Article(id=1241791796821426533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791788986471392, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0312, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1716998400000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-30, revisedDate=1726588800000, revisedDateStr=2024-09-18, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773995835738, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1751212800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-30, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773995835738, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773995835738, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773995835738, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241791788986471392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='231', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773995833869, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996997624, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796670220993006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791788986471392, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796670220993007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791788986471392, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=140, endPage=149, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241791797266022767, articleId=1241791796821426533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Transverse seismic analysis of underground cross interchange utility tunnel(Ⅰ): Method and validation, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The construction of underground utility tunnels has developed rapidly, resulting in a large number of interchange utility tunnels, and the interchange nodes of the these tunnels are mostly cast-in-place as a whole. Due to the significant difference in lateral resisting stiffness in two orthogonal directions of the interchange utility tunnel, and the soil deformation is closely related to the buried depth of utility tunnel, the seismic response mechanism of the interchange utility tunnel is complex. In this paper, a response displacement method for the transverse seismic analysis of underground interchange utility tunnel is proposed. Taking a cross interchange cast-in-place utility tunnel as the research project, the load-structure model of the cross interchange utility tunnel is established via the response displacement method. The maximum relative deformation and its occurrence time between the layers of the interchange utility tunnel are studied, and the method in this paper is verified by the time history analysis method. Results indicate that for the underground interchange utility tunnel, the maximum relative deformation between the layers of interchange node does not occur simutaneously. Considering only the maximum relative deformation of the top slab and bottom slab of the interchange node may not be the most unfavorable condition for seismic analysis of the structure. It is necessary to calculate the maximum relative deformation between the layers of the interchange node to determine the most unfavorable condition of the overall structure. The method in this paper can accurately calculate the internal force and deformation response of underground cross interchange utility tunnel under seismic action, which is of reference value for the transverse seismic design of the underground interchange utility tunnel.

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地下管廊工程建设发展迅速,形成大量立交管廊,且立交管廊的立交节点多整体现浇。因立交管廊在正交2个方向的抗侧移刚度存在巨大差异,同时土体变形与管廊埋深关系密切,立交管廊地震响应机理复杂。该文提出了地下立交管廊横向抗震分析的反应位移法。以某地下十字立交现浇管廊为例,采用反应位移法建立立交管廊的荷载-结构模型,研究立交节点各层之间最大相对变形及发生时刻,并通过时程分析法进行了验证。研究结果表明:立交节点各层之间最大相对变形不在同一时刻发生,仅考虑立交节点顶底板之间最大相对变形对结构进行抗震分析,可能并不是最不利工况,有必要计算交叉节点各层之间最大相对变形,以确定整体结构的最不利工况;该文方法能够准确计算地下十字立交管廊在地震作用下的内力和变形响应,对地下立交管廊进行横向抗震设计具有参考价值。

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梁建文(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事地下结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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梁建文(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事地下结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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梁建文(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事地下结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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articleId=1241791796821426533, companyId=1241802904525411199, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=天津大学 建筑工程学院,天津 300350)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1241802909755707662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Analysis model of load-structure of cross interchange utility tunnel, figureFileSmall=blwCwDSmJJn1e4j1Du2KLA==, figureFileBig=EIjFvECi7Rr3oFy6uzd2mA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802909877342490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=CN, label=图1, caption=十字立交管廊荷载-结构分析模型, figureFileSmall=blwCwDSmJJn1e4j1Du2KLA==, figureFileBig=EIjFvECi7Rr3oFy6uzd2mA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802910066086190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Analysis model of cross interchange cast-in-place utility tunnel, figureFileSmall=KOpHRYdz2ui/aLYpJDpGHg==, figureFileBig=dO5B51GeY4erjqYgEfNWnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802910229664070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=CN, label=图2, caption=十字立交现浇管廊分析模型, figureFileSmall=KOpHRYdz2ui/aLYpJDpGHg==, figureFileBig=dO5B51GeY4erjqYgEfNWnA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802910376464726, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Relationship between soil dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio and shear strain, figureFileSmall=ZvdCNTyx2NS3WM9WrMez9w==, figureFileBig=Y71MjnJptmPY6xmsayeH/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802910510682466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=CN, label=图3, caption=土体动剪切模量和阻尼比与剪应变之间的关系, figureFileSmall=ZvdCNTyx2NS3WM9WrMez9w==, figureFileBig=Y71MjnJptmPY6xmsayeH/g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802910586179946, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Acceleration time-history of earthquake waves, figureFileSmall=JrtxAA7SR+fG/o59Kc+KYw==, figureFileBig=oaSatwF3+9iLcYWaU2HOoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802910724591999, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=CN, label=图4, caption=地震波加速度时程, figureFileSmall=JrtxAA7SR+fG/o59Kc+KYw==, figureFileBig=oaSatwF3+9iLcYWaU2HOoA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802910833643917, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Force-displacement relationship for foundation springs and deformation joint springs, figureFileSmall=3vQ98gismfaJu9pKSwfTaQ==, figureFileBig=GcveKN1+QArUaW2OqgQ9BQ==, tableContent=null), 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language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Finite element model and springs arrangement of cross interchange cast-in-place utility tunnel, figureFileSmall=YSYYcam5Ev5f+KakrptvFw==, figureFileBig=ewySU2eS23YpHm8Wj8TmvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802912842715598, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=CN, label=图7, caption=十字立交现浇管廊有限元模型及弹簧布置, figureFileSmall=YSYYcam5Ev5f+KakrptvFw==, figureFileBig=ewySU2eS23YpHm8Wj8TmvA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802912976933340, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameters of soil layer

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编号场地类别厚度/m剪切波速/(m/s)密度/(kg/m3阻尼比泊松比
1(地表)1012519000.050.42
21017519250.050.42
31022519500.050.42
41027519750.050.42
51032520000.050.42
61037520250.050.42
71042520500.050.42
81047520750.050.42
9(基岩)50021000.020.25
), ArticleFig(id=1241802913153094121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

土层参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号场地类别厚度/m剪切波速/(m/s)密度/(kg/m3阻尼比泊松比
1(地表)1012519000.050.42
21017519250.050.42
31022519500.050.42
41027519750.050.42
51032520000.050.42
61037520250.050.42
71042520500.050.42
81047520750.050.42
9(基岩)50021000.020.25
), ArticleFig(id=1241802913274728949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Moment of the maximum relative deformation between layers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震波类型PGA/g各层最大相对变形发生时刻
安评波0.20t2 = t3 = 7.82 s;t1 = 7.84 s
0.38t2 = 15.46 s;t1 = t3 = 15.88 s
ElCentro波0.20t2 = t3 = 2.56 s;t1 = 2.58 s
0.40t2 = 2.26 s;t1 = t3 = 2.58 s
Taft波0.20t1 = t2 = t3 = 7.00 s
0.40t1 = t2 = t3 = 7.10 s
), ArticleFig(id=1241802913413141001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

各层最大相对变形发生时刻

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震波类型PGA/g各层最大相对变形发生时刻
安评波0.20t2 = t3 = 7.82 s;t1 = 7.84 s
0.38t2 = 15.46 s;t1 = t3 = 15.88 s
ElCentro波0.20t2 = t3 = 2.56 s;t1 = 2.58 s
0.40t2 = 2.26 s;t1 = t3 = 2.58 s
Taft波0.20t1 = t2 = t3 = 7.00 s
0.40t1 = t2 = t3 = 7.10 s
), ArticleFig(id=1241802913551553049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Comparison of internal force peak results between the proposed method in this paper and THM

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震波计算方法纵向管廊截面轴力峰值/kN纵向管廊截面剪力峰值/kN纵向管廊截面弯矩峰值/(kN•m)横向管廊截面轴力峰值/kN横向管廊截面剪力峰值/kN横向管廊截面弯矩峰值/(kN•m)
安评波(0.20 g本文方法3276051160379601892.82536.32459.14
t2 = t3 = 7.82 s)(1.36%)(0.04%)(0.50%)(0.42%)(0.46%)(0.19%)
本文方法3287050820379001888.76532.04458.33
t1 = 7.84 s)(1.70%)(0.70%)(0.34%)(0.20%)(0.35%)(0.01%)
THM3232051180377701884.93533.89458.27
El Centro波本文方法2997054330397701791.36455.70473.02
(0.20 gt2 = t3 = 2.56 s)(5.98%)(0.42%)(0.73%)(0.70%)(0.78%)(0.06%)
本文方法2920053560392901767.11444.90468.57
t1 = 2.58 s)(3.25%)(1.83%)(0.48%)(0.66%)(1.61%)(1.00%)
THM2828054560394801778.84452.19473.31
Taft波(0.20 g)本文方法4708066580510602461.61661.30606.25
t1 = t2 = t3 = 7.00 s)(3.09%)(0.12%)(0.89%)(0.56%)(0.56%)(0.32%)
THM4567066500506102448.02657.65604.34
), ArticleFig(id=1241802913660604965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

本文计算方法和时程分析法内力峰值结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震波计算方法纵向管廊截面轴力峰值/kN纵向管廊截面剪力峰值/kN纵向管廊截面弯矩峰值/(kN•m)横向管廊截面轴力峰值/kN横向管廊截面剪力峰值/kN横向管廊截面弯矩峰值/(kN•m)
安评波(0.20 g本文方法3276051160379601892.82536.32459.14
t2 = t3 = 7.82 s)(1.36%)(0.04%)(0.50%)(0.42%)(0.46%)(0.19%)
本文方法3287050820379001888.76532.04458.33
t1 = 7.84 s)(1.70%)(0.70%)(0.34%)(0.20%)(0.35%)(0.01%)
THM3232051180377701884.93533.89458.27
El Centro波本文方法2997054330397701791.36455.70473.02
(0.20 gt2 = t3 = 2.56 s)(5.98%)(0.42%)(0.73%)(0.70%)(0.78%)(0.06%)
本文方法2920053560392901767.11444.90468.57
t1 = 2.58 s)(3.25%)(1.83%)(0.48%)(0.66%)(1.61%)(1.00%)
THM2828054560394801778.84452.19473.31
Taft波(0.20 g)本文方法4708066580510602461.61661.30606.25
t1 = t2 = t3 = 7.00 s)(3.09%)(0.12%)(0.89%)(0.56%)(0.56%)(0.32%)
THM4567066500506102448.02657.65604.34
), ArticleFig(id=1241802913782239799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Comparison of inter-story displacement angle results between the proposed method in this paper and THM method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测位置安评波0.38 gEl Centro波0.40 gTaft波0.40 g
本文方法
t2 = 15.46 s)
本文方法
t1 = t3 = 15.88 s)
THM本文方法
t2 = 2.26 s)
本文方法
t1 = t3 = 2.58 s)
THM本文方法
t1 = t2 = t3 = 7.10 s
THM
立交节点顶中板0.008050
(6.08%)
0.008410
(1.88%)
0.0085710.008299
(1.11%)
0.008829
(5.21%)
0.0083920.010701
(9.31%)
0.009790
中底板0.005582
(1.81%)
0.004741
(16.61%)
0.0056850.003063
(4.93%)
0.003165
(1.77%)
0.0032220.004122
(4.80%)
0.004330
顶底板0.006818
(3.04%)
0.006576
(6.48%)
0.0070320.005681
(4.98%)
0.005997
(0.30%)
0.0059790.007412
(0.63%)
0.007459
横向管廊T10.005737
(1.79%)
0.005912
(4.90%)
0.0056360.005557
(8.22%)
0.006326
(4.48%)
0.0060550.007454
(2.21%)
0.007293
纵向管廊L10.001767
(4.59%)
0.001741
(5.99%)
0.0018520.000399
(8.28%)
0.000411
(5.52%)
0.0004350.000614
(4.51%)
0.000643
), ArticleFig(id=1241802913908068930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791796821426533, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

本文计算方法和时程分析法层间位移角结果对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
监测位置安评波0.38 gEl Centro波0.40 gTaft波0.40 g
本文方法
t2 = 15.46 s)
本文方法
t1 = t3 = 15.88 s)
THM本文方法
t2 = 2.26 s)
本文方法
t1 = t3 = 2.58 s)
THM本文方法
t1 = t2 = t3 = 7.10 s
THM
立交节点顶中板0.008050
(6.08%)
0.008410
(1.88%)
0.0085710.008299
(1.11%)
0.008829
(5.21%)
0.0083920.010701
(9.31%)
0.009790
中底板0.005582
(1.81%)
0.004741
(16.61%)
0.0056850.003063
(4.93%)
0.003165
(1.77%)
0.0032220.004122
(4.80%)
0.004330
顶底板0.006818
(3.04%)
0.006576
(6.48%)
0.0070320.005681
(4.98%)
0.005997
(0.30%)
0.0059790.007412
(0.63%)
0.007459
横向管廊T10.005737
(1.79%)
0.005912
(4.90%)
0.0056360.005557
(8.22%)
0.006326
(4.48%)
0.0060550.007454
(2.21%)
0.007293
纵向管廊L10.001767
(4.59%)
0.001741
(5.99%)
0.0018520.000399
(8.28%)
0.000411
(5.52%)
0.0004350.000614
(4.51%)
0.000643
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地下十字立交管廊横向抗震分析(Ⅰ)———方法及验证
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梁建文 , 陈慧芳 , 李东桥 , 官其铝
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(3): 140-149
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(3): 140-149
地下十字立交管廊横向抗震分析(Ⅰ)———方法及验证
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梁建文 , 陈慧芳, 李东桥, 官其铝
作者信息
  • 天津大学 建筑工程学院,天津 300350
  • 梁建文(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事地下结构抗震研究。E-mail:

Transverse seismic analysis of underground cross interchange utility tunnel(Ⅰ): Method and validation
Jianwen LIANG , Huifang CHEN, Dongqiao LI, Qilv GUAN
Affiliations
  • School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
出版时间: 2025-06-30 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0312
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地下管廊工程建设发展迅速,形成大量立交管廊,且立交管廊的立交节点多整体现浇。因立交管廊在正交2个方向的抗侧移刚度存在巨大差异,同时土体变形与管廊埋深关系密切,立交管廊地震响应机理复杂。该文提出了地下立交管廊横向抗震分析的反应位移法。以某地下十字立交现浇管廊为例,采用反应位移法建立立交管廊的荷载-结构模型,研究立交节点各层之间最大相对变形及发生时刻,并通过时程分析法进行了验证。研究结果表明:立交节点各层之间最大相对变形不在同一时刻发生,仅考虑立交节点顶底板之间最大相对变形对结构进行抗震分析,可能并不是最不利工况,有必要计算交叉节点各层之间最大相对变形,以确定整体结构的最不利工况;该文方法能够准确计算地下十字立交管廊在地震作用下的内力和变形响应,对地下立交管廊进行横向抗震设计具有参考价值。

十字立交管廊  /  管廊立交节点  /  现浇管廊  /  变形缝  /  最不利工况

The construction of underground utility tunnels has developed rapidly, resulting in a large number of interchange utility tunnels, and the interchange nodes of the these tunnels are mostly cast-in-place as a whole. Due to the significant difference in lateral resisting stiffness in two orthogonal directions of the interchange utility tunnel, and the soil deformation is closely related to the buried depth of utility tunnel, the seismic response mechanism of the interchange utility tunnel is complex. In this paper, a response displacement method for the transverse seismic analysis of underground interchange utility tunnel is proposed. Taking a cross interchange cast-in-place utility tunnel as the research project, the load-structure model of the cross interchange utility tunnel is established via the response displacement method. The maximum relative deformation and its occurrence time between the layers of the interchange utility tunnel are studied, and the method in this paper is verified by the time history analysis method. Results indicate that for the underground interchange utility tunnel, the maximum relative deformation between the layers of interchange node does not occur simutaneously. Considering only the maximum relative deformation of the top slab and bottom slab of the interchange node may not be the most unfavorable condition for seismic analysis of the structure. It is necessary to calculate the maximum relative deformation between the layers of the interchange node to determine the most unfavorable condition of the overall structure. The method in this paper can accurately calculate the internal force and deformation response of underground cross interchange utility tunnel under seismic action, which is of reference value for the transverse seismic design of the underground interchange utility tunnel.

cross interchange utility tunnel  /  interchange node of utility tunnel  /  cast-in-place utility tunnel  /  deformation joint  /  the most unfavorable working condition
梁建文, 陈慧芳, 李东桥, 官其铝. 地下十字立交管廊横向抗震分析(Ⅰ)———方法及验证. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (3) : 140 -149 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0312
Jianwen LIANG, Huifang CHEN, Dongqiao LI, Qilv GUAN. Transverse seismic analysis of underground cross interchange utility tunnel(Ⅰ): Method and validation[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (3) : 140 -149 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0312
地下综合管廊是将给排水、燃气、电力和通讯等城市工程管线分门别类地置于一体的地下空间体,是城市发展不可或缺的生命线工程[1]。然而,地下管廊作为地下浅埋线长形结构,其在地震作用下容易发生损坏[2-3],研究地下管廊在地震作用下的响应机理、薄弱环节和破坏模式具有重要的工程意义。
近年来,国内外学者针对地下管廊抗震进行了不少研究。史晓军等[4]、陈隽等[5]通过一系列振动台试验研究了地下管廊在非一致地震激励下的地震响应。岳庆霞等[6]研究了地下管廊在近似Rayleigh波作用下的动力响应特征。杨剑等[7]通过FLAC研究了场地液化对管廊横断面地震响应的影响,结果表明土体液化产生的侧向剪切变形和上浮位移导致管廊在垂直轴向方向出现较大的变形。施有志等[8]研究了地下管廊在Rayleigh波与底部地震波双动力共同作用下的动力响应。郭恩栋等[9]通过ABAQUS对典型综合管廊体系的地震响应进行了研究,并讨论了廊体的破坏模式。蒋录珍等[10]研究了不同地震波时程、入射角度和孔隙率等因素对饱和土体-管廊动力相互作用体系地震响应的影响。李金奎等[11]利用ABAQUS研究了双舱地下管廊在不同地震动强度下的地震响应,指出中隔墙上下端部为薄弱位置。阮滨等[12]研究了液化场地下地下管廊纵向地震反应,发现管廊接头张开量在液化区显著增大。汤鹏等[13]考虑盾构管廊与内部混凝土支架相互作用,对管廊横向地震响应进行了模拟分析,发现管廊穿越较软土层时的损伤较大。黄德龙等[14]对管廊-非均匀土体体系在地震作用下的动力变形响应及其相互作用进行了抗震试验研究。JIN等[15]研究了双向、三向地震激励输入机制下,地下管廊在近断层、远场地震动下的动力响应。
以上文献均是针对直线形管廊的抗震性能研究。然而,地下管廊分布复杂,管廊在城市地下交叉相连,形成大量十字和丁字等交叉管廊。由于交叉管廊在不同主轴方向上存在刚度差异,因而可能造成交叉节点处出现较大的地震变形和应力集中,交叉节点受力状态较为复杂,是管廊系统的薄弱环节。在针对交叉管廊抗震研究方面,梁建文等[16-17]分别利用时程分析法和反应位移法进行了T型交叉管廊的横向抗震分析,并对计算结果进行了对比验证,结果表明反应位移法可以替代时程分析法进行交叉管廊的抗震分析。梁建文等[18]提出了交叉管廊纵向抗震设计的反应位移法,该方法引入周期性地层变形输入,通过分析一个地层变形周期内交叉管廊的变形历程,寻找交叉节点处变形和内力的最不利模式,并利用梁-弹簧模型对T型[18]、井字型[19]交叉管廊进行了纵向抗震分析。随后,考虑到梁-弹簧模型难以反映交叉管廊节点局部变形细节及预制管廊接头预应力作用,李东桥等[20]提出了适用于非对称断面预制交叉管廊抗震设计的壳-弹簧模型,并对T型[20]和十字型[21]交叉管廊进行了纵向抗震分析,结果表明壳-弹簧模型能够反映预制管廊接头的力学行为和交叉节点的局部变形。进一步地,LI等[22]结合梁-弹簧模型和壳-弹簧模型,提出了预制交叉管廊纵向抗震分析的多尺度模型,该模型能够反映预制管廊接头的局部变形细节,同时具有较高的计算效率。此外,LIANG等[23]首次通过大型振动台试验研究了T型预制交叉管廊在水平正交2个方向地震激励下的抗震性能,揭示了T型交叉节点的变形机理。考虑到软硬交互地层条件对地下结构存在不利影响,LI等[24]基于地层周期变形思想,提出了一个简化的地下线长形结构穿越软硬交互地层的纵向抗震设计方法。
然而,以上研究均针对平交管廊,而实际工程中,为满足管廊中各类管线的敷设,干线管廊交叉节点通常设计为整体立交形式,立交节点形式不一,构造更加复杂,地震作用下,其抗震性能可能比平交管廊更为不利。目前关于立交管廊的抗震问题还鲜有研究。
鉴于此,本文以某地下十字立交现浇管廊为例,基于反应位移法基本思想,提出一个适用于立交管廊的抗震设计方法。通过ABAQUS有限元软件建立立交管廊荷载-结构模型,以壳单元模拟管廊结构,土弹簧单元模拟土-管廊之间的相互作用,非线性弹簧单元模拟现浇管廊变形缝的力学行为,研究立交节点各层之间最大相对变形及其发生时刻,并通过时程分析法对本文方法进行验证。相关建模方法可为地下立交管廊的抗震设计提供一定的参考。
横断面反应位移法(response displacement method,RDM)[25]认为地下结构地震响应主要受场地变形控制,考虑到地下结构与场地土之间的刚度差异,采用地基弹簧描述土-结构相互作用,将土层相对变形施加到地基弹簧远端,同时考虑周围土层剪力和结构水平惯性力作用,对地下结构进行内力和变形分析。
考虑到地下双层或多层管廊工程的发展和应用,梁建文等[26]基于横断面反应位移法思想,提出了地下结构纵断面抗震分析的反应位移法,发现双层管廊相对单层管廊更易损。
鉴于此,针对地下十字立交管廊,结合横断面反应位移法[25]和纵断面反应位移法[26],建立地震荷载-结构分析模型,见图1
为方便起见,以图1地震激励方向(X)为参照,定义与地震激励方向一致的管廊为纵向管廊(longitudinal utility tunnel),与地震激励方向垂直的管廊为横向管廊(transverse utility tunnel),纵向管廊和横向管廊交叉部分为立交节点(interchange node)。下面分别介绍立交管廊所受到的地震荷载。
1)横向管廊地震荷载施加过程见图1(b),此处荷载-结构模型与传统横断面反应位移法一致。首先通过一维土层等效线性地震响应计算软件EERA[27]得到自由场地震响应,土体相对变形对结构的作用以相对变形的形式施加在地基弹簧远端;横向管廊沿深度的相对变形为自由场在深度z处相对于结构底部的最大相对变形,由式(1)得到:
式中:uTz)为地震时深度z处地层位移(m);uTzB)为结构底部深度zB处自由场地震响应位移(m);下标T代表横向管廊。
横向管廊沿深度z的惯性力可由式(2)得到:
式中:mTi为结构i单元的质量(kg);üTi为结构i单元在最大相对变形时刻对应的场地加速度(m/s2)。
地基弹簧刚度由式(3)、式(4)得到:
式中:kTn为法向地基弹簧刚度(N/m);K为基床系数(N/m3),根据GB 50267—2019《核电厂抗震设计标准》[28]可取为K = 3GG为土体最大应变幅值对应的地基土剪切模量(Pa),可由EERA计算得到;kTt为切向地基弹簧刚度(N/m);A为单个地基弹簧作用面积。
横向管廊顶板剪力、底板剪力分别由EERA分析所得的自由场对应结构顶底板之间最大相对变形时刻的剪应力与作用面积的乘积得到,侧板剪力τTS由式(5)得到:
式中:τTU为横向管廊顶板剪力(N);τTB为横向管廊底板剪力(N)。
2)纵向管廊地震荷载施加过程见图1(c)[26]。本文地震波自基岩垂直入射,地震激励方向沿纵向管廊,基于一维土层响应规律,同一深度土层变形一致,水平面内无剪切变形和剪应力作用,纵向管廊侧板有土体位移作用,不存在土体剪力作用。纵向管廊顶底板处既有土体位移作用,也有土体剪力τLUτLB作用,与图1(b)的地震荷载施加方式一致,且纵向管廊惯性力、地基弹簧刚度、土体相对位移计算方法和施加与图1(b)的一致。
3)立交节点地震荷载施加过程见图1(d)。以图1(a)中地震激励方向为参照,立交节点惯性力、地基弹簧刚度、相对位移计算方法和施加与图1(b)、(c)一致;立交节点平行于地震激励方向的左、右侧板无剪力作用,与图1(c)一致;立交节点垂直于地震激励方向的正前、后侧板的剪力可由式(6)得到:
式中:τNS为立交节点正前、后侧板剪力(N);τNU为立交节点顶板剪力(N);τNB为立交节点底板剪力(N)。
立交节点与地震激励方向成θ角度倾斜侧板,利用局部坐标系建立地基弹簧并在地基弹簧远端施加地层相对位移,基于有限单元方法,斜侧板剪力τNO可按式(7)计算得到:
式中:τNS为立交节点正前、后侧板剪力(N),由式(6)得到;θ为立交节点斜侧板与地震激励方向所成角度,且θ∈(0,π/2),其中本文θ为45°。
结合应力平衡原理,斜侧板剪力的施加方向可见图1(d)
本文选取某十字立交现浇管廊为研究对象,其结构形式见图2(a)。管廊在立交节点处为上下层十字正交形式,立交节点外形为八棱柱,为了研究立交节点与标准段之间,及标准段与标准段之间的地震响应差异,在立交节点两侧均取为2个现浇标准段长度,每个标准段长度为30 m,变形缝宽度为0.03 m,正交2个管廊的长度均为145.452 m。正交两轴向现浇标准段为相同的双舱形式,标准段横断面总宽度为9250 mm,净高为4000 mm,左右舱净宽均为4000 mm,顶板、底板、左右侧板厚度均为500 mm,中隔板厚度为250 mm,标准段横断面尺寸见图2(b)。管廊结构混凝土强度等级为C60,密度为2600 kg/m3,弹性模量为35.5 GPa,泊松比为0.2;钢筋强度等级为HRB400,密度为7850 kg/m3,弹性模量为200 GPa,泊松比为0.3。
管廊处于总厚度为80 m的水平成层场地中,管廊顶面埋深为3 m,场地土层力学参数见表1。土体动剪切模量和阻尼比、剪应变之间的关系见图3
入射地震波选择该管廊工程的安评波、El Centro波和Taft波,其中,根据管廊工程场地的地震安全评估报告,中震和大震安评波的峰值地面加速度(peak ground acceleration,PGA)分别为0.20、0.38 g,El Centro波和Taft波的峰值地面加速度参照GB 50909—2014《城市轨道交通结构抗震设计规范》[25]均分别为0.20、0.40 g,入射地震波时程见图4
GB/T 51336—2018《地下结构抗震设计标准》[29]中,横断面反应位移法将地层最大相对变形、该时刻的地层剪力和结构惯性力作为等效地震荷载施加在结构上,对地下结构进行地震响应分析。然而,针对地下立交管廊,正交2个管廊埋深不同,立交节点各层之间最大相对变形不在同一时刻发生。此时,若仅以交叉节点顶底板之间最大相对变形进行分析,其结果可能无法涵盖整个结构的最不利工况。
近年来,多层多跨地铁车站结构抗震研究受到关注[30],然而,利用反应位移法对地下多层结构进行抗震分析时,相关研究[31-35]均是以结构顶底板之间最大相对变形作为结构最不利工况,均未考虑地下多层结构中间各层之间最大相对变形等工况。因此,地下多层结构中间各层最大相对变形与最不利工况的关系还不明确。
鉴于此,本文针对地下十字立交现浇管廊,通过EERA计算了不同地震波分别在中震和大震水准下的自由场对应立交节点顶中板之间最大相对变形发生时刻t1、中底板之间最大相对变形发生时刻t2、顶底板之间最大相对变形发生时刻t3,各层之间最大相对变形发生时刻见表2
表2可知,在Taft波中震和大震水准下,自由场对应管廊不同层间最大相对变形发生时刻一致,根据GB/T 51336—2018《地下结构抗震设计标准》[29]可以直接用自由场对应顶底板之间最大相对变形作为最不利工况。然而,在安评波、El Centro波作用下,各层之间最大相对变形发生时刻明显不同,整体结构最不利工况难以确定。因此,有必要对各层之间最大相对变形进行比较分析,以确定整体结构的最不利工况。
为了反映立交节点处的局部变形细节,利用ABAQUS有限元软件建立十字立交现浇管廊壳-弹簧计算模型,采用S4壳单元模拟管廊结构,地基弹簧单元模拟管廊与场地土之间的相互作用。非线性地基弹簧的力-位移关系见图5(a)、(b)[16]。在法向上,土体对结构不存在拉力,故只考虑法向地基弹簧的压缩刚度;切向上管廊与土体之间的切向力超过峰值摩擦力后会产生相对滑移,因此切向地基弹簧需设置屈服位移,由管廊所在土层的属性可得到屈服位移值为0.01 m。knkt分别为法向和切向地基弹簧刚度,结构不同埋深处的地基弹簧刚度可由1.1节的式(3)、式(4)得到。此外,利用非线性压缩弹簧模拟变形缝处复合防水橡胶和混凝土的共同作用,结合现浇管廊变形缝防水构造形式[36]和复合橡胶力学性能试验参数[37],变形缝处非线性压缩弹簧力学行为见图5(c)图5(c)k1为复合橡胶的压缩刚度,k2为混凝土的压缩刚度,x1为复合防水橡胶有效受力时变形缝两侧管段相对变形量,x2为现浇管廊标准段之间的变形缝宽度,本文中k1k2x1x2的取值分别为6.38×106 N/m、1.78×1010 N/m、0.01 m、0.03 m。
采用ABAQUS内嵌的塑性损伤模型模拟混凝土在弹塑性工作状态下的力学行为,采用混凝土塑性损伤模型中定义的损伤因子作为定量表征结构损伤程度的指标。且损伤因子的范围为0~1,其中0代表结构无损伤,1代表结构完全损坏失去承载能力。模型中混凝土弹塑性力学行为关系见图6,可以看到混凝土压应力峰值对应的受压损伤因子为0.20,当受压损伤因子在0.20以下时,认为混凝土未被压碎;而当受拉损伤因子为0.15时,对应的混凝土拉应力为峰值的一半,认为混凝土受拉破坏[38-39]。本文最终有限元模型及弹簧布置见图7
将一维地震反应计算得到的地层相对变形时程、地层剪力时程和结构惯性力时程施加到立交管廊上,可以得到立交管廊的地震响应时程结果,本文称之为时程分析法(time history method,THM)。由此得到管廊在中震作用下轴力、剪力、弯矩峰值,以及大震作用下管廊不同监测位置层间位移角结果。以时程分析法计算结果为基准,引入内力峰值相对误差、最大层间位移角相对误差来判断本文计算方法的精度。
本文计算方法和时程分析法在不同地震波中震作用下的内力峰值结果对比,见表3。需要说明的是,结合图7中的地震激励方向(X方向),地震作用下沿纵向管廊会产生X方向的轴力、YZ平面内的剪力,以及绕Y轴的弯矩,因此沿纵向管廊截面内力为截面合力,取纵向管廊整体长度范围内截面内力峰值进行对比;横向管廊产生环向内力,取图7中T0截面的内力峰值进行对比。由表3可知,本文方法针对横向管廊和纵向管廊截面计算得到的内力峰值结果与时程分析法结果吻合良好,在安评波、El Centro波和Taft波作用下的平均误差分别约为0.52%、1.46%、0.92%,最大误差约为6%。
立交节点(顶中板、中底板、顶底板)、横向管廊标准段(图7中的T1)和纵向管廊标准段(图7中的L1)在大震作用下的层间位移角结果对比,见表4。由表可知,各监测截面在2种方法下的层间位移角结果具有较好的一致性,在安评波、El Centro波和Taft波作用下的平均误差分别约为5.32%、4.48%、4.29%,最大误差为16.61%。
综上,可以看出,本文反应位移法得到的峰值内力和层间变形响应与时程分析法吻合较好,这充分验证了本文反应位移法的计算精度,说明本文方法能够准确计算地下立交管廊在地震作用下的内力和变形响应,实际工程中可以利用本文方法对地下立交管廊进行横向抗震设计。
本文结合横断面反应位移法和纵断面反应位移法,提出了地下立交管廊横向抗震分析的一个反应位移法,并以某地下十字立交现浇管廊为研究对象,通过ABAQUS有限元软件建立了地下立交管廊荷载-结构分析模型,以壳单元模拟管廊结构,土弹簧单元模拟土-管廊之间的相互作用,非线性弹簧单元模拟现浇管廊变形缝的力学行为,讨论了立交管廊各层之间最大相对变形及其发生时刻,并通过时程分析法对本文方法进行了验证。主要得出以下结论:
1)本文反应位移法具有良好的计算精度,能够准确的计算立交管廊在地震作用下的内力和变形响应,工程中可以利用本文方法对均匀场地或水平成层场地下的立交管廊进行横向抗震设计。
2)地下管廊立交节点各层之间最大相对变形不在同一时刻发生,有必要计算各层之间最大相对变形,以确定整体结构最不利工况。若仅考虑结构顶底板之间最大相对变形对立交管廊进行抗震设计,可能无法涵盖整体结构的最不利工况。
需要指出的是,本文方法不局限于十字立交现浇管廊结构的横向抗震分析,也可应用于不同尺寸的T型、L型等交叉形式,尤其是立交形式的地下现浇或预制管廊横向抗震分析。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51978462)
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2025年第45卷第3期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0312
  • 接收时间:2024-05-30
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-06-30
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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-30
  • 修回日期:2024-09-18
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国家自然科学基金项目(51978462)
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    天津大学 建筑工程学院,天津 300350
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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