地震动参数区划图》[18],该区域的抗震设防烈度为Ⅶ度和Ⅷ度(对应设计基本地震加速度值为0.1、0.2 g),属于强震区。因项目周边无其他优质填料可用,路基只能以就地取得的粉土填筑,而粉土的动力性能较差,需通过合适的改良技术提高其抗震性能。多方探讨后,把加筋列为主要考虑的改良技术之一,但其处治效果还有待验证。为此,本文基于濮卫高速公路滑卫段粉土路基的实际条件,设计并制作了素粉土路基和土工格栅加筋粉土路基模型,通过振动台试验测试了地震荷载下2种结构路基的动响应和破坏特征,并在此基础上探讨了加筋对粉土路基抗震稳定性的影响和潜在破裂面的形成过程,为今后高地震烈度区域粉土路基的设计与分析提供了参考。
试验以濮卫高速公路滑卫段ZK45+660断面(图1)为原型,考虑到路基具有对称性,试验模型设计为半路堤式,见图2。模型由地基和路基两部分组成,并将路基部分从上到下依次设置了96%、94%、93%这3个压实度区,地基的压实度要求不低于90%。模型设计时以几何尺寸比CL、密度比Cρ、侧压力系数CK为基本物理量(由于模型外形与原型基本一致,取侧压力系数CK =1)[19],根据Bockingham π定理确定出各物理量之间的相似关系,见表1。试验分别设计了素粉土路基和加筋粉土路基2组模型,其中后者是在前者的基础上按筋(l)和路基高度(h)为0.8∶1.0的关系增设土工格栅获得,土工格栅的层数为4层、竖向间距为10 cm。
试验所用粉土取自濮卫高速公路施工现场,其物理力学参数和级配曲线分别见表2图3。筋材的实物图见图4。筋材的力学参数见表3
试验前制作了一个内部尺寸为1.6 m×1.7 m×0.8 m的剪切变形模型箱,见图5(a)。模型箱由一块加肋底板和若干叠放在一起的钢框架组成,每个框架的顶面均设有一组可自由滚动的钢珠、底面设有导向槽,允许模型箱在路基横断面方向自由滑动,以减小试验时模型箱的边界反射效应。同时,为了防止填料从框架之间的孔隙中漏出,模型箱内侧衬有一层橡胶垫。
试验模型采用质量控制法并以人工夯实的方式制作。模型制作时,按图2所示设计方案在指定位置埋设了加速度计和动土压力盒等监测元器件。监测元器件的参数见表4。制作好的素粉土路基模型与加筋粉土路基模型见图5
试验以汶川波为基本荷载波,通过振动台台座在模型箱底部施加水平分级地震荷载,控制地震荷载的加速度峰值(peak ground acceleration,PGA)从0.025 g开始,并按0.025 g的增量逐级增大地震荷载。正式加载前和每级荷载加载后,对模型施加时长为50 s的白噪声进行扫频,以便分析模型自振频率的变化情况。试验加载方案见表5。输入地震荷载的加速度时程曲线见图6
试验时,加速度计和动土压力盒的数据分别通过IMC CS-5008-N型和优泰uT8916FRS-DY型动态数据采集仪实时采集。每级荷载加载后对模型的外表面进行仔细观察,查看是否有裂缝出现,并对模型进行拍照、量测裂缝位置与宽度,绘制裂缝分布图。
每级荷载加载后对模型的外表面进行了仔细观察。地震荷载下素粉土路基的裂缝发展与分布见图7。素粉土路基模型的裂缝首次出现在加速度峰值PGA为0.250 g的荷载加载后,这些裂缝将模型顶面分割成3块(1#、2#、3#),见图7(a);随着荷载提高至0.275 g,裂缝开始扩展、加深,而且2#块出现了明显下沉,与1#、3#块间的差异沉降达8 mm,见图7(b);当荷载进一步增大到PGA为0.3 g后,3#块内部出现了一条新的裂缝,靠近路基中心线侧的部分土体出现碎块化并伴随严重的沉陷破坏,见图7(c)。试验后模型顶面和坡面的裂缝位置分布见图7(d)和(e):模型顶面存在4条宽度较大的主裂缝,其中裂缝Ⅰ、裂缝Ⅱ是由最初的2条裂纹发展而来的,并随着地震荷载的增加逐渐加深、加宽;裂缝Ⅲ、Ⅳ是在PGA为0.3 g的荷载加载过程中形成的,是模型急剧破坏的表现。从裂缝的发展方向上看,这4条裂缝基本上都是沿路基纵向发展,贯穿整个模型;模型的主要沉陷区和破碎区基本一致。模型坡面上也有2条裂缝Ⅴ、裂缝Ⅵ,其中裂缝Ⅴ是在加速度峰值PGA为0.25 g的荷载加载后出现,位置在93%压实度区内,该裂缝近似一条水平线;裂缝Ⅵ沿路基高度方向斜向发展,贯穿路基96%压实度区和94%压实度区,见图7(e)
按与素粉土路基相同的加载方案对加筋粉土路基进行了震动试验。当荷载加载到PGA为0.325 g后,加筋粉土路基的顶面与坡面均出现了一条细微的纵向裂缝;当荷载增大到PGA为0.35 g时,裂缝在沿路基长度方向上进一步发展并贯通。考虑到输入荷载已远高于依托工程抗震设防烈度所对应的加速度峰值(0.2 g),试验中止。加筋粉土路基模型的裂缝分布情况见图8。路基顶面的裂缝位于距路基中心线约1/3BB为模型顶面宽度)、距路肩边缘的距离为0.49H~0.65 HH为路基高度)处,裂缝宽度约为0.5 mm,走向沿路基纵向;路基边坡坡面上的裂缝位于0.35H处、93%压实度区内,裂缝宽度为0.1~0.2 mm,其走向也沿路基纵向。
由2个模型的破坏过程与结果对比可知,当荷载加载到PGA为0.35 g后,加筋粉土路基模型虽然也出现了裂缝,但模型仍保持有较好的完整性,且路面处未产生明显沉降。可见加筋后的粉土路基有良好的抗震性能,不仅可以满足工程设防需要,并在大震条件下也可以保证路基具有良好的完整性。
以输入荷载的加速度峰值为基准计算各测点的加速度放大倍数。不同峰值荷载下素粉土路基内加速度放大倍数在路基高度方向的分布曲线见图9。图中的ζ为相对高度,ζ=h/HH为路基高度,h为测点距路基底面的高度。可以看到,地震荷载下素粉土路基中2个测线处的加速度放大倍数均随地震荷载的增加而减小,相同荷载下则随路基高度的增加而非线性增大,同一高度下路基中心线侧与边坡侧加速度峰值的差值发展曲线见图9。由图可知,在4个高度处路基中心线侧的加速度峰值均大于边坡侧;在靠近模型底部位置(0.3H)的测点,差值始终较低且稳定;随着高度增加,路基中心线侧与边坡侧的加速度差值总体上呈增大趋势;但当地震荷载峰值加载到PGA为0.20~0.25 g、模型开始开裂、破坏时,各条曲线均出现了明显波动。可见,地震荷载下路基中心线侧土体动响应要大于边坡侧土体,并随荷载增加两者间的差异增大,表明地震荷载下模型内部土体单元的运动不一致,这必然会导致土体单元间出现剪切破坏。
不同荷载峰值下加筋粉土路基的加速度放大倍数分布曲线见图10。由图可知,加筋粉土路基中的加速度放大倍数分布规律与素粉土路基基本相同,但也有一些差别。当荷载峰值PGA为0.025 g时,5个测点间的加速度放大倍数增长率最大,曲线较平坦;当荷载峰值增大后,同一输入荷载下5个测点间的加速度放大倍数增长率减小,曲线变陡,且当从荷载PGA为0.050 g增加到PGA为0.275 g时,相应的分布曲线比较集中;当荷载进一步增加到0.300、0.325、0.350 g时,曲线的斜率进一步增大、曲线变平且趋于直线型。可见,地震荷载越大,模型在高度方向上的分布越接近。加筋粉土路基中心线侧与边坡侧加速度峰值的差值发展曲线见图10(c)。可以看到,除了在0.6H处,其他位置的加速度差值均接近于0,表明加筋后路基边坡侧和路基中心线侧具有相近的加速度响应。这充分说明加筋可以提高路基模型的整体刚度,缓解路基的变形。甚至在荷载强度达到素粉土路基承载极限PGA为0.250 g时,加筋粉土路基内外两侧的加速度峰值仍然非常接近。随着荷载进一步提高,路基边坡侧的加速度响应开始超过路基中心线侧,并且曲线波动程度显著提高,模型中心线侧的加速度响应与边坡侧的加速度响应差异逐渐增大。
再以素粉土路基的加速度响应为基准,计算2个模型相同位置的加速度峰值比值。0.025~0.250 g范围内2个模型加速度响应峰值的比值发展曲线见图11。由图11(a)可知,边坡侧4条曲线的数值基本上都大于1.0,表明加筋土路基的加速度峰值在整个加载过程均大于素粉土路基,而且越靠近模型顶部,2个模型边坡侧的加速度差值越大。而路基中心线侧的4条曲线更为紧凑一些,数值也是在1.0左右来回波动,表明在路基中心线侧2个模型的加速度响应比较接近,见图11(b)
素粉土路基内动土压力峰值的分布与发展曲线见图12。由于素粉土路基模型开裂破坏后,其内部动土压力测量值出现失真,因此图中素粉土路基的动土压力只有PGA小于0.25 g时的数据。模型内竖向动土压力峰值在高度方向上的分布曲线见图12(a)。分析可知,在地震荷载作用下,随测点高度的增加,竖向动土压力峰值均呈先减小后增大的“<”型,当荷载较小时(PGA小于0.2 g),路基顶部(P-1测点)的竖向动土压力最大,路基底部处(P-3)次之,中间最小;随着荷载进一步增大,路基底部的竖向动土压力快速增大,曲线的下半部分明显倾斜。模型内部竖向动土压力峰值在路基横断面方向上的分布曲线见图12(b)。由图可知,随地震加速度峰值PGA增大,各测点的动土压力值增加,测点间的差值增大,各级荷载下的最大动土压力峰值在P-4测点处取得;在路基横断面方向上(由内向外,由路基中心线侧向路基边坡侧)动土压力峰值呈“先增大后减小”的分布形态,且这一规律随输入荷载的增加而更明显。动土压力峰值随地震加速度峰值PGA增加的发展曲线见图12(c)。各测点的动土压力峰值均随地震加速度的增加而非线性增大。
不同荷载峰值下加筋粉土路基模型内竖向动土压力峰值的分布见图13,与图12对比可知,两者不管是在分布模式还是在发展趋势方面都有非常相似的规律。但加筋粉土路基内各测点的曲线始终保持比较紧凑的关系,这主要是由于加筋后路基具有更好的整体性,在地震荷载下土体单元间能保持比较协调的运动,而素粉土路基在动荷载下的整体性较差,不同测点间动土压力的变化也较大。
粉土具有抗剪强度低、颗粒间黏结性差、动荷载下易产生位移甚至液化的特点。这一特点在上述振动台试验中得到充分体现。随着地震荷载增加,素粉土路基模型产生裂缝并逐渐发育、扩展,随后路基顶面出现严重破碎、沉陷。而在粉土路基中加入多层筋材后,筋材不仅可以约束粉土的位移,提高粉土的强度和整体性,而且成层的筋材还可以发挥“骨架”作用,在裂缝出现时分担部分荷载,从而有效地提高土体的抗裂性能,抑制了裂缝的扩展,因此加筋后的粉土路基可以承受更大的地震荷载,不仅产生裂缝的时机更晚,而且裂缝更少、更细微,保证了路基路面在遭受地震荷载冲击后仍有很好的完整性,不仅可以达到工程结构“小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒”抗震设防要求,而且能够保证大震后路基性能的正常发挥。
将路基模型内部的动响应规律(图10图13)和模型裂缝分布(图8)结合起来,可获得地震荷载下加筋粉土路基的破坏过程,见图14。随着地震荷载增加,路基的动响应增大,但不同位置的加速度响应不同,地震荷载下路基上部的动响应大于下部、路基中心线侧的动响应大于边坡侧,这种差异将导致构成路基的土颗粒的加速度和速度都不一致,土颗粒之间出现拉应力和剪应力;当地震荷载增加到一定程度后,位于同一高度的土颗粒之间因加速度不同导致的拉应力和剪应力就可能超过土颗粒之间的抗拉抗剪强度而产生破坏;虽然加筋可以有效增加边坡侧土体的强度和整体性,但由于路基不同部位的压实不同,造成路基内部存在薄弱区(93%压实度区),从而裂缝首先在薄弱区(93%压实区)和加筋体的末端开始,见图14(a),并随地震荷载的持续与增加,裂缝将向上向下扩张,见图14(b),并最终从坡面和路基顶面溢出、贯通,形成完整的滑裂面,见图14(c)
结合上述滑裂面的发展过程与实测位置,可将滑裂面简化为圆弧,建立稳定性分析模型并采用条分法计算稳定性系数见图15。计算时,筋材的贡献通过作用滑体上的拉力体现;地震荷载可采用拟静力法处理,将其简化为作用于滑块重心上的水平力(Ehsi)和竖向力(Evsi),分别按(1)和式(2)[20]计算:
式中:AhAv分别为水平、竖向地震峰值加速度;Ci为抗震重要性修正系数,一般根据构筑物重要程度取0.8~1.7;Cz为综合影响系数,取0.25;Ψj为高度增大系数;Ehsi为作用于计算土体质心处的水平地震作用力;Evsi为作用于计算土体重心处的竖向地震作用力,Wi为第i个土条重力。
地震荷载下加筋粉土路基的稳定性系数可按式(3)进行计算:
式中:ciφi为第i个土条底部土体的黏聚力和内摩擦角;TGCj为第j层土工合成材料设计抗拉强度;Qi为第i个土条所受地震水平力;为第i个土条重心距滑弧圆心的垂直距离;yj为第j层土工合成材料距滑动弧圆心的垂直距离。
基于式(3),通过多次试算后可获得2个模型在不同地震荷载下的稳定性系数,见图16。随着地震荷载的增加,2种方案下路基的稳定性系数均呈下降趋势;但相同地震荷载下,加筋4层土工格栅后路基的稳定性系数均高于素粉土路基,稳定性系数的增幅为6%~9%,增幅随地震荷载的增加而减小;素粉土路基在地震荷载加速度峰值达到0.25 g时趋于极限状态,而加筋土路基在0.325 g时才接近极限状态,与试验结果有较好的吻合度。可见,在路基边坡侧加入土工格栅是提高粉土路抗震性能的有效措施。因此,在高抗震设防地区的路基建设中,若在路基边坡侧填料内铺设若干层高强土工格栅,将其设为加筋土结构,不仅可以提高地震荷载下路基的整体稳定性,还可以增强对路基中部土体的约束,避免路基产生沉陷破坏,为震后道路功能的正常发挥提供保障,但从破裂面的位置也可以看到,筋材长度不应小于0.65H,并还应有足够的锚固长度。
为提高粉土路基的抗震性能,本文通过振动台试验对比性地研究了素粉土路基和加筋粉土路基的动响应特性,得到以下主要结论:
1)素粉土路基在地震荷载加速度峰值加载到0.25 g后逐渐出现开裂、破碎和沉陷式破坏;在路基边坡侧加入4层土工格栅后,可有效提高粉土路基的抗震能力,且当地震荷载加速度峰值加载到0.35 g后模型虽也产生裂缝,但路基模型保持良好的完整性。
2)地震荷载下加筋粉土路基和素粉土路基具有基本相同的加速度响应规律,加速度放大倍数均随路基高度的增加而非线性增大;随地震荷载的增加,加速度放大倍数的增幅减小,且路基边坡侧的放大倍数较中心线侧大,但加筋粉土路基的差异要小一些。
3)地震荷载下2组模型的动土压力分布与发展规律基本相同,均在路基高度方向上呈“两边大,中间小”的形态,在沿路基横断面方向上表现为路基中心线侧的动土压力大于边坡侧。
4)加筋可以有效提高其影响区内粉土的强度和路基的整体性,但受路基结构影响,地震荷载下路基的潜在破裂面会在加筋体末端和低压实度区内形成。
5)依托工程采用素粉土填筑路基时可以满足工程抗震设防要求。但从试验结果看到,在高抗震设防地区若采用加筋对粉土路基进行处治,路基会有更好的抗震性能。实际工程应用时,筋材的长度不应小于0.65H,并还应有足够的锚固长度。
  • 湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ20357)
  • 湖南省教育厅重点科研项目(23A0368)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0412
  • 接收时间:2024-02-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-08-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-02-11
  • 修回日期:2024-04-14
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湖南省自然科学基金项目(2022JJ20357)
湖南省教育厅重点科研项目(23A0368)
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    1.湖南科技大学 土木工程学院,湖南 湘潭 411201
    2.中南大学 地球科学与信息物理学院,湖南 长沙 410012
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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