Article(id=1241791793646342161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791788986471392, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0317, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1702915200000, receivedDateStr=2023-12-19, revisedDate=1709827200000, revisedDateStr=2024-03-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773995834980, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1751212800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773995834980, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773995834980, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773995834980, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241791788986471392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='231', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773995833869, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996997624, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796670220993006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791788986471392, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796670220993007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791788986471392, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=191, endPage=201, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241791795491835945, articleId=1241791793646342161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Study on axial compression performance and bearing capacity calculation of seismic-damaged RC columns strengthened with prestressed lattice steel, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

This paper proposes a novel prestressed reinforced concrete (RC) column reinforcement method by replacing traditional angle steel with spatial special-shaped steel structures, which enhances constraint effectiveness and construction efficiency through prestressing technology and bolt connections. Four specimens were designed and subjected to axial compression tests to obtain failure modes, load-displacement curves, and strain distribution patterns of different configurations. The study found that post-earthquake damaged RC columns exhibited a 24% reduction in ultimate axial compressive bearing capacity and 46% stiffness degradation. After prestressed lattice steel reinforcement, concrete crack propagation was effectively controlled with significantly reduced damage severity. The bearing capacity and stiffness reached 141% and 115% of the original column’s values respectively, accompanied by a 20% improvement in deformation capacity, demonstrating excellent reinforcement performance. The prestressed lattice steel provides substantial lateral confinement, inducing compressive stresses in reinforced components that enhance material properties and retard crack development. Finally, based on the section equilibrium method, a calculation formula for axial compressive bearing capacity of fully bolted prestressed lattice steel-reinforced seismic-damaged RC columns was established, laying a theoretical foundation for engineering applications of this innovative reinforcement technique.

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该文采用空间异型钢结构代替传统角钢,提出一种新型预应力钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)柱加固方法,利用预应力技术与螺栓连接,提高其约束效果和施工效率。共设计4个试件,通过轴心受压试验,获得不同形式试件的失效模式、荷载-位移曲线和应变分布规律等。研究表明:经过地震损伤后,RC柱轴压极限承载力降低24%,刚度退化46%。经过预应力格构钢加固后,混凝土裂缝发展得到较好控制,破坏程度明显降低;承载力和刚度达到了原柱的141%和115%,变形能力提高20%,表现出较好的加固效果。预应力格构钢可提供较大横向约束,使得加固件受到压应力作用,进而改善材料性能,延缓裂缝发展。最后,基于截面平衡法,提出了全螺栓预应力格构钢加固震损钢筋混凝土柱轴压承载力计算公式,为该新型加固方法的工程应用奠定了研究基础。

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王振山(1980—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事新型钢结构及组合结构研究。E-mail:

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王振山(1980—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事新型钢结构及组合结构研究。E-mail:

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Experiment and analysis on square tubed reinforced concrete stub columns under axial compression[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2011, 32(2): 68-74. 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Experimental design parameters

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试件编号试件高度/mm柱截面/mm震损加固预应力形式
Z11000250×250
Z21000250×250
Z31000250×250
Z41000250×250
), ArticleFig(id=1241802928260973045, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793646342161, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试验设计参数

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试件编号试件高度/mm柱截面/mm震损加固预应力形式
Z11000250×250
Z21000250×250
Z31000250×250
Z41000250×250
), ArticleFig(id=1241802928403579396, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793646342161, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mechanical properties of steel

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序号钢材厚度/mm屈服强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa伸长率/%
13418.33481.6720512.1
28425.46567.2820812.0
314477.55690.2120818.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241802928525214225, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793646342161, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

钢材力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号钢材厚度/mm屈服强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa弹性模量/GPa伸长率/%
13418.33481.6720512.1
28425.46567.2820812.0
314477.55690.2120818.8
), ArticleFig(id=1241802928684597793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793646342161, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Mechanical properties of concrete

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混凝土强度等级试件标号fcu,k/MPafck/MPa弹性模量/(×104 MPa)
C50C153.234.33.45
C254.535.23.48
C353.734.63.43
均值53.834.73.45
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混凝土力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混凝土强度等级试件标号fcu,k/MPafck/MPa弹性模量/(×104 MPa)
C50C153.234.33.45
C254.535.23.48
C353.734.63.43
均值53.834.73.45
), ArticleFig(id=1241802929041113665, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793646342161, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Ultimate bearing capacity and displacement values

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试件Py/kNPu/kNΔy/mmΔu/mmΔmax/mmPu/PyΔmax/ΔyK0/(kN/mm)
Z1305634298.119.409.721.121.20347
Z2223526208.9610.1410.581.171.18187
Z3359041719.6811.3612.191.161.26299
Z4416048389.6711.6614.121.161.46399
), ArticleFig(id=1241802930639143511, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791793646342161, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

承载力与位移值

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试件Py/kNPu/kNΔy/mmΔu/mmΔmax/mmPu/PyΔmax/ΔyK0/(kN/mm)
Z1305634298.119.409.721.121.20347
Z2223526208.9610.1410.581.171.18187
Z3359041719.6811.3612.191.161.26299
Z4416048389.6711.6614.121.161.46399
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预应力格构钢加固震损RC柱轴压性能与承载力计算研究
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王振山 1 , 徐佳林 1 , 田鹏刚 2 , 卢俊龙 1 , 田建勃 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(3): 191-201
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(3): 191-201
预应力格构钢加固震损RC柱轴压性能与承载力计算研究
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王振山1 , 徐佳林1, 田鹏刚2, 卢俊龙1, 田建勃1
作者信息
  • 1.西安理工大学 土木建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
  • 2.陕西建工控股集团未来城市创新科技有限公司,陕西 西安 727021
  • 王振山(1980—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事新型钢结构及组合结构研究。E-mail:

Study on axial compression performance and bearing capacity calculation of seismic-damaged RC columns strengthened with prestressed lattice steel
Zhenshan WANG1 , Jialin XU1, Penggang TIAN2, Junlong LU1, Jianbo TIAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
  • 2.Shaanxi Construction Engineering Holding Group Science and Technology Innovation of Future City Co., Ltd., Xi’an 727021, China
出版时间: 2025-06-30 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0317
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该文采用空间异型钢结构代替传统角钢,提出一种新型预应力钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)柱加固方法,利用预应力技术与螺栓连接,提高其约束效果和施工效率。共设计4个试件,通过轴心受压试验,获得不同形式试件的失效模式、荷载-位移曲线和应变分布规律等。研究表明:经过地震损伤后,RC柱轴压极限承载力降低24%,刚度退化46%。经过预应力格构钢加固后,混凝土裂缝发展得到较好控制,破坏程度明显降低;承载力和刚度达到了原柱的141%和115%,变形能力提高20%,表现出较好的加固效果。预应力格构钢可提供较大横向约束,使得加固件受到压应力作用,进而改善材料性能,延缓裂缝发展。最后,基于截面平衡法,提出了全螺栓预应力格构钢加固震损钢筋混凝土柱轴压承载力计算公式,为该新型加固方法的工程应用奠定了研究基础。

螺栓连接  /  震损  /  预应力  /  格构钢  /  轴心受压  /  极限承载力

This paper proposes a novel prestressed reinforced concrete (RC) column reinforcement method by replacing traditional angle steel with spatial special-shaped steel structures, which enhances constraint effectiveness and construction efficiency through prestressing technology and bolt connections. Four specimens were designed and subjected to axial compression tests to obtain failure modes, load-displacement curves, and strain distribution patterns of different configurations. The study found that post-earthquake damaged RC columns exhibited a 24% reduction in ultimate axial compressive bearing capacity and 46% stiffness degradation. After prestressed lattice steel reinforcement, concrete crack propagation was effectively controlled with significantly reduced damage severity. The bearing capacity and stiffness reached 141% and 115% of the original column’s values respectively, accompanied by a 20% improvement in deformation capacity, demonstrating excellent reinforcement performance. The prestressed lattice steel provides substantial lateral confinement, inducing compressive stresses in reinforced components that enhance material properties and retard crack development. Finally, based on the section equilibrium method, a calculation formula for axial compressive bearing capacity of fully bolted prestressed lattice steel-reinforced seismic-damaged RC columns was established, laying a theoretical foundation for engineering applications of this innovative reinforcement technique.

bolted connection  /  seismic damage  /  prestressing  /  lattice steel  /  axial compression  /  ultimate bearing capacity
王振山, 徐佳林, 田鹏刚, 卢俊龙, 田建勃. 预应力格构钢加固震损RC柱轴压性能与承载力计算研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (3) : 191 -201 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0317
Zhenshan WANG, Jialin XU, Penggang TIAN, Junlong LU, Jianbo TIAN. Study on axial compression performance and bearing capacity calculation of seismic-damaged RC columns strengthened with prestressed lattice steel[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (3) : 191 -201 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0317
根据我国“中震可修”抗震设计理念,进行震损建筑加固,恢复受损承载功能,对于保障结构安全意义重大。实际当中,钢筋混凝土框架柱加固性能提升十分常见,从目前的加固方法看,总体上分为湿式与干式两种。湿式加固方法主要包括:增加截面法、置换混凝土法以及高性能砂浆加固等;干式加固方法主要包括:外粘型钢法、预应力筋加固、粘贴纤维复合材料法以及绕丝加固等。干式加固具有施工效率高、构件尺寸增加少等优点。其中,角钢加固柱是最为常见的方法。吕文龙等[1]开展了角钢加固钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能研究,发现采用螺栓连接的角钢加固构件抗弯承载力比未加固构件提高了1.4倍左右。为研究角钢加固柱耐火性能,周立人等[2]进行了外包角钢加固钢筋混凝土柱的抗火性能试验,试验表明,在高温环境下,砂浆保护层与钢材黏结性较差,剥落严重,构件的耐火极限随着偏心率的增大而减小。卢亦焱等[3]开展了外包钢加固柱轴心受压承载力计算方法研究,考虑了角钢体系对混凝土的约束作用。RONG等[4]对外包钢加固钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)柱进行了试验研究,发现角钢可以提供较大围压力,相同围压对低强度混凝土构件作用更加明显。朴贤日等[5]通过对6榀不同梁截面尺寸与抗震等级的预应力混凝土(prestressed concrete,PC)框架进行抗震性能研究,发现在罕遇地震作用下,各结构的最大层间位移角均能满足现规范1/50的限值要求,破坏机制表现为“强梁弱柱”。李硕等[6]分析震损加固后RC柱抗震性能影响因素,发现预损程度、加固方式和RC柱设计参数等因素对震损加固后RC柱抗震性能有较大影响。臧兴震等[7]通过研究加劲T形钢管约束混凝土柱滞回性能,发现外包钢管的长度与试件的承载力和延性呈正相关;T形钢管约束混凝土柱相比T形钢筋混凝土柱的刚度、承载力以及耗能性能均有明显提高。传统角钢加固构造简单,但需要现场焊接,残余变形等影响较大,施工速度也有待提高。
螺栓连接具有施工速度快,质量可靠等优势。倪赛雄等[8]开展了螺栓连接钢管夹层混凝土加固柱轴压力学性能研究,发现加固柱的承载力随着螺栓连接外套钢管厚度或强度的增大而提高。MARQUES等[9]进行了螺栓套筒自密实混凝土加固RC柱受力性能研究,发现螺栓的位置和数量对构件承载力影响较大。目前,关于螺栓连接加固方法研究相对较为匮乏,还未形成成熟技术,相关工作有待开展。预应力加固可减轻加固材料与原构件之间的应力滞后现象,增大构件刚度,对混凝土形成较好约束作用。杨勇等[10]开展了预应力碳纤维条带(简称CFRP)加固RC框架节点的抗震性能试验研究,施加预应力CFRP条带后,试件的破坏形态由剪切破坏变为弯曲破坏,力学性能获得显著改善。FENG等[11]对预应力CFRP条带加固构件轴压性能进行研究,发现其屈曲荷载提高了1.5倍。叶超等[12]研究了预应力钢带加固RC柱的尺寸效应,发现抗压强度和刚度的提升幅度与截面尺寸呈负相关。SI等[13]开展了预应力聚酯纤维带(简称PET)-角钢加固钢筋混凝土柱偏心受压性能研究,发现施加预应力能够提供主动约束,抗压强度与变形能力显著提高。针对预应力钢板箍-CFRP复合加固RC柱轴压性能,黄群贤等[14]进行了试验研究,结果表明,加固后试件受力性能明显改善,破坏主要集中在加固套箍间的非约束区。预应力加固可产生环向挤压作用,对核心混凝土形成较强的约束,进而提升构件受力性能。
综上分析,预应力钢结构加固具有构造简单、施工速度快,加固效果好等优势。本文提出了一种全螺栓预应力格构钢加固方法,采用异型格构钢代替角钢,通过空间结构形式,提高试件的刚度;缀板采用全螺栓连接,有效避免现场焊接;通过施加预应力,对内部构件形成挤压作用,以增强加固效果。本文针对该新型加固钢筋混凝土柱进行轴心受压试验,获得试件的破坏模式、极限承载力和变形能力等,并对预应力格构钢加固机理进行了分析。在试验的基础上,采用叠加理论,提出了预应力格构钢加固RC柱轴压承载力计算公式。研究结果可为该新型加固方法的工程应用提供基础。
试验共设计制作4根试件,具体试件设计参数见表1。原柱截面尺寸250 mm×250 mm,高度1000 mm,混凝土采用C50等级,保护层厚度20 mm,箍筋采用HPB300级ϕ8 mm双肢箍,纵筋采用HRB400级14 mm钢筋,配筋率为0.98%,低于1.5%配筋率设计要求,属于缺陷构件,试件配筋及加固件尺寸具体见图1。加固试件所用钢材均采用Q235-B钢材,格构钢采用L形中空设计,厚度为3 mm,其目的为了提高构件刚度;同时,为螺栓连接提供安装空间。连接缀板采用3 mm×95 mm×200 mm钢板;螺栓采用直径16 mm的10.9级高强摩擦型螺栓。加固过程如下(图2):首先,原柱角部固定格构钢,在截面1、3、6处,通过螺栓对拉施加预紧力,按照扭矩大小进行控制;四周施加预紧力后,在截面2、4、5处连接缀板;固定牢固后,拆除1、3、6处预应力施加件,并安装缀板;至此,完成加固。试件制作及加工情况见图3。预应力按单肢单侧接触混凝土面积的0.1 fc压力大小施加。最终,施加预应力大小为120 kN。依据GB/T 228.1—2010《金属材料拉伸试验第1部分:室温试验方法》[15]和GB/T 50081—2019《混凝土物理力学性能试验方法标准》[16]开展钢材与混凝土材料性能测试,具体见表2表3
研究考虑地震损伤作用,采用水平滞回方式对柱进行地震损伤模拟,轴压比为0.3,构件轴压设计值为2350 kN,根据轴压比大小,竖向施加700 kN压力,加载装置见图4。根据GB/T 24335—2009《建(构)筑物地震破坏等级划分》[17]规范,按中等地震作用考虑,荷载按试件转角的1.2%进行加载,位移值取13.8 mm。损伤过程采用等幅循环方式,随着循环次数的增大,试件刚度发生退化。规定,当试件抗侧刚度退化至75%时,地震损伤完成。损伤初期,试件无明显现象;损伤中期,混凝土柱中下部出现横向裂缝与斜裂缝;损伤后期,试件开裂现象加剧,裂缝延伸,且中上部出现横向贯穿裂缝,刚度退化明显,见图5;地震损伤荷载-位移滞回曲线见图6
对损伤后柱子进行加固,开展轴心受压试验研究。采用长柱压力机进行加载,见图7。预估极限荷载80%之前,采用荷载控制,每级为200 kN,速度为60 kN/min,荷载达到预估极限荷载80%后,采用位移控制,速度为0.1 mm/min。荷载下降至极限荷载的85%时,试验结束。
试件Z1为普通钢筋混凝土柱,不考虑地震损伤作用。加载初期,无明显试验现象。当荷载达到2100 kN时,试件C面中部出现竖向微裂缝,见图8(a);当达到2850 kN时,试件中部与上部出现多条竖向微裂缝,如图8(b)所示;随着位移增大,当荷载达到3429 kN时,达到峰值荷载;随后,试件承载力快速降低,中部混凝土大面积剥落,发生压溃破坏,试验结束,见图8(c)
试件Z2受到地震损伤作用,未加固。加载初期,无明显试验现象。当加至1 050 kN时,试件C面下端出现新裂缝,见图9(a);当加至2200 kN时,D面下半部分出现多条竖向裂缝且有混凝土剥落现象,C面新增数条裂缝,见图9(b);当加至2620 kN时,达到峰值荷载,试件承载力快速下降,试验结束。破坏现象:试件下部左侧混凝土出现多条竖向裂缝,混凝土发生少量剥落,见图9(c)。试件Z2经过地震损伤作用后,在试件内部已经形成破坏面,再次受到荷载作用时,可以从原有的破坏面释放能量,不会形成新的破坏面,故试件Z2破坏程度比试件Z1小。
Z3为考虑地震损伤的全螺栓格构钢加固柱。加载初期,无明显试验现象。当加载至2 980 kN时,格构钢端部发生鼓曲,见图10(a);随着荷载增大,变形不断发展;当加至4171 kN时,达到峰值荷载,格构钢各部屈曲变形更加严重,试件承载力降低,试件失效。拆除格构钢发现,内部混凝土试件中、下部混凝土产生多条竖向裂缝,柱右侧混凝土掉落并漏出纵筋,底部混凝土发生破损,具体破坏现象见图10(b)
Z4为震损全螺栓预应力格构钢加固柱。加载初期,试件未出现明显破坏,荷载增加至2400 kN时,格构钢上端出现鼓曲,见图11(a);荷载增加至2800 kN时,格构钢下端发生屈曲;当加至4838 kN时,试件承载力达到峰值,随着荷载增加,各部屈曲变形更加严重,承载力发生降低,试件失效。拆除格构钢,观察芯柱破坏现象发现:混凝土裂缝以横向开裂为主,竖向裂缝相对较少,整体上看,芯柱混凝土破坏程度,明显低于Z2试件,预应力作用下,混凝土开裂得到了较好控制,未发生大面积破损情况,具体破坏现象见图11(b)
各试件荷载-位移曲线见图12,极限承载力与最大位移见表4。受到中等地震损伤后,该RC柱极限承载力由3429 kN降低至2620 kN,退化了24%;其中,刚度退化更为明显,达到了46%,受力性能发生大幅度降低。经过格构钢加固后,震损柱承载力与原柱Z1(未受损伤)相比,承载力与刚度分别达到了原柱的122%和86%,钢结构加固在承载力上作用较为突出,但对于刚度提升方面未能达到原柱水平。
采用预应力格构钢加固后,受损构件承载力达到了原柱的141%,刚度达到了原柱的115%。施加预应力后,构件整体强度得到进一步提高;其中,刚度提升更为显著。综上来看,中等地震作用下,RC柱刚度损失更加明显,退化基本达到50%;采用格构钢加固后,承载力得到大幅度恢复,且有20%左右提升,但刚度仍比未受损构件低15%。经过预应力加固后,受损构件性能大幅度提升,承载力与刚度均超过原型柱,且有较大裕度;同时,构件变形能力提高20%。由此可见,施加预应力后,芯柱混凝土受到约束,材料强度、抗裂能力得到显著改善,试件承载力、刚度以及延性均得到大幅度提升。
各试件中部混凝土纵向荷载-应变曲线见图13。加载初期,混凝土应变基本呈线性增长;其中,原柱Z1的混凝土应变增长速度明显大于预应力格构钢加固柱,原柱中部混凝土产生应变最大;加固后,格构钢纵向承担轴压荷载,混凝土承担的荷载减少;增强了混凝土承载能力和变形能力,缀板限制向外弯曲的趋势,提高了格构钢的纵向利用率。
纵筋和箍筋的荷载-应变曲线见图14图15。应变的整体增长趋势与混凝土相似;纵筋应变前期保持稳定,试件进入弹塑性阶段后均开始加速增长;经预应力加固后,箍筋应变增长速度变小。通过分析发现,施加预应力后,格构钢对混凝土的横向约束作用增强,箍筋承受的横向应力减少。
各试件格构钢和缀板的荷载-应变曲线见图16图17。弹性阶段:试件Z3格构钢横-纵应变比约为0.33;试件Z4格构钢横-纵应变比约为0.82,提升150%;弹塑性阶段:试件Z3格构钢横-纵应变比约为0.49;试件Z4格构钢横-纵应变比约为0.85,提升73%;施加预应力之后,缀板中部应变提升92%。试件经过全螺栓格构钢的加固后,格构钢横向应变与纵向应变的比值提升明显;试件Z4格构钢在纵向受到的压力更大,对混凝土的横向约束作用更强;试件Z3缀板的横向约束作用小于试件Z4;格构钢受到竖向压缩时,缀板限制向外弯曲的趋势,从而可以施加横向预应力,提升横向应变与纵向应变的比值,提高格构钢的利用率。从刚度角度,材料利用率提高30%以上。
在加载初期,混凝土、纵筋和格构钢共同承担轴压荷载。随着荷载的增加,格构钢两端发生鼓曲变形,并逐渐增大;随着变形的增加,格构钢失去对内部混凝土约束作用;其中,加固件端部破坏最为严重。最终,柱底部混凝土发生剥落破坏;柱中部混凝土发生竖向开裂,裂缝分布区域为柱身2/3左右。螺栓和缀板采用弹性设计,整个加载过程中均未发生明显变形。
通过分析发现:预应力格构钢可以约束混凝土横向变形,竖向荷载作用下,混凝土受到三向挤压作用,受力与抗裂能力得到明显改善;加固后试件受力更加均匀。由于原柱受到地震损伤作用,破坏位置主要集中在柱底部,经过加固后,除了柱脚部发生破坏外,塑性区向柱中部发展,这与未加固试件差异明显;表明构件经过加固后,整体性变好;具体破坏过程见图18
预应力格构钢约束形式见图19。基于叠加原理,分为预应力作用和格构钢约束两部分,见图19(a)、(b)。4个角部的格构钢,通过螺栓拉力作用,沿肢长对其接触的混凝土形成挤压作用。其中,角部受到双向预应力挤压,当构件受到竖向荷载作用时,其处于三向受压状态,定义其为强约束区。对于加固件边缘格构钢肢长宽度范围,受到单向挤压作用,轴心荷载作用下,处于双向挤压状态,定义其为弱约束区。对于传统钢筋混凝土构件轴心荷载作用下,角部易发生混凝土开裂情况,预应力可对角部薄弱区进行加强,可有效缓解混凝土角部破坏问题。同时,弱约束区形成的环向挤压带,可形成一定的套箍作用,以对内部混凝土形成约束效果。
格构钢约束作用与角钢类似,当作用有竖向荷载时,格构钢对混凝土接触面边缘起角45°向中心形成挤压作用,交叉十字形区域内混凝土处于三向受压状态,定义为有效约束区;截面其他区域受到轴压作用时,处于弱约束作用,定义为非有效约束区。预应力格构钢约束模式为两者进行叠加,见图19(c)。针对预应力格构钢加固机理进行分析,与传统角钢相比,预应力格构钢的约束范围提高,基本形成全截面约束;不同区域的约束程度不相同,角部受到的约束最大;格构钢对钢筋混凝土柱提供了横向主动约束,对其施加轴压荷载后,混凝土处于三向受压的应力状态,裂缝的产生和发展得到延缓,强度提高,从而增强钢筋混凝土柱的极限承载力和延性。增加预应力后,格构钢局部稳定性提高;当混凝土发生横向变形,格构钢约束作用提高更加显著,两者协同工作能力提高。
根据全螺栓预应力格构钢加固机理与混凝土约束区受力模型,进行加固件极限承载计算研究。对于整个混凝土截面,约束形式不同,十分复杂。参考文献[18],通过乘以有效约束系数来考虑约束的不均匀性,统一转化为均匀分布。本文采用预应力格构钢对钢筋混凝土构件进行加固,角部约束最大,边缘中部较小,其约束作用与方形钢管作用相似。本文通过提出预应力格构钢有效约束系数,将其约束作用按全截面等效考虑,该方法可以有效降低混凝土约束作用分析难度。利用MANDER等[19]提出的约束混凝土模型,进行改进修正。该约束混凝土模型本构关系如式(1)所示:
式中:fcc为约束混凝土的轴压强度;fc0为非约束混凝土的轴压强度(由试验获得);fl为核心混凝土的等效侧向压应力。全截面混凝土约束作用采用等效侧向压应力进行考虑,分析模型见图20
可知:
式中:为格构钢的侧向压力;fsh为格构钢的横向拉应力;a为格构钢约束宽度,取45 mm;b为试件宽度,取250 mm;t为格构钢厚度;l为格构钢长度;fsh1为格构钢和缀板约束系统提供的横向拉应力;fsh2为预应力提供的横向拉应力;根据周绪红等[20]提出的方钢管混凝土中钢管侧向应力的计算方法,其表达式为
峰值荷载点处钢管的横向应力,其表达式为
非有效约束区的混凝土面积为
有效约束区的混凝土面积为
横截面有效约束系数为
得到混凝土的等效侧向压应力,其表达式为
将上述公式代入式(1)中,得到预应力格构钢约束混凝土受压强度。
全螺栓格构钢加固钢筋混凝土柱承载力包含三个部分,分别是混凝土承载力Nc、钢筋承载力Ns和格构钢承载力Ng,根据叠加原理,承载力计算参考文献[20],承载力计算公式为
式中:fcc为约束混凝土抗压强度;Ac为混凝土截面积;fy为纵筋屈服强度;As为纵筋截面积;Cg为格构钢增强系数,无预应力时取1.0,有预应力时取1.4;fg为格构钢屈服强度;Ag为格构钢截面积;β1为地震损伤影响系数,考虑地震损伤影响柱与未考虑地震损伤影响柱的屈服荷载之比为0.75,结合试验结果,损伤影响系数在无损伤时取1,中等损伤时取0.75;β2为混凝土增强系数,在预应力作用下,格构钢对芯柱混凝土的围压作用和约束效应得到大幅度提升,混凝土增强系数在无预应力时取1.7,有预应力时取1.85。
本文提出的计算方法适用于中等地震损伤RC柱加固后承载力计算;对于不同震损程度的影响,还有待进一步开展工作。
针对试件Z3及Z4承载力进行理论计算,将理论计算与试验结果进行对比,见图21。通过结果比较,两者误差在6%以内,精度较好。
通过开展全螺栓预应力格构钢加固钢筋混凝土柱轴心受压试验以及极限承载力计算研究,主要得到以下结论:
1)经中等地震损伤后,钢筋混凝土柱极限承载力退化了24%;刚度退化更为明显,达到了46%,受力性能发生大幅度降低,钢筋混凝土柱纵筋屈服,中部混凝土压溃,并发生大面积脱落。
2)预应力加固柱破坏模式为格构钢两端鼓曲,柱身中部混凝土出现均匀分布微小裂缝,破坏程度远远低于原柱构件。施加预应力后,承载力达到了原柱的141%,刚度达到了原柱的115%,变形能力提高20%;经过加固后,受损构件性能大幅度提升,承载力与刚度均超过原型柱,且有较大裕度。
3)通过约束模式分析发现:预应力格构钢加固试件,角部受到的约束最大;格构钢对钢筋混凝土提供了较大横向约束,对其施加轴压荷载后,混凝土处于三向受压应力状态,材料性能得以改善,裂缝发展受到延缓;该加固方法约束范围较大,基本形成全截面约束。
4)基于该约束模型,提出格构钢增强系数Cg、混凝土损伤影响系数β1和混凝土增强系数β2,建立了加固后构件轴压极限承载力计算公式。
综合来看,格构钢作为一种异型空间截面,稳定性与刚度较好;施加预应力后,基本形成全截面约束,改善了加固柱混凝土与钢筋受力状态;该加固方法采用螺栓进行预应力施加与连接,施工较为便捷,具有较好的工程应用价值。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51978571)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0317
  • 接收时间:2023-12-19
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-19
  • 修回日期:2024-03-08
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51978571)
作者信息
    1.西安理工大学 土木建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
    2.陕西建工控股集团未来城市创新科技有限公司,陕西 西安 727021
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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