Article(id=1241791688138621328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0220, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1713456000000, receivedDateStr=2024-04-19, revisedDate=1720368000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773995809826, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1745424000000, pubDateStr=2025-04-24, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773995809826, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773995809826, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773995809826, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241791680479822062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773995807999, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996976041, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796579670163949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796579670163950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=203, endPage=212, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241791688469971362, articleId=1241791688138621328, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Shaking table test study of post-electrical equipment based on a new type of seismic isolation bearing, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The substation is the core link in the transmission and distribution of electricity. Post-electrical equipment holds an important position in substations. They are not only numerous but also diverse, and are very likely to be damage in earthquakes. This paper takes the 500 kV voltage transformer as the research object, installs a new type of steel wire rope seismic isolation bearing on it, and compares and analyzes the response characteristics of the prototype structure and the seismic isolation structure under seismic action through the seismic simulation shaker test. The test results show that the fundamental frequency of the isolation structure has been significantly reduced compared with the prototype structure, confirming the effectiveness of the new wire rope seismic isolation support in reducing the seismic response of post-electrical equipment. Meanwhile, the seismic isolation structure shows high isolation efficiency in reducing acceleration and stress response, but the isolation effect for displacement response is relatively limited. Under strong seismic effects, the seismic isolation structure can effectively reduce the acceleration and stress response of the equipment, which reduces the risk of breakage of porcelain insulators of transformers due to vibration. At the same time, the seismic isolation bearings will not have significantly reduced the top displacement response of the equipment. Therefore, in the subsequent improvement of the new wire rope seismic isolation support, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the various responses caused by seismic forces to ensure the overall safety of the equipment.

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变电站是连接输送与分配电力的核心环节,支柱类电气设备在变电站中占据重要地位,其数量众多,种类繁杂,在地震中极易受损。文中以500 kV电压互感器为研究对象,加装新型钢丝绳隔震支座,通过地震模拟振动台试验,对比分析原型结构与隔震结构在地震作用下的响应特征。研究结果表明,与原型结构相比,隔震结构的基频明显降低,证实了新型钢丝绳隔震支座在减小支柱类电气设备地震响应方面的有效性。同时,隔震结构在降低加速度和应力响应方面表现出较高的隔震率,但对于位移响应的隔震效果相对有限。在强震作用下,隔震结构能够有效降低设备的加速度和应力响应,从而降低了设备瓷质绝缘子因震动而断裂的风险。但隔震支座并未明显降低设备顶端位移响应。因此,后续改进新型钢丝绳隔震支座时,需综合考虑地震引起的各种响应,以确保设备的整体安全。

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李彬彬(1979—),男,正高级工程师,博士,主要从事电气设备防灾减灾方面的研究。E-mail:
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杨玟(1998—),女,博士研究生,主要从事电气设备减隔震的研究。E-mail:

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杨玟(1998—),女,博士研究生,主要从事电气设备减隔震的研究。E-mail:

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杨玟(1998—),女,博士研究生,主要从事电气设备减隔震的研究。E-mail:

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Experimental loading condition of the prototype structure and isolation structure

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工况激励名称单向输入峰值/g工况激励名称单向输入峰值/g
原型结构隔震结构XYZ原型结构隔震结构XYZ
114WN0.050.050.051023EICentro波0.400.400.20
215ElCentro波0.200.200.101124汶川波0.400.400.20
316汶川波0.200.200.101225人工波0.400.400.20
417人工波0.200.200.101326WN0.050.050.05
518WN0.050.050.0527人工波0.500.500.25
619ElCentro波0.300.300.1528人工波0.600.600.30
720汶川波0.300.300.1529人工波0.700.700.35
821人工波0.300.300.1530人工波0.800.800.40
922WN0.050.050.0531WN0.050.050.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241802957398807266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791688138621328, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

原型结构与隔震结构试验加载工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况激励名称单向输入峰值/g工况激励名称单向输入峰值/g
原型结构隔震结构XYZ原型结构隔震结构XYZ
114WN0.050.050.051023EICentro波0.400.400.20
215ElCentro波0.200.200.101124汶川波0.400.400.20
316汶川波0.200.200.101225人工波0.400.400.20
417人工波0.200.200.101326WN0.050.050.05
518WN0.050.050.0527人工波0.500.500.25
619ElCentro波0.300.300.1528人工波0.600.600.30
720汶川波0.300.300.1529人工波0.700.700.35
821人工波0.300.300.1530人工波0.800.800.40
922WN0.050.050.0531WN0.050.050.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241802957503664875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791688138621328, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Damping ratios of the two structures under different working conditions

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工况阻尼比平均值离散系数工况阻尼比平均值离散系数
10.0628140.1018
50.0617180.1009
0.06270.0382220.100920.10010.0218
90.0660260.0963
130.0604310.1008
), ArticleFig(id=1241802957621105394, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791688138621328, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同工况下2种结构阻尼比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
工况阻尼比平均值离散系数工况阻尼比平均值离散系数
10.0628140.1018
50.0617180.1009
0.06270.0382220.100920.10010.0218
90.0660260.0963
130.0604310.1008
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基于新型隔震支座的支柱类电气设备振动台试验研究
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杨玟 1 , 李彬彬 1, 2 , 苏三庆 1 , 王威 1 , 张拓 1 , 于新亮 1 , 李怀伟 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(2): 203-212
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(2): 203-212
基于新型隔震支座的支柱类电气设备振动台试验研究
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杨玟1 , 李彬彬1, 2 , 苏三庆1, 王威1, 张拓1, 于新亮1, 李怀伟1
作者信息
  • 1.西安建筑科技大学 土木工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
  • 2.西安建筑科技大学 结构工程与抗震教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710055
  • 杨玟(1998—),女,博士研究生,主要从事电气设备减隔震的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

李彬彬(1979—),男,正高级工程师,博士,主要从事电气设备防灾减灾方面的研究。E-mail:
Shaking table test study of post-electrical equipment based on a new type of seismic isolation bearing
Wen YANG1 , Binbin LI1, 2 , Sanqing SU1, Wei WANG1, Tuo ZHANG1, Xinliang YU1, Huaiwei LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Structural Engineering and Earthquake Resistance, Ministry of Education, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055, China
出版时间: 2025-04-24 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0220
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变电站是连接输送与分配电力的核心环节,支柱类电气设备在变电站中占据重要地位,其数量众多,种类繁杂,在地震中极易受损。文中以500 kV电压互感器为研究对象,加装新型钢丝绳隔震支座,通过地震模拟振动台试验,对比分析原型结构与隔震结构在地震作用下的响应特征。研究结果表明,与原型结构相比,隔震结构的基频明显降低,证实了新型钢丝绳隔震支座在减小支柱类电气设备地震响应方面的有效性。同时,隔震结构在降低加速度和应力响应方面表现出较高的隔震率,但对于位移响应的隔震效果相对有限。在强震作用下,隔震结构能够有效降低设备的加速度和应力响应,从而降低了设备瓷质绝缘子因震动而断裂的风险。但隔震支座并未明显降低设备顶端位移响应。因此,后续改进新型钢丝绳隔震支座时,需综合考虑地震引起的各种响应,以确保设备的整体安全。

电气设备  /  电压互感器  /  抗震性能  /  隔震支座  /  振动台试验

The substation is the core link in the transmission and distribution of electricity. Post-electrical equipment holds an important position in substations. They are not only numerous but also diverse, and are very likely to be damage in earthquakes. This paper takes the 500 kV voltage transformer as the research object, installs a new type of steel wire rope seismic isolation bearing on it, and compares and analyzes the response characteristics of the prototype structure and the seismic isolation structure under seismic action through the seismic simulation shaker test. The test results show that the fundamental frequency of the isolation structure has been significantly reduced compared with the prototype structure, confirming the effectiveness of the new wire rope seismic isolation support in reducing the seismic response of post-electrical equipment. Meanwhile, the seismic isolation structure shows high isolation efficiency in reducing acceleration and stress response, but the isolation effect for displacement response is relatively limited. Under strong seismic effects, the seismic isolation structure can effectively reduce the acceleration and stress response of the equipment, which reduces the risk of breakage of porcelain insulators of transformers due to vibration. At the same time, the seismic isolation bearings will not have significantly reduced the top displacement response of the equipment. Therefore, in the subsequent improvement of the new wire rope seismic isolation support, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the various responses caused by seismic forces to ensure the overall safety of the equipment.

electrical equipment  /  voltage transformer  /  seismic performance  /  isolation bearing  /  shaking table test
杨玟, 李彬彬, 苏三庆, 王威, 张拓, 于新亮, 李怀伟. 基于新型隔震支座的支柱类电气设备振动台试验研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (2) : 203 -212 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0220
Wen YANG, Binbin LI, Sanqing SU, Wei WANG, Tuo ZHANG, Xinliang YU, Huaiwei LI. Shaking table test study of post-electrical equipment based on a new type of seismic isolation bearing[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (2) : 203 -212 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0220
在电力系统的架构中,变电站承担着输电与配电的关键职能,其内部电力设备的稳定运作对整个电力系统的可靠性保障起着举足轻重的作用[1-3]。我国地理位置特殊,处于环太平洋地震带与欧亚地震带的交界地带,频繁遭受地震灾害的威胁[4],这使得电力系统内的关键组件,诸如电压互感器等,极易遭受地震破坏。一旦这些关键设备在地震中遭受破坏,可能会引发电力系统的全面故障,进而危及生命线系统的正常运行。因此,提升对变电站内电力设备在地震等自然灾害环境下的安全评估水平,并增设相应的防护措施,对于维护我国电力系统的持续稳定运行具有极其重要的意义[5-7]
电压互感器作为电力系统中的关键设备,通常由底部支撑框架和执行电气功能的组件构成,其设计呈现出纤细的悬臂形态。这种结构在地震作用下,自振频率与地震卓越频率相近,容易发生共振或类似共振现象,可能导致结构损伤甚至破坏[8]。支柱类电气设备主体多以陶瓷等脆性材料为主,这种材料抗弯能力有限,地震作用产生的弯矩可能引起绝缘子套管等关键部位断裂[9]或陶瓷套管与法兰连接部位开裂[10]。研究表明,在地震动峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration,PGA)为0.6 g的地震作用下,电器可能发生损伤[11],选择玻璃纤维增强聚合物作为绝缘子的材料[12],可以显著提升支柱类电气设备的抗震能力。但随着多重灾害频发,电力基础设施的抗震标准也相应提高[13],与建筑结构相似[14-15],在结构中部或底部安装减隔震系统可以有效提高电气设备的抗震性能,有效延长设备的自振周期,减少地震引起的共振效应,从而提高设备的稳定性和安全性[14-16]。通过试验与有限元相结合的方法,获得支柱类电气设备的理论与试验数据[17-18],通过线弹性分析,研究瓷质电气设备的地震响应[19]。互感器隔震措施的有效性多使用振动台试验来进行评估[20-21],LIU等[22]通过螺栓固定式隔离器优化瓷质电气设备连接,并通过振动台试验验证了其提升稳定性的效果。将金属阻尼器与钢丝绳阻尼器安装在互感器底部[23-24]或将多调谐质量阻尼器[25]安装在互感器顶部,通过优化减震器参数可有效提升互感器等设备的抗震性能。
现有的隔震方式多局限于小型或特定类型的设备,无法适应大型或新型支柱类电气设备。因此,本文提出新型钢丝绳隔震支座可针对不同设备型号和规格的需求灵活组合阻尼器,便于改造正在使用中的变电站,有效提升各类设备的抗震能力。同时,钢丝绳阻尼器能够在长期循环荷载作用下保持性能不衰减,在改造过程中能够最大限度地降低运行和维护成本,为电力系统的安全性和可靠性提供了坚实的保障。本文针对质量较大型支柱类电气设备中的电压互感器进行隔震优化,通过整合钢丝绳阻尼器来构建一种新型钢丝绳隔震支座,将该系统安装于电压互感器基座底部。通过对比分析原型结构与隔震结构在振动台上的测试表现,评估了在各种地震波影响下新型钢丝绳隔震支座的减震效能。此外,还对在强震激励下隔震结构的动态行为特征进行了详尽的探讨。
变电站内包含多种支柱类电气设备[8],而互感器则是其中最具代表性的设备之一,电压互感器设备如图1所示。特别地,TYD500/V3-0.005H型电容式电压互感器因其广泛的适用性和对不同电压等级及电网条件的适应性,在电力系统中得到了广泛的应用。因此,本文选择TYD500/V3-0.005H型电容式电压互感器作为研究对象,为支柱类电气设备的抗震提供实证与参考。电压互感器主要由基座和3节瓷质套管组成,单节瓷质套管高2.4 m,总高度9.7 m,总重量1283 kg。为确保隔震前后试验结果具有可比性,因此选择同一台互感器设备进行试验,并考虑结构试验前后基频的变化以确保试验的准确性。在进行原型结构试验和隔震试验时,均通过螺栓将原型结构和隔震支座安装在振动台台面上,隔震支座安装于原型结构与振动台台面之间。原型结构与隔震结构试验示意图如图2所示。
隔震支座的核心组件是钢丝绳阻尼器,它由2根不锈钢丝缆绳交错缠绕并固定在不锈钢棒的预留孔中,这种设计使得在地震荷载作用下,钢丝之间的滑移摩擦能够有效地消耗能量,从而减少地震对结构的影响。设计方法参考了石高扬等[8]和ALESSANDRI等[26]的研究成果,并针对实际应用场景进行了优化,通过螺栓将多个钢丝绳阻尼器固定在两块底板之间形成了隔震系统。在性能目标方面,选择了150 cm ×150 cm × 1 cm的Q235钢板作为隔震支座底板,并选用了型号为ZL81895,尺寸为21 cm × 12 cm × 10 cm、竖向最大静态荷载为2.3 kN的钢丝绳阻尼器。根据互感器总重量和阻尼器的承载能力,计算出所需阻尼器的数量;根据互感器底部尺寸尽可能选取尺寸较小的钢板,同时确保阻尼器的对称布置,以此来维持结构的稳定性和均匀受力。阻尼器布置方式如图2(c)所示。
新型钢丝绳隔震支座总高度约为0.1 m,原型结构总高度为9.7 m,因此忽略高度差对试验的影响,2次试验采用相同的测点布置方案。为研究互感器结构的动力特性,测试结构关键部位的加速度、位移和应力(加速度传感器选用PCB压电式加速度计,量程范围为±100 g;位移传感器选用磁致位移计,量程范围为±1000 mm)。振动台试验中传感器和应变片的配置如图3所示。加速度计(红色矩形)和位移计(黄色矩形)分别沿XYZ方向布置,加速度计安装在振动台台面,钢丝绳隔震支座顶板,互感器基座顶部,下层、中层绝缘子的顶部和均压环顶部,共18个;位移计安装在振动台台面,互感器基座顶部和均压环顶部,共9个;应变计(蓝色矩形区域)安装在每层瓷质套管根部4个方向(图3中应变计S4、S8、S12被遮蔽),共12个。
原型结构与隔震结构试验工况具体如表1所示。根据GB 50260—2013《电力设施抗震设计规范》[27]的要求,选取3组Ⅱ类场地下的地震波进行评估分析,包括El Centro波、汶川2组天然地震波以及1组人工地震波以评估设备在地震作用下的响应。人工波使用GM_Tools软件并根据设计反应谱拟合而成,时程总持续时间为30 s,其中强震动部分为12 s,满足规范中的要求。归一化时程曲线如图4(a)所示,3组地震波的反应谱以及这3组的平均反应谱与标准反应谱如图4(b)所示。通过对白噪声信号的输入,在地震波激励前、后对结构进行了动力特性测试,以此来监测结构状态的变化,并且评估和判定结构可能出现的损伤。根据GB 50260—2013《电力设施抗震设计规范》[27]的规定,在进行电力设施的抗震设计时,应考虑到地震作用下的最大竖向加速度。规范中指出,地面运动的最大竖向加速度应设定为最大水平向加速度的65%。对于互感器结构在X方向和Y方向具有相似结构的设备,应采用更为全面的地震输入分析。因此对原型结构与隔震结构分别进行三向地震输入,各向加速度输入比值为1∶1∶0.65。
地震激励前后均进行白噪声输入,得到结构的频响函数曲线如图5所示。计算2种结构不同工况下结构阻尼比,结果如表2所示。分析比较原型结构在受到地震波作用前后的频响函数曲线,结果显示原型结构在未受到地震波冲击前的基频为2.05 Hz。原型结构在受到PGA为0.4 g地震波作用后,其基频降至1.95 Hz,且结构未见明显损伤,与震前相比结构基频降幅为4.87%。这一变化表明原型结构能够承受0.4 g的地震波冲击而不发生严重破坏,并且能够恢复至其原始状态,进一步证明了选用同一互感器进行试验的合理性。当隔震结构遭受0.8 g的地震波作用时,基频保持不变,表明结构没有发生损伤,展现了良好的抗震性能和结构完整性。通过对比原型结构与隔震结构的频响函数曲线,可以观察到隔震结构的基频仅为0.59 Hz,与原型结构相比,基频降低了71.22%,隔震结构的整体刚度有了显著的降低,结构的自振频率大幅降低,较好的避开了地震的卓越周期。由表2可知,原型结构与隔震结构阻尼比相差约1.6倍,隔震支座大幅提高结构阻尼比,受到地震荷载冲击时能量耗散能力加强,因此结构抗震性能得到提升。
在PGA为0.4 g的人工地震波激励下,不同结构的底层绝缘子根部应力响应如图6所示。由图可知,原型结构的应力响应中存在多个显著的峰值,且这些应力波动的持续时间相对较长。与之相比,隔震结构的应力响应则显得较为平稳,没有出现明显的峰值,但表现出一致的应力波动持续时间。在时间点t =25 s时,原型结构经历了首次应力波峰的冲击,而隔震结构在此之前并未显示出明显的应力响应。
在不同PGA的地震波作用下,各层绝缘子根部的应力峰值如图7所示。结果表明,底层、中层和顶层绝缘子根部的应力响应隔震率分别为75.98%、79.25%、73.25%。隔震结构中设备表现出的应力均相对较小,说明新型钢丝绳隔震支座在地震作用下展现了稳定且有效的减震性能。
在PGA为0.4 g的人工地震波激励下,2种结构的互感器顶部X方向加速度响应曲线如图8所示。根据试验结果,可以明显看到隔震结构顶部的加速度值普遍低于原型结构。隔震结构对地震动的加速度响应延迟约5 s,并且加速度响应消退也比原型结构更早。2种结构的基频与地震动反应谱的比值定义为α所得到的曲线如图9所示。加速度放大系数定义为结构测点与台面加速度峰值的比值。当结构的基频与所遇到的地震动主导频率相接近时,即比值接近1时,结构可能会经历共振现象,导致振幅显著增加进而对结构安全性造成威胁。由图9可知,原型结构与地震动反应谱峰值频率有重合部分,且整体与反应谱峰值频率较为接近。这是因为当结构的自然频率与地震动的某一峰值频率接近时,结构可能会经历共振现象,导致结构响应的振幅显著增加。这种共振效应会导致结构内部的加速度放大,即相对于地面加速度,结构顶部的加速度会更大。通过设置新型钢丝绳隔震支座减少了地震的能量输入,避免结构基频与地震动峰值过于接近,提高了结构的抗震能力。
2种结构在不同PGA的激励下,各测点加速度放大系数如图10所示。由图可知,2种结构在不同PGA的激励下,各测点的加速度放大系数呈现出显著的变化趋势。对于原型结构,在不同地震波作用下,测得的加速度放大系数与结构的高度成正比关系。这意味着随着结构高度的增加,顶部测点的加速度响应相对于底部会明显的放大。另一方面,隔震结构在不同地震波激励下的加速度放大系数与高度的关系总体上呈现出负相关性。这表明在隔震结构中,随着高度的升高,加速度响应相对底部会减小。基座由金属外壳和电气元器件组成,内部填充有绝缘油,这样的设计使得基座具有较高的刚度。基座刚度的变化可能会影响到整个结构的动态响应,尤其是在受到外部激励时。与原型结构相比,隔震结构在测点A1增加了钢丝绳隔震支座,该支座刚度较低,因此在测点A2引发了加速度放大系数的明显转折。然而,在原型结构中,这一转折现象并不显著。均压环的作用是在互感器的顶部提供均匀的电场分布,它可以被视为附加在结构顶部的质量。随着结构顶部质量的增加,这会导致在测点A5处加速度放大系数的显著增加。因此,在测点A2与测点A5处观察到了加速度放大系数的突变。在不同PGA的人工地震波激励下,结构顶端加速度隔震率分别为62.88%(PGA为0.2 g)、62.81%(PGA为0.2 g)、64.44%(PGA为0.2 g)。总体来看,隔震结构在不同地震波激励下的加速度放大系数普遍低于原型结构。值得注意的是,在PGA为0.2 g的人工波激励下,隔震结构测点A2的加速度放大系数是一个例外,其值大于1.0。即在不同激励条件下,隔震结构的绝大多数测点的加速度响应低于地面加速度,证明了该隔震支座在减轻结构加速度响应的优势。
位移传感器所采集的数据是基于地面参考点来确定的。通过对比结构各个测点位移与振动台台面位移的差值,可以计算出结构在不同地震波作用下相对于振动台台面的相对位移。在PGA为0.4 g人工地震波作用下,测点D2的绝对位移响应时程曲线与相对位移响应时程曲线如图11所示。位移隔震率定义为原型和隔震结构位移最大值的差值与原型结构位移最大值的比。原型结构在X方向和Z方向的绝对位移最大值为118.0、34.1 mm;而隔震结构的分别为91.2、30.1 mm,隔震率分别为22.71%、11.73%。原型结构在X方向和Z方向的相对位移最大值分别为142.9、27.1 mm;隔震结构分别为78.6、2.8 mm,隔震率分别为45.01%、89.70%。隔震结构在Z方向的相对位移显著减小,同时隔震结构的位移反应均滞后于原型结构。由图11(a)可知,与原型结构相比,隔震结构X方向相对位移曲线较为平缓,有效地减少了曲线上的峰值点,使得设备在受到地震冲击时更为稳定;由图11(b)可知,隔震结构在Z方向的相对位移响应显著减小,同时隔震结构的2个方向的相对位移响应均滞后于原型结构。
绘制不同PGA下的相对位移峰值包络图,如图12所示。由图可知,在X方向上,无论是原型结构还是隔震结构,相对位移包络曲线形状基本相同,并且在结构的最高点出现相对位移的峰值;在Z方向上,隔震结构的相对位移在测点D1处出现了拐点,并在结构中部高度位置达到最大位移值。设备结构在受到地震冲击时,在水平方向产生位移,如图13所示。设备发生整体平动和转动,整体转动角度为θ,其中D为设备顶端(测点D2)的相对位移,d为设备底部(测点D1)的相对位移,h取结构高度9.7 m。计算结构在受到PGA为0.4 g的人工波作用下,2种结构的转动角度θ时程曲线如图14所示。由图可知,隔震结构转动角度峰值为9.3大于原型结构转动角度峰值7.3。且与原型结构相比,隔震结构曲线变化较为剧烈。
在PGA为0.4 g的地震作用下,隔震结构的加速度和应力响应相对较小。其中,绝缘子的最大应力为5.2 MPa,远低于其破坏阈值。鉴于此,为了更全面地评估强震对隔震结构的影响,将地震波的PGA提升至0.8 g,以考察更高强度地震对结构性能的潜在影响并确定隔震结构的安全裕度,确保其在极端地震事件中的稳定性和功能性。以PGA增量为0.1 g的人工波作为输入,隔震结构各测点加速度放大系数,各测点应力和测点D5相对位移如图15所示。
图15(a)可知,随着PGA的提升,隔震结构中各层绝缘子底部的最大应力也呈现出上升趋势。在PGA为0.8 g的人工地震波作用下,隔震结构自下而上各层绝缘子根部的最大应力分别为6.2、3.2、1.4 MPa。通常情况下,互感器受损的主要原因是瓷质绝缘子的断裂,瓷质绝缘子套管能够承受的最大破坏应力为60.0 MPa。在本次测试中,即使PGA为0.8 g地震波作用下,测得绝缘子的最大应力值为6.2 MPa,安全系数为9.68,远大于规范中所规定的数值1.67。因此,新型钢丝绳隔震支座可以有效降低设备应力响应,避免设备因地震引起的绝缘子断裂。
由据图15(b)可知,隔震结构在不同PGA的影响下,各测点的加速度放大系数呈现出相似的变化趋势。在测点A1和测点A5处,钢丝绳支座与均压环部位刚度发生变化,导致加速度放大系数出现突变。同时,即便在PGA为0.8 g的较高地震强度作用下,隔震结构的加速度放大系数仍然维持在1.0以下,这意味着隔震系统有效地抑制了地震荷载对结构的冲击,降低了结构自身的加速度反应。通过这种机制,隔震支座不仅减少了地震波对设备结构的直接冲击,还缓解了因结构高度而引起的加速度放大效应,从而显著提高了结构的抗震性能和整体安全性。
图15(c)可知,随着PGA的增加,隔震结构顶端的绝对位移也有所增加。具体表现为当PGA分别为0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8 g时,绝对位移分别达到了101、103、114、121 mm,相对位移分别达到了81、83、86、98 mm。根据上述数据可知,隔震支座的使用可能会增加结构的总位移量。如果能够确定设备位移的确切限值,以确保连接线路的安全并避免与邻近结构的碰撞,那么使用隔震支座对设备进行改造并应用于实际工程是可行的。为了进一步增强新型钢丝绳隔震支座的性能,未来的研究应专注于精确确定设备位移的限值,并将其与隔震装置的性能参数相结合。基于这些参数,可以对设备进行优化和改进,以实现更高效的隔震效果。
通过地震模拟振动台的对比试验,本文探讨了在不同的地震波激励下,电压互感器原型结构与安装有新型钢丝绳隔震支座的电压互感器在地震作用下的响应特性。得到以下结论:
1)经过振动台试验验证,采用新型钢丝绳隔震支座改造后的隔震结构在受到PGA为0.8 g地震作用后未出现损伤,钢丝绳阻尼器无残余变形;与原型结构相比,隔震结构的基频降低70%以上。
2)在PGA为0.2 ~0.4 g的地震波作用下,隔震结构顶部的加速度响应隔震率显著,均超过了50%。在PGA为0.5~0.8 g的人工地震波作用下,设备顶部的加速度放大系数分别为0.81、0.86、0.88、0.89,均未超过1.00。同时,瓷质绝缘子应力响应隔震率均超过65%,特别是在PGA为0.8 g人工地震波作用下,瓷套所承受的应力远低于其破坏阈值,证明了隔震支座在降低加速度和应力响应方面的效果显著。
3)在PGA为0.2~0.4 g的地震波作用下,隔震结构顶部水平方向的绝对位移隔震率为26.21%,相对位移隔震率为45.05%,表明新型钢丝绳隔震支座控制结构位移响应的效果较差。在PGA为0.8 g人工波地震作用下,相对位移为98 mm。
  • 陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2020PT-038)
  • 陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022SF-375)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52278214; 52378314)
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(2022JZ-21)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0220
  • 接收时间:2024-04-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-04-24
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  • 收稿日期:2024-04-19
  • 修回日期:2024-07-08
基金
陕西省创新能力支撑计划项目(2020PT-038)
陕西省重点研发计划项目(2022SF-375)
国家自然科学基金项目(52278214; 52378314)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目(2022JZ-21)
作者信息
    1.西安建筑科技大学 土木工程学院,陕西 西安 710055
    2.西安建筑科技大学 结构工程与抗震教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710055

通讯作者:

李彬彬(1979—),男,正高级工程师,博士,主要从事电气设备防灾减灾方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Percentage of
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Genus
种数
Number of
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Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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