Article(id=1241794072692723780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241794070289387562, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0507, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1719158400000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-24, revisedDate=1730908800000, revisedDateStr=2024-11-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773996378348, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1761062400000, pubDateStr=2025-10-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773996378348, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773996378348, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996378348, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241794070289387562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='227', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773996377775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996935444, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796409465307627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241794070289387562, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796409465307628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241794070289387562, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=65, endPage=76, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241794072990519374, articleId=1241794072692723780, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Influence of P-Δ effect on the structural residual displacement demands, columnId=1241794071602200899, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=Research Paper, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To reveal the effect of P-Δ on the residual displacement ductility demand of structures, the damage-based residual displacement ductility demand ratio spectrum μres of single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems was conducted based on the Park-Ang damage model. The data were statistically processed to evaluate the effect of soil type, elastic stability coefficient θ, ultimate ductility coefficient μu and hysteretic model on damage-based μres. A prediction equation was proposed to estimate damage-based μres of SDOF systems through regression analysis. The differences of μres based on damage approach and ductility approach were compared and analyzed. Results show that the error in the estimation of damage-based μres when mean values along the earthquake population are considered without any soil distinction is inside 10%. When the P-Δ effect is not considered, the influence of μu on damage based μres exceeds 20%. When the P-Δ effect is considered, the influence of μu on damage based μres exceeds 50%. The ductility-based μres tend to be conservative compared to the damage-based ones. Finally, the prediction equation for the estimate of damage-based μres is proposed, which can be applied to the evaluation of residual displacement ductility demand ratio and seismic resilience.

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为揭示P-Δ效应对基于损伤结构残余位移延性需求的影响规律,基于Park-Ang损伤模型建立单自由度体系基于损伤的残余位移延性系数μres谱,研究场地类别、弹性稳定系数θ、极限延性系数μu以及滞回模型对基于损伤μres谱的影响。通过回归分析,建立考虑P-Δ效应的基于损伤μres谱预测方程,对比分析基于延性和基于损伤μres谱的差异。研究结果表明:场地类别对基于损伤μres谱的影响不超过10%;不考虑P-Δ效应时,μu对基于损伤μres谱的影响超过20%,考虑P-Δ效应时,μu对基于损伤μres谱的影响超过50%;与基于损伤理论的μres谱相比,基于延性理论的μres谱值估计趋于保守;构建了考虑P-Δ效应的基于损伤μres谱比预测方程。研究结果可用于结构残余位移延性需求准确评估以及结构抗震韧性评价。

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刘巴黎(1991—),男,讲师,博士,主要从事地震工程和结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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刘巴黎(1991—),男,讲师,博士,主要从事地震工程和结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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刘巴黎(1991—),男,讲师,博士,主要从事地震工程和结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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Failure state and their corresponding damage indices

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破坏状态基本完好轻微破坏中等破坏严重破坏接近倒塌倒塌
DS(0,0.1](0.1,0.2](0.2,0.5](0.5,0.8](0.8,1.0](1.0,+∞)
), ArticleFig(id=1241802953145778340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794072692723780, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

破坏状态及其对应的损伤指数

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破坏状态基本完好轻微破坏中等破坏严重破坏接近倒塌倒塌
DS(0,0.1](0.1,0.2](0.2,0.5](0.5,0.8](0.8,1.0](1.0,+∞)
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Regression parameters of the prediction formulas for damage-based μres spectrum

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极限延性系数μu回归参数拟合优度R2
a b c d
21.3783.0110.0080.5740.986
40.4553.1420.0120.4120.994
6-0.0783.0450.0130.4100.974
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基于损伤μres谱预测公式回归参数

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极限延性系数μu回归参数拟合优度R2
a b c d
21.3783.0110.0080.5740.986
40.4553.1420.0120.4120.994
6-0.0783.0450.0130.4100.974
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Regression parameters of the prediction formulas for damage-based μres ratio

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弹性稳定系数θ回归参数拟合优度R2
a b c d
0.050.003-0.093-0.242-0.7910.979
0.10.003-0.144-0.288-1.2400.981
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基于损伤μres谱比预测公式回归参数

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弹性稳定系数θ回归参数拟合优度R2
a b c d
0.050.003-0.093-0.242-0.7910.979
0.10.003-0.144-0.288-1.2400.981
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P-Δ效应对结构残余位移需求的影响
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刘巴黎 1 , 李芝轩 1 , 胡进军 2, 3 , 谢礼立 2, 3
地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025,45(5): 65-76
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地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025, 45(5): 65-76
P-Δ效应对结构残余位移需求的影响
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刘巴黎1 , 李芝轩1, 胡进军2, 3, 谢礼立2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.湖南科技大学土木工程学院,湖南湘潭411201
  • 2.中国地震局工程力学研究所地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080
  • 3.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080
  • 刘巴黎(1991—),男,讲师,博士,主要从事地震工程和结构抗震研究。E-mail:

Influence of P-Δ effect on the structural residual displacement demands
Bali LIU1 , Zhixuan LI1, Jinjun HU2, 3, Lili XIE2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan 411201, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China
出版时间: 2025-10-22 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0507
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为揭示P-Δ效应对基于损伤结构残余位移延性需求的影响规律,基于Park-Ang损伤模型建立单自由度体系基于损伤的残余位移延性系数μres谱,研究场地类别、弹性稳定系数θ、极限延性系数μu以及滞回模型对基于损伤μres谱的影响。通过回归分析,建立考虑P-Δ效应的基于损伤μres谱预测方程,对比分析基于延性和基于损伤μres谱的差异。研究结果表明:场地类别对基于损伤μres谱的影响不超过10%;不考虑P-Δ效应时,μu对基于损伤μres谱的影响超过20%,考虑P-Δ效应时,μu对基于损伤μres谱的影响超过50%;与基于损伤理论的μres谱相比,基于延性理论的μres谱值估计趋于保守;构建了考虑P-Δ效应的基于损伤μres谱比预测方程。研究结果可用于结构残余位移延性需求准确评估以及结构抗震韧性评价。

P-Δ效应  /  残余位移  /  延性需求  /  损伤指数  /  性态设计

To reveal the effect of P-Δ on the residual displacement ductility demand of structures, the damage-based residual displacement ductility demand ratio spectrum μres of single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems was conducted based on the Park-Ang damage model. The data were statistically processed to evaluate the effect of soil type, elastic stability coefficient θ, ultimate ductility coefficient μu and hysteretic model on damage-based μres. A prediction equation was proposed to estimate damage-based μres of SDOF systems through regression analysis. The differences of μres based on damage approach and ductility approach were compared and analyzed. Results show that the error in the estimation of damage-based μres when mean values along the earthquake population are considered without any soil distinction is inside 10%. When the P-Δ effect is not considered, the influence of μu on damage based μres exceeds 20%. When the P-Δ effect is considered, the influence of μu on damage based μres exceeds 50%. The ductility-based μres tend to be conservative compared to the damage-based ones. Finally, the prediction equation for the estimate of damage-based μres is proposed, which can be applied to the evaluation of residual displacement ductility demand ratio and seismic resilience.

P-Δ effect  /  residual displacement  /  ductility demand  /  damage index  /  performance-based design
刘巴黎, 李芝轩, 胡进军, 谢礼立. P-Δ效应对结构残余位移需求的影响. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (5) : 65 -76 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0507
Bali LIU, Zhixuan LI, Jinjun HU, Lili XIE. Influence of P-Δ effect on the structural residual displacement demands[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (5) : 65 -76 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0507
在大震作用下,工程结构的P-Δ效应较为明显,结构从弹性阶段往复运动转变为弹塑性阶段单向偏移运动。随着弹塑性阶段结构刚度的降低,结构瞬时位移和永久位移(残余位移)显著增大,甚至可能导致结构动力失稳[1-3]。在工程结构静力设计阶段,构件内力放大系数法和位移放大系数法作为考虑P-Δ效应的简化方法被广泛应用。放大系数作为量化P-Δ效应的参数,可表示为λ=1/(1-θ),其中θ为稳定系数。研究人员关注的问题在于P-Δ效应的容许范围,包括忽略P-Δ效应时稳定系数的上限以及结构动力失稳时稳定系数的下限。
针对上述问题, ROSENBLUTH[4]、BERNAL[5]和MACRAE等[6]对结构P-Δ效应进行了系统研究,并讨论了P-Δ效应放大系数与稳定系数、延性系数以及滞后特性的关系。GUPTA等[7]研究了具有双折线模型钢结构在强震作用下的P-Δ效应,结果表明钢结构动力响应对地震动较为敏感,且长持时地震动作用下钢结构的P-Δ效应更为明显。翟长海等[2]基于四类场地344条地震动记录,研究了P-Δ效应对基于延性位移比谱的影响,给出了考虑P-Δ效应的基于延性位移比谱修正公式。魏斌等[8]研究了考虑P-Δ效应的桥梁单墩体系地震反应和设计方法,通过回归分析给出了考虑P-Δ效应的桥梁单墩体系内力放大系数和位移放大系数预测公式。DE FRANCESCO等[9-11]基于7 032条地震动记录,研究了P-Δ效应对具有不同滞回模型的单自由度(single degree of freedom, SDOF)体系地震位移响应的影响,通过回归分析给出了考虑P-Δ效应的SDOF体系位移放大系数。
目前,考虑P-Δ效应的地震位移响应研究仅限于最大位移,而P-Δ效应对结构残余位移响应的影响研究尚未见于文献。近年来,残余位移逐渐被用于工程结构地震损伤评估[12-18], FEMA P-58[19]和GB/T 38591—2020《建筑抗震韧性评价标准》[20]分别将残余位移作为结构可修复评估以及韧性评价的重要指标。
作为表征强震作用下结构损伤的重要参数,残余位移比(Cr)谱的提出主要经历了3种形式。第1种形式为基于强度Cr谱(残余位移比-屈服强度系数-周期,Cr-R-T)。RUIZ-GARCIA等[12]系统研究了地震特征参数(震级和断层距)、场地类别、屈服强度系数以及滞回模型对SDOF体系基于强度Cr谱的影响,并通过回归分析构建了SDOF体系基于强度Cr谱的预测方程。第2种形式为基于延性Cr谱(残余位移比-延性系数-周期,Cr-μ-T)。HARIKRISHNAN等[14]系统研究了地震特征参数(震级和断层距)、场地类别以及地震动特性(持时)对SDOF体系基于延性Cr谱的影响,并对基于延性Cr谱进行了标定。
为了兼顾位移延性及累积滞回耗能对结构损伤的影响, LIU等[17]和HU等[18]提出了结构Cr谱的第3种形式,基于损伤Cr谱(残余位移比-损伤指数-周期,Cr-DI-T),系统研究了场地类别、损伤模型及滞回模型对基于损伤的Cr谱的影响,并通过回归分析构建了地震动作用下SDOF体系基于损伤Cr谱的预测方程。PARK等[21-22]提出损伤指数可同时考虑累积滞回耗能以及结构位移延性的影响,揭示结构构件在地震作用下延性及累积损伤耦合作用的破坏机理,在结构损伤评估领域具有一定的先进性而被广泛采用。
针对上述问题,本文系统研究了P-Δ效应对基于损伤的结构残余位移延性需求(残余位移与屈服位移之比,表示为μres)的影响规律,详细探讨场地类别、弹性稳定系数θ、极限延性系数μu以及滞回模型对基于损伤残余位移延性需求的影响,对比分析基于延性和基于损伤残余位移延性需求的差异,通过回归分析构建结构基于损伤残余位移延性需求谱的预测方程,以期为结构残余位移需求准确评估以及精细化结构抗震韧性评价提供参考。
PARK等[21-22]损伤指数表达式为
式中:uuumuy分别为极限位移、峰值位移和屈服位移;μμu分别为位移延性系数和极限延性系数;Fy为屈服强度;Eh为滞回耗能;β为耗能系数,反映循环荷载作用下结构响应的变化规律。
通过大量文献调研可以发现,研究人员通常将结构破坏状态划分为基本完好、轻微破坏、中等破坏、严重破坏、接近倒塌以及倒塌6种状态。结构破坏状态对应的损伤指数略有差别,本文按照FEMA356[23]的建议将6种结构破坏状态对应的5个损伤指数限值划分为0.1、0.2、0.5、0.8、1.0,见表1
SDOF体系考虑P-Δ效应的运动方程为
式中:m为质量;c为阻尼系数;分别为体系相对地面的加速度、地面运动的加速度和相对地面的速度;fx,t)为体系恢复力;k0为体系未考虑P-Δ效应的初始刚度;θ=mg/k0h为弹性稳定系数[4],这里表征P-Δ效应的大小,θ越大说明P-Δ效应影响越大;h为体系的高度。
SDOF体系滞回耗能Eh[24]的表达式为
式中,kp=k0-mg/h为考虑P-Δ效应的刚度。对SDOF体系引入强度折减系数R,其表达式为
式中, DIi为给定的损伤指数,下标i为给定损伤指数DI的序号;Fe为地震作用下SDOF体系保持弹性所需的最小强度,可以表示SDOF体系质量m和周期T对应的谱加速度值Sa的乘积。uy可以表示为
将式(3)、式(4)和式(5)代入式(1),得到DI的表达式为
基于上述推导可以求出SDOF体系的位移响应,并通过SDOF体系非线性时程分析提取结构残余位移ur,建立基于损伤的μres谱,分析流程见图1。值得注意的是,为了能从时程响应曲线中提取有效的ur,每条地震动记录后增加10 s零加速度时程。
首先,基于PEER NGA-West2地震动数据库,选取了自1952年来全世界范围内19次地震的1 366条地震动记录,矩震级Mw大于6.0,断层距大于10 km,地震动峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration, PGA)大于0.05 g。按照国家地震减灾计划(national earthquake hazard reduction program, NEHRP)[25]规范场地划分标准将场地分为三类,其中B类(地表以下30 m范围内的土层平均剪切波速VS30为760~1525 m/s)、C类(VS30为360~760 m/s)以及D类(VS30为180~360 m/s)场地地震动的数量分别为48、586、732条。
其次,为了充分考虑地震动幅值和持时的影响,参考文献[17-18]中的地震动记录分类方法,将C类和D类场地地震动记录按照PGA分为(0.05,0.15]g、(0.15,0.25]g以及(0.25,0.70]g这3组,分别表示为。然后再将按照PGA分组的每一小组地震动按照地震动持时(ground motion duration, GMD)细分为(5,10]s、(10,15]s、(15,20]s这3组,分别表示为。地震动持时采用5%~95%重要持时,为地震动加速度记录的能量累积达到5%和95%这2个阈值之间的时间段。由此可知, C类和D类场地地震动记录按照地震动幅值和持时分为9组。
然后,为了考虑地震动频谱的影响,从9组地震动记录中分别选取若干条记录组成地震动记录集,使其地震动反应谱与B类场地48条地震动记录的反应谱在整个周期段范围能较好匹配。
最后,筛选出C类和D类场地地震动记录的数量分别90条,即按照地震动幅值和持时分组的每一小组包含的地震动记录都为10条。选取的三类场地地震动记录共计228条。B类、C类以及D类场地地震动记录的平均加速度反应谱(Sa)、速度反应谱(Sv)、位移反应谱(Sd)以及标准化的加速度反应谱(Sa/PGA)分别见图2(a)、(b)、(c)、(d)。由图可知, B类场地地震动记录的平均加速度反应谱谱值小于C类以及D类场地地震动记录的平均加速度反应谱谱值,这是由于B类场地地震动记录的PGA与C类以及D类场地地震动记录的PGA之间存在重要差异;三类场地地震动记录标准化加速度反应谱谱值在整个周期段范围内差距很小,即三类场地地震动记录的加速度反应谱在整个周期段范围能较好地匹配。
值得说明的是, B类场地地震动记录按照地震动幅值和持时分组时,以及包含的地震动记录数量分别为10、10、19、4、2、3条。从PGA角度分析, B类场地仅包含(0.05,0.15]g和(0.15,0.25]g这2个范围的地震动记录,且81%的记录属于(0.05,0.15]g范围。从地震动持时角度分析, B类场地地震动记录的分布更有规律,(5,10]s、(10,15]s以及(15,20]s范围包含的地震动记录数量分别为14、12、22。
针对双折线(bilinear plastic, BP)模型、修正的Clough(modified Clough, MC)模型以及完全损伤(peak oriented P-O)模型的SDOF体系进行非线性时程分析,按照1.2节给出的分析流程计算ur并建立基于损伤的μres谱,三类滞回模型见图3。分析变量考虑如下:①SDOF体系周期T取为0.1~3.0 s,间隔为0.1 s;②弹性稳定系数θ取值为0~0.1,间隔为0.025;③损伤指数取值为0.1、0.2、0.5、0.8、1.0;④极限延性系数μu取为2、4、6,结构耗能系数β按照COSENZA等[26]基于大量构件试验结果取中位值0.15;⑤屈服后刚度系数α取值为0.05。
本文先分别计算B、C以及D三类场地地震动作用下的基于损伤μres平均谱,分别表示为μres, Bμres, C以及μres, D;同时计算不区分场地类别的228条地震动作用下的基于损伤μres平均谱,表示为μres, BCD。然后分别计算B、C、D三类场地地震动作用下的基于损伤μres平均谱与不区分场地类别的228条地震动作用下的基于损伤μres平均谱的差值。最后分别求取三类场地差值与228条地震动作用下基于损伤μres平均谱的比值,分别表示为(μres, B-μres, BCD)/μres, BCD、(μres, C-μres, BCD)/μres, BCD以及(μres, D-μres, BCD)/μres, BCD图4(a)、(b)、(c)分别给出了三类场地, DI=0.2以及θ=0.05下基于损伤μres的谱比。图4(d)、(e)、(f)分别给出了三类场地, DI=0.8以及θ=0.05下基于损伤μres的谱比。图4(g)、(h)、(i)分别给出了三类场地, BP模型以及DI=0.5下基于损伤μres的谱比。
图4可知,在整个周期段内,不同损伤指数DI、不同弹性稳定系数θ、不同滞回模型对应的B、C、D三类场地基于损伤μres谱比(μres, B-μres, BCD)/μres, BCD、(μres, C-μres, BCD)/μres, BCD以及(μres, D-μres, BCD)/μres, BCD都介于-0.1~0.1之间。说明场地对基于损伤μres谱值的影响不超过10%,使用不区分场地类别地震动作用下的基于损伤μres谱分别代替B、C以及D三类场地地震动作用下的基于损伤μres谱评估结构残余位移延性需求时,误差不超过10%。因此,本文进行后续分析时不再按照场地类别对地震动记录进行分类。
不同弹性稳定系数θ下的基于损伤μres均值谱见图5,考虑P-Δ效应基于损伤μres谱(μresθ=i与不考虑P-Δ效应基于损伤μres谱(μresθ=0的谱比见图6,基于损伤μres的变异系数(coecients of variation, COV)谱见图7,其中COV为标准差与均值的比值,用来反映基于损伤μres的离散性。SDOF体系滞回模型为BP模型,μu取值为4。由图5可知,在整个周期段内,基于损伤μres谱值随弹性稳定系数θ增大而增大,且损伤指数DI越大则基于损伤μres谱值随弹性稳定系数θ增大的幅度越大。在整个周期段内,基于损伤μres谱值随损伤指数DI增大而增大。由图6可知,考虑P-Δ效应与不考虑P-Δ效应基于损伤μres谱比随弹性稳定系数θ增大而增大,且随自振周期T增大而先增大后减小最后趋于稳定;在整个周期段内,考虑P-Δ效应与不考虑P-Δ效应基于损伤μres谱比随损伤指数DI增大而增大。由图7可知,在整个周期段内,基于损伤μres的COV值趋于不变,即基于损伤μres的COV值对自振周期T变化不敏感;基于损伤μres的COV值随损伤指数DI增大而略有增大;基于损伤μres的COV值随弹性稳定系数θ增大而减小。
极限延性系数μu分别取2与6时基于损伤μres谱与μu取4时基于损伤μres谱之比,见图8。其中, SDOF体系滞回模型为BP模型,弹性稳定系数θ取值为0与0.1。由图8可知,极限延性系数μu取2对应的基于损伤μres谱比值小于1.0,且谱比值随损伤指数DI增大有增大的趋势;极限延性系数μu取6对应的基于损伤μres谱比值大于1.0,且谱比值随损伤指数DI增大有减小的趋势;当弹性稳定系数θ取0时,极限延性系数μu为2对应的基于损伤μres谱比值小于0.8,说明不考虑P-Δ效应时极限延性系数μu对基于损伤μres谱的影响超过20%;当弹性稳定系数θ取0.1时,极限延性系数μu为2对应的基于损伤μres谱比值小于0.5,极限延性系数μu为6对应的基于损伤μres谱比值大于1.5,说明考虑P-Δ效应(θ=0.1)时极限延性系数μu对基于损伤μres谱的影响超过50%。总体而言,在整个周期段内,基于损伤μres谱值随极限延性系数μu增大而增大,且考虑P-Δ效应时极限延性系数μu对基于损伤μres谱值的影响增大。
SDOF体系MC模型对应的基于损伤μres谱与BP模型对应的基于损伤μres谱之比,见图(a)、(b)、(c)。SDOF体系P-O模型对应的基于损伤μres谱与BP模型对应的基于损伤μres谱之比,见图9(d)、(e)和(f)。其中,μu取值为4,弹性稳定系数θ取值为0、0.05与0.10。由图9可知:在整个周期段内且考虑P-Δ效应(θ为0.05、0.10)时, MC模型μres谱比和P-O模型μres谱比均接近于0.5,自振周期T与损伤指数DI对MC模型μres谱比和P-O模型μres谱比的影响较小;不考虑P-Δ效应(θ=0)时, MC模型μres谱比和P-O模型μres谱比均小于0.8,且谱比随DI增大而增大。这是因为MC模型和P-O模型在地震动作用下进入大量非线性滞回循环,在屈服后由于卸载刚度退化而出现复位特性,故而产生比卸载刚度无退化的BP模型SDOF体系更小的μres需求。
通过回归分析建立基于损伤μres均值谱预测公式。如前文所述, DI、T以及μu对基于损伤μres均值谱影响显著,通过回归分析建立基于损伤μres均值谱预测公式时必须考虑这些因素的影响。同时,构造的预测公式必须满足式(7)和式(8)的边界条件。本文给出了SDOF体系BP模型的基于损伤μres均值谱预测公式,其表达式为
基于损伤μres均值谱的回归参数abcd可通过Levenberg-Marquardt算法[27]回归分析得到,回归参数值见表2
极限延性系数μu为2、4、6时,基于损伤μres谱统计值和预测值对比见图10(a)、(b)、(c)。由表2中的拟合优度及基于损伤μres谱统计值和预测值对比可知,本文构建的预测公式能精确地预测结构基于损伤μres谱值。值得注意的是,本文的研究对象为BP模型、MC模型以及P-O模型SDOF体系。因此, SDOF体系BP模型且μu取6时,本文构建的预测公式适用于钢结构。SDOF体系MC模型且μu取4时,适用于钢筋混凝土结构。SDOF体系P-O模型且μu取2时,适用于预应力钢筋混凝土结构。
通过回归分析建立考虑P-Δ效应基于损伤μres谱(μresθ=i与不考虑P-Δ效应基于损伤μres谱(μresθ=0的谱比预测公式。如第3.3节所述, DI、T以及θ对考虑P-Δ效应基于损伤μres谱(μresθ=i与不考虑P-Δ效应基于损伤μres谱(μresθ=0谱比影响显著,通过回归分析建立谱比预测公式时必须考虑这些因素的影响。本文给出了SDOF体系BP模型μu取值为4的谱比预测公式,其表达式为
基于损伤μres谱比的回归参数abcd可通过Levenberg-Marquardt算法[27]回归分析得到,回归参数值见表3
考虑P-Δ效应基于损伤μres谱(μresθ=i与不考虑P-Δ效应基于损伤μres谱(μresθ=0谱比统计值和预测值对比见图11。由表3中的拟合优度及谱比统计值和预测值对比可知,本文构建的考虑P-Δ效应基于损伤μres谱(μresθ=i与不考虑P-Δ效应基于损伤μres谱(μresθ=0谱比预测公式能精确地预测结构考虑P-Δ效应的基于损伤μres谱值。
基于延性μres谱与基于损伤μres谱之比见图12。其中, SDOF体系滞回模型为BP模型,极限延性系数μu取值为2、4、6,损伤指数DI取值为1.0,弹性稳定系数θ取值为0、0.05。由图可知,在整个周期段内,基于延性μres与基于损伤μres谱比值大于1.0,即基于延性μres谱值大于基于损伤μres谱值。这说明与基于损伤理论相比,基于延性理论的结构μres谱估计趋于保守。
其次,基于延性μres与基于损伤μres谱比与极限延性系数μu以及弹性稳定系数θ相关,与自振周期T无关;基于延性μres与基于损伤μres谱比随极限延性系数μu增大而增大;与不考虑P-Δ效应时的谱比相比,考虑P-Δ效应(θ=0.05)时基于延性μres与基于损伤μres谱比更大,且考虑P-Δ效应(θ=0.05)时极限延性系数μu对基于延性μres与基于损伤μres谱比的影响增大。
基于延性μres谱仅考虑位移延性对结构μres的影响,不能考虑位移延性和累积耗能对结构μres的耦合影响。值得一提的是,结构延性需求通常小于延性能力,故而基于延性的弹塑性反应谱对延性的考虑并不是基于极限状态。因此,上述2点为基于延性μres谱和基于损伤μres谱的最大区别之处。
本文研究了结构考虑P-Δ效应的基于损伤μres谱,探讨了场地类别、弹性稳定系数θ、极限延性系数μu以及滞回模型对基于损伤μres谱的影响,得出如下主要结论:
1)场地类别对基于损伤μres谱值的影响不超过10%,不区分地震动类别评估结构残余位移延性需求时,误差不超过10%。
2)考虑P-Δ效应时,极限延性系数μu对基于损伤μres谱的影响超过50%;反之,极限延性系数μu对基于损伤μres谱的影响超过20%。考虑P-Δ效应时,具有刚度退化模型的结构基于损伤μres与刚度无退化模型的结构基于损伤μres谱比值接近0.5;反之,结构基于损伤μres谱比值小于0.8。
3)基于延性μres谱与基于损伤μres谱比值大于1.0,说明与损伤理论相比,基于延性理论的结构μres谱值估计趋于保守。
4)构建了基于损伤μres谱以及考虑P-Δ效应的基于损伤μres谱比的预测方程,结果可用于结构残余位移延性需求评估以及结构抗震韧性评价。
  • 国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1939210)
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52408529)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0507
  • 接收时间:2024-06-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-10-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-24
  • 修回日期:2024-11-07
基金
国家自然科学基金重点项目(U1939210)
国家自然科学基金项目(52408529)
作者信息
    1.湖南科技大学土木工程学院,湖南湘潭411201
    2.中国地震局工程力学研究所地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080
    3.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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