Article(id=1241791689321419594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0219, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1715788800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-16, revisedDate=1725897600000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-10, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773995810108, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1745424000000, pubDateStr=2025-04-24, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773995810108, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773995810108, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773995810108, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241791680479822062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773995807999, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996976041, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796579670163949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796579670163950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=192, endPage=202, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241791689677935450, articleId=1241791689321419594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Parameter sensitivity analysis method for hybrid simulation with model updating based on correlation analysis, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Hybrid simulation with model updating utilizes the test data to identify the parameters of the experimental substructure and updates the model of the numerical substructure, effectively avoiding the errors induced by the inaccurate parameters of the numerical substructure in traditional hybrid simulation. To ensure the accuracy of parameter identification, the selected constitutive parameters must be observable and highly sensitive. The existing local parameter sensitivity analysis method belongs to qualitative analysis and cannot specifically and quantitatively evaluate the sensitivity of the parameters. Therefore a parameter sensitivity analysis method based on correlation analysis is put forward. This method quantitatively evaluates the parameter sensitivity of constitutive parameters by calculating the correlation coefficient between constitutive parameters and restoring force, and the calculation is simple. The parameter sensitivity analysis of concrete employing the Kent-Scott-Park constitutive model and the composite damper using the trilinear constitutive model is conducted respectively, and the results are compared with those obtained by the local parameter sensitivity analysis method. The results show that the higher sensitivity parameters selected by the two methods for the constitutive parameters of concrete are consistent, while the local parameter sensitivity analysis method is not suitable for the composite damper. The proposed method can determine the parameter sensitivity of the constitutive parameters of the composite damper. A six-story steel frame structure equipped with a composite damper was subjected to a hybrid simulation with model updating numerical simulation using different model update methods. The effects of parameter identification were compared and it was found that the constitutive parameters selected by the proposed method were easier to identify, and the hybrid simulation with model updating numerical simulation had higher accuracy and efficiency, which verified the correctness and effectiveness of the method.

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模型更新混合试验利用试验数据识别试验子结构的参数并更新数值子结构的模型,有效避免了传统混合试验数值子结构参数不准确带来的误差。为了保障参数识别的准确性,所选本构参数必须具备可观测性和较高敏感性。现有的局部参数敏感性分析方法属于定性分析,无法具体定量评估参数的敏感性。为此,提出了一种基于关联性分析的参数敏感性分析方法。该方法通过计算本构参数与恢复力之间的关联系数,定量评估本构参数的参数敏感性,计算简单。分别对使用Kent-Scott-Park本构模型的混凝土和三线性本构模型的复合型阻尼器进行参数敏感性分析,并与局部参数敏感性分析方法得到的结果进行对比。研究结果表明,对于混凝土的本构参数2种方法所选较高敏感性参数一致,而局部参数敏感性分析方法不适用于复合型阻尼器,所提方法可以确定复合型阻尼器本构参数的参数敏感性。使用不同的模型更新方式对一个6层钢框架结构配备复合型阻尼器进行模型更新混合试验数值仿真,比较参数识别的效果,发现通过所提方法选择的本构参数更易于识别,模型更新混合试验数值仿真的精度和效率更高,验证了方法的正确性和有效性。

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杨格(1990—),女,副教授,博士,主要从事混合试验研究。E-mail:
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陈谦(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事混合试验研究。E-mail:

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陈谦(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事混合试验研究。E-mail:

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Parameter sensitivity of concrete constitutive parameters

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混凝土本构参数敏感度排序
fcv0.60002
ε0v0.68331
εuv0.51467
K0.58643
S10.53266
S20.53285
S30.54134
), ArticleFig(id=1241802963463770193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791689321419594, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

混凝土本构参数敏感性

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混凝土本构参数敏感度排序
fcv0.60002
ε0v0.68331
εuv0.51467
K0.58643
S10.53266
S20.53285
S30.54134
), ArticleFig(id=1241802963535073364, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791689321419594, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sensitivity of damper constitutive parameters

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阻尼器本构参数敏感度排序
第1阶段屈服力Fy10.63074
第2阶段屈服力Fy20.69052
第1阶段屈服位移uy10.54577
第2阶段屈服位移uy20.63333
第1阶段刚度k10.55765
第2阶段刚度k20.78491
第3阶段刚度k30.55396
), ArticleFig(id=1241802963623153751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791689321419594, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

阻尼器本构参数敏感性

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阻尼器本构参数敏感度排序
第1阶段屈服力Fy10.63074
第2阶段屈服力Fy20.69052
第1阶段屈服位移uy10.54577
第2阶段屈服位移uy20.63333
第1阶段刚度k10.55765
第2阶段刚度k20.78491
第3阶段刚度k30.55396
), ArticleFig(id=1241802963719622750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791689321419594, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Results of two damper model updating methods

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参数模型更新方式1模型更新方式2
第1阶段屈服力/N第1阶段屈服位移/m第2阶段屈服力/N第2阶段屈服位移/m第3阶段刚度/(N/m)第1阶段屈服力/N第1阶段刚度/(N/m)第2阶段屈服力/N第2阶段刚度/(N/m)第3阶段刚度/(N/m)
初始值6e43e-310e49e-31.2e66e42e710e46.67e61.2e6
真实值7.07e44e-311.34e410.6e-31.29e67.07e41.7675e711.34e46.47e61.29e6
识别值7.3897e44.3054e-311.6142e412.9045e-31.2941e67.0637e41.7712e711.3446e46.4396e61.2915e6
误差/%4.527.642.4221.740.320.090.210.040.470.12
), ArticleFig(id=1241802963795120228, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791689321419594, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

阻尼器2种模型更新方式结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数模型更新方式1模型更新方式2
第1阶段屈服力/N第1阶段屈服位移/m第2阶段屈服力/N第2阶段屈服位移/m第3阶段刚度/(N/m)第1阶段屈服力/N第1阶段刚度/(N/m)第2阶段屈服力/N第2阶段刚度/(N/m)第3阶段刚度/(N/m)
初始值6e43e-310e49e-31.2e66e42e710e46.67e61.2e6
真实值7.07e44e-311.34e410.6e-31.29e67.07e41.7675e711.34e46.47e61.29e6
识别值7.3897e44.3054e-311.6142e412.9045e-31.2941e67.0637e41.7712e711.3446e46.4396e61.2915e6
误差/%4.527.642.4221.740.320.090.210.040.470.12
), ArticleFig(id=1241802963870617703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791689321419594, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Convergence time of damper constitutive parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数第1阶段屈服力第2阶段屈服力第3阶段刚度
模型更新方式1收敛时间8.457.308.10
模型更新方式2收敛时间6.36.306.70
差值2.151.001.40
), ArticleFig(id=1241802963962892396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791689321419594, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

阻尼器本构参数收敛时间

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数第1阶段屈服力第2阶段屈服力第3阶段刚度
模型更新方式1收敛时间8.457.308.10
模型更新方式2收敛时间6.36.306.70
差值2.151.001.40
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基于关联性分析的模型更新混合试验参数敏感性分析方法
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陈谦 1 , 杨格 1, 2 , 王尚长 1, 2 , 邓杨鹏 3, 4
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(2): 192-202
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(2): 192-202
基于关联性分析的模型更新混合试验参数敏感性分析方法
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陈谦1 , 杨格1, 2 , 王尚长1, 2, 邓杨鹏3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.武汉理工大学 土木工程与建筑学院,湖北 武汉 430000
  • 2.武汉理工大学 三亚科教创新园,海南 三亚 572000
  • 3.中建工程产业技术研究院有限公司,北京 101300
  • 4.中建工程试验检测(北京)有限公司,北京 101300
  • 陈谦(2000—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事混合试验研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

杨格(1990—),女,副教授,博士,主要从事混合试验研究。E-mail:
Parameter sensitivity analysis method for hybrid simulation with model updating based on correlation analysis
Qian CHEN1 , Ge YANG1, 2 , Shangzhang WANG1, 2, Yangpeng DENG3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
  • 2.Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya 572000, China
  • 3.China Construction Industrial Engineering and Technology Research Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
  • 4.China Construction Engineering Testing (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
出版时间: 2025-04-24 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0219
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模型更新混合试验利用试验数据识别试验子结构的参数并更新数值子结构的模型,有效避免了传统混合试验数值子结构参数不准确带来的误差。为了保障参数识别的准确性,所选本构参数必须具备可观测性和较高敏感性。现有的局部参数敏感性分析方法属于定性分析,无法具体定量评估参数的敏感性。为此,提出了一种基于关联性分析的参数敏感性分析方法。该方法通过计算本构参数与恢复力之间的关联系数,定量评估本构参数的参数敏感性,计算简单。分别对使用Kent-Scott-Park本构模型的混凝土和三线性本构模型的复合型阻尼器进行参数敏感性分析,并与局部参数敏感性分析方法得到的结果进行对比。研究结果表明,对于混凝土的本构参数2种方法所选较高敏感性参数一致,而局部参数敏感性分析方法不适用于复合型阻尼器,所提方法可以确定复合型阻尼器本构参数的参数敏感性。使用不同的模型更新方式对一个6层钢框架结构配备复合型阻尼器进行模型更新混合试验数值仿真,比较参数识别的效果,发现通过所提方法选择的本构参数更易于识别,模型更新混合试验数值仿真的精度和效率更高,验证了方法的正确性和有效性。

混合试验  /  参数识别  /  模型更新  /  关联性分析  /  敏感性分析

Hybrid simulation with model updating utilizes the test data to identify the parameters of the experimental substructure and updates the model of the numerical substructure, effectively avoiding the errors induced by the inaccurate parameters of the numerical substructure in traditional hybrid simulation. To ensure the accuracy of parameter identification, the selected constitutive parameters must be observable and highly sensitive. The existing local parameter sensitivity analysis method belongs to qualitative analysis and cannot specifically and quantitatively evaluate the sensitivity of the parameters. Therefore a parameter sensitivity analysis method based on correlation analysis is put forward. This method quantitatively evaluates the parameter sensitivity of constitutive parameters by calculating the correlation coefficient between constitutive parameters and restoring force, and the calculation is simple. The parameter sensitivity analysis of concrete employing the Kent-Scott-Park constitutive model and the composite damper using the trilinear constitutive model is conducted respectively, and the results are compared with those obtained by the local parameter sensitivity analysis method. The results show that the higher sensitivity parameters selected by the two methods for the constitutive parameters of concrete are consistent, while the local parameter sensitivity analysis method is not suitable for the composite damper. The proposed method can determine the parameter sensitivity of the constitutive parameters of the composite damper. A six-story steel frame structure equipped with a composite damper was subjected to a hybrid simulation with model updating numerical simulation using different model update methods. The effects of parameter identification were compared and it was found that the constitutive parameters selected by the proposed method were easier to identify, and the hybrid simulation with model updating numerical simulation had higher accuracy and efficiency, which verified the correctness and effectiveness of the method.

hybrid simulation  /  parameter identification  /  model updating  /  correlation analysis  /  sensitivity analysis
陈谦, 杨格, 王尚长, 邓杨鹏. 基于关联性分析的模型更新混合试验参数敏感性分析方法. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (2) : 192 -202 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0219
Qian CHEN, Ge YANG, Shangzhang WANG, Yangpeng DENG. Parameter sensitivity analysis method for hybrid simulation with model updating based on correlation analysis[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (2) : 192 -202 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0219
在结构工程领域,常用的抗震试验方法包括拟静力试验[1]、振动台试验[2]和混合试验[3]。其中,混合试验[4-5]将实际物理试验与计算机模拟相结合,能够只选择结构中力学特性较为复杂的构件或部分作为试件,并施加更符合实际情况的边界条件,从而获得全结构的动力性能。因此,混合试验方法在结构抗震性能研究领域得到了广泛应用[6]。然而,结构中往往存在多个性能未知的构件,受试验条件限制,通常只能选取部分构件进行物理试验,其余构件则采用数值模拟。这可能导致数值模型存在较大误差,从而影响混合试验的精度。为此,研究者们提出了模型更新混合试验方法。
相较于传统混合试验,模型更新混合试验引入了参数识别和模型更新的环节,可以利用试验数据在线识别试验子结构的本构参数,并将数值子结构的模型参数值同步更新为识别得到的参数值,从而有效避免因数值子结构参数不准确所带来的误差。YANG等[7]对桥梁结构进行了模型更新混合试验的数值模拟,通过与传统混合试验结果对比,发现模型更新混合试验可以提高试验精度。KWON等[8]对一个单层两跨框架进行了模型更新混合试验,建立了12个具有不同参数的识别模型,并为每个模型分配权重系数,通过试验数据识别这些系数,加权组合各模型的恢复力,从而获得原结构的恢复力。WU等[9]将模型更新方法应用于弹性系统,验证了该方法的有效性,同时提出了一种考虑界限约束的非线性模型在线参数识别问题的约束无迹卡尔曼滤波器算法。MEI等[10]采用无迹卡尔曼滤波器算法识别并更新混凝土的本构参数,并进行了钢筋混凝土桥墩的模型更新混合试验。WU等[11]提出了在线数值模拟混合试验方法,该方法通过参数识别算法在线识别本构参数并更新整体结构的数值模型,最后获得每个积分步的恢复力向量以求解运动方程,有效解决了混合试验中边界条件不完整的问题。王涛等[12]为解决模型更新算法因初始参数选择不当对模型参数识别精度的影响,提出了基于统计容积卡尔曼滤波器算法的模型更新混合试验方法。
在模型更新混合试验中,判断所选本构参数的可观测性及其对观测量变化的敏感程度是开展参数识别的前提条件,这可以通过参数敏感性分析[13]来实现。梅竹[14]在对混凝土本构参数识别过程中使用了局部参数敏感性分析方法,比较各参数变化对模型恢复力响应的影响,将变化幅度大的参数作为敏感参数,变化幅度不大的参数作为不敏感参数。根据参数敏感性分析的结果,剔除不敏感参数,只对敏感参数进行参数识别与模型更新。尽管这种方法操作简单,但属于定性分析,无法进行具体的定量评估。OU等[15]将模型更新算法集成到实时混合试验中,使用2个复杂程度不同的Bouc-Wen模型(经典Bouc-Wen模型和扩展Bouc-Wen模型)作为目标模型来验证该概念并评估其性能。在对2个Bouc-Wen模型进行参数识别的过程中,使用Sobol法[16]进行参数敏感性分析。根据分析结果,数值仿真时经典Bouc-Wen模型使用了全部6个参数,扩展Bouc-Wen模型使用了13个参数中敏感性排名前6的参数。陈再现等[17]同样基于Sobol法,提出了基于全局敏感性分析的模型更新混合试验方法。通过建立常见的钢框架和钢筋混凝土框架模型,推导出其本构参数作为更新对象,获得了各个参数在地震作用全过程中的全局灵敏度系数变化关系。虽然Sobol法可以定量评估参数的敏感性,但其需要大量的样本点,计算量较大。Morris法最早由MORRIS[18]于1991年提出,旨在克服局部参数敏感性分析方法的不足。随后,CAMPOLONGO等[19]对该方法进行了改进。Morris法基于一次变化法,通过微分逐个计算参数对模型输出的影响,并根据其敏感性的重要程度进行排序,能有效识别影响模型输出的关键参数。然而,对于复杂的非线性模型,评估结果可能不够准确。
为此,本文针对模型更新混合试验中如何选择待识别参数的问题,提出了一种基于关联性分析的参数敏感性分析方法。通过该方法对混凝土的本构参数进行参数敏感性分析,并与现有的局部参数敏感性分析结果进行对比,发现2种方法选出的高敏感性参数一致,验证了所提方法的正确性。以一个6层钢框架结构配备复合型阻尼器为研究对象,发现局部参数敏感性分析方法不适用于该研究对象。采用所提方法对复合型阻尼器的本构参数进行参数可观测性分析和参数敏感性分析,从而确定进行参数识别与模型更新的本构参数。通过选择不同的模型更新方式开展模型更新混合试验数值仿真,比较参数识别的效果,结果表明,通过所提方法选择的本构参数更易于识别,模型更新混合试验数值仿真的精度和效率更高,进一步验证了所提方法的正确性和有效性。
以一个6层钢框架结构配备复合型阻尼器为例,介绍模型更新混合试验方法,如图1所示。具体包括以下步骤:
1)模型建立:将整体结构划分为试验子结构和数值子结构。选择一个阻尼器作为试验子结构,其它阻尼器和结构主体作为数值子结构。初步估计选定阻尼器的本构参数,并作为参数的初始值,利用有限元软件(如OpenSees)建立包含其它相同阻尼器和结构主体的数值模型,作为数值子结构。
2)参数识别:根据不同的工况选择适当的地震波,采用时间积分方法逐步求解整体结构的运动平衡方程,计算每个积分步的位移命令。将当前步计算得到的位移命令发送给试验子结构进行加载,并通过传感器等装置实测得到试验子结构的恢复力和位移。利用实测的阻尼器恢复力和位移数据,通过参数识别方法识别阻尼器的本构参数。
3)模型更新:将数值子结构中的阻尼器本构参数更新为识别得到的参数值。将本步的位移命令作用于更新后的数值子结构模型,计算得到数值子结构的恢复力。
4)求解运动方程:将试验子结构的恢复力和数值子结构的恢复力根据整体结构的运动平衡方程进行组合,利用时间积分方法求解下一步的位移,循环进行直至试验完成。
5)性能评估:将参数识别的最后收敛值作为阻尼器的本构参数值,利用获得的整体结构响应来评估结构在地震作用下的动力响应。
在模型更新混合试验中,由于试验子结构的位移和恢复力容易测量得到,因此参数识别中一般以试验子结构全部或部分自由度上的恢复力作为观测量,试件的位移作为输入,识别试件的单元本构或材料本构参数。假设试件的恢复力时程为Fm×l的矩阵,m为选择的自由度个数,l为时间步数),将其作为观测量,待识别的本构参数为θn×1的向量,n为参数个数)。在给定的位移加载时程下,观测方程可表示为恢复力和参数之间的非线性关系,如式(1)所示:
式中:F= [F1F2,…Fm],Fm为试验子结构第m个自由度上的恢复力时程;θ={θ1θ2,…,θn}为本构参数向量。
分析参数敏感性的前提是参数具备可观测性。对于每个自由度上的观测量Fm,为了判断参数的可观测性,计算Jacobian矩阵:
Jacobian矩阵的每个元素是恢复力Fm中的某个分量对本构参数θ的某个分量的偏导数。将各个自由度上的观测量关于参数的Jacobian矩阵组合到一起,即
参数的可观测性可以通过矩阵J的秩来判断。如果矩阵J的秩等于参数个数,即rank(J)= n,则本构参数θ是唯一可观测的,可以通过观测结构恢复力F来唯一确定本构参数θ的值。如果Jacobian矩阵的秩小于参数个数,即rank(J)<n,则本构参数θ不是唯一可观测的,无法通过观测结构恢复力F来唯一确定本构参数θn的值。
这种参数可观测性分析方法要求能够观测到完整的结构响应时程,并以此来计算恢复力和构建Jacobian矩阵。以整个恢复力时程来计算Jacobian矩阵的计算量过大,因此可以根据参数个数来选取结构部分时间点上的值来进行计算,但需涵盖所需本构参数的影响范围。
基于关联性分析的敏感性分析方法具体包括以下步骤。
步骤1:每个参数在参考值的基础上进行一定比例的变化,这些参数在区间内的变化值为比较列X,计算变化后参数对应的s个自由度中每个自由度的恢复力时程F的方差,作为参考列Ys,列出X和一个自由度上Y的矩阵形式:
式中,矩阵的下标代表参数个数,上标代表区间内变化个数。
步骤2:由于上述各因素的数量级相差很大,物理意义也不一样,无法放在一起比较,这就需要对XY进行处理。数值变换的方式通常可以采用区间相对值化、均值化和归一化等方法,这里选择使用区间相对值化,则有:
其中,
用对比较列X区间相对值化的方法对参考列Y也进行区间相对值化,这样原序列就成为了无量纲序列,可以用来进行比较分析。
步骤3:计算差异序列矩阵Δ,先计算第n个本构参数关于s个自由度上的差异序列矩阵因素:
然后根据参数计算平方根得到第n个本构参数的差异序列矩阵因素:
计算差异矩阵是计算各比较点与参考点的距离,通过整体分析找出比较点与参考点的相关性。
步骤4:关联系数可以量化比较因素与参考因素的相关性,揭示本构参数与恢复力的内在联系和相互作用关系,在复杂的多参数系统中确定主要影响因素,为进一步研究提供依据。关联系数可用式(10)求得:
式中:ζ为分辨系数,ζ∈[0,1],一般情况下可取0.5。分辨系数作用是提高关联系数之间的差异显著性,分辩系数越大表示数据序列之间的区分度越高,即差异性越明显;分辨系数越小表示数据之间的相似性更高。
为了得到一个更为综合和方便比较的关联性度量,对多个关联系数进行综合加权得到关联度,以便更好地理解比较因素与参考因素之间的关联程度。第n个本构参数关于观测量的关联度可用式(11)求得:
关联度的本质是衡量本构参数对恢复力的相对贡献大小,而非本构参数对恢复力的具体贡献大小。关联度值可能受到数列处理方法的影响,但关联度的相对大小和顺序是相对稳定的。本构参数的关联度值越大,说明该本构参数对恢复力越敏感,反之,则越不敏感。
以高31.2 m的混凝土柱为研究对象,用OpenSees软件建立有限元模型,混凝土选择Kent-Scott-Park本构模型,如图2所示。本构方程为
式中:fcv为混凝土峰值应力;ε0v为混凝土峰值应变;εuv为混凝土极限应变;K为混凝土极限应力与峰值应力比例系数;根据文献[17],S1S2S3为约束混凝土与非约束混凝土控制参数,S1为混凝土箍筋屈服应力与峰值应力比例系数(参照Scott-Park模型),S2 = 3S1(Scott-Park模型建议取与S1相同的值,Mander模型建议取值5S1,文献[17]建议倍数取均值3S1),S3为0.75倍箍筋屈服应力(Scott-Park模型建议取值);ρs为混凝土构件体积配箍率。fcvε0vεuvKS1S2S3为本构参数,ρs为非本构参数。
由2.2节步骤1计算相应条件下整个时程内恢复力的方差,建立比较矩阵和参考矩阵:
由2.2节步骤2~步骤4对以上矩阵进行区间相对值化,计算差异序列矩阵,获得关联系数矩阵:
最终根据式(11)计算敏感度:A = [0.6000 0.6833 0.5146 0.5864 0.5326 0.5328 0.5413]T。因此参数敏感性排序是:ε0v >fcv >K>S3 >S2 >S1 >εuv。混凝土参数敏感性如表1所示。
现有的局部参数敏感性分析方法在本构模型参数相同的条件下,通过每次只改变一个混凝土本构参数值的方式比较各参数变化对模型恢复力响应的影响,将变化幅度较大的参数作为敏感参数,最终确定fcvε0vK为敏感参数,εuvS1S2S3为不敏感参数[14]。根据本文方法进行参数敏感性分析的结果表明,fcvε0vK为敏感性排序前3位的参数,εuvS1S2S3为敏感性排序后4位的参数,这与现有方法确定的敏感参数一致,同时还能定量确定各参数的敏感性排序,验证了所提方法的正确性。
原型结构为一个6层的钢框架结构[20],其中层间安装有阻尼器。取第1层的阻尼器作为试验子结构进行实时试验加载,6层框架以及除第1层阻尼器之外的其它阻尼器作为数值子结构进行数值仿真,试验过程中在线交互数据,进行模型更新混合试验,子结构划分如图3所示。
楼板采用刚性楼板假定。结构的地震输入分别采用峰值加速度为70、200、400 cm/s2的TH4TG075-SW地震波,开展小震、中震和大震3种工况的模型更新混合试验数值仿真,如图4所示。
阻尼器采用中建工程产业技术研究院有限公司研发的一种新式阻尼器。这种阻尼器将摩擦阻尼器和金属阻尼器相结合,形成了具有3个阶段耗能特性的高效结构控制装置,如图5所示。其本构模型具有多个本构参数,便于验证本文所提方法的正确性和有效性。小震工况下阻尼器在第1阶段耗能,此工况下可以识别到第1阶段刚度k1;中震工况下阻尼器在第2阶段耗能,此工况下可以识别到第1阶段刚度k1、第2阶段刚度k2、第1阶段屈服力Fy1和第1阶段屈服位移uy1;大震工况下阻尼器在第3阶段耗能,可以识别到第1阶段刚度k1、第2阶段刚度k2、第3阶段刚度k3、第1阶段屈服力Fy1、第2阶段屈服力Fy2、第1阶段屈服位移uy1和第2阶段屈服位移uy2。在小震工况和中震工况下,能够识别到的参数最终收敛结果与大震工况下同参数最终收敛结果非常接近,所以本文3.3节只给出大震工况下的参数识别结果和滞回曲线。震级决定是否能够识别到这个参数,对参数的识别结果没有影响。
对阻尼器的本构参数用现有的局部参数敏感性分析方法进行参数敏感性分析,在每个本构参数参考值的基础上,都进行±10%、±20%的变化,然后由OpenSees计算给出恢复力时程,参数敏感性分析结果如图6所示。由于局部参数敏感性分析方法是定性判断本构参数的敏感性,且从结果来看7个本构参数(第1阶段屈服力,第2阶段屈服力,第1阶段屈服位移,第2阶段屈服位移,第1阶段刚度,第2阶段刚度,第3阶段刚度)对恢复力都有较为显著的影响,所以无法判断哪些参数的敏感性更高。
基于关联性分析的参数敏感性分析方法可以通过计算本构参数与恢复力之间的关联系数定量判断每个参数的敏感性。以试验阻尼器的恢复力作为观测量,试件的位移作为输入,阻尼器中影响恢复力的各本构参数为主要参数。
求解结构恢复力与阻尼器本构参数的Jacobian矩阵。通过编辑MATLAB代码计算,得到Jacobian矩阵的秩为7,这与需要参数识别与模型更新的本构参数个数相同,即rank(J)= 7,证明了参数的唯一性,也就是参数的可观测性。
由2.2节步骤1计算相应条件下整个时程内恢复力的方差,建立比较矩阵和参考矩阵:
由2.2节步骤2~步骤4对以上矩阵进行区间相对值化,计算差异序列矩阵,获得关联系数矩阵:
最终根据式(11)计算敏感度:A = [0.6307 0.6905 0.5457 0.6333 0.5576 0.7849 0.5539]T。因此参数敏感性排序是:k2 >Fy2 >uy2 >Fy1 >k1 >k3 >uy1,阻尼器参数敏感性如表2所示。
以往复循环加载试验得到的阻尼器本构参数作为目标值,根据经验预设初始值,利用OpenSees软件分别建立试验子结构和数值子结构的有限元模型。观测量为恢复力,参数识别方法使用无迹卡尔曼滤波器(UKF),观测噪声方差为1%,进行模型更新混合试验的数值仿真。
选取进行参数识别的敏感性参数个数的依据是在能够得到完整本构曲线的前提下选择高敏感性参数。通过参数敏感性排序可以发现阻尼器同阶段耗能中的参数敏感性从高到低依次是刚度、屈服力、屈服位移,因此选择刚度和屈服力作为模型更新的参数更为合适。
为了验证所提方法的正确性和有效性,可以选择2种模型更新方式进行模型更新混合试验数值仿真,比较参数识别的效果。模型更新方式1是更新屈服力和屈服位移,有第1阶段屈服力Fy1、第1阶段屈服位移uy1、第2阶段屈服力Fy2、第2阶段屈服位移uy2和第3阶段刚度k3这5个参数;模型更新方式2是更新屈服力和刚度,有第1阶段刚度k1、第1阶段屈服力Fy1、第2阶段刚度k2、第2阶段屈服力Fy2和第3阶段刚度k3这5个参数。模型更新方式1结果如图7所示,模型更新方式2结果如图8所示。
表3为2种模型更新方式进行数值仿真的结果。由表可知,模型更新方式2参数的识别值更接近真实值。2种模型更新方式都有第1阶段屈服力Fy1、第2阶段屈服力Fy2、第3阶段刚度k3这3个参数,根据参数识别过程中本构参数的收敛时间来评估效率。表4为复合型阻尼器本构参数识别过程中参数收敛所用时间,可以看出模型更新方式2参数收敛更快,结合图7图8从参数识别结果和滞回曲线都可以看出模型更新方式2的精度和效率明显好于模型更新方式1,这表明通过本文提出的参数敏感性分析方法和参数可观测性分析方法所确定的目标参数是易于识别的,证明了方法的有效性。
通过开展参数敏感性分析和参数可观测性分析,能够有效地确定模型更新混合试验中易于识别的本构参数,为后续精准的参数识别和模型更新奠定基础。这有助于提高模型更新混合试验的整体精度和可靠性,加深对复杂结构动力响应特性的认知。同时避免更新参数敏感性低的参数,提高试验效率。
本文针对模型更新混合试验中如何选取待识别参数的问题,提出了一种基于关联性分析的参数敏感性分析方法。以一个6层钢框架结构配备复合型阻尼器为研究对象,开展了模型更新混合试验数值仿真,可以得出以下结论:
1)通过参数敏感性分析方法和参数可观测性分析方法评估参数的敏感性和可观测性,能够有效确定易于识别的本构参数。
2)通过选择不同的模型更新方式进行模型更新混合试验数值仿真,比较参数识别的效果,最终通过本文提出的参数分析方法所确定的目标参数的参数识别效果更好,验证了方法的正确性和有效性。
文中算例验证所用阻尼器有7个本构参数,后续研究可以用更多本构参数的构件验证方法的正确性和有效性。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52478202; 52008320)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0219
  • 接收时间:2024-05-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-04-24
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-16
  • 修回日期:2024-09-10
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52478202; 52008320)
作者信息
    1.武汉理工大学 土木工程与建筑学院,湖北 武汉 430000
    2.武汉理工大学 三亚科教创新园,海南 三亚 572000
    3.中建工程产业技术研究院有限公司,北京 101300
    4.中建工程试验检测(北京)有限公司,北京 101300

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杨格(1990—),女,副教授,博士,主要从事混合试验研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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