Article(id=1241794071384097088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241794070289387562, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0503, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1741276800000, receivedDateStr=2025-03-07, revisedDate=1753372800000, revisedDateStr=2025-07-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773996378036, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1761062400000, pubDateStr=2025-10-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773996378036, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773996378036, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996378036, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241794070289387562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='227', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773996377775, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996935444, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796409465307627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241794070289387562, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796409465307628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241794070289387562, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=18, endPage=26, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241794072118100296, articleId=1241794071384097088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Typical seismic damage characteristics of bridges in the MS6.8 Dingri earthquake in Xizang, columnId=1241794071132442668, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=Special Section:Topic on Dingri MS6.8 Earthquake in Xizang on January 7, 2025, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

On January 7, 2025, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck the Dingri region of Xizang Autonomous Region, resulting in certain damage to bridge structures. Based on field investigations, this paper primarily documents the seismic damage observed at the following bridges: Bridge No.1 and Bridge No.2 on County Road Guoqu X222, the Zacun No.2 Bridge on G219 Gading Line, and the Jijiao Bridge in Sakya County. Furthermore, the failure causes of the seismic damage to structural components in each bridge are preliminarily analyzed by integrating information such as the positional relationship between the main fault and the bridges, and ground motion records from seismic stations. The bridges damaged in this earthquake were predominantly of hollow slab girder structures, with the seismic damage primarily manifesting as minor destruction. Key observations include severe damage to the slope protection of abutments, lateral displacement of main girders without failure of the restraining block, and multiple instances of cracking or crushing in the bearing pedestals. Finally, this paper summarizes the lessons and techinical insights that are of practical guiding value.

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2025年1月7日,西藏自治区定日县发生6.8级地震,导致桥梁结构出现一定的损伤。该文基于现场调查,主要介绍了国曲线X222线1号桥、2号桥、G219噶定线杂村二号桥及萨迦县机脚桥的震害。结合主断裂与桥梁的位置关系、台站地震动记录等信息,初步分析了各桥构件震害的失效原因。地震中受损的桥梁主要为空心板梁结构,震害以轻微破坏为主,主要体现在桥台的锥坡发生严重破坏,主梁侧移但挡块未发生破坏,支座垫石多处出现裂缝或压碎的情况。最后,该文提炼了具有实践指导价值的经验教训及技术启示。

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彭宇轩(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事桥梁抗震、桥梁减隔震研究。E-mail:
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孙得璋(1982—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事桥梁抗震、减隔震、加固和评估等研究。E-mail:

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孙得璋(1982—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事桥梁抗震、减隔震、加固和评估等研究。E-mail:

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Beijing: China Communications Press, 2023. 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802940831306237, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794071384097088, language=CN, label=图5, caption=XZ.D0007台站三向时程记录及对应傅里叶频谱

注:中国地震局工程力学研究所强震动观测中心提供数据支持。

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Brief description of investigated bridges and damage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号名称位置震中距/km主梁类型跨度/m桥墩形式测量墩高/m烈度震害简述
1国曲线X222线1号桥28°32′N,87°27′E4.1空心板梁6×20双柱式墩4~69度锥坡破坏严重,部分梁轻微水平侧移,个别支座垫石边缘开裂
2国曲线X222线2号桥28°32′N,87°26′E3.1空心板梁5×20双柱式墩4~69度锥坡破坏严重,个别支座垫石变形压碎
3G219噶定线杂村二号桥28°32′N,87°32′E9.0空心板梁1×109度锥坡严重破坏;一侧矮侧墙出现多处裂缝,部分支座垫石出现裂缝,支座发生变形无法恢复
4萨迦县机脚桥28°31′N,87°45′E29.6空心板梁3×15双柱式墩37度桥墩发生不均匀沉降,支座有一定滑移,2个桥墩顶部钢筋裸露
5协林藏布一号桥28°29′N,87°41′E23.1混凝土T梁7×35双柱式墩,
设置金属
护套
7度基本完好
6协林藏布二号桥28°29′N,87°41′E23.7混凝土T梁双柱式墩,
设置金属
护套
7度基本完好
7帕泽朗大桥28°58′N,87°56′E69.1混凝土T梁17×30双柱式墩56度基本完好
), ArticleFig(id=1241802941527560795, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241794071384097088, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

调查的主要桥梁及震害简述

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号名称位置震中距/km主梁类型跨度/m桥墩形式测量墩高/m烈度震害简述
1国曲线X222线1号桥28°32′N,87°27′E4.1空心板梁6×20双柱式墩4~69度锥坡破坏严重,部分梁轻微水平侧移,个别支座垫石边缘开裂
2国曲线X222线2号桥28°32′N,87°26′E3.1空心板梁5×20双柱式墩4~69度锥坡破坏严重,个别支座垫石变形压碎
3G219噶定线杂村二号桥28°32′N,87°32′E9.0空心板梁1×109度锥坡严重破坏;一侧矮侧墙出现多处裂缝,部分支座垫石出现裂缝,支座发生变形无法恢复
4萨迦县机脚桥28°31′N,87°45′E29.6空心板梁3×15双柱式墩37度桥墩发生不均匀沉降,支座有一定滑移,2个桥墩顶部钢筋裸露
5协林藏布一号桥28°29′N,87°41′E23.1混凝土T梁7×35双柱式墩,
设置金属
护套
7度基本完好
6协林藏布二号桥28°29′N,87°41′E23.7混凝土T梁双柱式墩,
设置金属
护套
7度基本完好
7帕泽朗大桥28°58′N,87°56′E69.1混凝土T梁17×30双柱式墩56度基本完好
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西藏定日6.8级地震桥梁震害特征分析
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孙得璋 1, 2 , 彭宇轩 1, 2 , 林旭川 1, 2 , 鲁懿虬 3 , 马新生 1, 2 , 黄勇 1, 2 , 雷红雨 4
地震工程与工程振动 | 专题:2025年1月7日西藏定日6.8级地震 2025,45(5): 18-26
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地震工程与工程振动 | 专题:2025年1月7日西藏定日6.8级地震 2025, 45(5): 18-26
西藏定日6.8级地震桥梁震害特征分析
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孙得璋1, 2 , 彭宇轩1, 2 , 林旭川1, 2, 鲁懿虬3, 马新生1, 2, 黄勇1, 2, 雷红雨4
作者信息
  • 1.中国地震局工程力学研究所地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080
  • 2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080
  • 3.同济大学土木工程学院结构防灾减灾工程系,上海200092
  • 4.云南凤魏高速公路有限公司,云南临沧677000
  • 孙得璋(1982—),男,副研究员,博士,主要从事桥梁抗震、减隔震、加固和评估等研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

彭宇轩(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事桥梁抗震、桥梁减隔震研究。E-mail:
Typical seismic damage characteristics of bridges in the MS6.8 Dingri earthquake in Xizang
Dezhang SUN1, 2 , Yuxuan PENG1, 2 , Xuchuan LIN1, 2, Yiqiu LU3, Xinsheng MA1, 2, Yong HUANG1, 2, Hongyu LEI4
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China
  • 3.Tongji University, Department of Structural Disaster Prevention and Reduction Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Shanghai 200092, China
  • 4.Yunnan Fengwei Expressway Co., Ltd., Lincang 677000, China
出版时间: 2025-10-22 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0503
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2025年1月7日,西藏自治区定日县发生6.8级地震,导致桥梁结构出现一定的损伤。该文基于现场调查,主要介绍了国曲线X222线1号桥、2号桥、G219噶定线杂村二号桥及萨迦县机脚桥的震害。结合主断裂与桥梁的位置关系、台站地震动记录等信息,初步分析了各桥构件震害的失效原因。地震中受损的桥梁主要为空心板梁结构,震害以轻微破坏为主,主要体现在桥台的锥坡发生严重破坏,主梁侧移但挡块未发生破坏,支座垫石多处出现裂缝或压碎的情况。最后,该文提炼了具有实践指导价值的经验教训及技术启示。

定日地震  /  空心板梁  /  支座垫石  /  桥台锥坡  /  挡块

On January 7, 2025, a magnitude 6.8 earthquake struck the Dingri region of Xizang Autonomous Region, resulting in certain damage to bridge structures. Based on field investigations, this paper primarily documents the seismic damage observed at the following bridges: Bridge No.1 and Bridge No.2 on County Road Guoqu X222, the Zacun No.2 Bridge on G219 Gading Line, and the Jijiao Bridge in Sakya County. Furthermore, the failure causes of the seismic damage to structural components in each bridge are preliminarily analyzed by integrating information such as the positional relationship between the main fault and the bridges, and ground motion records from seismic stations. The bridges damaged in this earthquake were predominantly of hollow slab girder structures, with the seismic damage primarily manifesting as minor destruction. Key observations include severe damage to the slope protection of abutments, lateral displacement of main girders without failure of the restraining block, and multiple instances of cracking or crushing in the bearing pedestals. Finally, this paper summarizes the lessons and techinical insights that are of practical guiding value.

Dingri earthquake  /  hollow slab girder  /  bearing pedestal  /  slope protection of abutments  /  restraining block
孙得璋, 彭宇轩, 林旭川, 鲁懿虬, 马新生, 黄勇, 雷红雨. 西藏定日6.8级地震桥梁震害特征分析. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (5) : 18 -26 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0503
Dezhang SUN, Yuxuan PENG, Xuchuan LIN, Yiqiu LU, Xinsheng MA, Yong HUANG, Hongyu LEI. Typical seismic damage characteristics of bridges in the MS6.8 Dingri earthquake in Xizang[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (5) : 18 -26 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0503
2025年1月7日9时5分,西藏自治区日喀则市定日县(28°30′N,87°27′E)发生6.8级地震,震源深度10 km,此次地震是2025年以来我国发生的最大、海拔位置最高的地震,也是全球同期6级以上地震中震级最高的一次[1]。定日地震发生在特提斯喜马拉雅构造单元申扎—定结裂谷系的丁木错断裂,是在青藏高原及邻区上地壳内发生的大型正断层型地震,地震破裂长度约为40 km,破裂持续时间约为27 s[2-4]
本次地震最大地震烈度9度,面积约411 km2,建筑设施等所处平均海拔约4200 m,主要涉及定日县长所乡、曲洛乡、措果乡、尼辖乡和加错乡[5-6]。地震后,中国地震局工程力学研究所定日西藏科考团队对震区的G219线、国曲线X222线上的桥梁进行了调查。通过对定结县至宏观震中线路中桥梁的宏观震害分析,揭示了此次地震造成桥梁,特别是高海拔公路桥梁在这次地震中破坏的形态和原因,总结了经验和教训。
震区桥梁结构以梁桥为主,重点核查以下内容:①上部结构稳定性,包括主梁平面位移量值、落梁风险等级及伸缩缝区域碰撞痕迹;②承重构件完整性,着重检查主梁开裂特征(裂缝走向、宽度及分布密度)、支座工作状态(变形量、位移程度、脱空间隙及锚固螺栓效能);③下部结构损伤,涵盖桥面铺装层破损、盖梁与垫石裂纹形态、防撞挡块完整度,以及墩柱是否存在剪切裂缝、压溃破坏和倾斜等结构性损伤;④基础位移监测,需测量墩台基础的相对位移值并评估锥坡防护结构的有效性。
此次震后调查显示,区域内桥梁未遭受山体垮塌、滑坡掩埋、泥石流或堰塞湖等次生地质灾害的破坏。因此,后续桥梁的破坏等级主要依靠桥梁的直接损伤来判别[7-9],根据中国地震台网中心给出的震中数据将桥梁调查情况以及震中距等列于表1中。
国曲线X222线1号桥(图1)为6跨空心板简支梁桥,每跨20 m,下部结构采用双柱式桥墩,桥墩高度4~6 m,普通橡胶支座,主梁与挡块之间设置防撞橡胶垫见图1(b),总长度为130 m,桥梁于2013年9月1日通车。桥梁位于9度区,距离震中距约4.1 km,有多条地表裂缝穿越桥梁见图1(c),部分裂缝落差30 cm,在距离桥梁南侧6号桥台约400 m的南侧河滩位置,发现2处范围不大的液化点。主要震害表现为桥梁两端桥台的锥坡破坏严重,见图1(d);4号墩位置梁产生轻微水平侧移见图1(e),梁端发生碰撞挤压,混凝土剥落见图1(f);2号墩、3号墩位置盖梁支座垫石边缘压碎,垫石压碎处未发现配筋见图1(g);6号桥台路基发生严重沉降,与桥台脱离21 cm见图1(h),未发现挡块、桥墩破坏以及落梁风险。
国曲线X222线2号桥(图2)为5跨空心板简支梁桥,每跨20 m,下部结构采用双柱式桥墩,桥墩高度为4~6 m,普通橡胶支座,总长度为110 m,主梁与挡块之间设置防撞橡胶垫见图2(b)。桥梁位于9度区,距离震中距约3.1 km,有多条地表裂缝垂直穿越桥台,长度几十至上百米不等见图2(c)。桥梁的主要震害表现为桥台两侧锥坡破坏严重见图2(d)、(e);4号墩一侧支座垫石变形压碎,未发现垫石配筋见图2(f)。除此之外,在距离桥梁A1桥台600 m左右的河滩位置,发现2处范围不大液化点见图2(g),桥台锥坡旁的挡土墙也出现裂缝。未发现桥墩和挡块破坏以及落梁风险。
G219噶定线杂村二号桥为单跨空心板斜交简支梁桥,长度为10 m,无桥墩,采用普通橡胶支座,见图3(a);主梁与挡块之间布置防撞橡胶垫,见图3(b),2019年12月通车。桥梁位于地震烈度9度区,距离震中距约9.0 km,距离主断裂约1 km,主要震害表现为承台锥坡发生了严重破坏;一侧桥台矮侧墙出现多处裂缝并且与梁碰撞导致梁端混凝土剥落见图3(c)、(d)、(e);部分支座垫石出现裂缝见图3(f),橡胶支座发生变形无法恢复见图3(g);桥台与路面碰撞导致路面出现裂缝。除此之外,连接桥梁的道路路基发生大面积的沉降,最大达到20多厘米见图3(h);桥梁和道路两侧场地出现大量场地裂缝以及大面积的液化现象,桥梁距离最近的液化点10 m左右,见图3(i)
萨迦县机脚桥,3跨曲线空心板简支梁桥,双柱式桥墩,桥墩高度3 m,采用普通橡胶支座,桥墩底部设置防冲刷金属护套,每跨梁为直线空心板梁,见图4。桥梁位于地震烈度7度区,距离震中距约29.6 km。多条地表裂缝穿越桥梁见图4(b),2号桥墩发生不均匀沉降,导致空心板梁的相邻梁之间出现缝隙,部分支座有少量滑移,2号桥墩顶部混凝土脱落,钢筋裸露见图4(c)
1)根据GB 18306—2015《中国地震动参数区划图》[10],定日县的设防等级为Ⅶ度0.15 g,定结县的设防等级为Ⅷ度0.2 g。距离震中最近的台站震中距为35.5 km, EW(东西)向、NS(南北)向、UD(垂直)向加速度峰值分别为-1.00、1.08、-63.3 cm/s2,速度峰值分别为-0.13、0.09、0.05 cm/s。台站XZ.D0007距离震中为67.5 km,记录到此次地震的最大峰值加速度。台站XZ.D0007(坐标29°5′N,87°38′E)记录到的最大三向地震动时程及其对应傅里叶振幅谱,见图5。EW向、NS向、UD向加速度峰值分别为3.81、4.19、3.18 cm/s2。时程记录对应的地震反应谱见图6(抗震设防烈度为Ⅶ度0.15 g,设计地震分组为第3组,场地类别为Ⅱ类,场地特征周期为0.45 s[10])。
从地震动记录看, EW向和NS向的加速度相差不大, NS向略大。由图6可知,在0.3~0.4 s周期范围内EW向谱值比NS向大,但衰减的比较快,在0.4 s以后EW向和NS向均小于7度罕遇的反应谱值。通过粗略估计(梁高1.2 m,开孔率50%,梁长20 m,混凝土C40,墩直径1.2 m,高度4~6 m,盖梁1.3 m×1.4 m×6 m,橡胶支座直径0.25 m)国曲线X222线1号桥和2号桥的基本周期在0.5~0.7 s附近,刚好对EW向地震动比较敏感。从国曲线X222线1号桥和2号桥的震害看,主体桥墩、梁体均未发生破坏,而仅仅部分梁发生横向侧移,以及在支座的垫石在EW向有压碎、裂缝等破坏, NS向未发现大的破坏现象,比如落梁、梁与路面碰撞引起等,这一方面反映EW向的反应比NS向大。而超过0.4 s以后地震动加速度值均未超过7度罕遇的应谱值,从侧面说明桥梁满足了设计要求。另外,根据研究[11],本次地震的地震动特征表现为非常明显的上/下盘效应,上盘的地震动峰值加速度(peak ground acceleration, PGA)值较大,但持时较短,而下盘的PGA较小但是持时较长。这也可从侧面说明位于上盘的9度区3座桥梁仅仅发生了轻微破坏的原因。
2)距离震中最近的主断为丁木错断裂[12-14],属于拉张型破裂(图7),丁木错段地表破裂位于丁木错东侧、东南侧的先存断层陡坎上,整体近NNE走向,由多条不连续分布、长度数百米的破裂组成[14]。9度区3座桥梁均处于正断层的上盘,国曲线X222线1号和2号桥距离丁木错断裂约9 km,杂村二号桥距离丁木错断裂约1 km;萨迦县机脚桥处于正断层的下盘,距离丁木错断裂约19 km,但距离郭加断裂非常近。这几座桥梁所处位置均属于高原河流冲积平原,以沙土为主,在桥址位置均发现大量的地裂缝贯穿桥梁。现行的JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》[15]对于小于Ⅷ度的抗震设防烈度不考虑发震断裂引起的地表破裂的影响其他设计规范[16-17],也未对正断层断裂区域设计予以说明。研究表明,地震导致的地形和地貌的显著变化,例如出现地裂现象,会增强结构的动力响应,放大地表加速度,且在基岩波地震作用下影响效果更为显著,从而使结构受到损害[18-19],显然这次地震上盘的桥梁是Ⅶ度设防,而国曲线X222线1号和2号桥桥台及道路路基附近沙土以细沙为主,含水量较少,在EW向地震中道路出现了沉陷和外闪,因此,桥梁的锥坡破坏与地裂缝破坏有直接的关系。另外,萨迦县机脚桥位于定结县,根据文献[14],多次余震发生在丁木错断裂和郭加断裂之间,与郭加断裂的活动的关系更大,而机脚桥处于郭加断裂的延伸线上,且距离很近;考虑到其处于主断裂下盘,地震动强度虽然不大,但是持时长,结合与郭加断裂位置,其破坏与断裂穿越桥梁的关系更大一些[20-21],具体的定量化还需要进一步后续研究。除机脚桥外,位于主断裂上盘的桥梁也明显比下盘的桥梁受灾严重,也具有显著的上盘效应[22-23]
3)根据规范[15,24-25]规定,橡胶支座的垫石按局部承压计算,垫石长度、宽度比支座相应的尺寸增加50 mm,高度在100 mm以上;垫石内应布置钢筋网,采用ϕ8钢筋(间距50 mm×50 mm)且混凝土强度大于等于C30。本次地震中,垫石的尺寸满足规范的规定,但仍多处垫石发生了破坏,从垫石压碎处混凝土可以看到,垫石内没有设置钢筋网,因此,不满足规范的要求。地震中垫石的边缘很容易发生破坏,因此建议在高烈度地区,混凝土外边缘设置钢套箍、环形钢筋或纤维增强复合材料等约束措施以减少混凝土的开裂。9度区的几座桥梁中,主梁与挡块之间设置了橡胶垫[15],从震害看,本次地震中未发现挡块的震害,说明增加的橡胶垫可有效缓冲地震惯性力引起的梁体和挡块的碰撞作用。对于采用桥台矮端墙替代挡块的设计,应将其按照耗能挡块的功能设计。
4)本文介绍的受损的桥梁均为空心板梁结构,其横向约束一般为湿接缝,属于铰接,本质上是混凝土填补缝隙,横向约束较弱。现场中未发现增强横向预应力等加强横向约束的措施。本次地震中,机脚桥的结构形式为外观“曲线”的斜交梁,梁-梁之间不等高,因此,本次地震中其板梁之间的缝隙变大,是2号墩的不均匀沉降、板梁之间横向约束薄弱、斜交桥形式等多种因素综合的结果。
根据对定日6.8级地震桥梁震害的形态和原因的初步分析,得到如下结论:
1)从本次震害看,桥梁的设防等级满足当地的地震烈度和抗震设类别的要求。
2)强化抗震概念设计,结构体系优选准则。应尽量采用几何线形简单、刚度均匀的直桥形式,避免弯、坡、斜桥,以减小地震作用下的扭转效应,应避免类似机脚桥的弯形斜交桥形式。同时,应避开软弱土、液化土等不利场地,优先选择基岩或密实土层。
3)现行的JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》中对于发震断裂的要求是设防烈度小于Ⅷ度时,不予考虑,其他设计规范也未对正断层断裂区域设计予以说明,很显然本次地震发生的地区就是位于设防烈度VII度的区域,正断层导致地面大面积的地表破裂。因此,建议将规范中此条文内容进行修改,并对于正断层地震的情况进行研究。
4)相邻空心板梁间横向联系较弱,传统连接构造及施工方法难以保证其在地震中横向连接的可靠性,需要改进连接构造,确保强震下空心板梁横向连接的可靠性。从破坏的支座垫石来看,未发现垫石配置钢筋,不符合JTG/T 5532—2023《公路桥梁支座和伸缩装置养护与更换技术规范》的规定,该规范定义支座垫石为现浇钢筋混凝土垫块。从震害看,支座垫石应配置钢筋,对于高烈度区,应在垫石边缘设置钢套箍、环形钢筋或纤维增强复合材料等抗拉约束装置防止边缘混凝土在地震中开裂、压碎等破坏。
5)调查的部分桥梁中挡块与主梁之间均设置了橡胶垫,这符合JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》设置橡胶或其他弹性衬垫的要求。从本次震害看,挡块的震害基本保持完好状态,说明橡胶等弹性衬垫可有效缓冲地震惯性力引起的梁体和挡块的碰撞作用。对于采用桥台矮端墙替代挡块的设计,应将其按照耗能挡块的功能设计。
  • 中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2025C01)
  • 黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2024E015)
  • 云南省科技厅重大科技专项计划项目(202402AC080003)
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2025年第45卷第5期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0503
  • 接收时间:2025-03-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-10-22
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  • 收稿日期:2025-03-07
  • 修回日期:2025-07-25
基金
中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2025C01)
黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2024E015)
云南省科技厅重大科技专项计划项目(202402AC080003)
作者信息
    1.中国地震局工程力学研究所地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080
    2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150080
    3.同济大学土木工程学院结构防灾减灾工程系,上海200092
    4.云南凤魏高速公路有限公司,云南临沧677000

通讯作者:

彭宇轩(2000—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事桥梁抗震、桥梁减隔震研究。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dzgcygczd/CN/10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0503
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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