Article(id=1241786737429643677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0113, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1700064000000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-16, revisedDate=1710691200000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773994629485, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773994629485, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773994629485, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994629485, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241786727631754095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='235', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773994627149, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996954801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=121, endPage=131, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241786737735827891, articleId=1241786737429643677, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Study on seismic dynamic amplification factor of porcelain cylindrical electrical equipment support, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The failure of porcelain cylindrical electrical equipment during earthquakes is a key factor contributing to power supply outages. The meticulous assessment of the seismic resistance of these devices is a foundational requirement for accurately gauging the overall seismic robustness of power systems. The judicious choice of the support dynamic magnification coefficient plays a crucial role in precisely appraising the seismic behavior of porcelain cylindrical electrical equipment. In this research, to derive the support dynamic magnification coefficients for these devices, vibration tests were carried out on three main types of porcelain cylindrical electrical installations: in cluding disconnect switches, voltage transformers, and current transformers, all of which were evaluated as integrated units with their respective support structures under various seismic excitations and different peak ground acceleration levels. Based on these empirical results, finite element analysis was used to examine the effect of parameters such as the stiffness of supports on the natural frequencies of the equipment-to-support system configurations. This analysis also included a discussion on how the support dynamic magnification coefficients vary with different periodic characteristics of the equipment-support assembly systems. The study findings indicate that, within the scope of this study, the support dynamic magnification coefficient tends to increase as the combined or overall period of the equipment-support system increases. Notably, when the total system period exceeds Tg, the seismic response of the system remains at a relatively high level, significantly exceeding the reference values set by design spectra and clearly surpassing the conservative 1.2 limit established by present guidelines, thus implying a potential underestimate of safety margins. Therefore, it is proposed that the support dynamic magnification coefficient for porcelain cylindrical electrical equipment should optimally not be less than 2.0, and concurrently, the frequency of the supports should not be belower than 30 Hz to ensure enhanced seismic safety measures.

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地震中瓷柱型电气设备的损坏是电力供应中断的重要原因。准确评估瓷柱型电气设备的抗震性能是评估电力系统抗震能力的重要基础,而支架动力放大系数取值的合理性对评估瓷柱型电气设备抗震性能的准确性有着重要影响。为了得到瓷柱型电气设备支架动力放大系数,文中选取了隔离开关、电压互感器及电流互感器等3种瓷柱型电气设备,开展了设备-支架系统的振动台试验,得到了不同地震动和峰值地面加速度作用下的支架动力放大系数。在此基础上,采用有限元方法,分析了支架刚度等参数对设备-支架系统自振频率的影响,讨论了不同周期的设备支架体系的支架动力放大系数。结果表明:在研究的范围内,支架的动力放大系数随着设备支架整体周期的增加而增加,当设备-支架的整体周期大于Tg时,系统的整体地震响应仍然处于较高的水平,明显高于设计谱谱值,且远大于规范规定的1.2,当前规范的放大系数取值保守,建议瓷柱型电气设备的支架动力放大系数取值不宜小于2.0,支架频率不宜小于30 Hz。

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柏文(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:
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孙刚(1997—),男,博士研究生,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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孙刚(1997—),男,博士研究生,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=图5, caption=电压互感器支架顶端加速度响应, figureFileSmall=dumWcyB+Q4andFDpqqC3EA==, figureFileBig=FfAofjDAWcrN3puU3zzOKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802957675631349, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Acceleration response at the top of current transformer support, figureFileSmall=AY/uDabX6587zQ6p5E7unw==, figureFileBig=JZa7M5wvu+/v7e7U7QXpqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802957759517438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=图6, caption=电流互感器支架顶端加速度响应, figureFileSmall=AY/uDabX6587zQ6p5E7unw==, figureFileBig=JZa7M5wvu+/v7e7U7QXpqg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802957889540868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Distribution diagram of the power amplification factors of the support, figureFileSmall=U8vOZaOYHFCcsWxquK1XOA==, figureFileBig=oo3k1IzszolDREnt05QsFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802958053118729, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=图7, caption=支架动力放大系数分布图, figureFileSmall=U8vOZaOYHFCcsWxquK1XOA==, figureFileBig=oo3k1IzszolDREnt05QsFg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802958166364941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Finite element models of the three types of devices, figureFileSmall=xJo08mIpUwBOsaNkKIYydQ==, figureFileBig=Vv7jHCsMBftmtUHlVjugjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802958292194074, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=图8, caption=3种设备有限元模型, figureFileSmall=xJo08mIpUwBOsaNkKIYydQ==, figureFileBig=Vv7jHCsMBftmtUHlVjugjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802958384468767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Comparison of simulation and test time histories for disconnector switch, figureFileSmall=vIT9FmmtuSkTh9W+V8Cvxw==, figureFileBig=oBfvM3zY3ADT7Nv8kzQQbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802958489326372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=图9, caption=隔离开关模拟与试验时程对比, figureFileSmall=vIT9FmmtuSkTh9W+V8Cvxw==, figureFileBig=oBfvM3zY3ADT7Nv8kzQQbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802958556435242, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Comparison of simulation and test time histories for potential transformer, figureFileSmall=POySgLGglN5jzv4AJi6wAw==, figureFileBig=KbmseL8MVVcp2Su5nCN+JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802958640321329, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=图10, caption=电压互感器模拟与试验时程对比, figureFileSmall=POySgLGglN5jzv4AJi6wAw==, figureFileBig=KbmseL8MVVcp2Su5nCN+JQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802958732596023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Comparison of simulation and test time histories for current transformer, figureFileSmall=nrTOeh/7Sk3EfAW9wBU+3w==, figureFileBig=FqJIOgtBVrCq7PQHMU2IbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802958871008060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=图11, caption=电流互感器模拟与试验时程对比, figureFileSmall=nrTOeh/7Sk3EfAW9wBU+3w==, figureFileBig=FqJIOgtBVrCq7PQHMU2IbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802958959088451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Support frequency-overall cycle variation, figureFileSmall=CALG9KgZLWveZXzNw05lEA==, figureFileBig=vNnUr0ElVgazDlVNvuyuxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802959055557451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=图12, caption=支架频率-整体周期变化, figureFileSmall=CALG9KgZLWveZXzNw05lEA==, figureFileBig=vNnUr0ElVgazDlVNvuyuxQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802959147832147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=El Centro ground motion support amplification factor, figureFileSmall=alfmh484l1/N+6HSaZYDWw==, figureFileBig=UDOwizmWZr7ivCxq56AFQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802959277855581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=图13, caption=El Centro地震动支架放大系数, figureFileSmall=alfmh484l1/N+6HSaZYDWw==, figureFileBig=UDOwizmWZr7ivCxq56AFQQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802959395296105, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Wolong ground motion support amplification factor, figureFileSmall=pgYpYp4FqOiQaeXnLIOp3Q==, figureFileBig=5qJzTmxz9dkkQmHNuq83nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802959483376495, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=图14, caption=Wolong地震动支架放大系数, figureFileSmall=pgYpYp4FqOiQaeXnLIOp3Q==, figureFileBig=5qJzTmxz9dkkQmHNuq83nw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802959609205624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=R1 ground motion support amplification factor, figureFileSmall=+PFY7wRgzTohxR0JMiaGYw==, figureFileBig=/CBIivewJRjaMEG8GFEKqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802959722451841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=图15, caption=R1地震动支架放大系数, figureFileSmall=+PFY7wRgzTohxR0JMiaGYw==, figureFileBig=/CBIivewJRjaMEG8GFEKqQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802959839892361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Fig. 16, caption=Potential transformer spectrum, figureFileSmall=aBYZWjYEXP/PbXZLS9ecOg==, figureFileBig=qlOI68Wcy6K1MoytXEgG1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802959940555668, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=图16, caption=电压互感器频谱, figureFileSmall=aBYZWjYEXP/PbXZLS9ecOg==, figureFileBig=qlOI68Wcy6K1MoytXEgG1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802960041218969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Device and support parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备名称高度/mm质量/kg支架直径/mm支架厚度/mm支架高度/mm
隔离开关30401010325102000
电压互感器3400750426102000
电流互感器3800790426102000
), ArticleFig(id=1241802960141882277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

设备及支架参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备名称高度/mm质量/kg支架直径/mm支架厚度/mm支架高度/mm
隔离开关30401010325102000
电压互感器3400750426102000
电流互感器3800790426102000
), ArticleFig(id=1241802960242545580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Frequencies and damping radios of the three types of devices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备名称频率/Hz阻尼比
隔离开关3.310.028
电压互感器4.410.032
电流互感器3.010.031
), ArticleFig(id=1241802960339014578, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

3种设备的频率与阻尼比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备名称频率/Hz阻尼比
隔离开关3.310.028
电压互感器4.410.032
电流互感器3.010.031
), ArticleFig(id=1241802960452260793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Support dynamic amplification factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入地震动隔离开关电压互感器电流互感器输入地震动隔离开关电压互感器电流互感器输入地震动隔离开关电压互感器电流互感器
El Centro(0.1 g2.472.241.44Wolong(0.2 g2.012.521.95Loma Prieta(0.3 g2.252.331.13
El Centro(0.2 g2.061.911.35Wolong(0.3 g2.072.611.93R1(0.1 g2.461.811.56
El Centro(0.3 g2.041.961.57Kobe(0.1 g2.172.322.20R1(0.2 g2.252.081.67
Northridge(0.1 g2.612.471.14Kobe(0.2 g1.722.051.69R1(0.3 g2.291.781.62
Northridge(0.2 g2.622.681.47Kobe(0.3 g1.612.351.49R2(0.1 g2.042.171.70
Northridge(0.3 g2.503.432.16Loma Prieta(0.1 g2.112.111.09R2(0.2 g1.822.741.25
Wolong(0.1 g2.012.411.71Loma Prieta(0.2 g1.842.290.89R2(0.3 g1.882.661.25
), ArticleFig(id=1241802960569701310, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

支架动力放大系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入地震动隔离开关电压互感器电流互感器输入地震动隔离开关电压互感器电流互感器输入地震动隔离开关电压互感器电流互感器
El Centro(0.1 g2.472.241.44Wolong(0.2 g2.012.521.95Loma Prieta(0.3 g2.252.331.13
El Centro(0.2 g2.061.911.35Wolong(0.3 g2.072.611.93R1(0.1 g2.461.811.56
El Centro(0.3 g2.041.961.57Kobe(0.1 g2.172.322.20R1(0.2 g2.252.081.67
Northridge(0.1 g2.612.471.14Kobe(0.2 g1.722.051.69R1(0.3 g2.291.781.62
Northridge(0.2 g2.622.681.47Kobe(0.3 g1.612.351.49R2(0.1 g2.042.171.70
Northridge(0.3 g2.503.432.16Loma Prieta(0.1 g2.112.111.09R2(0.2 g1.822.741.25
Wolong(0.1 g2.012.411.71Loma Prieta(0.2 g1.842.290.89R2(0.3 g1.882.661.25
), ArticleFig(id=1241802960666170307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Model material parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料弹性模量/GPa密度/(kg/m3泊松比
Q235钢21078000.3
电工陶瓷9040700.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241802960766833607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

模型材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料弹性模量/GPa密度/(kg/m3泊松比
Q235钢21078000.3
电工陶瓷9040700.3
), ArticleFig(id=1241802960901051342, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Comparison of simulation and test device parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备参数模拟试验误差/%
隔离开关频率/Hz3.213.313.02
质量/kg105610104.55
电压互感器频率/Hz4.484.411.59
质量/kg7227503.73
电流互感器频率/Hz3.083.012.33
质量/kg8057901.90
), ArticleFig(id=1241802961022686164, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

模拟与试验设备参数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
设备参数模拟试验误差/%
隔离开关频率/Hz3.213.313.02
质量/kg105610104.55
电压互感器频率/Hz4.484.411.59
质量/kg7227503.73
电流互感器频率/Hz3.083.012.33
质量/kg8057901.90
), ArticleFig(id=1241802961127543772, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of support amplification coefficients between simulation and test for disconnector switch

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入地震动模拟值试验值误差/%
El Centro(0.1 g2.082.4715.79
El Centro(0.2 g2.082.060.97
El Centro(0.3 g2.082.041.96
Wolong(0.1 g1.952.012.99
Wolong(0.2 g1.962.012.49
Wolong(0.3 g1.952.075.80
R1(0.1 g2.182.4611.38
R1(0.2 g2.182.253.11
R1(0.3 g2.182.294.80
), ArticleFig(id=1241802961274344421, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

隔离开关模拟与试验支架放大系数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入地震动模拟值试验值误差/%
El Centro(0.1 g2.082.4715.79
El Centro(0.2 g2.082.060.97
El Centro(0.3 g2.082.041.96
Wolong(0.1 g1.952.012.99
Wolong(0.2 g1.962.012.49
Wolong(0.3 g1.952.075.80
R1(0.1 g2.182.4611.38
R1(0.2 g2.182.253.11
R1(0.3 g2.182.294.80
), ArticleFig(id=1241802961366619113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of support amplification coefficients between simulation and test for potential transformer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入地震动模拟值试验值误差/%
El Centro(0.1 g1.922.2414.29
El Centro(0.2 g1.921.910.52
El Centro(0.3 g1.921.962.04
Wolong(0.1 g2.482.412.90
Wolong(0.2 g2.482.521.59
Wolong(0.3 g2.482.614.98
R1(0.1 g1.811.810
R1(0.2 g1.812.0812.98
R1(0.3 g1.811.781.69
), ArticleFig(id=1241802961454699503, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

电压互感器模拟与试验支架放大系数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入地震动模拟值试验值误差/%
El Centro(0.1 g1.922.2414.29
El Centro(0.2 g1.921.910.52
El Centro(0.3 g1.921.962.04
Wolong(0.1 g2.482.412.90
Wolong(0.2 g2.482.521.59
Wolong(0.3 g2.482.614.98
R1(0.1 g1.811.810
R1(0.2 g1.812.0812.98
R1(0.3 g1.811.781.69
), ArticleFig(id=1241802961567945721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Comparison of support amplification coefficients between simulation and test for current transformer

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入地震动模拟值试验值误差/%
El Centro(0.1 g1.491.443.47
El Centro(0.2 g1.491.3510.37
El Centro(0.3 g1.491.575.10
Wolong(0.1 g1.851.718.19
Wolong(0.2 g1.851.955.13
Wolong(0.3 g1.851.934.15
R1(0.1 g1.601.562.56
R1(0.2 g1.601.674.19
R1(0.3 g1.601.621.23
), ArticleFig(id=1241802961689580539, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786737429643677, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

电流互感器模拟与试验支架放大系数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入地震动模拟值试验值误差/%
El Centro(0.1 g1.491.443.47
El Centro(0.2 g1.491.3510.37
El Centro(0.3 g1.491.575.10
Wolong(0.1 g1.851.718.19
Wolong(0.2 g1.851.955.13
Wolong(0.3 g1.851.934.15
R1(0.1 g1.601.562.56
R1(0.2 g1.601.674.19
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瓷柱型电气设备支架地震响应动力放大系数研究
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孙刚 1, 2 , 柏文 1, 2 , 戴君武 1, 2 , 赵霄扬 1, 2
地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025,45(1): 121-131
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地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025, 45(1): 121-131
瓷柱型电气设备支架地震响应动力放大系数研究
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孙刚1, 2 , 柏文1, 2 , 戴君武1, 2, 赵霄扬1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 孙刚(1997—),男,博士研究生,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

柏文(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:
Study on seismic dynamic amplification factor of porcelain cylindrical electrical equipment support
Gang SUN1, 2 , Wen BAI1, 2 , Junwu DAI1, 2, Xiaoyang ZHAO1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0113
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地震中瓷柱型电气设备的损坏是电力供应中断的重要原因。准确评估瓷柱型电气设备的抗震性能是评估电力系统抗震能力的重要基础,而支架动力放大系数取值的合理性对评估瓷柱型电气设备抗震性能的准确性有着重要影响。为了得到瓷柱型电气设备支架动力放大系数,文中选取了隔离开关、电压互感器及电流互感器等3种瓷柱型电气设备,开展了设备-支架系统的振动台试验,得到了不同地震动和峰值地面加速度作用下的支架动力放大系数。在此基础上,采用有限元方法,分析了支架刚度等参数对设备-支架系统自振频率的影响,讨论了不同周期的设备支架体系的支架动力放大系数。结果表明:在研究的范围内,支架的动力放大系数随着设备支架整体周期的增加而增加,当设备-支架的整体周期大于Tg时,系统的整体地震响应仍然处于较高的水平,明显高于设计谱谱值,且远大于规范规定的1.2,当前规范的放大系数取值保守,建议瓷柱型电气设备的支架动力放大系数取值不宜小于2.0,支架频率不宜小于30 Hz。

瓷柱型电气设备  /  振动台试验  /  支架动力放大系数  /  地震  /  自振频率

The failure of porcelain cylindrical electrical equipment during earthquakes is a key factor contributing to power supply outages. The meticulous assessment of the seismic resistance of these devices is a foundational requirement for accurately gauging the overall seismic robustness of power systems. The judicious choice of the support dynamic magnification coefficient plays a crucial role in precisely appraising the seismic behavior of porcelain cylindrical electrical equipment. In this research, to derive the support dynamic magnification coefficients for these devices, vibration tests were carried out on three main types of porcelain cylindrical electrical installations: in cluding disconnect switches, voltage transformers, and current transformers, all of which were evaluated as integrated units with their respective support structures under various seismic excitations and different peak ground acceleration levels. Based on these empirical results, finite element analysis was used to examine the effect of parameters such as the stiffness of supports on the natural frequencies of the equipment-to-support system configurations. This analysis also included a discussion on how the support dynamic magnification coefficients vary with different periodic characteristics of the equipment-support assembly systems. The study findings indicate that, within the scope of this study, the support dynamic magnification coefficient tends to increase as the combined or overall period of the equipment-support system increases. Notably, when the total system period exceeds Tg, the seismic response of the system remains at a relatively high level, significantly exceeding the reference values set by design spectra and clearly surpassing the conservative 1.2 limit established by present guidelines, thus implying a potential underestimate of safety margins. Therefore, it is proposed that the support dynamic magnification coefficient for porcelain cylindrical electrical equipment should optimally not be less than 2.0, and concurrently, the frequency of the supports should not be belower than 30 Hz to ensure enhanced seismic safety measures.

porcelain cylindrical electrical equipment  /  shaking table test  /  support dynamic magnification coefficient  /  earthquake  /  natural vibration frequency
孙刚, 柏文, 戴君武, 赵霄扬. 瓷柱型电气设备支架地震响应动力放大系数研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (1) : 121 -131 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0113
Gang SUN, Wen BAI, Junwu DAI, Xiaoyang ZHAO. Study on seismic dynamic amplification factor of porcelain cylindrical electrical equipment support[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (1) : 121 -131 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0113
电力系统是生命线工程的重要环节,瓷柱型电气设备是电力系统的重要组成部分,保障瓷柱型电气设备的正常工作对生命线工程运行至关重要。近年来发生的多次强震对瓷柱型电气设备造成了严重的损坏[1]。2008年我国汶川地震造成瓷柱型电气设备出现断裂倾倒、本体变形等损伤,共有405.07 万用户供电受到影响,直接经济损失71 亿元[2-3]。2010年智利第二大城市康塞普西翁发生里氏8.8级地震造成瓷柱型电气设备大量损毁,导致中部电网停止工作[4-5]。2013年我国芦山地震电网系统遭受严重损伤,大量互感器与避雷器断裂,雅安地区近12.6 万户停电[6-7]
瓷柱型电气设备结构瘦高,设备质量较大、支架质量相对较小,设备元件之间通过法兰连接,设备的套管和绝缘子为脆性陶瓷材料构成,与其他材料连接处变形不协调,设备的自振频率与地震动卓越频率相近,是造成设备在地震中大量损毁的主要原因[8-20]。为研究并降低瓷柱型电气设备震害,国内外学者进行了大量的振动台试验。林森等[21-22]对瓷柱型电气设备及加装减震器的瓷柱型电气设备结构进行了振动台试验研究,试验结果表明,减震器可有效降低设备的应力、加速度和顶部相对位移,且地震动峰值加速度越高,减震器表现出的减震效果越显著。孙宇晗等[23-24]对1100 kV复合外绝缘套管进行了地震模拟振动台试验,试验结果表明,底部支柱绝缘子和套管连接部件是设备抗震性能的薄弱环节,应在设计阶段增强绝缘子和连接部位的结构强度,从而提高设备的整体抗震性能。卢智成等[25]对特高压TYD1000型电容式电压互感器进行了地震模拟振动台试验,结果表明,在地震波激励作用下,瓷套与金属法兰之间连接的水泥胶装部位出现塑性变形或损伤,对该类型设备进行抗震能力评估时,需要考虑非线性特征。
瓷柱型电气设备一般安装在一定高度的支架上,支架会对传递到电气设备上的地震作用有一定的放大[26-28]。我国标准GB 50260—2013《电力设施抗震设计规范》[29]6.2.6条规定:当支架设计参数缺乏时,对于预期安装在室外、室内底层、地下洞内、地下变电站底层地面上或低矮支架上的电气设施,其支架的动力反应放大系数的取值不宜小于1.2,且支架设计应保证其动力反应放大系数不大于取值。日本JEAG 5003—2019《变电所等电气设备抗震设计指南》[30]5.5节中规定:对于重要性较高的设备,支架的放大系数为1.5;地面振动不敏感设备支架放大系数为1.0。美国IEEE 693—2018[31]5.10节规定:当支架尺寸等信息缺乏时,支架动力放大系数取2.5;当得知支架具体信息时,建议通过分析与试验相结合的方式对设备的抗震性能进行评定。首先通过建立完整的与实际一致的支架与设备有限元模型,分析得到设备与支架连接处的加速度时程曲线,以此作为支架与设备抗震试验的输入时程,为考虑未知的不确定性,并对该输入乘以1.1的放大系数。欧盟IEC 61463—2016附录B中给出:对于常见的支架结构,其动力放大系数一般在1.5~3.0之间[32-33]
针对支架对设备的影响,国内外学者做了大量的研究。MOHAMMADI等[34]评估了不同支架设备组合的动力放大系数,与IEEE 693中的目标动力放大系数进行了比较,得到了支架-设备的最小刚度比。LI等[35]通过对支架设备体系进行时程、模态和参数分析,研究了支架结构对设备的弯矩和位移影响,给出了钢支架的抗弯刚度取值方法。WHITTAKER等[36]根据试验数据建立了隔离开关绝缘子柱的单自由度模型,分析了开关安装在不同高度和刚度的支架上的放大效应。李黎等[37]基于支架-设备体系的特性,提出了一种考虑分布参数的2E-4D简化模型,用于分析刚度比、高度比等特征参数对该体系动力特性的影响,结果表明支架对上部设备的响应有明显的放大效应,且放大系数大于1.2。姜斌等[38]针对设备-支架耦合体系提出了考虑分布参数和柔性节点的串联体系模型,分析了不同参数对体系动力特性及地震响应的影响,认为支架存在一个最优刚度比,提高体系抗震性能的同时兼顾经济性。程永锋等[39]通过对特高压电气设备数值分析,得出不同参数对支架动力放大系数的影响规律,给出了支架动力放大系数不宜小于1.4,支架频率宜控制在15~20 Hz的建议。陈巍等[40]采用有限元方法对单柱电瓷型高压电气支架设备进行了时程分析和谱分析,建议电气设备支架动力放大系数在1.24以上。
我国现行规范设定的电气设备支架动力放大系数相较于欧美日等国家的相关规范偏低。近年来,在实际地震灾害中暴露出的瓷柱型电气设备大量损毁的现象,进一步印证了我国规范中对该支架动力放大系数取值的局限性。目前,对于瓷柱型电气设备支架地震响应动力放大系数研究多采用有限元方法,振动台试验研究较少。本文首先选取了户外敞开式变电站中3种常见的瓷柱型电气设备作为研究对象,开展了设备-支架振动台试验,得到了不同地震动激励以及不同地震动输入地震峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration,PGA)激励作用下的支架动力放大系数,然后建立设备-支架有限元模型,通过与试验结果对比确保模型的准确性,研究支架-设备的刚度比对支架动力放大系数的影响,给出支架动力放大系数以及支架设计频率的取值范围。
互感器和隔离开关是变电站中常见的瓷柱型的电气设备。本文试验中采用实际的220 kV双柱水平伸缩式户外高压隔离开关、220 kV电压互感器以及220 kV电流互感器,3种电气设备现场安装图如图1所示。隔离开关动侧由法兰连接的2节旋转瓷瓶、2节支柱瓷瓶和导电杆组成;电流互感器由1节支柱瓷瓶、油箱及油量观察窗组成;电压互感器由油箱,法兰连接的2节旋转瓷瓶组成,3种电气设备均坐落在圆钢管柱上。
3种电气设备质量、高度及钢管柱尺寸如表1所示。
3种瓷柱型电气设备-支架振动台试验关键的测量指标主要包括三个方面:加速度监测、位移监测以及应变测量。其中,加速度测量环节具体细分为对支架顶部和设备顶部的加速度测定,采用的是三轴向加速度传感器,能够同时获取3个方向的加速度数据。位移测量主要为设备顶端X向和Y向位移测量,对于每一台试验设备的顶部,均配置了一个沿X轴和一个沿Y轴的拉线位移传感器。考虑到瓷柱型设备通常在瓷瓶根部易于出现断裂的情况,试验过程中特意在设备瓷瓶根部对称位置粘贴了4片应变片,以便实时捕捉到可能发生的局部应力集中和应变变化情况。试验时传感器布置图如图2所示。
本次试验在中国地震局工程力学研究所地震工程与工程振动重点实验室进行,使用尺寸为5 m ×5 m的振动台,该振动台的工作频率为0.5~40 Hz,满载承载力为300 kN。在满载条件下,台面水平方向满载最大加速度为1.0 g,在竖直方向上的最大加速度则为0.7 g
国家标准GB 50260—2013《电力设施抗震设计规范》[29]建议采用反应谱建立用于鉴定变电站设备的地震动。设计需求谱是一个综合了多种因素的平均结果,要选择在整个频带与设计需求谱都很相近的强震记录是难以实现的,因此只能选择主要频段内与设计需求谱相近的强震记录[41-42]。本次试验选择了4条实际强震记录和3条人工地震。4条实际强震记录分别为El Centro地震动、Kobe地震动、Northridge地震动及Wolong地震动。El Centro地震动和Kobe地震动为中长周期地震动,Northridge地震动和Wolong地震动为短周期地震动。3条人工地震动根据GB 50260—2013《电力设施抗震设计规范》[29]场地特征周期取为0.40 s,阻尼比为0.05的设计谱生成,其中Loma Prieta地震动由实际强震记录Loma Prieta地震记录调整生成,R1地震动和R2地震动为依据设计谱生成。所选7条地震动X向反应谱如图3所示。
GB 50260—2013《电力设施抗震设计规范》[29]无三向地震动输入PGA的比例,所以本次试验所选地震动输入采用IEEE 693—2018[31]中规定的水平和竖向相互正交的三向输入,输入PGA的比例为1∶1∶0.8。7条地震动输入PGA从0.1 g调幅至0.3 g
本文主要研究瓷柱型电气设备的支架地震响应动力放大系数,所以本文重点讨论不同设备的支架顶端加速度情况。
通过输入PGA为0.08 g的三向白噪声,测得3种设备的频率以及阻尼比,3种设备的频率与阻尼比如表2所示。
隔离开关因其体积较大且材质特性,其自振频率相对较低。这主要是由于隔离开关主体结构多由陶瓷和铝合金材料构成,不含油箱,相较于电压互感器和电流互感器,其内部阻尼效果略显不足。电流互感器的构造特点决定了其自振频率更低。不同于隔离开关,电流互感器往往在其顶部设置有油箱,这样的结构布局导致其重心较高,自振频率最低。
3种设备在Wolong地震动,输入PGA为0.3 g时,支架顶端加速度响应如图4~图6所示。由图可知,支架顶端的加速度峰值远大于输入地震动峰值,表明支架对设备的地震动作用有放大效应。
为定量分析支架对设备动力作用放大效应,定义支架对设备动力放大系数为
式中:η为支架对设备动力放大系数;为支架顶端加速度峰值(cm/s2);为输入地震动峰值(cm/s2)。
3种设备在不同地震动、不同输入峰值激励作用下的支架动力放大系数如表3所示,支架动力放大系数的正态分布的箱型图如图7所示。
表3图7可知,隔离开关的支架动力放大系数的中位数为2.07,上四分位数为2.38,下四分位数为1.95;电压互感器的支架动力放大系数中位数为2.32,上四分位数为2.57,下四分位数为2.07;电流互感器的支架动力放大系数中位数为1.56,上四分位数为1.70,下四分位数为1.25。虽然电压互感器的自振频率高于电流互感器的自振频率,但电压互感器的支架动力放大系数远大于电流互感器的支架动力放大系数,其原因为电压互感器的油箱位于底部,支架顶部有集中质量,因此电压互感器的放大系数更大,所以设备的支架动力放大系数与设备自身的质量分布有关。
由试验得到的3种设备的支架放大系数可知,无论是支架动力系数的中位数,还是下四分位数都大于我国GB 50260—2013《电力设施抗震设计规范》[29]中规定的支架动力放大系数1.2,而试验中所选用的支架的直径与壁厚大于实际工程中普遍使用的支架规格,鉴于此结果,为确保瓷柱型电气设备-支架体系的安全性,有必要对现行规范中的支架动力放大系数做出上调。
为研究支架对支架-设备体系动力放大系数的影响的机理,对支架-体系进行有限元模拟。
本文采用ANSYS软件建立设备的有限元模型,如图8所示。有限元模型由支架、绝缘子套管、油箱和法兰等部件构成。所有部件均采用壳单元建立,油体采用等效质量单元均匀附加在箱体。支架与法兰等金属部件均采用Q235钢材,绝缘子套管等均采用电工陶瓷,具体材料性能参数如表4所示。
为验证有限元模型的正确性,通过对比设备的频率和质量等参数进行验证。模拟与试验设备参数对比如表5所示。
表5可知,3种设备的质量和频率模拟结果与试验结果相差不大,误差均小于5%,结果显示,有限元模型与试验模型之间的一致性得到了验证。
为进一步验证有限元模型的准确性,本文选取了试验地震动中El Centro地震动、Wolong地震动及R1地震动进行了有限元模型的动力特性分析。在Wolong地震动,输入PGA为0.1 g时,支架顶端模拟与试验加速度时程对比如图9~图11所示。
图9~图11可知,支架顶端的模拟加速度时程曲线和试验得到的加速度时程曲线波形基本一致,且峰值也相差不大。
隔离开关、电压互感器和电流互感器在3条地震动激励作用下的支架顶端动力放大系数模拟结果与试验结果对比如表6~表8所示。
表6~表8可知,随着输入地震动的加速度峰值的增加,支架的动力放大系数模拟值并没有改变,其原因是输入强度未达到使设备-支架体系进入塑性阶段的程度,目前体系仍处于弹性响应范围,因此,支架顶端的加速度峰值与输入地震动的加速度峰值是线性关系,所以支架的动力放大系数模拟值基本没有变化。试验得到的支架动力放大系数主要因为试验过程中振动台噪声干扰和一定的随机性,导致支架放大系数有一定的波动。除去几个试验中的几个异常值,模拟得到的支架顶端动力放大系数与试验结果误差最大在8%左右,模拟结果与试验结果误差不大。
综合有限元模型与试验模型的质量、频率以及动力分析的结果,误差较小,验证了有限元模型模拟结果的可信性。
建立单独支架的有限元模型,通过改变钢管柱的直径和厚度改变支架的频率,然后在设备-支架整体有限元模型中改变支架的直径及厚度,支架直径与厚度改变的大小与单独支架的有限元模型相对应,用以研究支架频率的改变对设备-支架整体周期的影响。支架频率与设备-支架整体周期之间的关系如图12所示。
图12可知,随着支架频率的增加,3种电气设备-支架的整体周期呈现下降的趋势,支架频率越低,下降趋势越明显。当支架的频率超过100 Hz时,设备-支架的整体周期趋于稳定,由于支架频率超过100 Hz时,支架趋于刚体,所以支架-设备体系的整体周期主要取决于设备自身的周期,而设备自身的周期为一个定值。
改变设备-支架的整体周期,在输入地震动PGA为0.1 g时,支架的动力放大系数如图13~图15所示。
图中设计谱GB 50260—2013《电力设施抗震设计规范》[29]中给定的地震影响系数曲线,其中地震影响系数最大值按照输入PGA为0.1 g时取0.25,场地特征周期取为0.40 s,阻尼比为0.05。由图13~图15可知,随着设备-支架的整体周期的增加,支架的动力系数是逐渐增大的。支架的动力放大系数不仅与整体周期有关,同时也与激励地震动的频谱特性相关,整体周期位于激励地震动卓越周期附近时,支架放大系数是最大的。
按照我国规范中给出的支架动力放大系数1.2,此时的隔离开关的整体周期要低于0.22 s,电压互感器的整体周期要低于0.14 s,电流互感器的整体周期要低于0.22 s,即图13~图15中对应的最左侧的点,而此时要求支架的频率必须高于50 Hz,使得支架的直径与壁厚远超过常规支架,极大地增加了建造成本,实际工程中难以实现。
当设备-支架的整体周期远离地震动的卓越周期时,支架动力放大系数略有降低,但仍大于设计谱的谱值。由图16电压互感器的傅里叶频谱图可知,不仅主振型的频谱值较高,高阶振型的频谱值也较大。设计谱是基于单自由度结构动力反应得到的,而实际结构往往是多自由度结构,到结构周期变大时,高阶振型的参与加大了支架的动力放大效应,导致在结构周期较高时支架动力放大系数大于反应谱谱值。
为了兼顾瓷柱型电气设备和支架的安全性与经济性,综合试验与有限元模拟结果,建议当下部支架尺寸无法确定,需要开展不带支架的瓷柱型电气设备的抗震性能进行分析时,支架的动力放大系数取值不宜小于2.0,而此时对应的支架的频率低于30 Hz。在开展设备抗震分析时,宜同时对支架进行设计,按照电压等级给出必要的支架高度、直径和壁厚等参数,以保证支架的频率不宜小于30 Hz。
针对当前变电站常见的瓷柱型电气设备类型,本文选取了3种典型瓷柱型电气设备,开展了设备-支架系统的振动台试验和有限元分析,研究了设备的支架地震动力放大系数。得出以下主要结论:
1)本文三类设备的支架平均放大系数为1.52~2.40,且重心低的电气设备的支架动力放大系数要大于重心高的设备的支架动力放大系数。随着支架的频率的增加,设备-支架的整体周期逐渐降低,然后趋于稳定;支架的动力放大系数随着设备-支架的整体周期增加而增加,在地震动卓越周期附近时最大。GB 50260—2013《电力设施抗震设计规范》中支架动力放大系数的取值为1.2,明显偏低。在后续的规范修订中应调整该系数,以提高设备的抗震要求,进而保障设备在地震时的安全以及电力的正常供应。
2)对于瓷柱型电气设备的抗震性能分析,宜根据工程情况开展支架-设备的整体分析,当下部支架尺寸无法确定,需要开展不带支架的瓷柱型电气设备的抗震性能进行分析时,支架的动力放大系数取值不宜小于2.0。
3)实际工程中,支架的高度相对容易确定,其直接与设备电压等级等相关。支架的直径和壁厚等参数往往取值偏小。当支架动力放大系数取值不小于2.0,在开展设备抗震分析时,宜同时对支架进行设计,按照电压等级给出必要的支架高度、直径和壁厚等参数,以保证支架的频率不宜小于30 Hz。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52008382)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0113
  • 接收时间:2023-11-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-16
  • 修回日期:2024-03-18
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国家自然科学基金项目(52008382)
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    1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
    2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080

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柏文(1990—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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