Article(id=1241793463205827474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241793456876618047, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0420, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1710345600000, receivedDateStr=2024-03-14, revisedDate=1716739200000, revisedDateStr=2024-05-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773996233034, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1755792000000, pubDateStr=2025-08-22, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773996233034, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773996233034, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996233034, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241793456876618047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='222', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773996231526, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773997043565, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796862877958695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241793456876618047, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796862877958696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241793456876618047, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=200, endPage=212, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241793463541371804, articleId=1241793463205827474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Seismic performance test and bearing capacity design method of steel plate concrete composite shear walls with PBL connectors, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to expand the application of perfobond leiste (PBL) shear connectors, the low-cycle reciprocating loading tests were conducted on one steel reinforced concrete composite shear wall and four steel plate concrete composite shear walls with PBL shear connectors. The failure mechanism and seismic performance of the specimens were studied. The results show that the failure modes of shear walls under horizontal loads can be divided into two types including bending failure and bending-shear failure. The aspect ratio of the walls, the configuration of steel core plates and the arrangement of the PBL shear connectors are important factors affecting failure modes. PBL shear connectors can facilitate steel core plates working well with the concrete. Besides, the configuration of steel core plates can improve the bearing capacity of the walls. The bearing capacity of shear walls decreases with the increase of aspect ratios, and the vertical arrangement of PBL shear connectors is better than the horizontal arrangement of PBL shear connectors. Based on the design of compression-bending capacity of steel reinforced concrete columns recommended in EN 1994-1-1:2004, a design formula of compression-bending capacity for steel plate concrete composite shear walls with PBL shear connectors is proposed. It is verified that the design formula can accurately calculate the compression-bending capacity of the shear walls with large aspect ratios by comparison.

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为拓展开孔板(perfobond leiste,PBL)剪力连接键的应用范围,该文设计了1个型钢混凝土组合剪力墙试件和4个PBL键钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙试件,进行低周往复加载试验,系统研究各试件的破坏机制和抗震性能。研究结果表明,剪力墙在水平荷载作用下的破坏模式可分为弯曲破坏和弯剪破坏两类。墙体高宽比、钢芯板配置及PBL键的布置方式是影响破坏模式的重要因素。PBL键可确保钢芯板与混凝土协同工作性能完好,此外增设钢芯板可提高墙体的承载能力。剪力墙的承载力随高宽比的增大而减小,PBL键竖向布置优于PBL键横向布置。基于欧洲规范EN 1994-1-1:2004中建议的型钢混凝土柱压弯承载力设计方法,提出了PBL键钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙的压弯承载力设计公式。经过对比验证,设计公式可准确计算大高宽比试件的压弯承载力。

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吴函恒(1984—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事钢结构、钢-混凝土组合结构方面的研究。E-mail:
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涂庭婷(2000—),女,博士研究生,主要从事钢结构方面的研究。E-mail:

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涂庭婷(2000—),女,博士研究生,主要从事钢结构方面的研究。E-mail:

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label=Fig. 2, caption=Geometric dimensions and construction details of the specimen, figureFileSmall=J3iF4Yms3r9jgF9NEChuEw==, figureFileBig=sbeP7hOD8FxgDkzdSzHW8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802915015361119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463205827474, language=CN, label=图2, caption=试件几何尺寸及构造细节, figureFileSmall=J3iF4Yms3r9jgF9NEChuEw==, figureFileBig=sbeP7hOD8FxgDkzdSzHW8g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802915141190254, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463205827474, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Specimen cross-section information, figureFileSmall=tRLaZlbktZmqK/pUzK+sRg==, figureFileBig=XK7QEoHJ0r4B/h9fA+sqdw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802915246047861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463205827474, language=CN, label=图3, caption=试件截面信息, figureFileSmall=tRLaZlbktZmqK/pUzK+sRg==, 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Specimen design parameters

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试件截面尺寸/mm高宽比钢板厚度/mmPBL键放置
W11200×1602
W21200×16026竖置
W31200×16024横置
W41200×1601.176竖置
W51200×1601.174横置
), ArticleFig(id=1241802923349442703, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463205827474, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试件设计参数

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试件截面尺寸/mm高宽比钢板厚度/mmPBL键放置
W11200×1602
W21200×16026竖置
W31200×16024横置
W41200×1601.176竖置
W51200×1601.174横置
), ArticleFig(id=1241802923487854750, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463205827474, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mechanical properties of steel

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部位直径(厚度)/mm弹性模量/GPa屈服强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa伸长率δ/%
箍筋/拉结筋8209329.4431.612.9
分布筋8203405.6667.313.0
边缘约束构件纵筋14211416.3624.717.1
钢芯板4208305.1460.525.8
钢芯板6202294.0458.923.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241802923643044017, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463205827474, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

钢材力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部位直径(厚度)/mm弹性模量/GPa屈服强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa伸长率δ/%
箍筋/拉结筋8209329.4431.612.9
分布筋8203405.6667.313.0
边缘约束构件纵筋14211416.3624.717.1
钢芯板4208305.1460.525.8
钢芯板6202294.0458.923.0
), ArticleFig(id=1241802923794038983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463205827474, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Measured results of feature points of skeleton curves

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号加载方向屈服点峰值荷载点极限荷载点位移及延性系数μ
Py/kNΔy/mmPm/kNΔm/mmPu/kNΔu/mmθu
W1436.220.9520.225.0442.158.51/402.79
-451.9-23.3-542.5-40.0-461.1-61.91/372.65
W2591.320.3688.134.9584.961.51/403.11
-594.3-20.7-693.0-39.9-589.1-61.71/402.98
W3505.619.8588.735.0500.442.01/572.12
-553.722.9-633.6-39.9-538.6-39.91/601.74
W4780.815.9892.622.0758.739.51/352.48
-788.6-16.7-887.9-29.9-754.7-43.01/332.57
W5673.016.4763.220.0648.746.91/302.85
-673.5-18.2-752.5-34.9-639.6-53.01/282.91
), ArticleFig(id=1241802923957616859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241793463205827474, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

骨架曲线特征点实测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号加载方向屈服点峰值荷载点极限荷载点位移及延性系数μ
Py/kNΔy/mmPm/kNΔm/mmPu/kNΔu/mmθu
W1436.220.9520.225.0442.158.51/402.79
-451.9-23.3-542.5-40.0-461.1-61.91/372.65
W2591.320.3688.134.9584.961.51/403.11
-594.3-20.7-693.0-39.9-589.1-61.71/402.98
W3505.619.8588.735.0500.442.01/572.12
-553.722.9-633.6-39.9-538.6-39.91/601.74
W4780.815.9892.622.0758.739.51/352.48
-788.6-16.7-887.9-29.9-754.7-43.01/332.57
W5673.016.4763.220.0648.746.91/302.85
-673.5-18.2-752.5-34.9-639.6-53.01/282.91
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PBL键钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究及承载力设计方法
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涂庭婷 1 , 吴函恒 1 , 王辰 1 , 党世杰 1 , 隋璐 2
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(4): 200-212
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(4): 200-212
PBL键钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究及承载力设计方法
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涂庭婷1 , 吴函恒1 , 王辰1, 党世杰1, 隋璐2
作者信息
  • 1.长安大学 建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710061
  • 2.陕西铁路工程职业技术学院,陕西 渭南 714000
  • 涂庭婷(2000—),女,博士研究生,主要从事钢结构方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

吴函恒(1984—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事钢结构、钢-混凝土组合结构方面的研究。E-mail:
Seismic performance test and bearing capacity design method of steel plate concrete composite shear walls with PBL connectors
Tingting TU1 , Hanheng WU1 , Chen WANG1, Shijie DANG1, Lu SUI2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710061, China
  • 2.Shaanxi Railway Institute, Weinan 714000, China
出版时间: 2025-08-22 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0420
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为拓展开孔板(perfobond leiste,PBL)剪力连接键的应用范围,该文设计了1个型钢混凝土组合剪力墙试件和4个PBL键钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙试件,进行低周往复加载试验,系统研究各试件的破坏机制和抗震性能。研究结果表明,剪力墙在水平荷载作用下的破坏模式可分为弯曲破坏和弯剪破坏两类。墙体高宽比、钢芯板配置及PBL键的布置方式是影响破坏模式的重要因素。PBL键可确保钢芯板与混凝土协同工作性能完好,此外增设钢芯板可提高墙体的承载能力。剪力墙的承载力随高宽比的增大而减小,PBL键竖向布置优于PBL键横向布置。基于欧洲规范EN 1994-1-1:2004中建议的型钢混凝土柱压弯承载力设计方法,提出了PBL键钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙的压弯承载力设计公式。经过对比验证,设计公式可准确计算大高宽比试件的压弯承载力。

钢-混凝土组合结构  /  组合剪力墙  /  PBL剪力键  /  低周往复加载试验  /  承载力设计方法

In order to expand the application of perfobond leiste (PBL) shear connectors, the low-cycle reciprocating loading tests were conducted on one steel reinforced concrete composite shear wall and four steel plate concrete composite shear walls with PBL shear connectors. The failure mechanism and seismic performance of the specimens were studied. The results show that the failure modes of shear walls under horizontal loads can be divided into two types including bending failure and bending-shear failure. The aspect ratio of the walls, the configuration of steel core plates and the arrangement of the PBL shear connectors are important factors affecting failure modes. PBL shear connectors can facilitate steel core plates working well with the concrete. Besides, the configuration of steel core plates can improve the bearing capacity of the walls. The bearing capacity of shear walls decreases with the increase of aspect ratios, and the vertical arrangement of PBL shear connectors is better than the horizontal arrangement of PBL shear connectors. Based on the design of compression-bending capacity of steel reinforced concrete columns recommended in EN 1994-1-1:2004, a design formula of compression-bending capacity for steel plate concrete composite shear walls with PBL shear connectors is proposed. It is verified that the design formula can accurately calculate the compression-bending capacity of the shear walls with large aspect ratios by comparison.

steel-concrete composite structure  /  composite shear walls  /  PBL shear connector  /  low-cycle reciprocating loading test  /  bearing capacity design method
涂庭婷, 吴函恒, 王辰, 党世杰, 隋璐. PBL键钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙抗震性能试验研究及承载力设计方法. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (4) : 200 -212 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0420
Tingting TU, Hanheng WU, Chen WANG, Shijie DANG, Lu SUI. Seismic performance test and bearing capacity design method of steel plate concrete composite shear walls with PBL connectors[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (4) : 200 -212 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0420
近年来,由于城市人口集中,用地资源紧张,高层及超高层建筑成为城市发展的必然趋势。钢板混凝土组合剪力墙因其融合了钢与混凝土这2种材料的优势,具有承载力高、刚度大、延性好和抗震性能优等特点,被广泛应用于高层建筑中。
国内外学者针对钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的抗震性能[1-4]、受力机理[5-8]和设计方法[9-11]开展了系统的研究,取得了丰硕的研究成果。董宏英等[12]、伍云天等[13]和LOU等[1]对钢板混凝土组合剪力墙进行了拟静力加载试验研究,得到了高宽比、轴压比及钢板厚度等参数对组合剪力墙抗震性能的影响规律;王威等[14]和陈宗平等[15]分别通过低周往复加载试验探究了波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的受力特征,结果表明:波纹钢板沿垂直波纹方向受力时具有良好的承载能力;李文韬等[16]参考钢管混凝土统一强度理论的思想,提出了双层波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙受剪承载力简化计算公式。
针对钢板混凝土组合剪力墙,增强钢板与混凝土之间的黏结滑移性能,使二者能够协调变形并更好地协同工作是需要解决的关键问题之一。开孔板(perfobond leiste,PBL)剪力连接键是通过钢板开孔处的混凝土抗剪销或在孔中贯穿钢筋来承担剪力,从而使钢板与混凝土紧密连接并协同工作的一种抗剪键,其在钢-混凝土组合梁[17-19]和组合桥面板[20-22]中被广泛地研究与应用。张婧等[23]对6个PBL剪力连接件进行了极限承载力破坏试验,结果表明增加钢板开孔直径和孔洞个数可有效提高PBL连接件的抗剪刚度;YANG等[24]在静荷载作用下对PBL剪力连接件进行了推出试验,并基于弹性地基梁理论提出了PBL剪力连接件的刚度评价方程;杨勇等[25]采用同样的试验手段探究了端部混凝土、贯穿钢筋等对PBL剪力连接件承载力的贡献,并提出了抗剪承载力计算公式;白久林等[26]为提高钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能,提出了PBL整体式连接节点,并基于泛应力法推导出了节点板和PBL的设计方法。PBL剪力连接件在抗剪刚度和传力能力方面具有一定的优势,为钢板混凝土组合剪力墙中的连接件设计提供了新思路。
综上所述,国内外学者针对PBL剪力键和钢板混凝土组合剪力墙已经开展了较多研究,主要集中在组合剪力墙的抗震性能研究和PBL键的抗剪性能等方面。为了拓展PBL剪力键的应用范畴,本文将PBL剪力键引入到钢板混凝土组合剪力墙中,在钢芯板两侧设置PBL剪力键,并将剪力墙的墙身钢筋穿过PBL剪力键,以增强钢板与混凝土之间的抗黏结滑移能力。为此,本文对1个型钢混凝土组合剪力墙试件和4个PBL键钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙试件进行拟静力加载试验,系统分析墙体的滞回特性、变形能力、延性、刚度退化及耗能能力,最后提出压弯承载力设计方法,为理论研究和工程应用提供参考。
试验依据JGJ 138—2016《组合结构设计规范》[27]和GB/T 50011—2010(2024版)《建筑抗震设计标准》[28],共设计了5个1∶5缩尺比例试件,试件编号分别为试件W1~试件W5。5个试件均由顶部加载梁、墙身和底部地梁组成,加载梁和地梁截面尺寸分别为300 mm×400 mm、600 mm×600 mm,墙身截面尺寸为1200 mm×160 mm。试件W1~试件W3的高宽比为2,试件W4~试件W5的高宽比为1.17。
为了更好地研究钢芯板和PBL键对组合剪力墙抗震性能的影响,在试件W2~试件W5的墙身内部布置钢芯板和PBL键见图1,墙端200 mm范围内设置型钢暗柱,其中,试件W2和试件W4的钢芯板厚度为6 mm,PBL键竖向放置且每隔250 mm布置一道,沿墙身宽度方向共设置3道;试件W3和试件W5的钢芯板厚度为4 mm,PBL键横向放置且每隔200 mm布置一道,沿墙身高度方向共设置15道和10道;试件W1作为对比试件,墙身内部不布置钢板和PBL键,仅设置端柱型钢。试件设计主要参数见表1。试件W1~试件W5的端部设置暗柱,暗柱截面尺寸为200 mm×160 mm,内置型钢规格为I10工字钢,截面配置纵筋414,箍筋8@100/200。墙身钢芯板两端与工字钢翼缘焊接,钢板两侧配有8@200的水平分布筋和竖向分布筋。各试件具体尺寸及构造细节见图2图3
所有试件采用C30混凝土同批浇筑,并预留150 mm×150 mm×150 mm的立方体试块与试件在标准养护条件下养护28 d,根据GB/T 50081—2019《混凝土物理力学性能试验方法标准》[29]测得混凝土立方体抗压强度实测平均值为32.48 MPa。内嵌于混凝土的型钢与钢芯板为Q235B钢。边缘约束构件中的纵筋和墙身分布筋的牌号为HRB400,箍筋和拉结筋的牌号为HPB300。按照GB/T 228.1—2021《金属材料拉伸试验第1部分:室温试验方法》[30]测得钢筋和钢板力学性能指标见表2
采用竖向作动器施加竖向加载,MTS水平作动器进行水平加载,在竖向作动器件顶部设置聚四氯乙烯板以消除摩擦力,加载装置见图4。首先通过竖向作动器分3级施加轴压比为0.3的竖向恒定荷载,加载至规定荷载后,通过MTS水平作动器在加载梁处施加水平往复荷载。
根据JGJ/T 101—2015《建筑抗震试验规程》[31]确定水平加载制度为位移加载。加载分两阶段进行见图5,加载前对各试件进行有限元模拟,确定其预估屈服荷载Py和屈服位移Δy。初始循环位移幅值为2 mm且每次循环加载1次,达到预估屈服点后,每级位移幅值增加到5 mm且每次循环加载3次,直到试件严重破坏失去承载能力或水平荷载下降至峰值荷载的85%停止加载。
在加载平面内共布置4个位移计和2个百分表,具体位移计布置见图6。位移计D1、D2主要用于测量和采集墙体顶部的水平位移;位移计D3、D4以及地梁300 mm高度处南北方向的百分表用于观测墙体的滑移和偏转。
1)试件W1,高宽比为2,未布置钢芯板和PBL键。当位移加载至10 mm时,墙体中上部斜裂缝快速发展形成少量交叉裂缝。加载至20 mm,沿型钢暗柱长度方向开始出现水平裂缝;继续加载,斜裂缝延伸、扩展,在墙身形成菱形状网格,见图7(a),同时墙体角部细小裂缝处混凝土出现轻微压酥脱落现象。当位移加载至40 mm时,竖向裂缝发展加宽,混凝土压碎区沿墙宽贯通。加载至65 mm,受压区型钢和钢筋屈服、箍筋被拉断,钢筋外侧混凝土大面积脱落,见图7(b)。破坏形态见图7(c)
2)试件W2,高宽比为2,布置钢芯板和竖向PBL键。当位移加载至15 mm时,沿PBL键长度方向缓慢发展出2条竖向长裂缝,墙体中上部出现少量水平裂缝;继续加载,竖向长裂缝上延伸出几条主斜裂缝,随后发展成大树躯干般的裂缝群,见图8(a)。加载至35 mm,墙体角部细小裂缝处混凝土出现轻微起皮、脱落现象,墙体整体性仍然保持良好。当位移加载至40 mm时,墙体角部混凝土被压溃,见图8(b),试件达到最大承载力。随后在各级加载下,受压区型钢产生较小变形,纵向钢筋向外鼓出、箍筋被拉脱,承载力下降到85%峰值荷载。破坏形态见图8(c)
3)试件W3,高宽比为2,布置钢芯板和横向PBL键。当位移加载至8 mm时,在墙体中下部出现许多沿PBL键长度方向的横向长裂缝,相邻横向裂缝间产生斜裂缝,且不断延伸;继续加载,在墙体中上部也出现少量横向裂缝,而中下部裂缝此时快速发展形成网格状裂缝,见图9(a)。加载至20 mm时,墙体中下部横向裂缝处频繁掉落混凝土碎块,墙体角部混凝土出现轻微压碎、剥落现象。当位移加载至40 mm时,墙体角部混凝土压碎区向上扩大,直至与PBL键处的横向裂缝贯通,见图9(b),在墙根出现破裂带,底部混凝土突然大面积被压溃而退出工作,加载结束。破坏形态见图9(c)
4)试件W4,高宽比为1.17,布置钢芯板和竖向PBL键。当位移加载至10 mm时,沿PBL键长度方向出现3条竖向长裂缝,见图10(a);继续加载,墙身缓慢发展出几条与试件W2类似的树干状裂缝。加载至20 mm时,墙体角部细小裂缝处混凝土出现酥裂、剥落等现象。继续加载,墙体角部混凝土压碎区不断扩大,见图10(b),试件达到最大承载力。破坏形态见图10(c)
5)试件W5,高宽比为1.17,布置钢芯板和横向PBL键。当位移加载至8 mm时,沿PBL键长度方向出现4条横向长裂缝,相邻横向裂缝间发展出几条斜裂缝使之连通;继续加载,横向裂缝和斜裂缝不断扩展、延伸,将墙体划分成一个个裂缝网格,见图11(a)。此时墙体底部PBL键处出现横向通缝,见图11(b)。加载至20 mm时,墙体角部混凝土被压碎,试件达到最大承载力。随后在各级加载下,墙体角部混凝土被严重压溃,承载力下降到85%峰值荷载。破坏形态见图11(c)
根据各试件的裂缝发展和最终破坏的损伤情况,5个试件呈现出2种破坏类型,包括弯剪型破坏和弯曲型破坏,其破坏特点如下所述:
1)试件W1属于弯剪型破坏,出现此类破坏的原因是:在水平荷载作用下,试件沿型钢方向产生水平裂缝并延伸为斜裂缝,随着荷载增大,斜裂缝迅速发展并贯通,墙身水平分布筋屈服;同时,墙身根部受压区的混凝土被压碎、型钢和钢筋压屈,受拉区型钢和钢筋屈服,试件呈现出弯剪型的破坏特征。
2)试件W2~试件W5属于弯曲型破坏,出现此类破坏的原因是:钢芯板的配置增强了墙体抗剪能力,无论是PBL键竖置还是横置,钢芯板始终未屈服,PBL键与混凝土黏结性能良好;高宽比为2.0和1.17的墙体试件,能够达到承载能力极限状态的均是由于墙身根部正截面受弯破坏所致,试件呈现出弯曲型的破坏特征。而对于试件W3,在加载后期,由于墙身根部PBL键处的横向剪切裂缝贯通,在往复弯矩作用下,墙角混凝土压碎区与墙身横向裂缝贯通,墙身根部混凝土整体碎裂,承载力突降,试件延性差;而同为PBL键横置的试件W5,尽管墙身根部也存在贯通的水平裂缝,但由于墙体的高宽比小,弯矩作用也较小,墙角破坏区与墙身水平裂缝不贯通,正截面破坏仅限于墙体角部的受拉和受压区,承载力未突降。
滞回曲线是构件在低周往复荷载作用下,应力-应变关系形成的闭合环路。它是对构件进行抗震性能分析的依据,能够有效反映出构件在弹塑性阶段的受力特征。图12(a)~(e)给出了5个组合剪力墙试件的滞回曲线,可以发现:
1)试件W1在加载初期滞回曲线形状饱满,呈梭形。随着水平位移的增加,滞回环的面积增大,受剪切变形的影响出现“捏缩”效应,滞回曲线开始由梭形向弓形发展。
2)试件W2和试件W3在加载初期滞回环的形状相似,呈现狭而长的梭形形状。在加载后期,试件W2墙体裂缝发展、加宽,试件刚度不断退化,滞回曲线出现轻微的捏缩并逐渐向反S型发展;试件W3的滞回曲线仍呈现为梭形,但随着加载位移的增大,墙根出现的水平贯通缝在往复弯矩的作用下破坏严重,试件突然丧失承载力,在滞回曲线上表现为未闭合的滞回环。
3)试件W4和试件W5的滞回曲线形状不饱满,受较大剪切变形的影响始终呈反S型,达到峰值荷载后,其承载力和刚度下降速度快。
根据墙体剪切变形值Δ和水平荷载P之间的关系,绘制出各试件的骨架曲线见图13。由图可知,试件W1~试件W5的骨架曲线形状相似,均呈反S型,没有明显的屈服点和屈服平台。在墙体开裂前,骨架曲线呈线性,此时试件处于弹性阶段,随着混凝土开裂,进入弹塑性阶段,试件承载力和刚度不断下降,此时骨架曲线的斜率不断减小,呈非线性。继续加载墙体角部混凝土大面积被压溃,试件进入破坏阶段不再具备承载能力。由于试件W1~试件W5的荷载-位移曲线上无明显屈服点,本文根据JGJ/T 101—2015《建筑抗震试验规程》[31]的规定,采用等面积法确定试件的屈服荷载Py和屈服位移Δy,取荷载下降至峰值荷载的85%时所对应的荷载和位移为极限荷载Pu和极限位移Δu,取值方法见图14
按上述方法,得到各试件的荷载和位移特征值,此时记μ为位移延性系数,取μ=Δu/Δyθu为破坏点的侧向位移角,取θu=Δu/h,其中h为试件高度。根据上述公式得到各试件的主要特征点试验数据见表3
表3可知:
1)试件W1~试件W5的峰值荷载平均值依次是:531.35、690.55、611.15、890.25、757.85 kN。含钢芯板试件W2~试件W5的峰值荷载明显高于无钢芯板试件W1,说明设置钢芯板能显著提高组合剪力墙的承载力。
2)试件W4、试件W5(高宽比为1.17)的承载力高于试件W2、试件W3(高宽比为2),这是由于大高宽比试件的倾覆弯矩效应强,承担的弯矩较大,故水平承载力较低。
3)当高宽比相同时,试件W2的承载力高于试件W3,试件W4的承载力高于试件W5。其主要原因是:PBL键横置时会产生水平通缝,水平通缝会影响墙体的抗弯承载力,尤其是当墙体高宽比较大时,由于倾覆弯矩效应明显,墙角受弯破坏区容易与墙身水平裂缝区贯通,导致试件破坏严重,影响墙体延性的发挥(如试件W3)。
4)除试件W3外,各试件的位移延性系数介于2.48~3.11之间,说明型钢混凝土剪力墙与钢芯板混凝土剪力墙均具备良好的延性;试件W3的位移延性系数小于2,是因为加载后期,墙角受弯破坏区与墙身水平裂缝贯通,试件的变形能力没有得到完全发挥。
本文采用割线刚度Ki评价试件的刚度退化情况,各试件得刚度退化曲线见图15。其中割线刚度Ki的计算式(1)所示:
式中:Fi、-Fi为第i级荷载第1循环的正、反向峰值点的荷载值;Xi、-Xi为与Fi、-Fi对应的位移值。可以看出:
1)5个试件刚度退化的总趋势表现为:退化初期刚度下降速度快,随着组合剪力墙开裂、钢筋屈服,各试件的刚度退化逐渐趋于平缓;
2)试件W4、试件W5的初始刚度大于试件W1、试件W2和试件W3,说明高宽比越小,初始刚度越大;此外,竖置PBL键试件W2、试件W4比横置PBL键试件W3、试件W5的初始刚度分别高出6%、13%,表明PBL键的放置形式会在一定程度上影响试件的初始刚度;
3)试件W3在加载后期突然破坏,其刚度退化严重。
根据试验研究结果,当钢芯板及PBL键配置合理时,在轴力与弯矩联合作用下,PBL键钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙发生正截面破坏,其破坏机理与型钢混凝土偏压构件较为一致。基于欧洲规范EN1994-1-1:2004[32]中型钢混凝土单向偏心受压构件的承载力设计思路,本文对钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙在轴力和弯矩共同作用下的相关曲线通过引入ABCD这4个特征点描述见图16,并根据各特征点的受力特征,推导出墙体正截面的承载力计算公式。
为了简化计算,本文采用“以直代曲”的思路用直线依次连接ACDB得到简化的复合偏压构件M-N曲线(如图16虚线所示),M-N曲线包含AC段、CD段和BD段,4个特征点的坐标分别为(0,Npl,Rk)、(Mpl,Rk,0)、(Mpl,RkNpm,Rk)、(Mmax,Rk,0.5 Npm,Rk),则简化的压弯构件M-N曲线可以表达为
式中:Npm,Rk为截面中和轴通过形心时的受压承载力标准值;Npl,Rk为轴压情况下截面塑性受压承载力标准值;Nu为受压承载力设计值;Mpl,Rk为纯弯情况下截面塑性抗弯承载力标准值;Mmax,Rk为截面最大抗弯承载力标准值;Mu为受弯承载力设计值。
墙体截面在A点的应力分布见图17(a),此时墙体截面仅受到轴心压力作用。根据此受力特征可知:
式中,Npl,Rk可按式(4)计算,得
式中:Ac为受压区混凝土截面面积;Aa为钢材截面面积;As为边缘约束区受拉纵筋截面面积;Ash为墙身受拉分布钢筋的截面面积;fc为混凝土的轴心抗压强度标准值;fa为钢材的屈服强度标准值;fy,s为纵向钢筋的屈服强度标准值;fy,sh为墙身分布钢筋的屈服强度标准值。
墙体截面在B点的应力分布见图17(b),此时墙体截面仅受弯矩作用。由此受力特征可知:
按照组合截面的塑性应力分布,根据截面内力平衡可得:
式中:Mmax,RkM0的计算式如式(7)和式(8)所示:
式中:Wpc为混凝土的塑性截面模量;Wpa为型钢的塑性截面模量;Wps为边缘约束区纵筋的塑性截面模量;Wpsh为墙身分布钢筋的塑性截面模量;Wnshhn范围内分布钢筋的塑性截面模量;M0Mmax,RkMpl,Rk之差;hn为中和轴至中心线的距离;b为墙身截面宽度;h为墙身截面高度;tb为钢板厚度。
墙体截面在C点的应力分布见图17(c),此时墙体截面受到轴力与纯弯情况下相等的弯矩作用。由此受力特征可知:
式中:Mpl,RkNpm,Rk可分别按式(6)和式(8c)计算。
墙体截面在D点的应力分布见图17(d),此时墙体截面受到最大弯矩与轴向压力共同作用。由此受力特征可知:
式中,Mmax,RkNpm,Rk分别按式(7)和式(8c)计算。
基于建议的承载力公式,并采用混凝土、钢筋和钢板实测强度计算试件W1~试件W5的承载力,将承载力计算值与试验值进行对比,见图18
图18可知,大高宽比试件W1~试件W3的承载力计算值与试验值吻合较好,计算值与试验值的比值在0.90~0.99之间,计算值略低于试验值,说明上述建议公式对大高宽比试件精度较好。而小高宽比试件W4、试件W5的承载力计算值高于试验值,这是由于小高宽比剪力墙的剪切效应显著,降低了剪力墙构件正截面压弯承载力。本文建议的方法可较为准确地计算大高宽比PBL键钢芯板组合剪力墙的压弯承载力,而对于小高宽比剪力墙,需要进一步考虑剪切效应的影响。
本文通过拟静力加载试验,围绕PBL键钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙的抗震性能展开研究。根据破坏机理,基于欧洲规范EN 1994-1-1:2004提出了剪力墙构件压弯承载力设计方法,得出如下主要结论:
1)型钢混凝土组合剪力墙试件W1发生弯剪型破坏,PBL键钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙试件W2~试件W5均呈弯曲型破坏。
2)钢芯板与混凝土之间的抗黏结滑移性能良好,PBL键可确保钢芯板与混凝土共同工作。但横置PBL的形式不适合于大高宽比剪力墙,因为墙体根部易沿PBL键的长度方向出现贯通裂缝,混凝土破坏严重,墙体延性差。
3)提出了PBL键钢芯板混凝土组合剪力墙的压弯承载力计算公式,大高宽比墙体试件的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,而计算小高宽比墙体时应考虑剪切效应的影响。
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023-JC-YB-295)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102282204; 300102282718)
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2025年第45卷第4期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0420
  • 接收时间:2024-03-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-08-22
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  • 收稿日期:2024-03-14
  • 修回日期:2024-05-27
基金
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2023-JC-YB-295)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102282204; 300102282718)
作者信息
    1.长安大学 建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710061
    2.陕西铁路工程职业技术学院,陕西 渭南 714000

通讯作者:

吴函恒(1984—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事钢结构、钢-混凝土组合结构方面的研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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