Article(id=1241786728382534521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0109, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716825600000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-28, revisedDate=1719417600000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773994627327, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773994627327, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773994627327, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994627327, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241786727631754095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='235', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773994627149, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996954801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=85, endPage=94, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241786728579666814, articleId=1241786728382534521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Bearing capacity prediction of SPRC coupling beams with small span-to-height ratio based on machine learning method, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to predict the bearing capacity of steel plate-concrete reinforced composite (SPRC) coupling beams more conveniently. In this paper, it is of great significance to study the bearing capacity prediction model of SPRC coupling beams by machine learning (ML) method. Firstly, the SPRC coupling beam database is established by collecting the existing experimental data. On this basis, six ML algorithms, including extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm, back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm, support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, random forest (RF) algorithm and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm were used for data regression training. Through the comparative analysis of model performance indicators, it is found that the prediction model based on XGBoost algorithm has the best robustness and generalization ability. Compared with the softened strut-and-tie model (SSTM), it has higher calculation accuracy and stability. A high-precision SPRC coupling beam bearing capacity prediction model based on ML method is proposed. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of the parameters affecting the bearing capacity of SPRC coupling beams is also carried out. The results show that the influence degree of each characteristic parameter on the bearing capacity of SPRC coupling beams is in descending order as follows: steel plate ratio (ρp), coupling beam section height (h), coupling beam section width (b), span-depth ratio (ln/h), stirrup yield strength (fvy), longitudinal reinforcement ratio (ρs), longitudinal reinforcement yield strength (fsy), stirrup ratio (ρt), steel plate yield strength (fpy), concrete compressive strength (fcu).

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为了更方便地预测小跨高比钢板-混凝土组合(steel plate-concrete reinforced composite,SPRC)连梁的承载力,通过机器学习(machine learning,ML)的方法对SPRC连梁展开承载力预测模型研究,具有重要意义。首先收集了现有的试验数据建立了SPRC连梁数据库,在此基础上,通过极限学习机(extreme learning machine,ELM)算法、反向传播神经网络(back propagation neural network,BPNN)算法、支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)算法、K临近(K nearest neighbor,KNN)算法、随机森林(random forest,RF)算法以及极端梯度提升(extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)算法等6种ML算法进行了数据的回归训练。通过模型性能指标对比分析,发现基于XGBoost算法的预测模型具有最好的鲁棒性和泛化能力,相比于软化拉压杆模型(softened strut-and-tie model,SSTM)具有更高的计算精度和稳定性,并提出了基于ML方法的高精度SPRC连梁承载力预测模型。此外,还对影响SPRC连梁的承载力参数进行了敏感性分析,结果表明各特征参数对于SPRC连梁承载力的影响程度从大到小依次是:钢板配板率(ρp)、连梁截面高度(h)、连梁截面宽度(b)、跨高比(ln/h)、箍筋屈服强度(fvy)、纵筋配筋率(ρs)、纵筋屈服强度(fsy)、箍筋配箍率(ρt)、钢板屈服强度(fpy)、混凝土抗压强度(fcu)。

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田建勃(1986—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事钢-混凝土组合结构及其抗震研究。E-mail:

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田建勃(1986—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事钢-混凝土组合结构及其抗震研究。E-mail:

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田建勃(1986—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事钢-混凝土组合结构及其抗震研究。E-mail:

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Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2022, 16(10): 1233-1248., articleTitle=Predicting the capacity of perfobond rib shear connector using an ANN model and GSA method, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241802954878026078, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, awardId=U2368203, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金联合基金重点支持项目(U2368203), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241802955008049516, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, awardId=51608441, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(51608441), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241802955167433085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, awardId=2022JM-220, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JM-220), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241802944719422009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, 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language=CN, label=图1, caption=ML算法示意图, figureFileSmall=Xw+j/pCzmjYqNMVGt0+QKQ==, figureFileBig=c5dclp4o42sIrBtPRP7pYA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802951493222496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Pearson correlation coefficient of characteristic parameters, figureFileSmall=OLoN+CNt6/0Lue7tZrxfMg==, figureFileBig=EAuYWB9P28Dk4rBQrOvJqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802952596324464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=CN, label=图2, caption=特征参数的皮尔逊相关性系数, figureFileSmall=OLoN+CNt6/0Lue7tZrxfMg==, figureFileBig=EAuYWB9P28Dk4rBQrOvJqw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802952705376381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Comparison of ML model prediction results, figureFileSmall=cgbVAZKdY/PH6S1qvbDqLw==, 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journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Comparison of shear capacity prediction of SPFRC coupling beams, figureFileSmall=/7O0FdaPee1Y8HaFCi9XpA==, figureFileBig=iHhab9fksfz9mx/Wj4OZsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802953451962566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=CN, label=图5, caption=SPFRC连梁抗剪承载力预测对比, figureFileSmall=/7O0FdaPee1Y8HaFCi9XpA==, figureFileBig=iHhab9fksfz9mx/Wj4OZsw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802953569403089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Sensitivity analysis of characteristic parameters of SPRC coupling beam, figureFileSmall=gKlYKs1IDR7Ffb+hVoQZRw==, figureFileBig=hhmi0SMGlQbjRB6ajhlv9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802953695232224, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=CN, label=图6, caption=SPRC连梁特征参数敏感性分析, figureFileSmall=gKlYKs1IDR7Ffb+hVoQZRw==, figureFileBig=hhmi0SMGlQbjRB6ajhlv9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802953829449965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Optimal hyperparameter setting of ML model

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算法类型超参数取值算法类型超参数取值
ELMhidden_layers20KNNn_neighbors3
activate_modelsigweightsuniform
BPNNhidden_layers5RFn_estimators500
max_iteration1000Max_features5
learning_rate0.100Min_samples_leaf5
SVMC20XGBoostn_estimators300
kernalRBFMax_depth1
gamma0.1Learning_rate0.100
), ArticleFig(id=1241802953896558841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

ML模型最优超参数设置

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
算法类型超参数取值算法类型超参数取值
ELMhidden_layers20KNNn_neighbors3
activate_modelsigweightsuniform
BPNNhidden_layers5RFn_estimators500
max_iteration1000Max_features5
learning_rate0.100Min_samples_leaf5
SVMC20XGBoostn_estimators300
kernalRBFMax_depth1
gamma0.1Learning_rate0.100
), ArticleFig(id=1241802954030776581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Value range of SPRC coupling beam parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据来源b/mmh/mmln/hfcu/MPafsy/MPafty/MPafpy/MPaρs/%ρt/%ρp/%V/kNn
研究试验[37]1603201.541.18~69.304403433580.860.634.42352~4712
研究模拟[37]1603201.0~2.562.5~81.254403433581.31~2.670.63~1.052.76~5.53346~57212
SUBEDI等[31]1823002.441.8~49.8332~3380295~3251.78~2.7803.42~4.78200~2222
CHENG[32]1503001.30~2.2042.40~61.00462~5000200~27002.45~3.224.92~12.43310~71116
LAW[25-27]1206001.2051.205494263110.670.232.394741
SUEN[33]1503001.00~2.0037.00~52.90467~5360~443241~3530~0.751.612.46~3.69290~4058
TIAN等[34-35]160~180320~3500.90~2.0034.90~69.30435~463318~343235~3700.56~0.630.85~1.793.07~5.11454~6576
HOU等[28-2936]1604001.00~2.5040.00~50.80445~472412~523305~3670.630.883.62~6.03362~7968
DENG[30]1204001.50~2.5055.30~61.504274052480.561.12~2.234.21377~4554
ZHANG[38]1503002.5042.303813083450.561.991.631981
), ArticleFig(id=1241802954156605710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

SPRC连梁参数取值范围

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据来源b/mmh/mmln/hfcu/MPafsy/MPafty/MPafpy/MPaρs/%ρt/%ρp/%V/kNn
研究试验[37]1603201.541.18~69.304403433580.860.634.42352~4712
研究模拟[37]1603201.0~2.562.5~81.254403433581.31~2.670.63~1.052.76~5.53346~57212
SUBEDI等[31]1823002.441.8~49.8332~3380295~3251.78~2.7803.42~4.78200~2222
CHENG[32]1503001.30~2.2042.40~61.00462~5000200~27002.45~3.224.92~12.43310~71116
LAW[25-27]1206001.2051.205494263110.670.232.394741
SUEN[33]1503001.00~2.0037.00~52.90467~5360~443241~3530~0.751.612.46~3.69290~4058
TIAN等[34-35]160~180320~3500.90~2.0034.90~69.30435~463318~343235~3700.56~0.630.85~1.793.07~5.11454~6576
HOU等[28-2936]1604001.00~2.5040.00~50.80445~472412~523305~3670.630.883.62~6.03362~7968
DENG[30]1204001.50~2.5055.30~61.504274052480.561.12~2.234.21377~4554
ZHANG[38]1503002.5042.303813083450.561.991.631981
), ArticleFig(id=1241802954290823456, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Performance metrics of ML models

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型组别R2RMSE/kNMAE/kNMAPE/%
ELM训练集0.93030.97024.2805.460
测试集0.92045.89037.2208.220
BPNN训练集0.96029.86021.3504.680
测试集0.91042.90031.4106.810
KNN训练集0.78065.04047.66010.180
测试集0.76071.79053.80014.230
SVM训练集0.98020.86013.5702.900
测试集0.94036.65029.9806.830
RF训练集0.96043.57030.7606.710
测试集0.93040.87031.2007.470
XGBoost训练集0.97023.74018.9804.130
测试集0.96027.96023.5305.630
), ArticleFig(id=1241802954391486763, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

ML模型的性能度量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
模型组别R2RMSE/kNMAE/kNMAPE/%
ELM训练集0.93030.97024.2805.460
测试集0.92045.89037.2208.220
BPNN训练集0.96029.86021.3504.680
测试集0.91042.90031.4106.810
KNN训练集0.78065.04047.66010.180
测试集0.76071.79053.80014.230
SVM训练集0.98020.86013.5702.900
测试集0.94036.65029.9806.830
RF训练集0.96043.57030.7606.710
测试集0.93040.87031.2007.470
XGBoost训练集0.97023.74018.9804.130
测试集0.96027.96023.5305.630
), ArticleFig(id=1241802954513121593, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of test or simulated bearing capacity with XGBoost prediction model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据来源试件编号试验或模拟承载力Vtest/kN预测结果Vpre/kNVtest/Vpre
本文试验[37]PRCB-1453464.2200.980
PRCB-2471468.2501.010
本文模拟[37]PRCB-T5346400.3200.860
PRCB-T6387410.4200.940
PRCB-T10524517.8801.010
PRCB-Z14475468.2501.010
PRCB-Z18475468.2501.010
PRCB-Z20475468.2501.010
PRCB-G60482468.2501.030
PRCB-G80477468.2501.020
PRCB-L1572546.2401.050
PRCB-C65445468.2500.950
PRCB-C75473468.2501.010
PRCB-C80482468.2501.030
SUBEDI等[31]5FP4220187.8901.170
5FP6222229.0300.970
CHENG等[32]1P8S-25320338.4900.950
1P10S-25353344.8501.020
1P16S-25520544.7200.950
1P20S-25650638.1701.020
1P8S-20427386.6701.100
1P10S-20447436.3001.020
1P20S-20634657.3600.960
2P8S-25267251.9301.060
2P10S-25310308.1501.010
2P20S-25524517.8801.010
2P8S-20244278.3900.880
2P10S-20315328.0200.960
2P20S-20581552.2801.050
3P8S-25430459.7400.940
3P10S-25486509.4200.950
3P20S-25711741.7800.960
LAM[25-27]SPrc-Bg474479.0500.990
SUEN[33]M15/P4-S1374376.4900.990
M15/P6-S0371369.7901.000
C10/P4-S1431437.9700.980
C15/P4-S1398360.0101.110
C20/P4-S1300294.5301.020
C15/P4-S0290333.8500.870
C15/P4-S2378363.3201.040
C15/P6-S1405393.6001.030
TIAN等[34-35]PRC-CB1587571.3401.030
PRC-CB2638626.5801.020
PRC-CB3657629.1701.040
PRC-CB6742704.5401.050
PRC-CB7584561.1001.040
PRC-NS1456473.7400.960
HOU等[28-2936]PRHTC-8t641615.5601.040
PRHTC-10t722665.1901.090
PRHTC-12t796807.3000.990
PRHTC-1.0708693.5101.020
PRHTC-2.0500550.0800.910
SPRC-1362381.6100.950
SPRC-2428420.1101.020
SPRC-3453469.7400.960
邓明科等[30]CB-1.5430459.7900.940
DB-1.5456473.7400.960
CB-2.5378325.4701.160
DB-2.5393322.8101.220
张刚[38]CB25-1198179.3701.100
平均值0.9903
标准差0.0668
变异系数0.0675
), ArticleFig(id=1241802954617979207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786728382534521, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

试验或模拟承载力与XGBoost预测模型对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据来源试件编号试验或模拟承载力Vtest/kN预测结果Vpre/kNVtest/Vpre
本文试验[37]PRCB-1453464.2200.980
PRCB-2471468.2501.010
本文模拟[37]PRCB-T5346400.3200.860
PRCB-T6387410.4200.940
PRCB-T10524517.8801.010
PRCB-Z14475468.2501.010
PRCB-Z18475468.2501.010
PRCB-Z20475468.2501.010
PRCB-G60482468.2501.030
PRCB-G80477468.2501.020
PRCB-L1572546.2401.050
PRCB-C65445468.2500.950
PRCB-C75473468.2501.010
PRCB-C80482468.2501.030
SUBEDI等[31]5FP4220187.8901.170
5FP6222229.0300.970
CHENG等[32]1P8S-25320338.4900.950
1P10S-25353344.8501.020
1P16S-25520544.7200.950
1P20S-25650638.1701.020
1P8S-20427386.6701.100
1P10S-20447436.3001.020
1P20S-20634657.3600.960
2P8S-25267251.9301.060
2P10S-25310308.1501.010
2P20S-25524517.8801.010
2P8S-20244278.3900.880
2P10S-20315328.0200.960
2P20S-20581552.2801.050
3P8S-25430459.7400.940
3P10S-25486509.4200.950
3P20S-25711741.7800.960
LAM[25-27]SPrc-Bg474479.0500.990
SUEN[33]M15/P4-S1374376.4900.990
M15/P6-S0371369.7901.000
C10/P4-S1431437.9700.980
C15/P4-S1398360.0101.110
C20/P4-S1300294.5301.020
C15/P4-S0290333.8500.870
C15/P4-S2378363.3201.040
C15/P6-S1405393.6001.030
TIAN等[34-35]PRC-CB1587571.3401.030
PRC-CB2638626.5801.020
PRC-CB3657629.1701.040
PRC-CB6742704.5401.050
PRC-CB7584561.1001.040
PRC-NS1456473.7400.960
HOU等[28-2936]PRHTC-8t641615.5601.040
PRHTC-10t722665.1901.090
PRHTC-12t796807.3000.990
PRHTC-1.0708693.5101.020
PRHTC-2.0500550.0800.910
SPRC-1362381.6100.950
SPRC-2428420.1101.020
SPRC-3453469.7400.960
邓明科等[30]CB-1.5430459.7900.940
DB-1.5456473.7400.960
CB-2.5378325.4701.160
DB-2.5393322.8101.220
张刚[38]CB25-1198179.3701.100
平均值0.9903
标准差0.0668
变异系数0.0675
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基于机器学习方法的小跨高比SPRC连梁承载力预测
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田建勃 1 , 周文婧 1 , 陈黄健 2 , 赵勇 1 , 赵钦 1 , 黄大观 1 , 闫靖帅 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025,45(1): 85-94
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地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025, 45(1): 85-94
基于机器学习方法的小跨高比SPRC连梁承载力预测
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田建勃1 , 周文婧1, 陈黄健2, 赵勇1, 赵钦1, 黄大观1, 闫靖帅1
作者信息
  • 1.西安理工大学 土木建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
  • 2.中国建筑一局(集团)有限公司,北京 100161
  • 田建勃(1986—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事钢-混凝土组合结构及其抗震研究。E-mail:

Bearing capacity prediction of SPRC coupling beams with small span-to-height ratio based on machine learning method
Jianbo TIAN1 , Wenjing ZHOU1, Huangjian CHEN2, Yong ZHAO1, Qin ZHAO1, Daguan HUANG1, Jingshuai YAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
  • 2.China Construction First Group Corporation Limited, Beijing 100161, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0109
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为了更方便地预测小跨高比钢板-混凝土组合(steel plate-concrete reinforced composite,SPRC)连梁的承载力,通过机器学习(machine learning,ML)的方法对SPRC连梁展开承载力预测模型研究,具有重要意义。首先收集了现有的试验数据建立了SPRC连梁数据库,在此基础上,通过极限学习机(extreme learning machine,ELM)算法、反向传播神经网络(back propagation neural network,BPNN)算法、支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)算法、K临近(K nearest neighbor,KNN)算法、随机森林(random forest,RF)算法以及极端梯度提升(extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)算法等6种ML算法进行了数据的回归训练。通过模型性能指标对比分析,发现基于XGBoost算法的预测模型具有最好的鲁棒性和泛化能力,相比于软化拉压杆模型(softened strut-and-tie model,SSTM)具有更高的计算精度和稳定性,并提出了基于ML方法的高精度SPRC连梁承载力预测模型。此外,还对影响SPRC连梁的承载力参数进行了敏感性分析,结果表明各特征参数对于SPRC连梁承载力的影响程度从大到小依次是:钢板配板率(ρp)、连梁截面高度(h)、连梁截面宽度(b)、跨高比(ln/h)、箍筋屈服强度(fvy)、纵筋配筋率(ρs)、纵筋屈服强度(fsy)、箍筋配箍率(ρt)、钢板屈服强度(fpy)、混凝土抗压强度(fcu)。

小跨高比  /  SPRC连梁  /  机器学习  /  鲁棒性  /  承载力预测

In order to predict the bearing capacity of steel plate-concrete reinforced composite (SPRC) coupling beams more conveniently. In this paper, it is of great significance to study the bearing capacity prediction model of SPRC coupling beams by machine learning (ML) method. Firstly, the SPRC coupling beam database is established by collecting the existing experimental data. On this basis, six ML algorithms, including extreme learning machine (ELM) algorithm, back propagation neural network (BPNN) algorithm, support vector machine (SVM) algorithm, K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, random forest (RF) algorithm and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm were used for data regression training. Through the comparative analysis of model performance indicators, it is found that the prediction model based on XGBoost algorithm has the best robustness and generalization ability. Compared with the softened strut-and-tie model (SSTM), it has higher calculation accuracy and stability. A high-precision SPRC coupling beam bearing capacity prediction model based on ML method is proposed. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of the parameters affecting the bearing capacity of SPRC coupling beams is also carried out. The results show that the influence degree of each characteristic parameter on the bearing capacity of SPRC coupling beams is in descending order as follows: steel plate ratio (ρp), coupling beam section height (h), coupling beam section width (b), span-depth ratio (ln/h), stirrup yield strength (fvy), longitudinal reinforcement ratio (ρs), longitudinal reinforcement yield strength (fsy), stirrup ratio (ρt), steel plate yield strength (fpy), concrete compressive strength (fcu).

small span-depth ratio  /  SPRC coupling beam  /  machine learning  /  robustness  /  bearing capacity prediction
田建勃, 周文婧, 陈黄健, 赵勇, 赵钦, 黄大观, 闫靖帅. 基于机器学习方法的小跨高比SPRC连梁承载力预测. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (1) : 85 -94 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0109
Jianbo TIAN, Wenjing ZHOU, Huangjian CHEN, Yong ZHAO, Qin ZHAO, Daguan HUANG, Jingshuai YAN. Bearing capacity prediction of SPRC coupling beams with small span-to-height ratio based on machine learning method[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (1) : 85 -94 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0109
连梁是剪力墙结构、框架-剪力墙结构、核心筒结构中重要的连接构件,是高层建筑在地震作用下的第一道防线[1],但由于小跨高比连梁极易发生脆性剪切破坏,降低抗震性能,因此提高连梁的延性、承载能力等对加强结构整体抗震性能具有重要意义。目前对于小跨高比钢板-混凝土组合(steel plate-concrete reinforced composite,SPRC)连梁的承载力还没有统一的计算方法,由于连梁跨高比不同和混凝土材料的迭代更新,混凝土与钢材的变形协调作用机理复杂,破坏模式也存在一定差异,又因为通过理论方法推导高精度的SPRC连梁承载力计算方法具有较大难度。因此采用机器学习(machine learning,ML)的方法对SPRC连梁展开承载力预测模型研究具有重大意义。
近年来,由于计算机算力的提升,人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)与大数据分析应用得到了较快的发展。ML方法是人工智能的一个分支,常用于解决各类预测、分类或聚类难题,在土木工程领域也得到了较好的发展,例如,利用深度学习方法在结构健康监测的应用[2-6],利用集成学习方法在结构的优化设计方面的应用。XGBoost是一种集成学习算法,属于梯度提升树的一种实现[7],因其较好的泛化能力和鲁棒性,广泛的应用于结构承载力预测中。RAHMAN等[8]基于ML算法提出了钢纤维混凝土梁抗剪强度的预测模型,并对各特征参数对钢纤维混凝土梁抗剪承载力的影响给出了定量分析。ZHANG等[9]使用9种ML算法对现有钢筋混凝土剪力墙试验数据进行了回归和分类处理,其中基于XGBoost的分类模型具有最高的预测精度,预测精度高达97%。MA等[10]使用6种ML算法建立了钢筋混凝土深梁的抗剪承载力预测模型,其中基于XGBoost的抗剪承载力模型表现出较好的预测性能。WANG等[11]使用8种ML算法建立了碳纤维增强聚合物(carbon fiber reinforced polymer,CFRP)加固的钢管混凝土柱承载力预测模型[11],通过性能指标对比,基于XGBoost算法的预测模型具有最好的预测性能,决定系数(R2)高达0.9850。
基于ML方法在土木工程领域的广泛应用,本文将利用6种ML算法,包括4种单一算法和2种集成算法,对现有小跨高比SPRC连梁承载力试验数据进行回归训练,并分析比较6种算法对小跨高比SPRC连梁承载力的预测精度。将预测结果与基于软化拉压杆模型(softened strut-and-tie model,SSTM)计算得出的承载力进行对比分析,为实际工程提供参考。
文中分别使用4种单一算法包括:极限学习机(extreme learning machine,ELM)算法[12-13]、反向传播神经网络(back propagation neural network,BPNN)算法[14]、支持向量机(support vector machine,SVM)算法[15-17]、K临近(K-nearest neighbor,KNN)算法[18-19]和2种集成算法包括:随机森林(random forest,RF)算法[20-22]及极端梯度提升(extreme gradient boosting,XGBoost)算法[23-24]对现有小跨高比SPRC连梁数据进行回归分析。各ML算法的示意图如图1所示。
超参数是决定ML模型泛化能力和鲁棒性的重要参数之一,本文ML模型超参数的设置首先通过大量的回归训练确定模型各参数对预测精度的影响程度,其次通过确定的重要影响参数进行随机搜索组合,虽然随机搜索相对于网格搜索及一些优化算法具有一定的局限性,但针对本文样本数量较少,通过随机搜索确定超参数不仅可以提升计算效率也得到了较好的预测精度,各ML模型超参数的取值如表1所示。
为了定量分析不同ML模型的预测性能,采用决定系数(R2)、均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)、平均绝对误差(mean absolute error,MAE)和平均绝对百分比误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)4个指标,计算公式为
式中:Ti为组合连梁承载力的真实值;Pi为组合连梁承载力的预测值。
为了确保已建立的数据库中小跨高比SPRC连梁的一致性和适用性,制定了如下选择标准:
1)数据库中SPRC连梁的跨高比(ln/h)范围为0.9~2.5。
2)考虑到预埋钢板对SPRC连梁抗剪能力的影响较大,其中钢板与混凝土之间的滑移是一个关键因素,在已建立的数据库中,试件5FP4和试件5FP6采用两侧连接钢筋对预埋钢板进行加固,其他SPRC连梁试件中,在钢板两侧焊接剪力钉,以增强预埋钢板与混凝土之间的协同作用。
3)数据库中的SPRC连梁应在其文献来源中明确包括l0hb等参数。
根据上述标准,总数据库共收集了48个现有SPRC连梁试验数据[25-36]。此外,为了弥补试验数据的不足,以前期研究试验试件PRCB-2[37]为基本模型,通过参数分析,共建立了12个有限元模型,样本数据共60组,其中70%用于训练模型,30%用于测试样本,为提高各模型的泛化能力,训练集和测试集样本均采用随机选择。
表2给出了参考文献中SPRC连梁试件参数的取值范围,其中hb分别为SPRC连梁的截面高度和宽度;ln/h为SPRC连梁跨高比;ρpρsρt分别为SPRC连梁的钢板配板率、纵筋配筋率和箍筋配箍率;fpyfsyfty分别为钢板屈服强度、纵筋屈服强度和箍筋屈服强度;n为SPRC连梁试件数量;另外,将混凝土立方体抗压强度转化为150 mm × 150 mm × 150 mm标准立方体试件的抗压强度(fcu)。
SPRC连梁特征参数的皮尔逊相关性图如图2所示,当r=-1时,2个参数呈现线性负相关;r=1时,则呈现线性正相关;r=0时,2个参数无线性关系。可以发现,其中ρtρsfty之间具有较大相关性,这是因为数据库中部分SPRC连梁试件并没有设置箍筋所导致,但对于SPRC连梁中箍筋承担了一定的剪力,因此本文设置了与箍筋相关的特征参数,其余各特征参数之间相关性均小于0.5,这也表明了数据库中特征参数选择的合理性。
图3(a)~(d)为单一ML算法的预测结果,图3(e)~(f)为集成学习算法的预测结果。各预测模型的训练集与测试集的决定系数(R2)最大差值为0.05,各模型均未出现欠拟合和过拟合。ML模型的整体预测结果在20%权益线以内,ML模型对新数据具有较好的预测能力。
图4为基于单一ML算法和基于集成ML算法预测模型的性能指标对比图。在单一ML算法中,BPNN预测模型和SVM预测模型的RMSE均低于46 kN,MAE低于38 kN,MAPE低于10%。然而,KNN模型的R2仅为0.76,MAPE为14.23%,是单一ML模型预测精度最低的模型。此外,为了验证训练模型在预测新数据时的鲁棒性和泛化能力,对多个数据集进行了随机预测,结果表明,基于SVM预测模型的预测精度最高,与其他单一算法预测模型相比,其预测的稳定性更好,波动更小。对于集成学习算法模型,XGBoost和RF预测模型的RMSE值分别为27.96、40.87 kN,MAE值分别为23.53、31.19 kN,MAPE值分别为5.63%、7.47%,表3给出了每个ML模型的性能指标的汇总,其中基于XGBoost的预测模型具有最高的预测精度和较强的稳定性。相比之下,集成算法中的RF预测模型效果不佳,其性能明显低于基于单一算法的SVM预测模型,这是因为数据的差异性和复杂性对于不同的算法模型适应度不同,在本文的连梁数据库中,基于XGBoost算法的预测模型均具有最强的鲁棒性和泛化能力,这是因为XGBoost算法利用了贪婪算法来优化每一棵决策树的建立,即通过遍历所有节点进而得到特征的最优分裂点,确保了每一步的决策都是基于当前状态下最优的选择,使得模型逐步收敛到全局最优解,表4给出了该模型所有SPRC连梁的预测结果。
小跨高比SPRC连梁在往复荷载作用下极易发生剪切破坏,由于不同连梁试件混凝土材料的差异和内嵌钢板规格的差异[39-40],在剪切作用下,内力作用较为复杂,其抗剪承载力通过理论方法计算很难具有普适性。尽管ML方法的可解释性存在一定的局限性,但出于实际工程的需求,其高效精准的优势更为突出。基于SSTM,在小跨高比SPRC连梁的抗剪承载力计算结果基础上[41],进一步推算出了小跨高比钢板-纤维混凝土(steel plate-fiber reinforced concrete,SPFRC)组合连梁的抗剪承载力计算结果,如式(5)所示:
式中:Astrut为混凝土对角压杆截面面积;Ap为钢板对角压杆截面面积;Fv为竖向拉杆中的拉力,主要是由钢板的贡献和箍筋的贡献组合而成;D为连梁内部对角机制所承担的剪力;fy为钢材屈服强度值;θ为对角压杆机制倾角;θ1为竖向机制倾角;文献[42]推荐钢板对角压杆强度取屈服强度的8%,本文推荐取γ=3%。
图5给出了基于SSTM的小跨高比SPFRC连梁抗剪承载力的计算结果和本文基于XGBoost算法预测模型计算结果的对比图,可以发现,基于ML方法的预测精度更高,样本整体标准差和变异系数更小。
对于SPRC连梁承载能力是由其多个特征参数共同决定的,不同的输入参数都可能会改变模型的输出结果,因此每个特征参数对于SPRC连梁承载力的影响程度需要进行量化。参数的敏感性分析包括局部敏感性分析和全局敏感性分析,本文将使用基于方差的Sobol敏感性分析方法,该方法对于混凝土结构敏感性分析具有较好的适用性[43]图6给出SPRC连梁特征参数对于承载力的1阶影响指数和全局影响指数可以发现,单一特征参数钢板配板率(ρp)是影响SPRC连梁承载力的最显著特征,影响指数达到近0.25,约占全部特征参数影响指数的1/4,其次影响最大的特征参数是连梁的截面高度(h)、截面宽度(b)和跨高比(ln/h),三者影响指数的总和约0.5。从全局分析,可以发现,ρph的影响指数出现了不同程度的降低,这也表明各特征参数并不是单独影响SPRC连梁承载力的,特征参数之间存在一定的制约,总的来说,各特征参数对于SPRC连梁承载力的影响程度是明确的,特征参数的全局或1阶影响指数从大到小排序为钢板配板率(ρp)、连梁截面高度(h)、连梁截面宽度(b)、跨高比(ln/h)、箍筋屈服强度(fvy)、纵筋配筋率(ρs)、纵筋屈服强度(fsy)、箍筋配箍率(ρt)、钢板屈服强度(fpy)、混凝土抗压强度(fcu)。
本文结合ML方法对现有小跨高比SPRC连梁试验数据进行了回归训练,得到了具有较高精度的SPRC连梁承载力预测智能模型,得出如下结论:
1)基于XGBoost算法的预测模型具有最好的鲁棒性和泛化能力,数据预测结果的标准差(St.d)和变异系数(Cov)分别为0.0668和0.067 5,具有较高的计算精度。相比于SSTM模型具有更高的计算精度和稳定性。
2)从全局来看,连梁的钢板配板率(ρp)、截面高度(h)、截面宽度(b)和跨高比(ln/h)是影响SPRC连梁承载力的最显著特征,影响指数的总和超过0.75,特征参数的全局或1阶影响指数从大到小排序为ρphbln/hfvyρsfsyρtfpyfcu
在后续研究中,可进一步对SPRC连梁承载力的数据集进行扩充,不断提高模型精度,并在实际工程中进行验证,进而为高层建筑维养工作提供参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金联合基金重点支持项目(U2368203)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51608441)
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JM-220)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0109
  • 接收时间:2024-05-28
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-28
  • 修回日期:2024-06-27
基金
国家自然科学基金联合基金重点支持项目(U2368203)
国家自然科学基金项目(51608441)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2022JM-220)
作者信息
    1.西安理工大学 土木建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
    2.中国建筑一局(集团)有限公司,北京 100161
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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