Article(id=1241791793218523140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791788986471392, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0315, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1711296000000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-25, revisedDate=1717171200000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-01, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773995834879, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1751212800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773995834879, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773995834879, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773995834879, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241791788986471392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='231', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773995833869, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996997624, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796670220993006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791788986471392, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796670220993007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791788986471392, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=168, endPage=179, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241791793474375696, articleId=1241791793218523140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Performance analysis of a new type of perforated cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling-restrained brace, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Aiming at the problems of random failure position, large amount of steel cutting and excessive welding length of traditional cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling-restrained brace ( CSBRB), a new type of perforated cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling-restrained brace (PCSBRB) is proposed in this paper. The structure and characteristics of PCSBRB are introduced, and the calculation equation of basic mechanical parameters is given. Six groups of PCSBRB models with different opening parameters and one group of CSBRB models are designed, and the quasi-static finite element analysis is carried out by ABAQUS software. The effects of the structural rationality of PCSBRB, the opening ratio and the number of openings on the mechanical properties, energy dissipation performance, stress distribution, high-order deformation characteristics, in-plane instability of the opening section and the equivalent cumulative plastic strain of PCSBRB are studied. The analysis results show that the structure of PCSBRB is reasonable, and the bearing capacity and energy dissipation performance are similar to those of CSBRB. The yield area of PCSBRB is located in the opening section, which has the advantages of fixed-point yield and multi-point energy dissipation. The hysteresis curves of PCSBRB with reasonable design is stable, full and symmetrical. For PSCBRB with too small opening rate, the stress is concentrated at the limit hole, and the purpose of fixed-point yielding cannot be achieved. For PCSBRB with too large opening rate, the opening section is prone to in-plane instability, resulting in a decrease in the bearing capacity of PCSBRB. The opening rate of PCSBRB should be 33%~50%. When the total length of the opening section is 1500 mm, the number of openings is set to 4~8, and the performance is similar. Compared with CSBRB, PCSBRB has higher material utilization and lower welding cost.

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针对传统十字芯钢管混凝土防屈曲耗能支撑(cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling-restrained brace,CSBRB)破坏位置随机、钢材切割量大以及焊接长度过大的问题。该文提出一种新型开孔十字芯钢管混凝土防屈曲耗能支撑(perforated cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling-restrained brace,PCSBRB)。介绍了PCSBRB的构造方式及特点、给出基本力学参数的计算公式。设计6组不同开孔参数的PCSBRB及1组CSBRB模型,采用ABAQUS软件对其进行拟静力有限元分析,研究PCSBRB的构造合理性、开孔率和开孔个数对PCSBRB力学性能、耗能性能、应力分布、高阶变形特征、开孔段面内失稳现象以及等效累积塑性应变的影响规律。研究结果表明:PCSBRB构造合理,承载能力、耗能性能与CSBRB相近,PCSBRB屈服区域均位于开孔段,具有定点屈服、多点同时耗能的优势;设计合理的PCSBRB滞回曲线稳定、饱满,对称性好;开孔率过小的PSCBRB,应力集中在限位孔处,无法达到“定点屈服”的目的,开孔率过大的PCSBRB,开孔段易发生面内失稳,导致PCSBRB的承载力下降,PCSBRB的开孔率宜取33%~50%;当开孔段总长为1500 mm时,开孔数量设置为4~8性能相近;相比CSBRB,PCSBRB材料利用率更高,焊接成本显著减少。

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周云(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构隔震与消能减震控制方面的研究。E-mail:
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庄紫绚(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事结构隔震与消能减震控制方面的研究。E-mail:

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Beijing: China Architecture and Construction Press, 2021. 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country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广州大学 土木与交通工程学院,广东 广州 510006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241802909130752126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Construction of PCSBRB and CSBRB, figureFileSmall=6LytiCVt0IkgOpOv7cwkHg==, figureFileBig=Barfw0RaAWAMNKRjdS5wIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802909227221130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PCSBRB与CSBRB的构造, figureFileSmall=6LytiCVt0IkgOpOv7cwkHg==, figureFileBig=Barfw0RaAWAMNKRjdS5wIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802909390799011, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Schematic diagram of PCSBRB calculation, figureFileSmall=3Mw6TdB0GKqvtzTn4cbk8A==, figureFileBig=wc2xsTt4JiPvRvaft9f+ZQ==, 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ArticleFig(id=1241802913840955873, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Specific parameters of PCSBRB

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号开孔数n开孔率/%开孔段非开孔段
ΣLy/mmAy/mm2ΣLt1/mmΣLt2/mmΣLt3/mmAt/mm2
PCSBRB1433150016004002001002336
PCSBRB2620150019204002001002336
PCSBRB3633150016004002001002336
PCSBRB4650150012004002001002336
PCSBRB5833150016004002001002336
PCSBRB667015007204002001002336
), ArticleFig(id=1241802913983562222, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

PCSBRB具体参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号开孔数n开孔率/%开孔段非开孔段
ΣLy/mmAy/mm2ΣLt1/mmΣLt2/mmΣLt3/mmAt/mm2
PCSBRB1433150016004002001002336
PCSBRB2620150019204002001002336
PCSBRB3633150016004002001002336
PCSBRB4650150012004002001002336
PCSBRB5833150016004002001002336
PCSBRB667015007204002001002336
), ArticleFig(id=1241802914155528700, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Specific parameters of CSBRB

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号屈服段连接段过渡段限位卡口
ΣLy/mmAy/mm2ΣLt1/mmAt1/mm2ΣLt2/mmAt2/mm2ΣLt3/mmAt3/mm2
CSBRB1500160036023362801944.84602240
), ArticleFig(id=1241802914268774917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

CSBRB具体参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号屈服段连接段过渡段限位卡口
ΣLy/mmAy/mm2ΣLt1/mmAt1/mm2ΣLt2/mmAt2/mm2ΣLt3/mmAt3/mm2
CSBRB1500160036023362801944.84602240
), ArticleFig(id=1241802914382021141, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mechanical parameters of BRBs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件初始刚度/(kN/mm)屈服力/kN屈服位移/mm试件初始刚度/(kN/mm)屈服力/kN屈服位移/mm
CSBRB163.19456.02.79PCSBRB4132.93342.02.57
PCSBRB1166.51456.02.74PCSBRB5166.51456.02.74
PCSBRB2190.58547.22.87PCSBRB686.45205.22.37
PCSBRB3166.51456.02.74
), ArticleFig(id=1241802914482684449, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

防屈曲耗能支撑力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件初始刚度/(kN/mm)屈服力/kN屈服位移/mm试件初始刚度/(kN/mm)屈服力/kN屈服位移/mm
CSBRB163.19456.02.79PCSBRB4132.93342.02.57
PCSBRB1166.51456.02.74PCSBRB5166.51456.02.74
PCSBRB2190.58547.22.87PCSBRB686.45205.22.37
PCSBRB3166.51456.02.74
), ArticleFig(id=1241802914574959151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Parameters of steel constitutive model

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型号σ0/MPaC1γ1C2γ2C3γ3Es/GPav
Q2352501000010012000320400010002060.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241802914675622458, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

钢材本构模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
型号σ0/MPaC1γ1C2γ2C3γ3Es/GPav
Q2352501000010012000320400010002060.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241802914830811721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Mechanical parameters of BRBs by finite element simulation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件屈服力/kN初始刚度/(kN/mm)屈服位移/mm屈服后刚度/(kN/mm)受拉极限荷载/kN受压极限荷载/kN拉压不均匀系数β
CSBRB1453.43(-0.56%)162.15(-0.64%)2.796(0.22%)12.43695.81-746.921.07
PCSBRB1452.69(-0.73%)161.56(-2.97%)2.802(2.26%)13.99693.94-785.921.13
PCSBRB2529.11(-3.31%)187.56(-1.58%)2.821(-1.71%)16.09822.72-921.291.12
PCSBRB3450.16(-1.28%)160.60(-3.55%)2.803(2.30%)14.96693.18-788.381.14
PCSBRB4318.50(-6.87%)125.00(-5.97%)2.548(-0.86%)10.85498.99-597.501.20
PCSBRB5451.29(-1.03%)160.60(-3.55%)2.810(2.55%)14.68691.58-801.601.16
PCSBRB6197.91(-3.55%)82.53(-4.53%)2.398(1.18%)4.87293.12-326.191.11
), ArticleFig(id=1241802914977612378, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

有限元模拟得出的防屈曲耗能支撑力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件屈服力/kN初始刚度/(kN/mm)屈服位移/mm屈服后刚度/(kN/mm)受拉极限荷载/kN受压极限荷载/kN拉压不均匀系数β
CSBRB1453.43(-0.56%)162.15(-0.64%)2.796(0.22%)12.43695.81-746.921.07
PCSBRB1452.69(-0.73%)161.56(-2.97%)2.802(2.26%)13.99693.94-785.921.13
PCSBRB2529.11(-3.31%)187.56(-1.58%)2.821(-1.71%)16.09822.72-921.291.12
PCSBRB3450.16(-1.28%)160.60(-3.55%)2.803(2.30%)14.96693.18-788.381.14
PCSBRB4318.50(-6.87%)125.00(-5.97%)2.548(-0.86%)10.85498.99-597.501.20
PCSBRB5451.29(-1.03%)160.60(-3.55%)2.810(2.55%)14.68691.58-801.601.16
PCSBRB6197.91(-3.55%)82.53(-4.53%)2.398(1.18%)4.87293.12-326.191.11
), ArticleFig(id=1241802915103441511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

PCSBRB critical load and compressive capacity under compression amplitude of 30 mm

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型名称(开孔率)临界荷载Fcr/kN受压承载力/kN模型名称(开孔率)临界荷载Fcr/kN受压承载力/kN
PCSBRB1(33%)825.65785.92PCSBRB4(50%)779.89597.50
PCSBRB2(20%)1277.76921.29PCSBRB5(33%)1651.30801.60
PCSBRB3(33%)1238.48788.38PCSBRB6(70%)235.84326.19
), ArticleFig(id=1241802915229270643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

压缩幅值30 mm下PCSBRB临界荷载Fcr与受压承载力

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型名称(开孔率)临界荷载Fcr/kN受压承载力/kN模型名称(开孔率)临界荷载Fcr/kN受压承载力/kN
PCSBRB1(33%)825.65785.92PCSBRB4(50%)779.89597.50
PCSBRB2(20%)1277.76921.29PCSBRB5(33%)1651.30801.60
PCSBRB3(33%)1238.48788.38PCSBRB6(70%)235.84326.19
), ArticleFig(id=1241802915468345991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of material and welding quantity of the core between CSBRB and PCSBRB3

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试件总量/cm3损耗量/cm3材料利用率/%焊接长度/mm
CSBRB52801312.075.152200
PCSBRB352801148.478.25900
), ArticleFig(id=1241802915610952342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793218523140, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

CSBRB与PCSBRB3材料与焊接对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件总量/cm3损耗量/cm3材料利用率/%焊接长度/mm
CSBRB52801312.075.152200
PCSBRB352801148.478.25900
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新型开孔十字芯钢管混凝土防屈曲耗能支撑性能分析研究
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庄紫绚 , 周云 , 曹邕生 , 林一煌
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(3): 168-179
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(3): 168-179
新型开孔十字芯钢管混凝土防屈曲耗能支撑性能分析研究
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庄紫绚 , 周云 , 曹邕生, 林一煌
作者信息
  • 广州大学 土木与交通工程学院,广东 广州 510006
  • 庄紫绚(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事结构隔震与消能减震控制方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

周云(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构隔震与消能减震控制方面的研究。E-mail:
Performance analysis of a new type of perforated cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling-restrained brace
Zixuan ZHUANG , Yun ZHOU , Yongsheng CAO, Yihuang LIN
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
出版时间: 2025-06-30 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0315
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针对传统十字芯钢管混凝土防屈曲耗能支撑(cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling-restrained brace,CSBRB)破坏位置随机、钢材切割量大以及焊接长度过大的问题。该文提出一种新型开孔十字芯钢管混凝土防屈曲耗能支撑(perforated cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling-restrained brace,PCSBRB)。介绍了PCSBRB的构造方式及特点、给出基本力学参数的计算公式。设计6组不同开孔参数的PCSBRB及1组CSBRB模型,采用ABAQUS软件对其进行拟静力有限元分析,研究PCSBRB的构造合理性、开孔率和开孔个数对PCSBRB力学性能、耗能性能、应力分布、高阶变形特征、开孔段面内失稳现象以及等效累积塑性应变的影响规律。研究结果表明:PCSBRB构造合理,承载能力、耗能性能与CSBRB相近,PCSBRB屈服区域均位于开孔段,具有定点屈服、多点同时耗能的优势;设计合理的PCSBRB滞回曲线稳定、饱满,对称性好;开孔率过小的PSCBRB,应力集中在限位孔处,无法达到“定点屈服”的目的,开孔率过大的PCSBRB,开孔段易发生面内失稳,导致PCSBRB的承载力下降,PCSBRB的开孔率宜取33%~50%;当开孔段总长为1500 mm时,开孔数量设置为4~8性能相近;相比CSBRB,PCSBRB材料利用率更高,焊接成本显著减少。

防屈曲耗能支撑  /  开孔  /  十字芯  /  钢管混凝土  /  开孔率  /  开孔个数

Aiming at the problems of random failure position, large amount of steel cutting and excessive welding length of traditional cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling-restrained brace ( CSBRB), a new type of perforated cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling-restrained brace (PCSBRB) is proposed in this paper. The structure and characteristics of PCSBRB are introduced, and the calculation equation of basic mechanical parameters is given. Six groups of PCSBRB models with different opening parameters and one group of CSBRB models are designed, and the quasi-static finite element analysis is carried out by ABAQUS software. The effects of the structural rationality of PCSBRB, the opening ratio and the number of openings on the mechanical properties, energy dissipation performance, stress distribution, high-order deformation characteristics, in-plane instability of the opening section and the equivalent cumulative plastic strain of PCSBRB are studied. The analysis results show that the structure of PCSBRB is reasonable, and the bearing capacity and energy dissipation performance are similar to those of CSBRB. The yield area of PCSBRB is located in the opening section, which has the advantages of fixed-point yield and multi-point energy dissipation. The hysteresis curves of PCSBRB with reasonable design is stable, full and symmetrical. For PSCBRB with too small opening rate, the stress is concentrated at the limit hole, and the purpose of fixed-point yielding cannot be achieved. For PCSBRB with too large opening rate, the opening section is prone to in-plane instability, resulting in a decrease in the bearing capacity of PCSBRB. The opening rate of PCSBRB should be 33%~50%. When the total length of the opening section is 1500 mm, the number of openings is set to 4~8, and the performance is similar. Compared with CSBRB, PCSBRB has higher material utilization and lower welding cost.

buckling restrained brace  /  perforated  /  cross-core  /  concrete-filled steel tube  /  rate of opening  /  number of openings
庄紫绚, 周云, 曹邕生, 林一煌. 新型开孔十字芯钢管混凝土防屈曲耗能支撑性能分析研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (3) : 168 -179 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0315
Zixuan ZHUANG, Yun ZHOU, Yongsheng CAO, Yihuang LIN. Performance analysis of a new type of perforated cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling-restrained brace[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (3) : 168 -179 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0315
防屈曲耗能支撑(buckling restrained braces,BRB)在受拉和受压时都可屈服而不屈曲,且能够和传统支撑一样为结构提供抗侧刚度,同时能够增加结构的耗能[1],是目前应用广泛的消能减震构件,在既有建筑和加固改造建筑中均得到广泛的应用。防屈曲耗能支撑根据核心单元截面形式,可分为一字型、十字型、圆形、矩形、H形、双矩形和双T形等,根据约束单元的不同,可分为钢筋混凝土防屈曲耗能支撑、钢管混凝土防屈曲耗能支撑和全钢装配式防屈曲耗能支撑[2-3]
核心单元为十字芯截面的防屈曲耗能支撑由于具有双轴对称的优点,2个方向均能抗弯,并且采用混凝土作为填充材料,造价便宜具有经济性,是目前最常见、应用最广泛的防屈曲耗能支撑[4]。近年来,常见的十字芯核心单元被设置成了两端截面大,中间截面小的狗骨形状,NAKAMURA等[5]对十字芯防屈曲支撑进行了足尺试验,推导出防屈曲支撑疲劳寿命的计算公式;BLACK等[6]对十字芯防屈曲支撑的整体稳定性、核心单元屈服段和核心单元外伸段的局部稳定性进行了研究;李国强等[7]研制了大吨位国产TJ-II型十字芯防屈曲支撑,其滞回性能、耗能能力以及低周疲劳性能甚至超过了美国规范的性能要求;高向宇等[8]以国产Q235热轧钢材研制了热轧等肢角钢屈曲约束支撑,其滞回曲线饱满,塑性性能好;ZHAO等[9]提出了一种端部加强核心不焊接的角钢十字芯防屈曲耗能支撑,结果表明芯内不焊接可以减小初始几何缺陷,提高核心单元的低周疲劳性能,具有稳定、可重复的循环性能;李晨阳等[10]在传统狗骨式十字芯防屈曲耗能支撑基础上,在已削弱的屈服段上开单排或双排孔,研究结果表明开双排孔效果更佳;LI等[11]提出一种变截面防屈曲耗能支撑,核心单元由一块一字芯板和多块短加劲板焊接形成,形成十字型和一字型交替出现的截面形式,具有更小的屈服位移。
传统狗骨式防屈曲耗能支撑存在以下问题:①为明显区分屈服段、过渡段以及连接段,传统十字芯防屈曲耗能支撑的核心单元多为狗骨式,需对钢材进行大量切割,产生切割损伤[12],核心单元构造复杂、浪费材料;②十字芯核心单元一般通过3块钢板或者2块角钢焊接形成,焊接过程中产生的大量高温热应力易使钢材产生较大的残余变形和残余应力,使钢材产生脆性影响核心单元的疲劳性能,导致核心单元过早发生疲劳断裂[13];③传统十字芯防屈曲耗能支撑的核心单元限位卡口、过渡段处有明显的截面突变,是应力集中常见的发生部位,核心单元容易在此处发生破坏[14],破坏位置的随机性,不利于防屈曲耗能支撑的设计。
为解决传统十字芯钢管混凝土防屈曲耗能支撑(cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling restrained brace,CSBRB)存在较大焊接残余应力、核心单元构造复杂导致钢材切割量大以及破坏位置随机的问题,本文基于周云等[15-19]提出的“局部削弱相当于其他部分加强”的防屈曲耗能支撑设计理念,提出一种核心单元开孔的十字芯钢管混凝土防屈曲耗能支撑(perforated cross-core concrete-filled steel tube buckling restrained brace,PCSBRB)[20],介绍其构造方式及特点,给出基本力学参数计算公式,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件研究PCSBRB的构造合理性以及开孔参数对PCSBRB性能的影响。
PCSBRB和CSBRB的构造形式均由核心单元、混凝土、无粘结材料和约束钢管组成见图1。核心单元承受轴向荷载,钢管混凝土提供抗侧刚度以约束核心单元受压时可能发生的屈曲。CSBRB的核心单元构造形式为狗骨式构造,屈服段、过渡段和连接段的截面突变较大。与CSBRB不同,PCSBRB的核心单元由1块开孔钢板以及2块相同孔肋钢板焊接形成十字开孔核心单元,取消CSBRB核心单元中部限位卡口的设计,采用限位孔中插入钢筋的方式对核心单元进行限位。
与CSBRB相比,通过改变核心单元的构造,PCSBRB具有以下优点:①通过对核心单元进行开孔设计,使得开孔处为核心单元最薄弱部位,能够首先进入屈服耗能状态,达到定点屈服的目的,并且对核心单元进行多点开孔,能够多点同时屈服耗能,提高效率;②通过对核心钢板进行开孔天然地形成了屈服段、过渡段与连接段,简化构造,根据“此强彼弱”的原则,相当于加强了端部,PCSBRB无需对端部进行另外加强;③开孔段内无需焊接,不仅节约焊材,而且焊接所带来的残余应力和残余变形不会发生在开孔段,因此不会影响BRB的疲劳性能;④可根据不同承载力设计要求在合理范围内调整开孔个数大小,设计灵活。
PCSBRB的初始刚度用K表示,由开孔段和非开孔段两部分的刚度串联组成,K根据式(1)进行计算:
式中:Kt为非开孔段刚度;Ky为开孔段的刚度。KtKy根据式(2)进行计算:
式中:E为核心单元钢材的弹性模量;AtAy分别为核心单元非开孔段、开孔直线段的横截面面积;ΣLt、ΣLy分别为核心单元非开孔段、开孔段的长度总和,非开孔段由连接段、过渡段以及中间过渡段组成,ΣLt = ΣLt1 + ΣLt2 + ΣLt3,见图2。图中Lt1为连接段长度,Lt2为过渡段长度,Lt3为中间过渡段长度。由于开孔段分为端部圆弧段和直线段,端部圆弧段的截面变化较小,对PCSBRB的初始刚度影响较小,因此假设开孔端部圆弧段的横截面积与开孔直线段的横截面积相同,这样不仅使结果偏安全而且简化了计算过程。
PCSBRB的屈服力Fy根据式(3)进行计算:
式中:fy为核心单元钢材的屈服应力;Ay为开孔直线段的横截面面积。
PCSBRB的屈服位移dy根据式(4)进行计算:
PCSBRB单个开孔段面内失稳临界荷载Fcr根据式(5)~式(7)进行计算:
式中:为细长压杆的失稳临界荷载;E′为核心单元钢材的有效弹性模量;I为压杆横截面的强轴惯性矩;k为考虑开孔段多波变形的影响因数,多波变形产生时,开孔段与约束单元进行接触,开孔段长度与宽度不同将影响核心单元的受力,对临界荷载有一定影响;Ly为单孔开孔长度;a为单孔开孔率;Fcr为单开孔段面内失稳临界荷载。由于非开孔段对开孔段两端有线位移和角位移的约束,因此将单开孔段的单边假设为两端固接的等截面细长压杆,式(5)中长度因素μ取0.5。
为研究PCSBRB的构造合理性以及不同设计参数(开孔率、开孔个数)对PCSBRB性能的影响规律,根据正交设计原则,本文设计了6组PCSBRB和1组CSBRB模型,总长度均为2 200 mm,除核心单元不同,其余组件均相同,无粘结层厚度取1 mm。6组PCSBRB模型具有相同的开孔段总长、非开孔段总长和非开孔截面面积,1组CSBRB模型的屈服段总长与PCSBRB的开孔段总长相同,连接段、过渡段以及限位卡口总长与PCSBRB的非开孔段总长相同。7组试件可以分成3组对照组,其中:
1)核心单元开孔与非开孔形成对照组1,该组组成试件为PCSBRB1、PCSBRB3、PCSBRB5和CSBRB,以上试件核心单元开孔直线段(屈服段)横截面面积相同。
2)核心单元开孔率不同形成对照组2,该组组成试件为PCSBRB2、PCSBRB3、PCSBRB4和PCSBRB6,其开孔率分别设置为20%、33%、50%和70%,以上试件核心单元开孔个数均设置为6个。
3)核心单元开孔个数不同形成对照组3,该组组成试件为PCSBRB1、PCSBRB3和PCSBRB5,其开孔个数分别设置为4、6、8个。
各模型的编号及构件尺寸见表1表2,各模型的初始刚度、屈服力以及屈服位移见表3
采用ABAQUS通用模块进行建模分析,所有模型均采用实体单元建立。核心单元的网格尺寸大约为13 mm,单元类型为C3D20R,在截面厚度方向上划分一层网格;约束钢管、盖板的网格尺寸大约为30 mm,单元类型为C3D8I,在截面厚度方向上划分一层网格;混凝土的网格尺寸大约为40 mm,单元类型为C3D8R。有限元模型的网格划分见图3
核心钢板、约束钢管和盖板均采用Q235钢材,本构关系采用随动等向强化模型,本构参数见表4;混凝土采用C30混凝土,本构关系采用混凝土损伤塑性(concrete damaged plasticity,CDP)模型,在该模型中,膨胀角参数为30°,偏心率为0.1,K系数为0.667。
混凝土与核心单元接触时原则上不会产生穿透行为,因此两者之间采用“硬”接触,允许接触后分离,切向采用库仑摩擦模型,考虑实际情况核心单元与混凝土之间有1.0 mm的无粘结材料,因此将摩擦系数设为0.1。由于混凝土与约束钢管之间有足够的黏结力,能够协同变形,所以两者之间采用Tie连接。
将端部截面耦合于中点,并在耦合点上加载,加载方式为一端固定,一端加载,见图4。加载制度根据T/CECS 817—2021《屈曲约束支撑应用技术规程》[21]对于防屈曲耗能支撑试验的要求,采用位移控制加载。即以1倍屈服位移(用符号Δy表示,为便于计算,取3 mm)为加载幅值增量进行增幅加载,即在Δy(3 mm)、2Δy(6 mm)、3Δy(9 mm)、⋯⋯、10Δy(30 mm,约为L/75)下往复加载1圈。
根据已有的传统十字芯防屈曲耗能支撑拟静力试验,对比CSBRB的试验与有限元分析结果见图5。有限元分析得出的滞回曲线与试验结果吻合良好,表明有限元模型建立准确,有限元分析结果可准确反映十字芯防屈曲耗能支撑的性能。
7组模型的滞回曲线图见图6。由图可知:
1)开孔与非开孔对照组中,PCSBRB1、PCSBRB3、PCSBRB5和CSBRB滞回曲线形状饱满,对称性、规律性好,具有良好的耗能性能。
2)开孔率对照组中,开孔率在20%~50%的PCSBRB2、PCSBRB3和PCSBRB4滞回曲线形状饱满,对称性、规律性好,具有良好的耗能性能,开孔率为70%的PCSBRB6在位移较大时下承载力和刚度有所下降,表明在开孔率合适范围内,采用核心开孔的PCSBRB方案可行、构造合理。
3)开孔个数对照组中,PCSBRB1、PCSBRB3和PCSBRB5的滞回曲线均形状饱满,对称性、规律性好,耗能性能相近。
通过连接滞回曲线中各个加载幅值下的PCSBRB、CSBRB所受到的最大承载力,可得到7组模型的骨架曲线,见图7。由图可知,PCSBRB与CSBRB的骨架曲线均具有明显的双线性特征,弹性阶段与屈服阶段之间具有明显的屈服拐点。随着开孔率的增大,弹性阶段中的斜率越小代表PCSBRB的初始刚度越小。
通过各个模型的滞回曲线与骨架曲线得出各个BRB的力学参数,具体数据见表5。由表可知,有限元分析得出的屈服位移、屈服力以及初始刚度,与理论推导公式所求得的相差不大,其中屈服位移最大差值为2.55%,屈服力最大差值为6.87%,初始刚度最大差值为5.97%。表明式(1)~式(4)中提到的主要力学参数计算方法是合理的。
拉压不均匀系数根据式(8)进行计算:
式中:Pmax为受压极限荷载:Tmax为受拉极限荷载。β反映支撑承载力不平衡的程度,β值越大,表明BRB的极限拉压承载力越不平衡。BRB拉压不平衡对使用BRB的结构而言是不利的,尤其是在采用V字形或人字形布置的结构中,其拉压不平衡力将由框架主梁承担,不利于主体结构的受力,且拉压不平衡也将给结构的计算与分析带来更多不便。由各组模型的拉压不均匀系数β可知:
1)在开孔与非开孔对照组中,PCSBRB1、PCSBRB3和PCSBRB5的β值分别为1.13、1.14和1.16,而CSBRB的β值为1.06,β值差值最大为9.4%,表明对核心单元进行多处开孔后,对BRB的拉压不均匀系数具有一定影响,会导致PCSBRB的拉压不均匀系数增大。
2)在开孔个数对照组中,PCSBRB的β值随着开孔个数的增多而增大,但β值差值最大为2.6%,开孔个数对β值影响较小。
3)在开孔率不同的对照组中,PCSBRB2、PCSBRB3和PCSBRB4的β值分别为1.12、1.14和1.20,β值差值最大为6.7%,表明当其他参数相同时β值随着开孔率的增大而增大。
4)虽然以上PCSBRB的β值对比CSBRB有一定增大,但都满足T/CECS 817—2021《屈曲约束支撑应用技术规程》[21]中所要求BRB的β值在1.30内。
等效黏滞阻尼系数ζ用于衡量BRB的耗能能力,ζ值越大,表明BRB试件的耗能能力越强。各个BRB在不同位移幅值下的等效黏滞阻尼系数ζ图8。由图可知,PCSBRB与CSBRB的等效黏滞阻尼系数相差不大,CSBRB的等效黏滞阻尼系数略高于PCSBRB的,但相差最大值为4.2%,在5%以内。表明PCSBRB的耗能能力与CSBRB的耗能能力相差不大。随着加载位移的增大,各模型的等效黏滞阻尼系数均增大。
PCSBRB与CSBRB在拉伸幅值为30 mm下的应力分布图见图9。由图可知:
1)在开孔与非开孔对照组中,CSBRB应力最大值为519.00 MPa,位于限位卡口突变处,具有明显的应力集中现象。PCSBRB1、PCSBRB3和PCSBRB5应力最大值分别为478.71、472.13、481.54 MPa,均位于开孔段内。
2)在开孔个数对照组中,PCSBRB1、PCSBRB3和PCSBRB5的应力最大差值为1.99%,表明当开孔率相同时,开孔个数不同对PCSBRB的应力最大值影响不大。
3)在开孔率对照组中,PCSBRB2、PCSBRB3、PCSBRB4和PCSBRB6应力最大值分别为485.01、472.13、488.23、498.10 MPa。PCSBRB3、PCSBRB4和PCSBRB6应力最大值均位于开孔段内,随着开孔率的增大,应力最大值也随之增大,连接段均处于弹性状态。PCSBRB2最大值位于限位孔处,表明当开孔率过小时,无法使核心单元形成明显的过渡段,导致应力集中在限位孔处产生,且连接段钢材发生屈服,因此表明核心单元的开孔率取值不宜过小。
PCSBRB与CSBRB在压缩幅值为30 mm下的高阶变形特征见图10。为方便观察,将变形缩放系数设置为10。由图10可知,在压缩幅值30 mm下:
1)在开孔与非开孔对照组中,CSBRB多波屈曲现象不明显,在屈服段内共产生4个变形波。PCSBRB1、PCSBRB3和PCSBRB5多波屈曲现象明显,且均集中于开孔段内,表明PCSBRB比CSBRB产生更高阶的屈曲形态。一方面,核心单元与约束单元的接触面积增多,产生较为明显的接触力和摩擦力,使约束单元参与部分受力,PCSBRB在受压时核心单元承受更大轴向受力,这也正是该对照组中PCSBRB对比CSBRB极限受压承载力增大的原因,导致PCSBRB的拉压不均匀系数较大;另一方面,反映出PCSBRB的变形能力比CSBRB的更强,核心单元产生的局部损伤更小。
2)在开孔个数对照组中,PCSBRB1、PCSBRB3和PCSBRB5在开孔段内产生的变形波有所不同。PCSBRB1核心单元全长共产生12个变形波,PCSBRB5靠近端部的开孔段内产生2个多波变形,中部开孔段产生1个变形波,核心单元全长共产生14个变形波。以上现象表明,开孔个数不同对PCSBRB的多波屈曲形态有一定影响,变形波的数量随着开孔数的增多而增多。
3)在开孔率对照组中,PCSBRB2、PCSBRB3、PCSBRB4和PCSBRB6的多波变形有效集中于开孔段,在单个开孔段内产生2个变形波,核心单元全长共产生12个变形波,表明当开孔个数相同时,开孔率不同对PCSBRB的多波屈曲形态的影响不大。
采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件对7组模型施加往复荷载,并根据时间增量步来显示分析结果动画,随着加载幅值的增大,核心单元发生面内屈曲失稳过程有两阶段,见图11。由图可知:
1)阶段1:核心单元开孔段进入屈服前,钢材的弹性模量较大,开孔段轴向刚度和开孔段平面内抗弯刚度较大,所以开孔段平面内挠度变形非常小。PCSBRB达到屈服力Fy后,开孔段钢材的弹性模量变为屈服后切线模量,开孔段刚度下降,开孔段失去约束平面内变形的能力,向孔外侧方向拱出,直至和外约束单元发生接触。
2)阶段2:开孔段中点发生大约-1 mm间隙的平面内挠度变形后,和外约束单元发生接触,随着荷载增加,与约束单元由点接触变成线接触。当荷载继续增加时,由于开孔段的孔外侧有外约束单元的限制,其变形只能朝孔内侧方向发生,荷载达到平面内屈曲临界力Fcr后,开孔段发生面内屈曲失稳,发生较大平面内变形,PCSBRB荷载随着平面内挠度变形增加而不断降低。
采用式(5)~式(7)计算PCSBRB在压缩幅值30 mm下的失稳临界荷载Fcr,并与各PCSBRB的受压承载力进行对比,计算结果见表6
某位移下,当PCSBRB所受压力小于等于其面内失稳临界荷载,此时开孔段平面内处于稳定状态;当所受压力大于其面内失稳临界荷载,此时开孔段平面内将发生局部失稳,开孔段将出现面内外侧拱出或面内内侧凹陷的现象。
表6可知,在压缩幅值30 mm下,PCSBRB6的临界荷载Fcr为235.84 kN小于其受压承载力326.19 kN,此时PCSBRB开孔段内已出现面内失稳。PCSBRB1~PCSBRB5其临界荷载均大于其受压承载力,表明其开孔段面内仍处于稳定状态。
为验证上述结论的准确性,将各PCSBRB的临界荷载计算结果与有限元分析结果进行对比,结合PCSBRB的滞回曲线(图6)、骨架曲线(图7)以及高阶变形特征(图10)分析可知,开孔率在20% ~50%的PCSBRB,历经完整加载制度下,其滞回曲线饱满,受压承载力随着加载幅值的增大而增大,开孔段平面内处于稳定状态;开孔率为70%的PCSBRB6,随着加载幅值的增大,其滞回曲线凹陷,受压承载力下降和刚度退化,在各个开孔段内均发生了面内失稳。其中,靠近端部的两端开孔段向内侧凹陷,其余开孔段向外侧突出。通过以上现象对比,表明通过采用式(5)~式(7)计算PCSBRB开孔段在某一位移下的临界荷载与受压承载力对比,判断某一位移下PCSBRB是否发生面内失稳的方法是可行的。
PCSBRB与CSBRB在历经一个完整加载制度下的等效累积塑性应变(简称PEEQ)分布图,见图12。由图可知:
1)开孔与非开孔对照组中,CSBRB的PEEQ最大值为0.52,位于限位卡口处,PCSBRB1、PCSBRB3和PCSBRB5的PEEQ最大值分别为0.39、0.37和0.42,均位于开孔段内,最大值均小于CSBRB,表明PCSBRB在开孔段处的累积损伤小于CSBRB在限位卡口处的累积损伤,PCSBRB能够充分利用钢材的延性。
2)在开孔个数的对照组中,PCSBRB1、PCSBRB3和PCSBRB5的PEEQ最大值相近,表明当开孔率相同时,开孔个数不同对PCSBRB的PEEQ最大值影响不大。
3)在开孔率对照组中,PCSBRB3(33%)、PCSBRB4(50%)和PCSBRB6(70%),PEEQ最大值分别为0.37、0.43和0.48,位于开孔段内,PCSBRB2(20%)PEEQ最大值为0.39,位于限位孔处,表明开孔率不宜过小。
由有限元分析结果可知,开孔率过小的PSCBRB,应力集中在限位孔处,无法实现“定点屈服”目的,开孔率过大的PCSBRB,在达到极限承载力前开孔段易发生面内失稳,导致BRB的承载力下降。
结合PCSBRB的材料利用率和非开孔段应力情况分析,当开孔率大于50%时,材料利用率过低,不经济,并且开孔率过大,易发生开孔段面内失稳;为满足PCSBRB达到极限承载力时,非开孔段仍保持弹性,应满足式(9):
式中:ω为钢材的强化系数,取1.5;η为钢材的超强系数;fy为钢材的屈服强度;Ay为屈服段截面积;At为非开孔段截面积。因此Ay/At = 1/1.5 = 0.667,开孔率最低为33%。
试件的开孔率宜在33%~50%范围内,可根据结构的抗震需求,确定PCSBRB的基本力学参数,具体可通过改变PCSBRB核心单元的截面积(板厚、板宽)实现。
相同设计参数的CSBRB和PCSBRB3的钢材用量与焊接量见表7。由表可知,制作一根CSBRB与PCSBRB3核心单元所需的钢材用量相同,但PCSBRB钢材切割损耗量更少,钢材利用率更高;CSBRB核心单元需全长通焊,PCSBRB3的核心单元仅在非开孔段需要焊接,焊接长度仅约为CSBRB的1/3,显著减少焊接成本,另外CSBRB两端连接段需要进行构造加强,而PCSBRB不需加强。
本文提出一种新型开孔十字芯钢管混凝土防屈曲耗能支撑(PCSBRB)。采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,对比PCSBRB与CSBRB的性能,对不同设计参数对PCSBRB的影响进行分析,研究不同开孔率、不同开孔个数对其力学性能、耗能性能、应力分布、高阶变形特征、开孔段面内失稳现象以及等效累积塑性应变的影响规律,得到如下结论:
1)设计合理的PCSBRB,其滞回曲线饱满对称,具有良好的滞回性能,开孔段面内稳定性良好和局部损伤低。通过对核心单元进行多处开孔削弱,达到“定点屈服”、“多点同时屈服耗能”目的,应力最大值均位于开孔段内,连接段钢材均处于弹性状态。
2)同位移幅值下,PCSBRB与CSBRB的等效黏滞阻尼系数差值在5%以内,表明PCSBRB具有良好的耗能性能。
3)同位移幅值下,PCSBRB比CSBRB产生更高阶的屈曲模态,一方面核心单元的变形能力更强,另一方面导致PCSBRB拉压不均匀系数β增大,但增加不大,均满足规范要求。当其他参数相同时,β值随着开孔率的增大而增大,随着开孔个数的增多而增大。
4)开孔率过小的PSCBRB,应力集中在限位孔处,无法达到“定点屈服”目的,并且非开孔段难以保持弹性,开孔率不应小于33%,开孔率过大的PCSBRB,材料利用率低,在达到极限承载力前开孔段易发生面内失稳,开孔率不应大于50%。
5)在开孔段总长为1500 mm的PCSBRB中,开孔数量设置在4~8个性能相近。
6)PCSBRB相比CSBRB钢材利用率更高,焊接成本显著减少。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51978184)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0315
  • 接收时间:2024-03-25
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-25
  • 修回日期:2024-06-01
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51978184)
作者信息
    广州大学 土木与交通工程学院,广东 广州 510006

通讯作者:

周云(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构隔震与消能减震控制方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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