Article(id=1241786738381750752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0106, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1706025600000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-24, revisedDate=1713196800000, revisedDateStr=2024-04-16, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773994629712, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773994629712, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773994629712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994629712, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241786727631754095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='235', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773994627149, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996954801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=51, endPage=60, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241786740067860985, articleId=1241786738381750752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Study on the damping performance of tuned mass damper inerter for nuclear containment structures, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Reducing the seismic acceleration response of nuclear containment and ensuring the safety of nuclear power equipment under strong earthquakes is of practical significance for improving the seismic toughness of nuclear containment. Tuned mass damper (TMD) can effectively reduce the wind vibration response, but it has the disadvantages of narrow frequency band and low damping efficiency for seismic response control. By combining TMD with inertial volume, a tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) is proposed to reduce the seismic acceleration of nuclear containment. Based on the performance requirement design idea and H optimization criterion, an optimal parameter design method for TMDI was established. On this basis, a numerical simulation method is developed by using the substructure idea combined with ABAQUS and Matlab, and the finite element simulation of the seismic response of nuclear containment under TMDI control is realized. The validity of the theoretical analysis is verified by the TMDI seismic control example of a finite element model of a nuclear containment. The results show that the peak acceleration absorption rate of the top of the nuclear containment is 46.1% when TMDI is used, and the tuning mass required when TMDI reaches the same damping index is reduced by 28.2%.

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通过减震措施降低核安全壳地震加速度响应,确保强震作用下核电设备的安全,对提高核安全壳抗震韧性具有现实意义。调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)能有效地降低风振响应,用于控制地震响应,存在频带窄、减震效率低等不足。文中将TMD与惯容结合,提出采用调谐质量惯容阻尼器(tuned mass damper inerter,TMDI)降低核安全壳地震加速度。基于性能需求设计思想与H优化准则建立了TMDI最优参数设计方法。在此基础上,使用子结构思想联合ABAQUS与Matlab开发了数值模拟方法,实现了TMDI控制下核安全壳地震响应有限元模拟。通过对某核安全壳有限元模型进行TMDI地震控制算例分析,验证了理论分析的有效性。结果表明,采用TMDI时核安全壳顶部峰值加速度减震率为46.1%,且TMDI达到相同减震指标时所需调谐质量减少了28.2%。

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唐贞云(1983—),男,教授,博士,主要从事工程结构抗震与减振研究。E-mail:
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贺智铭(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事工程结构抗震与减振研究。E-mail:

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贺智铭(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事工程结构抗震与减振研究。E-mail:

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Equivalent elastic modulus of reinforced concrete members under different stress states[J]. Concrete, 2016(11): 119-122. 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caption=Peak damping ratio of absolute acceleration at different locations of the nuclear containment with additional TMDI under seismic excitation, figureFileSmall=Uem6I26g/2uG8RCdtq4ZpQ==, figureFileBig=C9+w2WpWkA6d/z8ETQbgsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802956497031832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786738381750752, language=CN, label=图12, caption=地震激励下附加TMDI核安全壳不同位置的绝对加速度峰值减震率, figureFileSmall=Uem6I26g/2uG8RCdtq4ZpQ==, figureFileBig=C9+w2WpWkA6d/z8ETQbgsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802956601889443, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786738381750752, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameter values of TMDI

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数μfoptξoptβηqξ
取值0.060.8960.1190.09571.120.91780.0182
0.130.8130.1720.16381.260.83810.0533
), ArticleFig(id=1241802956719329965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786738381750752, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

TMDI参数取值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数μfoptξoptβηqξ
取值0.060.8960.1190.09571.120.91780.0182
0.130.8130.1720.16381.260.83810.0533
), ArticleFig(id=1241802956861936311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786738381750752, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Variation of tuning mass when TMD and TMDI reach similar damping rate under seismic excitation

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地震激励TMDTMDI调谐质量变化度δ
μγTA,TMDμγTA,TMDI
人工波0.0620.70.05620.46.2
0.1334.90.01034.923.1
改进人工波0.0629.10.06129.0-1.6
0.1333.70.11833.610.9
LA Stor FF波0.0634.10.04634.322.6
0.1345.60.09345.628.2
), ArticleFig(id=1241802956983571137, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786738381750752, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

地震激励下TMD和TMDI达到相近减震率时调谐质量变化度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震激励TMDTMDI调谐质量变化度δ
μγTA,TMDμγTA,TMDI
人工波0.0620.70.05620.46.2
0.1334.90.01034.923.1
改进人工波0.0629.10.06129.0-1.6
0.1333.70.11833.610.9
LA Stor FF波0.0634.10.04634.322.6
0.1345.60.09345.628.2
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调谐质量惯容阻尼器对核安全壳的减震性能研究
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贺智铭 1 , 唐贞云 1 , 董晓辉 1 , 吴利华 2
地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025,45(1): 51-60
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地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025, 45(1): 51-60
调谐质量惯容阻尼器对核安全壳的减震性能研究
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贺智铭1 , 唐贞云1 , 董晓辉1, 吴利华2
作者信息
  • 1.北京工业大学 城市与工程安全减灾教育部重点试验室,北京 100124
  • 2.中国核电工程有限公司,北京 100089
  • 贺智铭(1998—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事工程结构抗震与减振研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

唐贞云(1983—),男,教授,博士,主要从事工程结构抗震与减振研究。E-mail:
Study on the damping performance of tuned mass damper inerter for nuclear containment structures
Zhiming HE1 , Zhenyun TANG1 , Xiaohui DONG1, Lihua WU2
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Urban Security and Disaster Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
  • 2.China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Beijing 100089, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0106
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通过减震措施降低核安全壳地震加速度响应,确保强震作用下核电设备的安全,对提高核安全壳抗震韧性具有现实意义。调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)能有效地降低风振响应,用于控制地震响应,存在频带窄、减震效率低等不足。文中将TMD与惯容结合,提出采用调谐质量惯容阻尼器(tuned mass damper inerter,TMDI)降低核安全壳地震加速度。基于性能需求设计思想与H优化准则建立了TMDI最优参数设计方法。在此基础上,使用子结构思想联合ABAQUS与Matlab开发了数值模拟方法,实现了TMDI控制下核安全壳地震响应有限元模拟。通过对某核安全壳有限元模型进行TMDI地震控制算例分析,验证了理论分析的有效性。结果表明,采用TMDI时核安全壳顶部峰值加速度减震率为46.1%,且TMDI达到相同减震指标时所需调谐质量减少了28.2%。

核安全壳  /  地震响应  /  惯容  /  调谐质量惯容阻尼器  /  轻量化设计

Reducing the seismic acceleration response of nuclear containment and ensuring the safety of nuclear power equipment under strong earthquakes is of practical significance for improving the seismic toughness of nuclear containment. Tuned mass damper (TMD) can effectively reduce the wind vibration response, but it has the disadvantages of narrow frequency band and low damping efficiency for seismic response control. By combining TMD with inertial volume, a tuned mass damper inerter (TMDI) is proposed to reduce the seismic acceleration of nuclear containment. Based on the performance requirement design idea and H optimization criterion, an optimal parameter design method for TMDI was established. On this basis, a numerical simulation method is developed by using the substructure idea combined with ABAQUS and Matlab, and the finite element simulation of the seismic response of nuclear containment under TMDI control is realized. The validity of the theoretical analysis is verified by the TMDI seismic control example of a finite element model of a nuclear containment. The results show that the peak acceleration absorption rate of the top of the nuclear containment is 46.1% when TMDI is used, and the tuning mass required when TMDI reaches the same damping index is reduced by 28.2%.

nuclear containment  /  seismic response  /  inerter  /  tuned mass damper inerter  /  lightweight design
贺智铭, 唐贞云, 董晓辉, 吴利华. 调谐质量惯容阻尼器对核安全壳的减震性能研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (1) : 51 -60 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0106
Zhiming HE, Zhenyun TANG, Xiaohui DONG, Lihua WU. Study on the damping performance of tuned mass damper inerter for nuclear containment structures[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (1) : 51 -60 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0106
核电站在现代社会中扮演着重要角色,核电站的抗震安全备受关注。安全壳是其中的关键结构,必须能抵御地震引起的震动,保障核反应堆和核燃料的安全。目前,核安全壳主要采用抗震和隔震方法。传统安全壳可承受8度罕见地震而不开裂破坏,但传统抗震模型刚度大,会放大部分地震动,因此提出隔震来提高安全性[1-2],南非和法国的核电站已采用基础隔震技术[3]。然而,隔震层位移大且对长周期地震动敏感,在应对某些地震动时存在安全隐患。侯钢领等[4]提出BIS-TMD(base isolation-tuned mass damping)新型结构,该结构能够显著提高抗震安全性。但调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)的效果与附加调谐质量有关,需在高振动控制需求下使用较大附加质量。过大的附加质量增加成本,施工和检修不便,可能对结构产生不利影响。
近年来,惯容减震系统备受关注[5-9]。其中的惯容元件是一种两端点的加速度相关型的结构振动控制元件。它通过自身机制产生的质量惯性效应,能够实现比自身重量更大的质量放大效果[8-11]。研究表明,将惯容系统引入调谐减震装置可以替代部分调谐质量,实现轻量化减震。旋转惯性双调谐质量阻尼器[12](rotitional interial double tuned mass damper,RIDTMD)和接地型调谐质量阻尼惯容器[13]等装置的提出,就是利用惯容系统的质量放大效应,替代部分调谐质量减震装置所需的质量,提供了一种轻量化的减震方案。然而进一步研究发现[14],单独连接的惯容元件对TMD并没有改进作用,其需要与弹簧和阻尼共同组成一套系统才能产生提升效果。因此,广义调谐质量惯容减震系统[8](tuned mass inerter system,TMIS)被提出,并设置了多种形式的惯容子系统,这些研究为调谐质量惯容阻尼器(tuned mass damper inerter,TMDI)的进一步优化提供了新思路和方法。
目前,已有许多学者对TMDI的应用进行了研究。路畅等[15]将其应用于超高层建筑对横向风致振动控制。苏宁等[16]将其应用于高耸烟囱结构用于控制风振。然而,在核电工程领域,应用TMDI等调谐减震系统作为减震装置来降低安全壳等核电厂房的地震响应目前鲜少有研究。目前新一代核安全壳为应对安全问题需设置高位冷却水箱,由于其质量和体积较大,显著增加了结构荷载,对结构产生了不利影响[17]。本文将水箱改造为TMDI,实现水箱对核安全壳调谐减震和冷却的双重功能。采用混联型惯容子系统的调谐质量惯容减震阻尼器(TMDI),建立了附加TMDI核安全壳减震结构的运动方程,并以调谐质量最小化为目标,提出了用于核安全壳结构的TMDI减震结构轻量化优化控制设计流程。以某单层安全壳结构为算例,与TMD对比分析了TMDI的减震效果以及轻量化优势,验证了设计流程的有效性,并为核安全壳在地震作用下的安全性提供新思路。
惯容元件作为惯容系统中的核心部件,其物理模型如图1所示,因其质量增效特性,故不需要过大的质量就能够实现轻量化控制。惯容元件的出力Fin与其两端的加速度相关,其表达式为
式中:min为惯容系数,因其量纲等同于质量,故也称表观质量;分别为惯容元件的左端和右端的加速度。
惯容元件的质量增效特性可在不增加主体结构物理质量的情况下,提升调谐减震效果。TMDI将惯容元件与传统的TMD相结合,利用其质量增效特性来减少调谐质量的需求,达到轻量化减震的目的。图2给出了本文使用的单自由度混联型惯容子系统的TMDI的力学模型,其在地震激励下的运动方程见式(2):
式中:mscsks分别为单自由度结构质量、阻尼系数和刚度;m1k1分别为调谐减震系统的附加质量和弹簧刚度;m2c2k2分别为惯容元件表观质量、阻尼元件阻尼系数和弹簧元件刚度;xg为地震位移;xsx1x2分别为主结构、调谐质量和惯容元件左端点的相对地面位移。
基于上述参数对式(2)进行拉普拉斯变换,可将其改写为关于XsX1X2的方程组,如式(3)所示:
式中:XsX1X2分别为xsx1x2的拉普拉斯变换;Xgxg的拉普拉斯变换。
可通过上述推出混联型TMDI传递函数,如式(4)所示:
式中:为绝对加速度,其表达式为
使用调谐减震装置的目的是控制核安全壳的动力响应,其主要包括频域中的传递函数和时域中的相对位移和绝对加速度。判断调谐减震装置的控制效果的主要评估指标为峰值响应,其分别能够评估结构在频域或时域上位于某一频率或时刻的最大响应。而减震率可以直接评估其减震效果,本节定义γF/T为频域或时域下的减震率,定义TMDI相较TMD频域或时域下的减震性能优势为αF/T,其中A代表绝对加速度,U代表相对位移,如式(6)所示:
式中:PF/T为附加减震装置结构频域下的传递函数或时域下的响应峰值;PF0/T0为无控结构。为了能够定量比较TMDI与TMD的减震性能,设置PF/T,TMDI为附加TMDI结构频域下的传递函数或时域下的响应峰值;PF/T,TMD为附加TMDI结构。
设定好评估效果指标后,需要依据动力方程以及传递函数推导TMDI的设计参数,为方便使用,定义以下TMDI的无量纲化参数,ωs=(ks/ms1/2ω1 =(k1/m11/2ω2 =(k2/m21/2分别为主结构、调谐质量部分以及惯容系统部分的频率,μ=m1/msβ=m2/m1η= w2/w1q= w1/wsξ= c2/2/(k1m11/2分别为TMDI的调谐质量比、惯质比、内部频率比、自振频率比和名义阻尼比。由前述可知,TMDI需要确定的设计参数数目为5个。为简化需要优化的设计参数,参考BARREDO等[18]提出的定点理论优化公式用以确定TMDI的βηq,如式(7)~式(9)所示:
研究发现[119],在地震作用下,核安全壳结构的破坏与其绝对加速度响应密切相关。故本文将频域下的绝对加速度减震率γFA,TMDI设定为TMDI主要优化目标,如式(10)所示:
式中:PFA,TMDI为附加TMDI的核安全壳结构的绝对加速度传递函数峰值;PFA0为无减震装置的核安全壳结构的绝对加速度传递函数峰值。
运用张瑞甫等[20]提出的基于性能需求的设计思想与H的优化方法相结合,在输入某一质量比时使TMDI的传递函数的无穷范数最小,即保证最大发挥其减震性能,其逻辑关系如式(11)所示:
式(11)描述了一个单目标多变量优化问题,本文采用Matlab的内置算法,遗传算法(genetic algorithm,GA)与序列二次规划算法(sequential quadratic programming,SQP)相结合进行优化。根据前面所述优化公式及本节得到的阻尼优化设计目标,将TMDI参数代入其中得到其设计流程,如图3所示。
为凸显TMDI优势,需要同质量比下TMD最优效果予以比较,对于TMD的最优参数取值,在给定附加质量比的条件下,采用康迎杰[21]提出的参数优化式(12)与式(13),确定TMD最优频率比fopt和最优阻尼比ξopt,其表达式为
式中ξ为结构阻尼比。
使用核安全壳1阶模态参数作为单自由度应用上述设计流程进行分析,其质量m为27 106 t,抗侧刚度k为1.5×1010 N/m,自振频率f为3.76 Hz,阻尼比ξ为0.05,依据上述参数分别取μ为0.06和0.13时TMD与TMDI的最优参数,所设计参数如表1所示。
由上述参数得到的加速度放大系数曲线如图4所示。由图可知,在地震作用下TMDI在频域中不仅降低了传递函数峰值,而且拓宽了减震频带,可见其较TMD具有更优的减震效果。为进一步探讨TMDI较于TMD更优越的减震能力以及调谐质量轻量化特征,将调谐质量比范围扩大为0.01~0.15,每0.01为一组,应用频域下减震性能指标αFA以及定义新指标δ调谐质量变化度如式(14)所示:
其中频域下减震性能指标αFA是在相同质量比下比较TMD与TMDI的峰值减震率,调谐质量变化度δ则是在保证2种减震装置减震率相同下,即令γF,TMD =γF,TMDI,比较其调谐质量来衡量TMDI对于调谐质量轻量化效果,该参数越大,表示TMDI对调谐质量的轻量化效果越好,如图5所示。
频域结果表明,所选取的几组附加减震装置的单自由度结构,在取相同调谐质量比时TMDI对结构的减震性能全范围优于TMD,且随着质量比增大减震性能αFA同步增大至28.6%;其次在达到相同减震比时TMDI与TMD进行比较,TMDI所需调谐质量最多降低了58.6%。
本文所使用的安全壳模型由钢筋混凝土底板、筒壁和穹顶组成并采用预应力钢筋混凝土作为建设材料。核安全壳总高共72.3 m,总重35 000 t,其中安全壳筒壁内径40.3 m、外径43.3 m、壁厚1.5 m。由于设备进出的需要,筒壁上开有3个洞孔,最大的洞孔是设备闸门,孔中心位于标高23.20 m处,直径8.0 m。在筒壁标高6.70、11.70 m处,分别设有2个小孔洞,直径分别为3.0、2.952 m,由于设备进出需要等安全性考虑,本文主要研究顶部以及设备闸门这2个关键部位的减震率,如图6所示。
由于核安全壳本身的配筋方式和内部设备等具体措施非常复杂,故本文采用整体建模的方式,忽略设备对安全壳的影响,钢筋混凝土参考屈铁军等[22]提出的方法设置弹性模量为36.8 GPa、密度为2500 kg/m3、泊松比为0.2,利用ABAQUS软件建立精细核安全壳有限元模型,网格尺寸为0.5 m。调谐减震装置一般设置于结构响应较大的位置才能更好地发挥其减震作用,故将改造为TMDI的水箱安装于安全壳顶部并通过环形柱与下部安全壳连接。通过其本身调谐质量并设计TMDI所需的弹簧阻尼器,惯质比等系数即可实现耗能减震。
前5阶振型以及频率如图7所示。为保证本文使用的安全壳具有广泛研究意义,将其前2阶频率与目前已投入使用的安全壳进行对比,本文所建立的安全壳有限元模型与现有型号安全壳模型频率相差不超过7%,说明此模型能够包络多种不同型号安全壳的动力特性。核安全壳水平方向1阶振型质量占68%,故核安全壳以1阶平动振型为主,故本文减震目标以控制安全壳1阶振型为主。
由于目前通用的有限元软件中没有现成的惯容元件或者相关部件用以模拟其惯性行为,故需要联合其他软件建模。为完成上述目标,本文开发了一套基于Matlab的安全壳减震响应数值模拟方法,其采用子结构的思想将核安全壳与减震装置分开建模,在ABAQUS建立安全壳有限元模型,将其质量、刚度以及阻尼以矩阵形式导入Matlab后附加所需的调谐减震装置并建立动力方程进行计算,此数值模拟方法可以较好地运用于调谐减震装置附加于安全壳上的情况,本文以TMD进行举例,流程如图8所示。
为保证本文提出的基于Matlab的安全壳减震响应数值模拟方法的准确性,选用下述地震波进行时程分析比较ABAQUS与Matlab中附加TMD核安全壳顶部绝对加速度和相对位移,如图9所示。可见其绝对加速度时程结果基本吻合,说明该程序可替代ABAQUS进行减震分析;并且使用该计算程序仅耗时32 s就可以完成时程分析,相较于ABAQUS的数小时可以大幅降低计算耗时,进一步提高研究效率。
选用3条地震波作为输入的外界激励,以探究TMDI附加于核安全壳结构在地震激励下的减震控制性能,参考核电标准RG1.6的反应谱作为选波标准,最终选取2条人工波和1条天然波LA-Hollywood Stor FF(简称LA Stor FF波),并将3条地震波的峰值加速度调整为0.3 g,如图10所示。
在地震激励下,得到附加TMDI核安全壳结构的位移时程响应和加速度时程响应,并将其与无控核安全壳结构、附加TMD核安全壳结构的时程曲线作对比,如图11所示。由图可知,相同调谐质量比(μ=0.13)时,TMDI较TMD对于绝对加速度表现出更好的峰值响应控制效果。位移峰值响应的控制与无控结构相比虽仍具有一定优势,但与TMD相比时效果较差。由于本身设计目标时以核安全壳绝对加速度为主,导致位移控制效果不够明显。在LA Stor FF波作用下,顶部位置TMDI与无控结构相比峰值绝对加速度响应减震率达到了46.1%,峰值相对位移响应减震率达到了31%。
图12列出了2种调谐减震装置对核安全壳不同位置的减震性能。由于本身设计目标以核安全壳绝对加速度为主,故本文在这两者的减震性能时选用了γTA作为衡量指标。在输入本文所选3条地震波时,2种减震装置均具有良好的减震效果,在某些波上TMDI较TMD对于绝对加速度表现出更好峰值响应控制效果。在LA Stor FF波作用下,当质量比为0.08时,顶部位置TMDI峰值绝对加速度响应减震率达到了39.7%,相较于TMD进一步优化8.9%;设备闸门处的TMDI峰值绝对加速度响应减震率达到了41.6%,相较于TMD进一步优化11.1%。对于安全壳不同位置上TMDI相较于TMD的减震性能来说,其在设备闸门优化效果较顶部有进一步增强,也是TMDI对安全壳整体结构优秀控制的另一种体现。
当TMDI和TMD具有相同的附加质量比时,TMDI的峰值减震效果优于TMD。利用惯容元件的质量增效特性,从而解决传统TMD附加质量比过大时导致主体结构所受到的地震作用力变大及实际工程中不便于安装放置的问题,实现轻量化设计。本文以上述3条地震波为激励输入,研究TMDI的轻量化特点。
表2给出了在不同地震激励作用下当TMDI和TMD附加于核安全壳时,并使用核安全壳顶部位置γTA作为衡量减震系统效果的指标,LA Stor FF波作用下TMDI的轻量化优势可高达28.2%,显著减小了调谐系统的附加质量比,即TMDI可以实现轻量化减震控制并产生较好的控制效果。此外,随着所需调谐质量比的增大,调谐质量比中质量的调谐质量变化度δ进一步增大(表2第5列数据),也就是说在附加大调谐质量比的情况下,TMDI的轻量化效果更加有效可观。
本文将核安全壳顶部水箱改造为调谐质量惯容阻尼器(TMDI),减小其动力荷载的同时可以控制其动力响应,提出了相应的设计流程。在地震激励下,通过与传统质量调谐阻尼器(TMD)的对比研究,说明了TMDI应用于核安全壳的轻量化控制优势,并通过频域与时域下的分析验证了TMDI的减震效果。得出如下结论:
1)将本文提出的TMDI应用于核安全壳设计流程,得到所需参数并计算,可知TMDI应用于核安全壳时,在频域和时域下均具有比TMD更好的减震控制效果。在频域中,其对核安全壳1阶模态的绝对加速度传递函数峰值减少率提升了28.6%;在时域上,使用天然波LA Stor FF作为激励输入时,其对安全壳顶部峰值加速度响应减震率最高达到了46.1%,设备闸门峰值加速度响应减震率达到了最高43.6%;在选用不同质量比比较峰值减震率时,TMDI相较于TMD其减震性能在不同位置最高分别提升了8.9%、11.1%。
2)TMDI与TMD对比研究表明,TMDI在达到与传统TMD相同减震率的情况下,可以显著降低所需的附加调谐质量,实现轻量化调谐减震,以输入LA Stor FF波为例,当TMDI在安全壳顶部位置达到与TMD同样的加速度减震率时调谐质量减少28.2%,且随着调谐质量增大,其轻量化特征会进一步提升。这一特点可以为核安全壳调谐减震提供轻量化的高效震动控制装置,减少调谐减震系统所需质量,降低主体结构所受的地震力,使结构调谐减振控制更加经济。
3)本文应用子结构思想结合ABAQUS与Matlab开发了一套的附加调谐减震装置安全壳动力响应计算流程。该流程可解决惯容元件无法进行有限元建模的问题,且在保证计算精准率的情况下提升了计算效率。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52278473)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0106
  • 接收时间:2024-01-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-24
  • 修回日期:2024-04-16
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52278473)
作者信息
    1.北京工业大学 城市与工程安全减灾教育部重点试验室,北京 100124
    2.中国核电工程有限公司,北京 100089

通讯作者:

唐贞云(1983—),男,教授,博士,主要从事工程结构抗震与减振研究。E-mail:
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