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Article(id=1241791792111223088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791788986471392, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0320, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705939200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-23, revisedDate=1711555200000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773995834614, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1751212800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773995834614, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773995834614, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773995834614, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241791788986471392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='231', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773995833869, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996997624, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796670220993006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791788986471392, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796670220993007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791788986471392, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=222, endPage=231, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241791792467738930, articleId=1241791792111223088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Experimental study on metal-double hinge friction hybrid damper, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To address the issue of the single energy dissipation form of traditional metal dampers, this paper proposes a new type of metal-double hinge friction hybrid damper, leveraging the characteristics of large yield displacement in bending metallic dampers and small yield displacement in rotational friction dampers. The construction principles and main parameter calculation methods of the hybrid damper are elaborated to achieve the objective of phased energy dissipation from frequent earthquakes to the maximum considered earthquakes. Experimental research on the mechanical performance of the hybrid damper was conducted, comparing the hysteresis curves, strain development, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capabilities of dampers made of LY160 and Q355 steel materials and in different construction forms. The results show that the hybrid damper has good energy dissipation performance, with fuller hysteresis curves compared to traditional metal dampers. Within the range of metal yield displacement deformation, the damper primarily dissipates energy through friction, exhibiting multi-level yielding characteristics and a higher equivalent viscous damping ratio. The restoring force model for the hybrid damper is proposed and verified with experimental results. By adjusting the parameters of the metal damper and the double hinge friction damper, a performance-based design can be achieved to meet the seismic demands of various application scenarios. A new type of metal-double hinge friction hybrid damper has been developed.

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为解决传统金属阻尼器耗能形式单一问题，结合弯曲型金属阻尼器屈服位移大、转动摩擦阻尼器屈服位移小的特征，提出一种新型金属-双摩擦铰复合型阻尼器，阐述了复合型阻尼器构造原理及主要参数计算方法，以实现小震到大震分阶段耗能目标。针对复合型阻尼器力学性能开展了试验研究，研究对比了LY160和Q355这2种钢材及不同构造形式下阻尼器的滞回曲线、应变发展、刚度退化及耗能能力。结果表明，复合型阻尼器耗能性能良好，相比于传统金属阻尼器滞回曲线更加饱满，在金属屈服位移变形范围内以摩擦耗能为主，具有多级屈服特性，等效黏滞阻尼比更大。提出了复合型阻尼器恢复力模型并采用试验结果进行了验证，可通过调整金属阻尼器与双摩擦铰阻尼器参数进行性能化设计，以满足不同应用场景的抗震需求。

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唐亮（1981—），男，教授级高级工程师，博士，主要从事消能减震、组合结构等方面的研究。E-mail：
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段树坤（1995—），男，工程师，博士，主要从事消能减震、组合结构等方面的研究。E-mail：

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段树坤（1995—），男，工程师，博士，主要从事消能减震、组合结构等方面的研究。E-mail：

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段树坤（1995—），男，工程师，博士，主要从事消能减震、组合结构等方面的研究。E-mail：

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Experimental comparison of the properties of friction and mild steel yielding energy dissipators and their effects on reducing vibration of structure under earthquakes, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802923978592569, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791792111223088, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=7, pageStart=113, pageEnd=119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=33, authorNames=段树坤, 唐亮, 黄刚, journalName=建筑科学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=段树坤，唐亮，黄刚，等. 双摩擦铰阻尼器滞回性能试验研究[J]. 建筑科学, 2024, 40(7): 113-119., articleTitle=双摩擦铰阻尼器滞回性能试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802924075061570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791792111223088, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=40, issue=7, pageStart=113, pageEnd=119, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[21], rfOrder=34, authorNames=DUAN Shukun, TANG Liang, HUANG Gang, journalName=Building Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=DUAN Shukun, TANG Liang, HUANG Gang, et al. Experimental study on the hysteresis performance of double friction hinge damper[J]. Building Science, 2024, 40(7): 113-119. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Experimental study on the hysteresis performance of double friction hinge damper, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802924209279309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791792111223088, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=35, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JGJ 297—2013建筑消能减震技术规程[S]. 北京：建筑工业出版社，2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802924351885660, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791792111223088, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2013, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=36, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JGJ 297—2013 Technical specification for seismic energy dissipation of buildings[S]. Beijing: China Architecture & Building Press, 2013. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802924444160356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791792111223088, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=37, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB/T 228.1—2021金属材料拉伸试验第1部分：室温试验方法[S]. 北京：中国标准出版社，2022., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802926033801580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791792111223088, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=38, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB/T 228.1—2021 Metallic materials—Tensile testing: Part 1: Method of test at room temperature[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2022. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802926197379452, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791792111223088, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=39, authorNames=许立言, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=许立言. 低屈服点钢剪切型阻尼器的力学性能及理论模型研究[D]. 北京：清华大学，2017., articleTitle=低屈服点钢剪切型阻尼器的力学性能及理论模型研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802926335791496, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791792111223088, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=40, authorNames=XU Liyan, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=XU Liyan. Research on mechanical behavior and theoretical model of low-yield-point steel shear panel dampers[D]. Beijing: Tsinghua University, 2017. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on mechanical behavior and theoretical model of low-yield-point steel shear panel dampers, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1241802917175431940, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791792111223088, awardId=CSCEC-PT-001, language=CN, fundingSource=中国建筑高性能工程结构试验分析与安全控制重点实验室项目(CSCEC-PT-001), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1241802917347398422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791792111223088, awardId=CSCEC-2021-Z-49, language=CN, fundingSource=中建股份科技研发课题项目(CSCEC-2021-Z-49), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1241802903858516799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791792111223088, xref=1., ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1241802903879488322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791792111223088, companyId=1241802903858516799, language=EN, country=null, province=null, 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注：图中○、△和□分别为试件1阶屈服、2阶屈服和3阶屈服点。

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Parameters of the specimens

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编号阻尼器类型钢材种类钢板数N/个
MY-Q-N4传统型Q3554
MY-L-N8传统型LY1608
MY-Q/L-N8传统型Q355/LY1608
HY-Q-N4复合型Q3554
HY-L-N8复合型LY1608
HY-Q/L-N8复合型Q355/LY1608
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试件参数

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编号阻尼器类型钢材种类钢板数N/个
MY-Q-N4传统型Q3554
MY-L-N8传统型LY1608
MY-Q/L-N8传统型Q355/LY1608
HY-Q-N4复合型Q3554
HY-L-N8复合型LY1608
HY-Q/L-N8复合型Q355/LY1608
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Material properties of specimens

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型号屈服强度fy/MPa抗拉强度fu/MPa弹性模量E/GPa伸长率δ/%
LY16014029120039
Q35540457920825
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试件材料力学性能

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型号屈服强度fy/MPa抗拉强度fu/MPa弹性模量E/GPa伸长率δ/%
LY16014029120039
Q35540457920825
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金属-双摩擦铰复合型阻尼器试验研究
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段树坤 1 , 唐亮 2 , 黄刚 2 , 张勇波 1 , 张旭乔 1 , 贺江涛 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(3): 222-231
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(3): 222-231
金属-双摩擦铰复合型阻尼器试验研究
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段树坤1 , 唐亮2 , 黄刚2, 张勇波1, 张旭乔1, 贺江涛1
作者信息
  • 1.中建工程试验检测（北京）有限公司，北京 101300
  • 2.中建工程产业技术研究院有限公司，北京 101300

    • 段树坤（1995—），男，工程师，博士，主要从事消能减震、组合结构等方面的研究。E-mail：

通讯作者:

唐亮（1981—），男，教授级高级工程师，博士，主要从事消能减震、组合结构等方面的研究。E-mail：
Experimental study on metal-double hinge friction hybrid damper
Shukun DUAN1 , Liang TANG2 , Gang HUANG2, Yongbo ZHANG1, Xuqiao ZHANG1, Jiangtao HE1
Affiliations
  • 1.China Construction Engineering Testing (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
  • 2.China Construction Industrial Engineering and Technology Research Academy Co., Ltd., Beijing 101300, China
出版时间: 2025-06-30 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0320
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摘要
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为解决传统金属阻尼器耗能形式单一问题，结合弯曲型金属阻尼器屈服位移大、转动摩擦阻尼器屈服位移小的特征，提出一种新型金属-双摩擦铰复合型阻尼器，阐述了复合型阻尼器构造原理及主要参数计算方法，以实现小震到大震分阶段耗能目标。针对复合型阻尼器力学性能开展了试验研究，研究对比了LY160和Q355这2种钢材及不同构造形式下阻尼器的滞回曲线、应变发展、刚度退化及耗能能力。结果表明，复合型阻尼器耗能性能良好，相比于传统金属阻尼器滞回曲线更加饱满，在金属屈服位移变形范围内以摩擦耗能为主，具有多级屈服特性，等效黏滞阻尼比更大。提出了复合型阻尼器恢复力模型并采用试验结果进行了验证，可通过调整金属阻尼器与双摩擦铰阻尼器参数进行性能化设计，以满足不同应用场景的抗震需求。

金属阻尼器  /  分阶段耗能  /  拟静力试验  /  力学性能  /  消能减震

To address the issue of the single energy dissipation form of traditional metal dampers, this paper proposes a new type of metal-double hinge friction hybrid damper, leveraging the characteristics of large yield displacement in bending metallic dampers and small yield displacement in rotational friction dampers. The construction principles and main parameter calculation methods of the hybrid damper are elaborated to achieve the objective of phased energy dissipation from frequent earthquakes to the maximum considered earthquakes. Experimental research on the mechanical performance of the hybrid damper was conducted, comparing the hysteresis curves, strain development, stiffness degradation and energy dissipation capabilities of dampers made of LY160 and Q355 steel materials and in different construction forms. The results show that the hybrid damper has good energy dissipation performance, with fuller hysteresis curves compared to traditional metal dampers. Within the range of metal yield displacement deformation, the damper primarily dissipates energy through friction, exhibiting multi-level yielding characteristics and a higher equivalent viscous damping ratio. The restoring force model for the hybrid damper is proposed and verified with experimental results. By adjusting the parameters of the metal damper and the double hinge friction damper, a performance-based design can be achieved to meet the seismic demands of various application scenarios. A new type of metal-double hinge friction hybrid damper has been developed.

metal damper  /  phased energy dissipation  /  pseudo-static experiment  /  mechanical performance  /  energy dissipation
段树坤, 唐亮, 黄刚, 张勇波, 张旭乔, 贺江涛. 金属-双摩擦铰复合型阻尼器试验研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (3) : 222 -231 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0320
Shukun DUAN, Liang TANG, Gang HUANG, Yongbo ZHANG, Xuqiao ZHANG, Jiangtao HE. Experimental study on metal-double hinge friction hybrid damper[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (3) : 222 -231 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0320
正文
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0　引言
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防震减灾关乎人民群众生命财产安全和社会安定繁荣，2016年，GB 18306—2015《中国地震动参数区划图》[1]正式实施，消除了不设防区，全国设防参数整体上有所提高[2]，很多既有建筑安全性难以满足现行规范更高要求，对既有建筑进行抗震加固的需求越来越大。
消能减震加固技术是通过对原结构附加阻尼器耗能构件，以减轻主体结构的地震反应和损伤。该技术对原结构改动较小，具有施工快捷、可维修更换等优点，广泛应用于既有建筑加固项目中[3]。金属阻尼器是目前较具经济效益、应用最为广泛的消能减震产品之一，具有性能稳定、成本低廉、坚固耐用且免维护等优势。
然而，常规金属阻尼器通常为小震弹性设计，只在中震和大震下起到耗能作用。既有建筑由于性能退化、设防水准提高等因素，在小震下可能存在抗震性能不足而出现损伤，也需要阻尼器在小震下提供耗能。因此，亟需研发基于性能需求的分阶段耗能阻尼器，充分发挥阻尼器在不同地震水准下的耗能作用。
为解决金属阻尼器耗能形式单一问题，近年来，学者们提出了多级屈服阻尼器概念，可采用具有不同屈服位移的阻尼器串联或并联实现阻尼器分阶段屈服耗能。刘伟庆等[4]、刘锋等[5]李国强等[6]和PAN等[7]提出采用弯曲型阻尼器和剪切型阻尼器并联构成复合型阻尼器，利用弯曲型阻尼器屈服变形大于剪切型阻尼器实现分阶段耗能；吴山等[8]通过设置2种尺寸剪切金属单元并联实现阻尼器不同剪切钢板单元分阶段屈服效果；HU等[9]提出采用不同长度芯板并联组成防屈曲支撑，实现2种芯板分阶段屈服；陈云等[10-11]和程扬等[12]采用不同尺寸环形阻尼器并联，实现内侧和外侧环形阻尼器具有不同屈服位移。除了采用不同变形机制或改变尺寸的金属单元设置不同屈服位移外，还可以通过采用具有不同屈服强度的金属阻尼器并联实现分阶段屈服[13-14]。
由于金属阻尼器1阶屈服位移相对较大，大部分金属阻尼器并联的分阶段效果不明显。为进一步增大不同耗能单元屈服位移间隔，PAN等[15-16]和YANG等[17]对防屈曲支撑部分芯板设置长圆孔滑动连接，田明仑等[18]对部分耗能钢板设置滑槽，禹文华等[19]对三角形钢板设置挡板间隙，使该部分耗能单元在连接间隙闭合时才开始工作，形成2阶耗能单元异步启动的复合型阻尼器，通过改变连接间隙可实现2阶屈服位移的大范围调整，极限变形能力更强，但存在加工精度要求高、残余变形较大等问题。
对于原结构变形能力较差的既有建筑结构抗震加固，原结构对地震作用下的耗能和变形控制需求更高，更适合采用同步屈服的分阶段耗能阻尼器。本文提出一种新型金属-双摩擦铰复合型阻尼器，将摩擦阻尼器与弯曲型金属阻尼器并联，摩擦单元具有相对较小的屈服位移，而弯曲型金属阻尼器屈服位移相对较大，实现小震下摩擦阻尼器耗能，金属阻尼器保持弹性并减小结构残余变形，中震及大震下金属阻尼器与摩擦阻尼器协同耗能，具有构造简单、施工便捷等优点。本文针对新型阻尼器产品开展了试验研究，探究其分阶段耗能机理和抗震性能，提出产品参数设计方法，为产品应用提供依据。
1　金属-双摩擦铰复合型阻尼器构造及原理
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金属-双摩擦铰复合型阻尼器典型构造见图1，由一组相同尺寸弯曲X型钢板和双摩擦铰阻尼器组成。利用摩擦屈服位移小、弯曲型钢板屈服位移大特征，实现阻尼器分阶段耗能特性。
X型钢板在面外弯曲下的屈服位移us，y和屈服剪力Fs，y计算如式（1）和式（2）所示[20]：
式中：h为钢板高度；b为钢板宽度；t为钢板厚度；N为钢板数量；E为钢材弹性模量；fy为钢板屈服强度。
根据段树坤等[21]前期研究，双摩擦铰阻尼器的摩擦力计算公式为
式中：μ为摩擦片与钢板表面摩擦系数；n为摩擦铰的摩擦面数；P为摩擦铰预紧力；l为钢曲柄两转轴中心距；R1、R2分别为摩擦片内径和外径。
则复合型阻尼器1阶屈服位移uh，y1为双摩擦铰屈服位移，1阶屈服阻尼力Fh，y1为
2阶屈服位移为金属阻尼器屈服位移uh，y2 = us，y，2阶屈服荷载Fh，y2为金属阻尼器屈服剪力和双摩擦铰摩擦力之和，其表达式为
可根据式（4）和式（5）确定复合型阻尼器的阻尼力设计参数，下文将通过试验研究对复合型阻尼器理论分析结果进行验证。
2　试验设计
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2.1　试件设计
试验共设计了3个传统型金属阻尼器试件和3个复合型阻尼器试件，主要参数设计见表1。试件变化参数包括阻尼器类型、金属阻尼器钢材种类和X型钢板数量。为凸显钢材屈服强度对复合型阻尼器滞回性能的影响，本试验选用了2种屈服强度差别较大、工程应用较多的LY160钢材和Q355钢材。各试件尺寸均相同，主要几何尺寸见图2，h = 360 mm，b = 200 mm，t = 14 mm，l = 200 mm，R1 = 15 mm，R2 = 40 mm，单摩擦铰的摩擦面数n = 4。摩擦铰均采用钢铜板摩擦片，滑动摩擦系数为0.15。
2.2　试验加载及量测
试件采用剪切框架试验机开展滞回性能试验，剪切框架的梁柱节点采用销轴组成四连杆机构，采用500 kN液压伺服作动器加载，见图3。
试件在上、下连接板间布置有2个水平位移计，记录试件剪切位移并监测试件平面外偏心扭转。每组转动摩擦铰布置有200 kN轮辐式力传感器，用于施加预紧力参考，并监测试验过程中预紧力变化。金属阻尼器取每种钢材最外侧钢板表面布置竖向应变片，量测方案布置见图4。
参考JGJ 297—2013《建筑消能减震技术规程》[22]，试验加载制度采用位移控制模式，分14级加载，每级加载3圈，加载制度见图5。
3　试验结果
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3.1　材性试验
金属阻尼器采用LY160低屈服点钢和Q355钢材，根据GB/T 288.1—2021《金属材料拉伸试验第1部分：室温试验方法》[23]开展单轴拉伸试验，得到2种钢材的力学性能见表2。
3.2　试验现象
复合型阻尼器试验过程性能稳定，摩擦阻尼器部分仅摩擦片表面出现磨痕，复合型阻尼器试验现象主要集中于金属阻尼器部分，见图6。
以试件MY-Q-N4为例介绍金属阻尼器典型试验现象，试件在8 mm加载范围内处于弹性，荷载位移曲线接近于线性；随着每级加载位移幅值增大，试件表现出循环强化现象，荷载峰值随着塑性变形的累计而持续增大；位移幅值达到64 mm时，试件出现屈曲现象，每一级循环重复加载的峰值荷载不断下降，耗能钢板屈曲后的中部面外位移不断增大，但试件每级荷载峰值随着位移幅值增大仍不断增大，滞回曲线刚度呈增大趋势，主要源于加载装置轴向约束作用导致试件由小位移弯曲受力状态过渡至大位移弯拉受力状态[24]，且轴向拉应变随着加载位移幅值增大而不断增大，试件反向加载至零位时为压弯受力状态，导致钢板在零位附近出现屈曲。
试件HY-L-N8及试件HY-Q/L-N8全部或一半耗能钢板采用LY160低屈服点钢材，其试验现象与试件MY-Q-N4相似，变形能力较强，均未出现钢板焊缝开裂等破坏现象，主要现象为钢板受压屈曲。由于LY160屈服位移更小，滞回曲线更加饱满，且LY160钢板相比于Q355钢板屈曲变形更显著。
3.3　滞回曲线
各试件的滞回曲线及骨架曲线见图7。滞回曲线呈现中间饱满（约50 mm范围内）、两端尖角的“反S形”特征。
对比图7（a）、（b）可知，在80 mm位移滞回环中，试件MY-Q-N4在[-50，50] mm范围内曲线近似于平台段，而试件MY-L-N8在±20 mm附近滞回环存在明显“凹陷”，主要源于LY160钢板屈服较早、累计拉应变较多，使得钢板更易发生受压屈曲导致荷载降低。对比图7（b）、（c）可知，将金属阻尼器外侧LY160钢板替换为Q355钢板后，试件MY-Q/L-N8相比于试件MY-L-N8峰值荷载有显著提升，试件刚度明显增大。对比图7（a）、（d）可知，复合型阻尼器相比于金属阻尼器试件在12 mm范围内滞回曲线更加饱满，随着位移幅值增大，两试件滞回环形式更加接近。
3.4　应变分析
以试件MY-Q/L-N8为例，分析在不同位移等级下耗能钢板顶部截面应变发展规律，见图8。图中S-Q/L-ab为测点S-Q/L-a2和S-Q/L-b2测点平均值，即为截面中和轴应变。由图8结果可知，耗能钢板两侧测点应变对称发展，且位于外侧的Q355钢板应变增长大于内侧的LY160钢板，且各钢板中和轴应变也随加载位移存在正相关变化，可能源于作动器对试件偏心加载产生附加弯矩作用，由各钢板轴力组合形成力偶抵抗弯矩，因此边部钢板受力更大，也更易发生屈曲。
根据式（1）及表2结果可得到LY160钢板的屈服位移为3.24 mm（uy，L），Q355钢板的屈服位移为8.99 mm（uy，Q）。由图8结果可知，当位移为4 mm时，LY160钢板达到屈服应变，而Q355钢板在位移达到8 mm时达到屈服应变，与屈服位移理论计算结果较为接近，即试件MY-Q/L-N8具有双屈服点，8 mm前主要为LY160钢材屈服耗能，8 mm后2种钢板共同屈服耗能。
3.5　恢复力模型
1）金属阻尼器
根据图7试件滞回曲线特征，在5uy，Q（45 mm）位移范围内金属阻尼器恢复力模型可简化为双线段式：①OA线弹性段；②AB屈服强化段。试件MY-Q/L-N8存在双屈服点，屈服强化段可分为AA′第1屈服段和A′B第2屈服段。金属阻尼器恢复力模型见图9。
根据式（1）和式（2）可得到金属阻尼器屈服位移us，y和屈服荷载Fs，y，OA段弹性刚度ks0为
根据图7（a）~（c）试验结果，拟合得到屈服后刚度k1与弹性段刚度比满足：
对于双屈服点金属阻尼器试件，两阶段屈服位移和屈服荷载可按式（8）~式（11）计算：
式中：fy1为第1屈服钢板强度；fy2为第2屈服钢板强度；N1为第1屈服钢板数量；N2为第2屈服钢板数量。
2）复合型阻尼器
复合型阻尼器恢复力模型可根据叠加原理，将摩擦阻尼器和金属阻尼器恢复力模型相加得到，见图10。根据前期试验研究[21]得到摩擦阻尼器的屈服位移为2.15 mm，滑动摩擦力为21.01 kN，各级屈服位移及屈服荷载可根据第1节式（4）和式（5）计算。
各试件恢复力模型与骨架曲线在±5uy，Q（45 mm）设计位移范围内对比结果见图11。理论与试验结果吻合良好，可供结构设计分析使用。由图11（c）、（d）可知，采用2种不同屈服点钢材或采用金属与摩擦阻尼器组合可实现双阶段耗能效果。图11（b）、（e）骨架曲线较为接近，弹性段刚度更大，主要源于LY160金属阻尼器屈服位移（3.24 mm）和摩擦阻尼器屈服位移（2.15 mm）较为接近，导致第2屈服段范围较小，多阶段屈服特征不明显。因此，采用Q355金属阻尼器与摩擦阻尼器组合，可兼具分阶段耗能和大震下高承载力及耗能储备优势。
3.6　刚度退化
各试件刚度退化曲线见图12。各试件刚度在加载初期刚度下降显著，随着位移增大刚度下降趋于平缓；加载位移大于48 mm后，试件刚度随着位移增大存在缓慢增大趋势，具有较大变形能力。相比于金属阻尼器试件，复合型阻尼器试件具有较大初始刚度，当位移超过24 mm后2种阻尼器刚度较为接近。
3.7　耗能能力分析
各试件等效黏滞阻尼比见图13。由图可知，各试件等效黏滞阻尼比曲线呈先上升后缓慢下降趋势，在4uy，Q（36 mm）位移附近试件存在最大黏滞阻尼比，各试件最大阻尼比在0.27~0.41范围间。对于金属阻尼器，LY160试件相比于Q355试件阻尼比更高，耗能能力更强。相比于金属阻尼器，复合型阻尼器具有更大阻尼比，当位移大于5uy，Q后，2种阻尼器的滞回曲线及阻尼比发展曲线趋于一致，具有良好的耗能能力。
复合型阻尼器中金属耗能占比曲线见图14。对于试件HY-Q-N4，在2uy，Q位移范围内金属耗能占比小于50%，试件耗能主要以摩擦耗能为主，但金属耗能占比迅速上升，位移大于3uy，Q后金属耗能占比趋于平缓，最大占比约为0.8。试件HY-L-N8及试件HY-Q/L-N8金属耗能占比曲线较为接近，位移大于3uy，L后，金属耗能占比超过0.5并缓慢上升，最大占比约为0.8。因此，可通过改变摩擦阻尼器摩擦力或金属阻尼器相关参数，对复合型阻尼器在不同工况下摩擦与金属耗能占比进行调整，一方面使摩擦阻尼器满足小震下耗能需求，另一方面使金属阻尼器在中震及大震下补充摩擦阻尼器的刚度及耗能不足，实现对复合型阻尼器分阶段刚度及等效阻尼比的灵活设计。
4　结论
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本文提出了一种金属-双摩擦铰复合型阻尼器，开展了6组阻尼器滞回性能试验，研究了不同钢材种类、钢板与摩擦组合形式下阻尼器分阶段屈服耗能特性，提出了复合型阻尼器恢复力模型，主要结论如下：
1）复合型阻尼器在往复荷载作用下性能稳定，极限位移下金属阻尼器出现受压屈曲，且LY160钢板相比于Q355钢板屈曲变形更大。
2）复合型阻尼器相比于金属阻尼器在2uy，Q位移范围内滞回环更加饱满，随着位移幅值增大，复合型阻尼器与金属阻尼器滞回环形式相近，呈现中间饱满、两端尖角的“反S形”特征。
3）采用不同屈服强度钢板组合或金属与摩擦组合可实现多阶段屈服耗能效果，基于试验结果标定了设计位移范围内的阻尼器恢复力模型，大于设计位移时应考虑金属阻尼器弯拉强化及受压屈服效应。
4）各试件黏滞阻尼比随位移增大而先增大后减小，在4uy，Q位移附近存在最大黏滞阻尼比，复合型阻尼器可显著提升金属阻尼器小位移下的黏滞阻尼比，可通过对复合型阻尼器摩擦与金属耗能占比设计满足不同应用场景工程抗震需求。
基金
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  • 中国建筑高性能工程结构试验分析与安全控制重点实验室项目(CSCEC-PT-001)
  • 中建股份科技研发课题项目(CSCEC-2021-Z-49)
文献
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2025年第45卷第3期
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文章信息
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0320
  • 接收时间：2024-01-23
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2025-06-30
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  • 收稿日期：2024-01-23
  • 修回日期：2024-03-28
基金
中国建筑高性能工程结构试验分析与安全控制重点实验室项目(CSCEC-PT-001)
中建股份科技研发课题项目(CSCEC-2021-Z-49)
作者信息
    1.中建工程试验检测（北京）有限公司，北京 101300
    2.中建工程产业技术研究院有限公司，北京 101300

通讯作者:

唐亮（1981—），男，教授级高级工程师，博士，主要从事消能减震、组合结构等方面的研究。E-mail：
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dzgcygczd/CN/10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0320
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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