Article(id=1241786728873268097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0107, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705334400000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-16, revisedDate=1711382400000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773994627445, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773994627445, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773994627445, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994627445, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241786727631754095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='235', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773994627149, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996954801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=61, endPage=73, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241786729066206085, articleId=1241786728873268097, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Research on latticed long-stroke shape memory alloy restrainer, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to limit the excessive relative displacement between pier and beam, a latticed long-stroke restrainer(LLSR) based on shape memory alloy (SMA) bar is proposed on the basis of single long-stroke shape memory alloy restrainer (LSR). The device consists of SMA alloy bar with excellent superelasticity and re-centering performance, MC nylon, steel pipes and strips or plates. SMA bars can consume ground motion energy and provide re-centering capability. The MC nylon and steel pipe form an anti-buckling system to prevent the SMA bar from buckling under pressure. Firstly, the structure and working mechanism of single long-stroke shape memory alloy damper and lattice long-stroke shape memory alloy damper are described. Secondly, the tensile test of SMA bars under different heat treatment temperature was carried out to determine the SMA bar with the best superelasticity, which was then used as the inner core of the LSR. Then, the axial tension and compression experiment of a single LSR was conducted to further study its mechanical properties. Finally, based on the experimental data of the LSR and the finite element software of ABAQUS, the numerical analysis and parameter analysis of the LLSR were carried out, and the corresponding design method was proposed according to the results of numerical analysis and parameter analysis. The research shows that LLSR not only has stable energy dissipation capacity but also has good re-centering ability.

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为限制墩梁间过大的相对位移,在单根大行程形状记忆合金限位装置(long-stroke shape memory alloy restrainer,LSR)的基础上,拟提出一种基于形状记忆合金棒的格构式大行程限位装置(latticed long-stroke restrainer,LLSR)。该装置由具有良好超弹性能和自复位性能的形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)棒、MC尼龙、钢管和缀条或者缀板组成。SMA棒可消耗地震动能量并提供自复位能力;MC尼龙和钢管构成防屈曲体系,可防止SMA棒在受压时发生屈曲。首先,阐明单根大行程形状记忆合金阻尼器和格构式大行程形状记忆合金阻尼器的构造和工作机理;其次,对不同热处理温度下的SMA棒进行拉伸试验,确定超弹性能最好的SMA棒,以超弹性能最好的SMA棒作为LSR的内芯,接着开展单根LSR的轴向拉压试验,进一步研究其力学性能;最后,以LSR试验数据为基础,并且基于ABAQUS有限元软件,对LLSR进行数值分析和参数分析,以数值分析和参数分析的结果为依据提出相应的设计方法。研究表明,LLSR不仅具有稳定的耗能能力,还有良好的自复位能力。

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曹飒飒(1982—),男,博士,主要从事桥梁抗震研究。E-mail:
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李永河(1970—),男,副教授,硕士,主要从事桥梁结构性能评估研究。E-mail:

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李永河(1970—),男,副教授,硕士,主要从事桥梁结构性能评估研究。E-mail:

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LSR geometric dimensions

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dbarDbardplasticDtubeLexLbarLtube
12163242112.51 0001 100
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LSR几何尺寸

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dbarDbardplasticDtubeLexLbarLtube
12163242112.51 0001 100
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Material parameters of steel pipes and MC nylon

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材料弹性模量/GPa强度/MPa泊松比υ密度/(kg/m3
A36级钢200.03000.307 800
工程塑料尼龙31.9900.381 150
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钢管和MC尼龙的材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料弹性模量/GPa强度/MPa泊松比υ密度/(kg/m3
A36级钢200.03000.307 800
工程塑料尼龙31.9900.381 150
), ArticleFig(id=1241802967515463718, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728873268097, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Material parameters of SMA bars

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参数名称数值参数名称数值
奥氏体弹性模量EA/GPa38δσ/δT卸载(δσ/δTU6.7
马氏体弹性模量EM/GPa38奥氏体起始应力/MPa251
奥氏体泊松比υA0.33奥氏体结束应力/MPa102
马氏体泊松比υM0.33压缩时马氏体起始应力/MPa605
最大转变应变εL0.045定义屈服曲线的应力应变对数量i2
δσ/δT加载(δσ/δTL6.7屈服曲线上的第1个应力点/MPa1 662
马氏体起始应力/MPa418屈服曲线上的第1个应变点ε10.07
马氏体结束应力/MPa517屈服曲线上的第2个应力点/MPa2 288
参考温度To/°C22屈服曲线上的第2个应变点ε20.208
), ArticleFig(id=1241802967599349801, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728873268097, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

SMA 棒的材料参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
参数名称数值参数名称数值
奥氏体弹性模量EA/GPa38δσ/δT卸载(δσ/δTU6.7
马氏体弹性模量EM/GPa38奥氏体起始应力/MPa251
奥氏体泊松比υA0.33奥氏体结束应力/MPa102
马氏体泊松比υM0.33压缩时马氏体起始应力/MPa605
最大转变应变εL0.045定义屈服曲线的应力应变对数量i2
δσ/δT加载(δσ/δTL6.7屈服曲线上的第1个应力点/MPa1 662
马氏体起始应力/MPa418屈服曲线上的第1个应变点ε10.07
马氏体结束应力/MPa517屈服曲线上的第2个应力点/MPa2 288
参考温度To/°C22屈服曲线上的第2个应变点ε20.208
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2238019120624583.2666
2445222755749183.2924
2653126705887083.3218
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格构式大行程形状记忆合金限位装置研究
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李永河 1 , 王国炎 1 , 党新志 2 , 曹飒飒 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025,45(1): 61-73
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地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025, 45(1): 61-73
格构式大行程形状记忆合金限位装置研究
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李永河1 , 王国炎1, 党新志2, 曹飒飒1
作者信息
  • 1.广州大学 土木与交通工程学院,广东 广州 510006
  • 2.同济大学 桥梁工程系,上海 200092
  • 李永河(1970—),男,副教授,硕士,主要从事桥梁结构性能评估研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

曹飒飒(1982—),男,博士,主要从事桥梁抗震研究。E-mail:
Research on latticed long-stroke shape memory alloy restrainer
Yonghe LI1 , Guoyan WANG1, Xinzhi DANG2, Sasa CAO1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
  • 2.Department of Bridge Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0107
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为限制墩梁间过大的相对位移,在单根大行程形状记忆合金限位装置(long-stroke shape memory alloy restrainer,LSR)的基础上,拟提出一种基于形状记忆合金棒的格构式大行程限位装置(latticed long-stroke restrainer,LLSR)。该装置由具有良好超弹性能和自复位性能的形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)棒、MC尼龙、钢管和缀条或者缀板组成。SMA棒可消耗地震动能量并提供自复位能力;MC尼龙和钢管构成防屈曲体系,可防止SMA棒在受压时发生屈曲。首先,阐明单根大行程形状记忆合金阻尼器和格构式大行程形状记忆合金阻尼器的构造和工作机理;其次,对不同热处理温度下的SMA棒进行拉伸试验,确定超弹性能最好的SMA棒,以超弹性能最好的SMA棒作为LSR的内芯,接着开展单根LSR的轴向拉压试验,进一步研究其力学性能;最后,以LSR试验数据为基础,并且基于ABAQUS有限元软件,对LLSR进行数值分析和参数分析,以数值分析和参数分析的结果为依据提出相应的设计方法。研究表明,LLSR不仅具有稳定的耗能能力,还有良好的自复位能力。

格构式  /  阻尼器  /  形状记忆合金  /  MC尼龙  /  试验  /  自复位

In order to limit the excessive relative displacement between pier and beam, a latticed long-stroke restrainer(LLSR) based on shape memory alloy (SMA) bar is proposed on the basis of single long-stroke shape memory alloy restrainer (LSR). The device consists of SMA alloy bar with excellent superelasticity and re-centering performance, MC nylon, steel pipes and strips or plates. SMA bars can consume ground motion energy and provide re-centering capability. The MC nylon and steel pipe form an anti-buckling system to prevent the SMA bar from buckling under pressure. Firstly, the structure and working mechanism of single long-stroke shape memory alloy damper and lattice long-stroke shape memory alloy damper are described. Secondly, the tensile test of SMA bars under different heat treatment temperature was carried out to determine the SMA bar with the best superelasticity, which was then used as the inner core of the LSR. Then, the axial tension and compression experiment of a single LSR was conducted to further study its mechanical properties. Finally, based on the experimental data of the LSR and the finite element software of ABAQUS, the numerical analysis and parameter analysis of the LLSR were carried out, and the corresponding design method was proposed according to the results of numerical analysis and parameter analysis. The research shows that LLSR not only has stable energy dissipation capacity but also has good re-centering ability.

lattice  /  damper  /  shape memory alloy  /  MC nylon  /  test  /  re-centering
李永河, 王国炎, 党新志, 曹飒飒. 格构式大行程形状记忆合金限位装置研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (1) : 61 -73 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0107
Yonghe LI, Guoyan WANG, Xinzhi DANG, Sasa CAO. Research on latticed long-stroke shape memory alloy restrainer[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (1) : 61 -73 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0107
历次地震灾害表明,大量梁式桥会发生支座残余位移、碰撞和落梁等震害,如1971年San Fernando地震、1999年集集地震、2008年汶川地震中的碰撞和落梁破坏等[1-4]。解决这些问题的办法有增大伸缩缝处的支承宽度、设置纵向限位器以及设置横向抗震挡块等[5-8]。其中,新型限位装置的研究对于减轻上述震害具有积极意义。
已有学者提出用黏弹性阻尼器和金属阻尼器来减小相邻桥跨之间的相对位移,具有较好的控制效果,但是缺乏自复位的功能,导致在震后需要对其进行更换[9-14]。超弹形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)是一种具有超弹能力的新型智能材料,最大可恢复应变可达6%~7%,并具有一定的材料滞回耗能特性[15]。此外,超弹SMA材料还具有较强的耐腐蚀性能和良好的抗疲劳能力[16-17]。为了解决金属阻尼器自复位能力差的问题,一些学者提出SMA阻尼器,通过拉压试验和振动台试验,发现该阻尼器比金属阻尼器具有更好的自复位能力[18-19]。但是在相对位移较大的情况下,SMA阻尼器并不能起到很好的限位效果。因为在相对位移较大的情况下,需要采用细长的SMA棒作为阻尼器。但是由于SMA棒的长细比过高,会发生失稳破坏。为了防止SMA棒的失稳,邱灿星等[20]提出一种SMA自复位支撑,利用钢板防止SMA棒的屈曲。CAO等[21]提出大行程形状记忆合金阻尼器(long-stroke shape memory alloy restrainer,LSR),利用钢管和水泥砂浆构成的防屈曲体系防止SMA棒的屈曲。该装置具有变形能力大、承载能力大和自复位能力好的特点。但是,并未基于试验进行验证。
为增强抗屈曲性能和增大承载能力,本文基于文献[21]的研究基础,提出一种新型格构式大行程SMA限位装置(latticed long-stroke restrainer,LLSR)。并对单肢LSR进行试验,以验证LSR和MLSR的可行性和有效性。
本文中的单肢LSR由一根超弹性SMA棒、MC尼龙和钢管三部分组成。MC尼龙和钢管构成的防屈曲系统防止细长的SMA棒屈曲,而超弹性SMA棒则起到自复位和消耗能量的作用。LLSR是4个单肢LSR用钢缀板(条)焊接而成,如图1所示。图1Dbar为SMA棒两端未铣削直径;dbar为SMA内芯已铣削直径;dplastic为工业塑料尼龙直径;Dtube为钢管直径;Lex为SMA棒两端未铣削长度;Lbar为SMA中段已铣削长度;Ltube为钢管长度[22]H为LLSR截面高度。
LLSR的工作机理与LSR的工作机理基本相同。图2为LLSR在不同工作状态下的示意图。图中δ为LLSR拉伸和压缩产生的变形量,在图中表示的拉伸和压缩的变形量相等。LLSR初始处于平衡状态,无变形,如图2(a)所示。当荷载大于SMA棒的预紧力时,SMA棒开始产生压缩或拉伸变形。受拉时,荷载由SMA棒全部承担如图2(b)所示。受压时,荷载由SMA棒传递给MC尼龙,再由MC尼龙传递给钢管,如图2(c)所示。LLSR相较于LSR不同的是由于用缀板的连接使得4根独立的单肢LSR构成一个整体结构,从而改变了LSR截面形心的位置,使得整体防屈曲体系的抗弯刚度增大。因此,LLSR的抗屈曲能力远大于4肢LSR之和。
在提出LLSR设计方法之前需要先对其进行稳定性分析。为了简化LLSR的稳定计算方法,做出以下几点假设:
1)LLSR的受力情况如图3所示,抗屈曲系统的简化受力模型如图4所示,SMA棒的简化受力模型如图5所示。在该简化模型当中,SMA棒与MC尼龙之间的接触力假设为均匀分布的压力q,LLSR两端的约束假设为铰支,约束位置为SMA棒缩颈段端部。压力q和摩擦力τ可以通过试验或者数值模拟来确定。
2)LLSR工作时每一肢LSR不受其余3肢LSR的影响。
3)设LLSR中每一肢LSR同时发生屈曲并且当LLSR发生屈曲时,SMA棒缩颈段端部的临界正应力为σd,临界的正应变为εd,则当其即将屈服时候两端的压力为式(1):
式中,Abar为SMA棒截面的有效面积。
4)MC尼龙与SMA棒之间的摩擦力相较于接触力而言很小,因此在防屈曲系统中不考虑摩擦力造成的影响。对于单肢LSR而言,其面积和惯性矩的计算公式为式(2),式(3):
式中:Is为钢管惯性矩;Ip为MC尼龙惯性矩;As为钢管截面面积;Ap为MC尼龙面积;n为MC尼龙弹性模量与钢管弹性模量的比值,表达式如式(4)所示:
式中:Ep为MC尼龙的弹性模量;Es为钢管的弹性模量。
假设LLSR所受的压力为4N,则每一肢LSR所承受的压力为N。LLSR截面面积A为4Asp,惯性矩为式(5):
利用等效面积的原则将MC尼龙的材料换算成钢材,可由式(6)计算抗屈曲系统所受到的最大应力值:
等效面积则是认为在受压的过程中认为MC尼龙的应变εp和钢管的应变εs相等,并且所受到的力相等。即EsεsAs=EpεpAp
为了防止SMA棒的屈曲,并且使得钢管的变形只处于弹性变形阶段,则钢管所受到的最大应力值应小于钢管的许用应力值,如式(7)所示:
σ=σmax时,可以由式(8)得到均布荷载q的计算公式。LLSR在其弹性工作阶段最大的挠度值可以由式(9)计算。
将式(8)代入式(9)可以得到式(10):
当SMA棒的轴向应变值达到其设计应变时,处于一种临界状态。并且当SMA棒的跨中形成塑性铰的时候,中部所产生的位移为wmax。由于SMA棒与工程塑料尼龙之间的摩擦力很小,因此不考虑摩擦的影响,近似取N′=N,如图5所示。为了防止SMA棒的屈曲,端点处产生的弯曲力矩应该小于自复位力矩,即需满足式(11)。将式(9)代入式(11)可得式(12),式(12)不等式的左边为临界刚度的解析表达式。如将不等式(12)改写成欧拉公式的形式,可得式(13)。
由式(13)可得到LLSR中单肢LSR抗屈曲系统的轴向临界压力为。保守计算,LLSR抗屈曲系统的轴向临界压力可取为。从临界荷载中可以看出,相较于4根LSR独立受力结果的叠加,LLSR抗屈曲系统的轴向临界压力比4根LSR抗屈曲系统单独受力再进行叠加的轴向临界压力更大。所以LLSR的抗屈曲能力更强。与同肢数的LSR相比,能够提高材料的利用率。
由于忽略了SMA棒与MC尼龙之间的摩擦以及引入了计算假设,为考虑它们的影响引入一个系数α。屈曲系统的临界刚度如式(14)所示:
由不等式(13)可知,LLSR抗屈曲系统的临界刚度可近似用式(15)所示:
为了制作方便,4肢之间可不采用缀条焊接,而采用钢丝简单绑扎。其构造图如图6所示,惯性矩见式(16)。其稳定性分析可参照上述采用缀条焊接的LLSR稳定性计算方法。
共测试2个试件,1个SMA棒和1个LSR试件。进行拉伸试验,SMA棒以400 ℃进行45 min热处理,以获得较好的超弹性,其几何尺寸如图7所示,SMA棒试件如图8所示。
试验的LSR试件如图9所示,其几何参数如表1所示。以直径为12 mm镍钛形状记忆合金棒作为内芯材料,以长度为1100 mm的MC尼龙和钢管作为防屈曲系统的材料。MC尼龙的材料参数和钢管的材料参数如表2所示。LSR主要的加工工艺如下,首先将MC尼龙剖开,将SMA棒包裹在MC尼龙中,其次用胶水将MC尼龙的切口黏合,最后固定住MC尼龙的末端,从另外一端将钢管嵌入。SMA棒的两端加工有车螺纹,并且用螺母拧紧便于夹具夹紧固定。
采用MTS-810液压伺服万能试验机加载,如图10所示。9 mm SMA棒拉伸试验的应变速率为0.000 5/s,应变幅值逐步增加,分别为1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%、8%。每一级加载的位移为1.12 mm,最大加载位移为8.96 mm。其中SMA棒的加载情况如图11所示。
LSR拉压试验加载的速率是0.002 5/s,采用逐级加载的方式进行加载,每级的加载应变为1%、2%、3%、4%、5%、6%、7%。
SMA棒拉伸试验的应力-应变曲线如图12所示。由图可知,SMA棒拉伸至6%时残余应变为0.6%,具有较好的自复位能力。LSR内芯SMA棒的热处理方式与其相同。根据拉伸试验结果确定SMA棒材料参数如表3所示。
图13为LSR试验数据。试验结果表明,当加载到60 mm时,LSR试件未发生破坏,且残余位移较小。表明其具有较好的自恢复能力。
当试件拉伸到70 mm的时候,LSR发生破坏,于其上部加载处缩颈处被拉断,黏合在钢管上的MC尼龙被拉出而且有一小段被拉断,如图14所示。
为进一步研究加载幅值对减震性能的影响,图15绘制了最大恢复力、耗散能量大小、等效阻尼比和割线刚度随位移幅值的变化曲线。其中割线刚度与等效阻尼比采用式(17)和式(18)进行计算,
式中:FmaxFmin分别为受拉情况和受压情况下最大力和最小力;DmaxDmin分别为加载在0位移时的最大和最小位移。
式中:ED为力-位移曲线下的面积;为同一循环的最大应变能,计算为具有相同最大位移和力的线性系统所吸收的能量。
由图可知,压缩时的等效阻尼比远大于拉伸时的等效阻尼比。拉伸时的等效阻尼比在加载到4%的时候达到最大随后开始减小,而压缩时的等效阻尼比则不断增大。就耗散能量而言,压缩时耗散的能量远大于拉伸时所耗散的能量,这是由于在压缩时MC尼龙与钢管也参与耗能。拉伸时的割线刚度小于压缩时的割线刚度。总体而言,LSR受压性能优于其受拉性能。与只受拉的SMA棒相比,LSR具有良好的自复位能力和耗能能力。
为了模拟SMA棒的拉伸试验,在ABAQUS2022有限元软件中,建立SMA棒的三维高精度有限元模型,其网格划分情况以及拉伸至8%时的应力云图如图16所示。在ABAQUS中,SMA棒采用实体单元建立。在边界条件的设定当中,SMA棒的下端xyz这3个方向的位移均为0约束,上端xz方向的位移设为0,在y方向施加循环的位移荷载进行模拟。其模拟结果与试验结果的比较情况如图17所示。
为了模拟LSR循环加载-卸载过程,基于ABAQUS2022,建立LSR的三维高精度有限元模型,如图18所示。在有限元模型中,LSR的每一构件均采用实体单元。其边界条件设定为下端3个方向的位移为0,上端xz方向的位移为0。由于MC尼龙与钢管整体构成防屈曲体系,所以MC尼龙与钢管之间采用绑定约束;其中钢管为主面,MC尼龙为从面。SMA棒与MC尼龙之间采用表面与表面接触;其中SMA棒为主面,MC尼龙为从面,MC尼龙和SMA棒的摩擦系数为0.01。最后在上端的y方向施加1%到6%加载-卸载的循环位移,对试验过程进行模拟。图19为LSR试验与数值模拟结果的比较。
试验结果显示,当试件拉伸到70 mm时,LSR发生破坏。在ABAQUS中模拟将LSR拉伸至7%应变时,数值模拟的结果如图20所示,模拟结果表明缩颈段位置由于应力集中可能发生破坏,与试验结果一致。
为了探究摩擦力对LLSR性能的影响,在ABAQUS有限元软件中建立了LLSR三维高精度模型,SMA棒、MC尼龙和钢管的几何尺寸与表1相同,截面高度H取为110 mm。SMA棒、MC尼龙和钢管的参数取值、相互作用设置和约束设置均与LSR相同。钢缀板的材料参数与钢管相同,与每根不同的钢管之间采用绑定约束。将MC尼龙与SMA棒之间的摩擦系数设置为0.005和0进行数值模拟,其力-位移曲线如图21所示。LLSR不同摩擦系数下Von-Mises分布如图22图23所示。
从数值模拟的结果来看,SMA棒与MC尼龙之间的摩擦力主要在受压的时候产生不同,而对受拉的计算结果并无影响。对于受压的影响主要是在力和耗能方面产生影响。如果在计算时忽略摩擦,会导致耗能的计算结果和发生相同位移时所产生的力的计算结果偏小。摩擦系数为0.005和无摩擦的受压耗能和相同位移幅值下的力的比较结果如图24所示。
图24可知,随着位移幅值的增大,耗能和对应幅值下的力之间偏差将会不断增大。在位移幅值较小的情况下,有无摩擦的计算结果的差距并不大。但是随着位移幅值的增大,计算结果将会有较大的差距。因此,在位移幅值较小时,可以忽略摩擦的影响;位移幅值较大时,不能够忽略摩擦所带来的影响。
LLSR抗屈曲体系设计的关键是建立参数α与截面尺寸之间的关系。以下将基于ABAQUS2022进行参数分析,确定α与LLSR截面尺寸之间的关系。在参数分析的过程中,设计应变εd取为6%。以LLSR内芯SMA棒的直径为基本变量,对其进行抗屈曲分析。LLSR的截面高度为110 mm,其余参数汇总于文献[21]。对LLSR中每一个单肢LSR不同的抗屈曲刚度值EpIp+Es Is+0.25 Es AspH-Dtube2进行分析,得到临界刚度Kc。在不改变抗屈曲体系截面尺寸的情况下,通过改变其弹性模量EsEp来改变抗屈曲刚度值的大小,再通过二分法来确定临界刚度Kc的值。其具体计算步骤参考文献[21]。
根据有限元计算结果,4根LSR的屈曲情况如图25所示,未屈曲情况如图26所示。计算结果的K0Kcα表4所示,图27显示了dbar和参数α之间的关系,用红色圆点表示。进行一维线性回归分析,得到回归方程,如图蓝色虚线所示。为确保所有情况下都不发生屈曲,将回归方程修改为式(19),且在图中用黑色实线表示。
根据上一节的参数分析结果,提出LLSR的设计方法如图28所示,总结如下:
1)根据所需要限制的最大相对位移S确定所用SMA棒内芯的长度。假设设计应变取为6%,则所需要SMA棒的长度如式(20)所示:
2)根据发生最大位移时所需的力F确定SMA棒缩颈段面积。SMA棒压缩时马氏体起始应力为,则总的受力面积如式(21)所示:
单肢SMA棒的受力面积如式(22)所示:
3)根据单肢LSR的受力面积确定颈缩段的直径dbar
4)根据式(19)确定α的值。
5)由式(14)确定K0的值,并由式(15)确定Kc的值。
6)根据不等式(12)确定出防屈曲体系中钢管的厚度以及MC尼龙的厚度。
本文提出了一种新型LLSR,基于单肢LSR的试验,对LLSR的减震机理和设计方法进行了研究,主要得到以下结论:
1)在MC尼龙和钢管的约束作用下,LLSR不仅可以在受拉时耗能,还可以在受压的状态下不发生屈曲,耗散比受拉时更多的能量。
2)LLSR不仅具有较强的自复位能力,还具有很好的耗能能力。
3)一般来说,随变形增大,LLSR的自恢复能力、耗能能力和阻尼比逐渐增大,而割线刚度逐渐减小。此外,受压时的各种力学恢复力、耗能能力、割线刚度和阻尼比均显著高于受拉状态的值。
4)通过对LLSR的稳定性分析,提出相应的设计方法,可为合理设计LLSR提供参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52178124; 51608136; 51278134)
  • 广东省自然科学基金项目(2020A1515010231)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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文章信息
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0107
  • 接收时间:2024-01-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-16
  • 修回日期:2024-03-26
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52178124; 51608136; 51278134)
广东省自然科学基金项目(2020A1515010231)
作者信息
    1.广州大学 土木与交通工程学院,广东 广州 510006
    2.同济大学 桥梁工程系,上海 200092

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曹飒飒(1982—),男,博士,主要从事桥梁抗震研究。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dzgcygczd/CN/10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0107
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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