Article(id=1241786737937154494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0123, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718208000000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-13, revisedDate=1720972800000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773994629606, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773994629606, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773994629606, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994629606, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241786727631754095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='235', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773994627149, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996954801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=229, endPage=235, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241786738193007056, articleId=1241786737937154494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Research on the influence of circular grooves on the sealing performance stability of pipe joints under vibration condition, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Conical pipe joints are widely used in pipeline systems of various aerospace vehicles, and the stability of their sealing performance directly impacts the reliability of the aircraft's operation. Engineering experience has shown that setting circular grooves on the conical surface can improve the stability of the sealing performance of conical pipe joints. However, there is currently a shortage of experimental data to support this viewpoint. This article takes a 74° conical pipe joint commonly used in aircraft engines as the object and demonstrates rotational bending fatigue tests that circular grooves can significantly improve the stability of the sealing performance of conical pipe joints under vibration condition. On this basis, this article verifies through finite element simulation that the edges of the annular groove can generate contact pressure concentration bands, which serve as a form of line sealing. Thus, a qualitative explanation is provided for the mechanism of improving the stability of sealing performance by the annular groove. This study provides a reference for improving the design of conical pipe joints and other forms of static sealing structures.

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锥面管接头广泛应用于各种航空航天飞行器的管路系统,其密封性能的稳定性直接影响着飞行器的工作可靠性。经验表明,在锥面上设置环形凹槽可以提升锥面管接头的密封性能稳定性,然而目前缺少证明该观点的试验数据。以航空发动机上常用的某74°锥面管接头为对象,通过旋转弯曲疲劳试验证明了环形凹槽可以显著提升振动工况下锥面管接头密封性能稳定性。在此基础上,基于有限元仿真证明了环形凹槽的边缘可以产生接触压强集中带,起到线密封的作用,从而对环形凹槽提升密封性能稳定性的机理给出了定性的解释。研究可为锥面管接头及其他形式静密封结构的改进设计提供参考。

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丁晓宇(1984—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事连接力学方面的研究。E-mail:
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刘静(1984—),女,高级工程师,主要从事飞行器环境与生命保障工程方面的研究。E-mail:

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刘静(1984—),女,高级工程师,主要从事飞行器环境与生命保障工程方面的研究。E-mail:

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刘静(1984—),女,高级工程师,主要从事飞行器环境与生命保障工程方面的研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Unflared male end sizes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802950545314002, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737937154494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1990, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=29, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HB 6442—1990飞机液压导管及连接件弯曲疲劳试验[S]. 北京: 航空航天部三○一所,1990., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802950645977305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737937154494, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=1990, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=30, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HB 6442—1990 Flexure testing of aviation hydraulic tubing joints and fittings[S]. 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Test duration when leakage occurs in samples

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样件编号发生泄漏试验时长发生泄漏的平均试验时长样件编号发生泄漏试验时长发生泄漏的平均试验时长
a-8-110 h 49 mina-12-110 h 17 min
a-8-211 h 33 mm672±22 mina-12-29 h 8 min615±66 min
a-8-311 h 14 mina-12-311 h 19 min
b-8-118 h 24 minb-12-120 h 32 min
b-8-219 h 33 min1099±77 minb-12-221 h 46 min1245±56 min
b-8-316 h 59 minb-12-319 h 57 min
), ArticleFig(id=1241802944497128188, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737937154494, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各样件发生泄漏时的试验时长

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样件编号发生泄漏试验时长发生泄漏的平均试验时长样件编号发生泄漏试验时长发生泄漏的平均试验时长
a-8-110 h 49 mina-12-110 h 17 min
a-8-211 h 33 mm672±22 mina-12-29 h 8 min615±66 min
a-8-311 h 14 mina-12-311 h 19 min
b-8-118 h 24 minb-12-120 h 32 min
b-8-219 h 33 min1099±77 minb-12-221 h 46 min1245±56 min
b-8-316 h 59 minb-12-319 h 57 min
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环形凹槽对振动工况下管接头密封性能稳定性的影响研究
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刘静 1 , 张岭 2 , 庞凯月 2 , 贾铎 3 , 王润良 4 , 钟后顺 4 , 丁晓宇 4
地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025,45(1): 229-235
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地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025, 45(1): 229-235
环形凹槽对振动工况下管接头密封性能稳定性的影响研究
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刘静1 , 张岭2, 庞凯月2, 贾铎3, 王润良4, 钟后顺4, 丁晓宇4
作者信息
  • 1.沈阳飞机设计研究所,辽宁 沈阳 110035
  • 2.新乡航空工业(集团)有限公司,河南 新乡 453000
  • 3.中国航发沈阳发动机研究所,辽宁 沈阳 110000
  • 4.北京理工大学 机械与车辆学院,北京 100081
  • 刘静(1984—),女,高级工程师,主要从事飞行器环境与生命保障工程方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

丁晓宇(1984—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事连接力学方面的研究。E-mail:
Research on the influence of circular grooves on the sealing performance stability of pipe joints under vibration condition
Jing LIU1 , Ling ZHANG2, Kaiyue PANG2, Duo JIA3, Runliang WANG4, Houshun ZHONG4, Xiaoyu DING4
Affiliations
  • 1.Shenyang Aircraft Design and Research Institute, Shenyang 110035, China
  • 2.Xinxiang Aviation Industry(Group) Co., Ltd., Xinxiang 453000, China
  • 3.AECC Shenyang Engine Research Institution, Shenyang 110000, China
  • 4.School of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0123
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锥面管接头广泛应用于各种航空航天飞行器的管路系统,其密封性能的稳定性直接影响着飞行器的工作可靠性。经验表明,在锥面上设置环形凹槽可以提升锥面管接头的密封性能稳定性,然而目前缺少证明该观点的试验数据。以航空发动机上常用的某74°锥面管接头为对象,通过旋转弯曲疲劳试验证明了环形凹槽可以显著提升振动工况下锥面管接头密封性能稳定性。在此基础上,基于有限元仿真证明了环形凹槽的边缘可以产生接触压强集中带,起到线密封的作用,从而对环形凹槽提升密封性能稳定性的机理给出了定性的解释。研究可为锥面管接头及其他形式静密封结构的改进设计提供参考。

管接头  /  密封性能  /  振动工况  /  环形凹槽  /  旋转弯曲疲劳试验

Conical pipe joints are widely used in pipeline systems of various aerospace vehicles, and the stability of their sealing performance directly impacts the reliability of the aircraft's operation. Engineering experience has shown that setting circular grooves on the conical surface can improve the stability of the sealing performance of conical pipe joints. However, there is currently a shortage of experimental data to support this viewpoint. This article takes a 74° conical pipe joint commonly used in aircraft engines as the object and demonstrates rotational bending fatigue tests that circular grooves can significantly improve the stability of the sealing performance of conical pipe joints under vibration condition. On this basis, this article verifies through finite element simulation that the edges of the annular groove can generate contact pressure concentration bands, which serve as a form of line sealing. Thus, a qualitative explanation is provided for the mechanism of improving the stability of sealing performance by the annular groove. This study provides a reference for improving the design of conical pipe joints and other forms of static sealing structures.

pipe joints  /  sealing performance  /  vibration condition  /  circular groove  /  rotational bending fatigue test
刘静, 张岭, 庞凯月, 贾铎, 王润良, 钟后顺, 丁晓宇. 环形凹槽对振动工况下管接头密封性能稳定性的影响研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (1) : 229 -235 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0123
Jing LIU, Ling ZHANG, Kaiyue PANG, Duo JIA, Runliang WANG, Houshun ZHONG, Xiaoyu DING. Research on the influence of circular grooves on the sealing performance stability of pipe joints under vibration condition[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (1) : 229 -235 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0123
锥面管接头广泛应用于各种航空航天飞行器的管路系统,起到传输工作介质的作用,其密封性能的稳定性直接影响着飞行器的工作可靠性。在航空航天领域,由于锥面管接头密封泄漏导致的质量问题时有发生。其中最典型的现象是:新装配的锥面管接头并不泄漏,但在振动工况下服役一段时间后逐渐出现渗漏油。这种现象意味着锥面管接头的密封性能不稳定,在振动工况下容易出现明显衰减。
为了提升锥面管接头的密封性能,学者们从仿真层面做了许多研究工作。但现有的仿真研究大多是基于各种锥面管接头的宏观有限元模型[1-10]。此类仿真模型难以包含密封界面的微观形貌,只能通过密封界面在宏观尺度上的接触宽度、接触应力或von Mises等效应力的大小对密封性能进行评价,从而得到锥面角度、锥角差、喇叭口厚度、安装力矩和预紧力等设计或装配因素对密封性能的影响。近些年也有学者针对锥面管接头建立了同时包含宏观尺寸和微观形貌的多尺度有限元仿真模型[11],并通过微观层面上堵塞泄漏通道所需的最小预紧力作为指标对密封性能进行分析和评价。现有的各种仿真工作,无论是宏观的还是宏微观相结合的,都是基于静态假设,因此只能在一定程度上分析各种设计或装配参数与密封性能之间的定性关系。受现有仿真技术的水平限制,很难在所求解的仿真模型中考虑各种时变性因素,如界面磨损、材料蠕变、流体传输和螺纹松动等,因此很难通过仿真手段分析各种设计或装配参数对振动工况下管接头密封性能稳定性的影响。
工程研究表明,静密封界面上设置环形凹槽可以提升密封性能稳定性,比如法兰密封经常使用环形凹槽的设计,然而航空航天领域一些常用的标准锥面管接头[12-14]却没有采用环形凹槽设计。一些工程人员认为锥面管接头上也应该使用环形凹槽,并基于这个思路提出了改进的锥面管接头设计[15],然而却没有系统性的试验数据可以定量证明环形凹槽对锥面管接头密封性能稳定性的提升效果。
本文以航空发动机上常用的某74°锥面管接头为对象,通过旋转弯曲疲劳试验证明了环形凹槽可以显著提升振动工况下锥面管接头密封性能稳定性。在此基础上,本文基于有限元仿真对环形凹槽提升密封性能稳定性的机理给出了定性的解释,为锥面管接头及其他形式静密封结构的改进设计提供了参考。
本文的试验对象是航空发动机上常用的某74°锥面管接头,其结构如图1所示。该管接头包括外锥接头、内锥接头和外套螺母三部分,其中,外锥接头与内锥接头之间的锥面是密封界面。在实际使用中,需要把外套螺母上的内螺纹与外锥接头上的外螺纹拧紧在一起,以此产生预紧力挤压密封界面,进而产生密封效果。原始的管接头结构如图1(a)所示,它的密封界面是一个完整的锥面。为了验证环形凹槽对锥面管接头密封性能稳定性的影响,本文在密封区域的外锥面上设置了一个环形凹槽,形成了改进的锥面管接头,如图1(b)所示。本文试验使用了8、12 mm管径这2种规格的管接头样件,对于这2种规格的接头,原始和改进后外锥接头的主要尺寸如图2所示。本文试验所用外锥接头和内锥接头的材料为GH1139,外套螺母的材料为TC6。
本文采用航空工业标准HB 6442—1990《飞机液压导管及连接件弯曲疲劳试验》[16]规定的旋转弯曲疲劳试验方法,分别测试原始和改进后锥面管接头的密封性能稳定性。旋转弯曲疲劳试验台的结构示意图如图3所示。它的基本原理是:把待测管接头和一个导管的左端相连(通常采用焊接的方式),导管的右端固定在旋转头的轴承内圈上,旋转头的旋转轴线与待测管接头的中轴线重合,但与轴承的中轴线并不重合(二者的距离即为挠曲度,可通过挠曲度调节旋钮调整),当旋转头在电机的带动下按照预设速度旋转时,导管的左端固定不动,导管的右端会围绕旋转头的旋转轴线产生旋转,进而给导管左端的待测管接头施加交变的弯矩载荷。该试验方法可以很好地模拟管接头在实际振动工况下所承受的交变载荷,因此是考核管接头密封性能稳定性的重要基础试验方法,而且是国际通用的试验方法[17-18]。在试验过程中,导管内部会通上高压液体,如果管接头出现泄漏可以很方便的被检测出来。相关标准对不同规格的管接头给出了导管长度、挠曲度和转速的要求,在所要求的试验参数下,如果旋转一千万圈被测管接头不发生任何泄漏,则被测管接头的密封性能被认为是可靠的。
对于8 mm管径管接头,本文试验使用的导管长度为20 cm,外径为8 mm,内径为6 mm,设置挠曲度为3 mm;对于12 mm管径管接头,本文试验使用的导管长度为25 cm,外径为12 mm,内径为10 mm,设置挠曲度为6 mm。另外,对于8 mm管径管接头,3个原始样件编号为a-8-1、a-8-2、a-8-3,3个改进样件编号为b-8-1、b-8-2、b-8-3;对于12 mm管径管接头,3个原始样件编号为a-12-1、a-12-2、a-12-3,3个改进样件编号为b-12-1、b-12-2、b-12-3。所有样件采用特定拧紧力矩进行安装,管径8、12 mm管接头样件的拧紧力矩大小分别为13、16 N•m。试验中使用磷酸酯液压油作为高压介质,压力为28 MPa,转速设为3600 r/min。试验中时刻观察管接头的泄漏状态,记录管接头开始泄漏的时间,以此来评价管接头密封性能稳定性的好坏。需要说明的是,本文试验采用的挠曲度比HB 6442—1990《飞机液压导管及连接件弯曲疲劳试验》[16]规定的更大,而采用的拧紧力矩则比实际工程应用中的更小,其目的是加速管接头的泄漏,确保能够在一千万圈内对比出2种管接头密封性能的区别。另外,为了减少锥角差对试验结果的干扰,本文通过选配的方法确保所有样件都处于正锥角差状态(内锥角度大于外锥角度),锥角差均在0°~1°之间。
图4给出了8 mm管径管接头样件在安装完成且施加28 MPa液压后的状态,可以看出所有样件此时密封良好,均未发生泄漏。在试验一定时间后所有管接头样件均开始泄漏。图5为8 mm管径管接头样件发生泄漏时的照片,可以看出液压油从管接头中渗出形成油滴。12 mm管径管接头样件的泄漏情况与8 mm管径管接头样件类似,照片不再给出。各样件发生泄漏时的试验时长如表1所示。基于表1中的试验结果,可以看出8 mm管径管接头原始样件发生泄漏的平均试验时长为672 min,改进后样件发生泄漏的平均试验时长为1099 min,相比原始样件,改进后样件发生泄漏的平均试验时长提升了约63%;12 mm管径管接头原始样件发生泄漏的平均试验时长为615 min,改进后样件发生泄漏的平均试验时长为1245 min,相比原始样件,改进后样件发生泄漏的平均试验时长提升了约1倍。上述试验结果证明了凹槽特征可以显著提升锥面管接头的密封性能的稳定性。另外,8 mm管径管接头原始和改进样件的试验时长的数据离散度(样本标准偏差/平均值)分别为3.3%、7%,12 mm管径管接头原始和改进样件的试验时长的数据离散度分别为4.5%、10.7%,展示了较高的数据一致性,说明本文试验条件控制比较稳定,试验数据可靠。
为了解释环形凹槽对锥面管接头密封性能的影响机理,本文针对原始和改进后的8 mm管径管接头的锥面区域分别建立了二维轴对称模型,对锥面上的接触压强分布进行了研究。本文构建的网格模型及边界条件如图6所示。在该模型中,内锥接头的端面被固定,外锥接头的一端被施加了轴向位移,实现对锥面的挤压,模拟了锥面管接头的密封界面在预紧力作用下的挤压过程。该仿真之所以采用二维模型而非三维模型,是为了尽量增大网格密度,提高锥面接触压强的计算精度。经过局部加密操作,最终仿真模型中锥面附近的网格尺度大约为6 μm。仿真采用双线性等向强化模型来定义材料属性,内外锥材料的弹性模量为210 GPa,切线模量为880 MPa,泊松比为0.3,屈服强度为345 MPa,抗拉强度为740 MPa,界面摩擦系数设置为0.15。
图7所示为原始和改进后的8 mm管径管接头在7 kN预紧力时的密封界面接触压强沿锥面母线的分布,7 kN大约等于该锥面管接头在13 N•m拧紧力矩(试验条件)下所产生的预紧力。图7中母线位置为0对应着内锥面的大径端。由图可知,改进前的管接头在密封面的2个边缘有2个很窄的接触压强集中带,这是接触力学的边缘应力奇异效应导致的,这2个接触压强集中带可以起到线密封的效果。改进后的管接头相比于改进前的管接头,在凹槽的其中一个边缘(靠近锥面中部的边缘)处多了一个接触压强集中带,因此可以认为增加了一道线密封。
这里应当指出,由于受加工误差的限制,实际的管接头内外锥的锥角不可能完全一样,而存在锥角差,因此实际的锥面管接头通常无法在密封面2端同时存在2个线密封带,而是仅在一端存在一个线密封带。另外,一个凹槽有2个边缘,理想情况下应该可以产生2个接触压强集中带,即增加2道线密封,然而在本文样件所采用的开槽位置条件下,其中一个凹槽边缘距离密封面边缘太近,导致它们所形成的应力集中区域重叠,因此仿真中只能看到增加了一道线密封。需要说明的是,本文并没有对凹槽的位置和尺寸进行优化设计,仅仅是在原始管接头上根据经验开了个槽。如果对凹槽的位置和尺寸进行优化,应该可以使得凹槽2个边缘产生2道线密封。综上所述,由于凹槽的存在,改进后的管接头至少可以增加一道线密封,这就是环形凹槽提升锥面管接头密封性能稳定性的力学机理。这里还应当指出,线密封代表宽度较窄而接触压强较大的密封带,但是目前工程中关于线密封的定义并不严谨,对线密封的接触宽度及接触压强的范围并没有严格的定义,这是静密封学术研究有待解决的问题,本文暂不对这个问题展开论述。
本文通过旋转弯曲疲劳试验方法研究了环形凹槽对锥面管接头密封性能稳定性的影响规律,并通过有限元仿真解释了环形凹槽对密封性能稳定性的影响机理,得出了以下结论:
1)在锥面上设置环形凹槽可以显著提升锥面管接头在振动工况下的密封性能稳定性,在本文试验条件下,环形凹槽的存在可以使得8、12 mm管径锥面管接头的无泄漏服役时间分别增加约63%和102%。
2)环形凹槽的边缘可以产生接触压强集中带,起到线密封的作用,从而提高了锥面管接头密封性能的稳定性。
应当指出,本文的研究虽然是针对锥面管接头进行的,但是环形凹槽用于其他形式的静密封结构时,也可以产生类似的作用,因此本文的研究也可为其他形式静密封结构的改进设计提供参考。
  • 技术基础科研项目(JSZL2022205A001)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0123
  • 接收时间:2024-06-13
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-13
  • 修回日期:2024-07-15
基金
技术基础科研项目(JSZL2022205A001)
作者信息
    1.沈阳飞机设计研究所,辽宁 沈阳 110035
    2.新乡航空工业(集团)有限公司,河南 新乡 453000
    3.中国航发沈阳发动机研究所,辽宁 沈阳 110000
    4.北京理工大学 机械与车辆学院,北京 100081

通讯作者:

丁晓宇(1984—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事连接力学方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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