Article(id=1241791684263084303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0217, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699286400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-07, revisedDate=1705680000000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-20, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773995808901, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1745424000000, pubDateStr=2025-04-24, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773995808901, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773995808901, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773995808901, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241791680479822062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773995807999, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996976041, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796579670163949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796579670163950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=173, endPage=182, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241791684527325468, articleId=1241791684263084303, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Numerical analysis on seismic performance of flexural-shear replaceable energy dissipators at the beam-column joint, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The beam-column joint with replaceable energy dissipators has the advantages of convenient and economical repair after an earthquake. For a bending shear replaceable component with simple structure, easy construction, stable energy consumption capacity, and consistent tensile and compressive mechanical properties, a refined finite element model of flexural-shear replaceable energy dissipators was established. Then, the failure mode, hysteresis curve, skeleton curve and stress distribution state of the component were analyzed. The influence of parameters such as height-width ratio, width-thickness ratio of limb columns for replaceable energy dissipators, and overall slenderness ratio of energy dissipation zone was considered, and the effects on skeleton curves, stiffness and equivalent viscous damping coefficient of energy dissipators were systematically discussed. The analysis results showed that when the height-width ratio of limb columns in energy dissipators was greater than 4.0, the limb columns were prone to buckling behavior, and the recommended threshold value of the height-width ratio is 1.3~4.0. Increasing the width-thickness ratio of the energy dissipators decreases the initial stiffness and bearing capacity of the specimen, and it was recommended that the width-thickness ratio of limb columns should be no more than 2.5. When the slenderness ratio of the energy dissipation zone was large, its out-of-plane stability and energy dissipation capacity would be weakened, it is suggested the slenderness ratio of the energy dissipation zone not exceed 48. When height-width ratio of limb columns were less than 1.0 and greater than 2.5, the error between the theoretical prediction and the finite element calculation of the yield strength for flexural-shear replaceable energy dissipators was large, the latter was about 35% and 32% higher than the former respectively, so further research on the theoretical strength prediction model is needed to improve its prediction accuracy. The research results can provide reference for the seismic design of the flexural-shear energy dissipators.

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带可更换耗能件的梁柱节点具有震后修复方便、经济等优势,针对一种构造简单、施工方便,耗能能力稳定和拉压力学性能一致的弯剪型可更换耗能件,建立了该类耗能件的精细化有限元模型,分析了其破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线以及应力分布状态,考虑可更换耗能件肢柱高宽比、宽厚比以及耗能区整体长细比等参数影响,系统探讨了其对耗能件骨架曲线、刚度以及等效黏滞阻尼系数等的影响规律。结果表明:当耗能件肢柱高宽比大于4.0时,肢柱易产生屈曲行为,建议肢柱高宽比阈值为1.3~4.0;随着耗能肢柱宽厚比的增加,试件的初始刚度和承载力均呈现降低趋势,建议肢柱宽厚比不宜大于2.5;当耗能区长细比较大时,其面外稳定性降低,耗能能力减弱,建议削弱区长细比不超过48;当肢柱高宽比小于1.0、大于2.5时,弯剪型耗能件屈服强度理论预测值与有限元计算值误差较大,后者分别比前者高约35%和32%,需对理论强度预测模型进一步研究,以提高其预测精度。研究成果可为该类弯剪型耗能件抗震设计提供参考。

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梁刚(1987—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事新型材料研发与结构抗震性能的研究。E-mail:

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梁刚(1987—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事新型材料研发与结构抗震性能的研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Finite element analysis of mechanical property of Q690 high strength steel T-stub joints, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802944975278891, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791684263084303, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=4, pageStart=378, pageEnd=391, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=37, authorNames=王威, 仲凯, 徐善文, journalName=北京工业大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王威,仲凯,徐善文,. 轴向拉压波形钢板阻尼器的力学性能[J]. 北京工业大学学报, 2022, 48(4): 378-391., articleTitle=轴向拉压波形钢板阻尼器的力学性能, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802945105302330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791684263084303, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=48, issue=4, pageStart=378, pageEnd=391, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[22], rfOrder=38, authorNames=WANG Wei, ZHONG Kai, XU Shanwen, journalName=Journal of Beijing University of Technology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Wei, ZHONG Kai, XU Shanwen, et al. Mechanical properties of the axial tension and compression corrugated steel plate damper[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 2022, 48(4): 378-391. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Mechanical properties of the axial tension and compression corrugated steel plate damper, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802945252102985, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791684263084303, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=15, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=39, authorNames=姜子钦, 杨晓峰, 张爱林, journalName=建筑结构学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=姜子钦,杨晓峰,张爱林,. 可恢复功能装配式中柱节点耗能装置试验研究[J]. 建筑结构学报, 2020, 41(1): 15-23., articleTitle=可恢复功能装配式中柱节点耗能装置试验研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802945382126425, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791684263084303, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=41, issue=1, pageStart=15, pageEnd=23, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[23], rfOrder=40, authorNames=JIANG Ziqin, YANG Xiaofeng, ZHANG Ailin, journalName=Journal of Building Structures, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JIANG Ziqin, YANG Xiaofeng, ZHANG Ailin, et al. Experimental study on energy consuming devices for earthquake-resilient prefabricated cross joints[J]. Journal of Building Structures, 2020, 41(1): 15-23. 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Design parameters of specimens

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试件n/个t/mmB/mmHT/mmHT/BH′/BB/t
DS1101015503.332.271.50
DS210815503.332.271.88
DS3121010505.003.401.00
DS461015503.332.271.50
DS5101015553.672.581.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241802935563259956, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791684263084303, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试件设计参数

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试件n/个t/mmB/mmHT/mmHT/BH′/BB/t
DS1101015503.332.271.50
DS210815503.332.271.88
DS3121010505.003.401.00
DS461015503.332.271.50
DS5101015553.672.581.50
), ArticleFig(id=1241802935722643525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791684263084303, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Comparison between finite element results and experimental results

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试件K0,EXP/(kN/mm)Fmax,EXP/kNK0,FEM/(kN/mm)Fmax,FEM/kNK0,FEM/K0,EXPFmax,FEM/Fmax,EXP
DS1200.93151.50218.74147.451.080.97
DS2158.10111.00172.85109.921.090.99
DS3142.5381.50150.9386.681.061.06
DS4158.0287.00169.9287.471.071.01
DS5174.49130.50189.88129.371.090.99
), ArticleFig(id=1241802935810723921, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791684263084303, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

有限元与试验结果对比

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试件K0,EXP/(kN/mm)Fmax,EXP/kNK0,FEM/(kN/mm)Fmax,FEM/kNK0,FEM/K0,EXPFmax,FEM/Fmax,EXP
DS1200.93151.50218.74147.451.080.97
DS2158.10111.00172.85109.921.090.99
DS3142.5381.50150.9386.681.061.06
DS4158.0287.00169.9287.471.071.01
DS5174.49130.50189.88129.371.090.99
), ArticleFig(id=1241802935932358752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791684263084303, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Main parameters and analysis results of ETA series specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件n/个t/mmB/mmHT/mmH′/mmH′/BB/tK0/(kN/mm)Δy/mmFy/kNFy/Q
ETA-11210104025.002.501.00212.290.4494.311.37
ETA-21210104529.442.941.00176.120.4578.421.34
ETA-31210105538.643.861.00107.120.5457.611.29
ETA-41210106043.334.331.0091.550.5651.371.29
ETA-5810203016.670.832.00504.490.48238.821.35
ETA-6810204025.001.252.00407.370.47195.761.11
ETA-7810205538.641.932.00263.610.52137.221.16
ETA-8810205034.001.702.00286.660.55158.011.17
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ETA系列试件主要参数及分析结果

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ETA-21210104529.442.941.00176.120.4578.421.34
ETA-31210105538.643.861.00107.120.5457.611.29
ETA-41210106043.334.331.0091.550.5651.371.29
ETA-5810203016.670.832.00504.490.48238.821.35
ETA-6810204025.001.252.00407.370.47195.761.11
ETA-7810205538.641.932.00263.610.52137.221.16
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Parameters and analysis results of the ETW series models

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ETW-1812205034.001.701.67328.550.58190.631.16
ETW-2810205034.001.702.00286.660.55158.011.17
ETW-388205034.001.702.50230.560.54124.301.06
ETW-486205034.001.703.67188.560.5092.680.87
ETW-584205034.001.705.00142.690.4362.651.16
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ETW-2810205034.001.702.00286.660.55158.011.17
ETW-388205034.001.702.50230.560.54124.301.06
ETW-486205034.001.703.67188.560.5092.680.87
ETW-584205034.001.705.00142.690.4362.651.16
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Parameters and analysis results of the ETN series models

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ETN-11433010332.271.50266.130.56149.171.12
ETN-21636010362.271.50284.580.61171.931.13
ETN-31839010392.271.50309.800.64193.871.14
ETN-42042010422.271.50325.830.67216.591.14
ETN-52245010452.271.50329.850.72235.571.13
ETN-62448010482.271.50331.730.81268.171.18
ETN-73060010602.271.50336.100.82272.780.96
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ETN系列模型参数及分析结果

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试件n/个L0t/mmλH′/BB/tK0/(kN/mm)Δu/mmFy/kNFy/Q
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ETN-21636010362.271.50284.580.61171.931.13
ETN-31839010392.271.50309.800.64193.871.14
ETN-42042010422.271.50325.830.67216.591.14
ETN-52245010452.271.50329.850.72235.571.13
ETN-62448010482.271.50331.730.81268.171.18
ETN-73060010602.271.50336.100.82272.780.96
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梁柱节点弯剪型可更换耗能件抗震性能数值分析
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梁刚 1, 2 , 陈江 2 , 李淑敏 2 , 卢俊龙 1, 2
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(2): 173-182
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(2): 173-182
梁柱节点弯剪型可更换耗能件抗震性能数值分析
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梁刚1, 2 , 陈江2, 李淑敏2, 卢俊龙1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.西安理工大学 旱区水工程生态环境全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710048
  • 2.西安理工大学 土木建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
  • 梁刚(1987—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事新型材料研发与结构抗震性能的研究。E-mail:

Numerical analysis on seismic performance of flexural-shear replaceable energy dissipators at the beam-column joint
Gang LIANG1, 2 , Jiang CHEN2, Shumin LI2, Junlong LU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.State Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Ecology and Environment in Arid Area, Xi’an University of Technology), Xi’an 710048, China
  • 2.School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
出版时间: 2025-04-24 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0217
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带可更换耗能件的梁柱节点具有震后修复方便、经济等优势,针对一种构造简单、施工方便,耗能能力稳定和拉压力学性能一致的弯剪型可更换耗能件,建立了该类耗能件的精细化有限元模型,分析了其破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线以及应力分布状态,考虑可更换耗能件肢柱高宽比、宽厚比以及耗能区整体长细比等参数影响,系统探讨了其对耗能件骨架曲线、刚度以及等效黏滞阻尼系数等的影响规律。结果表明:当耗能件肢柱高宽比大于4.0时,肢柱易产生屈曲行为,建议肢柱高宽比阈值为1.3~4.0;随着耗能肢柱宽厚比的增加,试件的初始刚度和承载力均呈现降低趋势,建议肢柱宽厚比不宜大于2.5;当耗能区长细比较大时,其面外稳定性降低,耗能能力减弱,建议削弱区长细比不超过48;当肢柱高宽比小于1.0、大于2.5时,弯剪型耗能件屈服强度理论预测值与有限元计算值误差较大,后者分别比前者高约35%和32%,需对理论强度预测模型进一步研究,以提高其预测精度。研究成果可为该类弯剪型耗能件抗震设计提供参考。

带缝钢板阻尼器  /  有限元分析  /  滞回行为  /  高宽比  /  宽厚比

The beam-column joint with replaceable energy dissipators has the advantages of convenient and economical repair after an earthquake. For a bending shear replaceable component with simple structure, easy construction, stable energy consumption capacity, and consistent tensile and compressive mechanical properties, a refined finite element model of flexural-shear replaceable energy dissipators was established. Then, the failure mode, hysteresis curve, skeleton curve and stress distribution state of the component were analyzed. The influence of parameters such as height-width ratio, width-thickness ratio of limb columns for replaceable energy dissipators, and overall slenderness ratio of energy dissipation zone was considered, and the effects on skeleton curves, stiffness and equivalent viscous damping coefficient of energy dissipators were systematically discussed. The analysis results showed that when the height-width ratio of limb columns in energy dissipators was greater than 4.0, the limb columns were prone to buckling behavior, and the recommended threshold value of the height-width ratio is 1.3~4.0. Increasing the width-thickness ratio of the energy dissipators decreases the initial stiffness and bearing capacity of the specimen, and it was recommended that the width-thickness ratio of limb columns should be no more than 2.5. When the slenderness ratio of the energy dissipation zone was large, its out-of-plane stability and energy dissipation capacity would be weakened, it is suggested the slenderness ratio of the energy dissipation zone not exceed 48. When height-width ratio of limb columns were less than 1.0 and greater than 2.5, the error between the theoretical prediction and the finite element calculation of the yield strength for flexural-shear replaceable energy dissipators was large, the latter was about 35% and 32% higher than the former respectively, so further research on the theoretical strength prediction model is needed to improve its prediction accuracy. The research results can provide reference for the seismic design of the flexural-shear energy dissipators.

slotted steel plate damper  /  finite element analysis  /  hysteretic behavior  /  height-width ratio  /  width-thickness ratio
梁刚, 陈江, 李淑敏, 卢俊龙. 梁柱节点弯剪型可更换耗能件抗震性能数值分析. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (2) : 173 -182 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0217
Gang LIANG, Jiang CHEN, Shumin LI, Junlong LU. Numerical analysis on seismic performance of flexural-shear replaceable energy dissipators at the beam-column joint[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (2) : 173 -182 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0217
通过对梁柱栓焊节点震害调查表明,与梁柱节点高承载性相比,节点通常难以提供足够的转动和延性能力,震后一般需要被修复或更换。因传统节点存在震后难以修复,国内外学者提出了各种金属阻尼器,并基于损伤控制理论,将地震作用下梁柱节点损伤集中在金属阻尼器上[1-3],实现结构震后功能快速恢复。
金属阻尼器被认为是一种有效且可靠的能量耗散装置,肖林发等[4]提出了一种新型防屈曲-分阶段耗能剪切型阻尼器,分析了防屈曲耗能件截面形状、材料类型及与固定架的连接方式等对阻尼器抗震性能的影响规律,发现新型阻尼器剪切腹板的最大面外位移比传统阻尼器降低了1/4,前者具有良好的耗能能力。方有珍等[5]提出了一种部分填充钢-混凝土组合(partially encased concrete,PEC)柱-钢梁梁柱摩擦耗能装置,通过试验发现在弹性阶段辅助摩擦件耗散地震能量,屈服后通过辅助摩擦耗能件和结构构件损伤联合耗散地震能量。姜子钦等[6]对一种翼缘盖板外置型可恢复功能装配式框架进行了低周循环试验,结果表明,经过多次修复且带残余变形的钢框架极限荷载较原框架仅降低约0.1%,具有良好的抵御余震能力。王萌等[7]通过非线性全接触有限元模型,分析了不同材料连接件对梁柱节点承载性能、滞回行为、累积塑性应变以及耗能能力的影响规律,发现当节点转角达到0.045 rad时,低屈服点钢连接件最大伸长率远小于其极限强度对应的应变,仍具有较高的塑性变形储备。刁延松等[8]通过试验发现破坏后的梁柱节点经过修复后,可恢复其抗震能力。李万润等[9]分析了新型可更换弧形耗能板半径、厚度以及耗能板构造等参数对梁柱节点受力性能的影响规律。FENG等[10]探讨了形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)阻尼器、SMA环等组件的低周疲劳性能,发现该类梁柱节点滞回曲线呈典型的“旗帜型”,具有良好的耗能能力和自复位能力。LEE等[11]发现弱轴翼缘削弱式梁柱节点域塑性转角超过规范限值0.04 rad,具有良好的延性性能。CALADO等[12]认为在地震作用下,可修复组合梁连接保险丝装置能够实现梁柱节点集中损伤的目的。通过对金属阻尼器进行抗震性能研究,得到不同构造参数对阻尼器或节点耗能能力等的影响规律,为发展相应理论模型或设计方法提供了重要参考。
开缝钢板金属阻尼器因构造简单、连接方便等优势,通常用于支撑、柱脚、剪力墙以及梁柱节点中耗散地震能量。孙筱玮等[13]为避免中心支撑的支撑杆在地震作用下失稳,提出了一种腹板开孔屈服耗能支撑,采用ABAQUS软件分析了不同设计参数对其滞回性能、刚度和承载力的影响规律,提出了初始刚度和屈服承载力计算模型。谢鲁齐等[14]提出了一种位于梁柱连接部位的可更换耗能组件,其核心耗能部件由Q235B钢板通过线切割技术切割而成,开孔板在轴向拉、压循环加载作用下形成饱满的滞回环而耗散地震能量,分析表明,该类耗能件具有优良的延性和低周疲劳性能。章锦洋等[15]提出了一种可更换耗能组件的装配式混凝土柱脚,研究了核心耗能钢板厚度等参数对节点滞回性能的影响规律。刘如月等[16]将带缝钢板阻尼器装配于钢筋混凝土剪力墙底部,用以耗散地震能量,提高剪力墙的震后可恢复性。试验发现,将损伤钢制连接件更换后,其耗能能力可达到现浇剪力墙总耗能的4.55倍。ROUSTA等[17]根据开缝钢板地震能量耗散原理,设计了一种与水平荷载相垂直的钢板弯曲屈服型能量耗散系统,系统研究了该类能量耗散系统构造细节对其抗震参数的影响规律,并给出了相应的设计方法。PARK等[18]利用在T型件腹板缝间形成的多组耗能肢柱来耗散地震能量,具有耗能能力可靠,拉、压方向力学性能一致等优势。梁刚等[19]提出了一种含弯剪型可更换组件的高强钢梁柱节点,根据耗能件在梁柱节点中的工作原理以及各组件间的相互关系,对弯剪型可更换耗能件简化模型进行了循环加载试验,探讨了不同设计参数对弯剪型耗能件抗震性能的影响规律。然而,试验所涉及的研究参数较少,缺乏系统的基于设计需求的量化分析结果,尚未形成统一的设计理论。
含弯剪型可更换组件的高强钢梁柱节点的核心部件为弯剪型可更换耗能件(见文献[19]),其与梁柱节点中传统开缝耗能钢板的主要区别及创新性在于受力、耗能稳定性等方面,传统开缝耗能钢板主要承受梁上下翼缘传递的拉压力而屈服耗能,当开缝钢板受压时容易发生屈曲变形,影响其耗能稳定性,弯剪型耗能器将梁翼缘传递来的拉压力转化为耗能肢柱的弯剪作用而屈服耗能,拉压力学性能一致。主要优势为构造组成相对简单,简化了施工过程,弯剪型耗能器可利用梁翼缘的支撑作用防止耗能肢柱发生面外屈曲,传统开缝钢板一般需要额外设置防屈曲装置,导致部分节点的构造组成相对复杂。采用通用有限元程序ABAQUS,建立了弯剪型可更换组件的简化数值模型,基于试验结果验证了数值模型的准确性和适用性。探讨了可更换耗能件肢柱高宽比、宽厚比以及耗能区整体长细比等参数,对耗能件骨架曲线、刚度以及等效黏滞阻尼系数等的影响规律,提出了弯剪型可更换组件性能转化阈值,研究成果可为弯剪型耗能组件抗震性能设计提供一定参考。
图1(a)给出了弯剪型耗能件的构造形式和整体尺寸,在ABAQUS软件中弯剪型耗能件采用八节点减缩积分单元(C3D8R)模拟,并沿耗能件厚度方向划分了4层网格。由于耗能板开孔部分不规则,难以运用结构网格划分,故采用扫掠和中性轴算法进行划分。为使模拟结果更加精确且计算成本更低,对耗能肢柱区域局部加密,网格大小为5 mm,划分结果如图1(b)所示。
采用“tie”约束模拟加劲肋、传力组件与主体构件间的焊接连接,如图1(b)所示。因MTS夹持垫块与耗能板、16 mm厚支撑板与MTS两端夹持区域间均无滑移产生,采用绑定约束以简化分析。此外,为模拟支撑板与耗能肢柱间的相互支撑和滑移关系,支撑板与耗能肢柱区域采用面面接触形式模拟,接触面切线方向设置库仑摩擦,摩擦系数取为0.3,法向设置为硬接触。
模型边界条件与典型试验设置一致,如图1(c)所示。RP2端完全固定,RP1端用以施加U1(x)方向的循环位移,RP1和RP2均与端部截面采用运动耦合约束。
文献[19]对5个Q235B钢材弯剪型可更换耗能件进行了循环加载试验,试件详细尺寸如表1所示。有限元模型中,材料的弹塑性行为采用双线性强化模型模拟,如图2所示。应力-应变关键点数值取自钢材真实应力-应变曲线[20-21],泊松比为0.3。采用Mises屈服准则来描述材料的弹塑性行为,屈服后以相关流动准则及随动强化准则来预测,加载制度与文献[19]相同。
图3对比分析了有限元模型与试验试件滞回曲线。由图可知,在试件承载力出现退化现象之前,有限元计算的滞回曲线与试验曲线吻合良好,但有限元计算曲线较饱满,即二者滞回环的面积不同;在试件承载力出现退化现象之后,有限元计算的滞回曲线并未出现下降阶段。试验和有限元计算结果存在上述差异现象的主要原因是:①有限元模型未考虑焊接残余应力、几何初始缺陷等的影响,并且各部件间的装配情况较试验理想;②采用双线性应变强化模型来模拟材料的弹塑性应力-应变行为(图2),在小应变情况下耗能件荷载-位移曲线难以出现下降段,而且相关研究表明,数值模型在大应变情况下的计算结果存在一定失真现象,因此本文仅研究材料强度退化前的力学行为;③数值模型中未考虑由于低周循环加载而引起的材料疲劳损伤断裂效应,即在模型计算过程中程序无法判断由于材料某点断裂而引起的强度损失量;④弯剪型耗能件除因整体长细比较大,发生整体屈曲外,数值模型中耗能肢柱的局部屈曲几乎被完全限制,因此一般情况下组件不会因局部屈曲而使其整体承载力出现退化现象。综上可知,在弯剪型耗能件出现强度退化前,有限元模型可较好地模拟试件的滞回行为,可用于后续各参数影响下的荷载-位移特征分析。
表2给出了有限元与试验结果对比(计算方法参见文献[19]),图4对比分析了试验和有限元计算的骨架曲线。结合图4表2可知,整个加载过程中计算曲线与试验曲线较接近,试验与有限元计算的试件初始刚度和承载力误差均在10%以内,后者初始刚度值略高于前者,这是由于模拟时支撑板与耗能板件紧密接触,而试验过程中由于加工误差,支撑板与耗能板件之间不能完全贴合,存在微小间隙。此外,有限元计算的试件破坏形态与试验结果基本相同,加载过程中耗能肢柱首先进入屈服状态,肢柱两端应力水平较高,最终达到极限承载能力而破坏。因此,有限元计算的弯剪型耗能件初始刚度与极限承载力等指标与试验结果具有一致性,可用于后续相关力学指标分析。
图5给出了各级荷载作用下典型试件DS1的应力分布规律。由图可知,加载初期,试件DS1处于弹性阶段,耗能肢柱应力较大且分布较均匀。随着荷载增大,耗能肢柱两端区域应力明显上升,如图5(b)所示,应力值达到甚至超过钢材屈服强度fy =286.75 MPa,均已进入塑性工作阶段。此外,由图5(b)可知,所有肢柱应力状态基本一致,说明该类耗能件肢柱间协同变形性能较好。由图5(c)可知,在往复荷载作用下,由于应力循环效应的影响,试件最终在靠近耗能肢柱端部(应力较大区域)处发生断裂破坏。
为进一步探讨主要构造参数对耗能件滞回行为的影响规律,补充设计了20个耗能件数值模型,模型ETA系列主要研究耗能肢柱高宽比的影响,ETW系列研究耗能肢柱宽厚比的影响,ETN系列研究耗能区长细比的影响,给出耗能肢柱相关参数的阈值,以期为耗能件抗震设计提供参考。
表3给出了ETA系列试件主要参数,以研究耗能肢柱高宽比对整个耗能件的影响。耗能件的屈服强度Q[18]
式中:Btn分别为肢柱宽度、厚度及数量;H′为肢柱等效高度(计算方法详见表1);fy为材料屈服强度;系数2/3考虑了应力不均匀的影响,当矩形截面高度大于宽度时,剪应力沿横截面宽度保持不变,平均剪应力与最大剪应力的关系为2/3。当耗能件受到轴向平面内力时,肢柱同时承受弯矩和剪力的联合作用,式(1)第1项和第2项分别为弯曲和剪切强度,若令两者相等,此时高度与宽度的比值(高宽比H′/B)关系约为1.3,可知当肢柱高宽比大于1.3时,耗能件属于弯曲屈服型;当肢柱高宽比小于1.3时,耗能件属于剪切屈服型。
表3可知,当高宽比过大或过小时,式(1)预测的弯剪型耗能件承载力精度下降,如当试件的高宽比为0.83时,有限元计算的屈服承载力比式(1)预测值高约35%;当试件的高宽比大于2.50时,有限元计算值比式(1)预测值平均高约32%,两者误差均较大。主要原因为式(1)未考虑循环荷载引起的应变强化效应影响,高宽比过大时该效应不可忽略;当高宽比过小时剪应力沿截面不均匀程度增大,两者均导致式(1)的预测精度下降,需对其表达式进行进一步研究,以提高其预测精度。
图6给出了不同高宽比(H′/B)下,耗能件荷载-位移骨架曲线、刚度退化以及等效黏滞阻尼系数变化规律。由图可知,耗能件荷载-位移骨架曲线基本呈Z型,主要原因为有限元模型未考虑材料损伤断裂等因素的影响,随着肢柱高宽比增加,曲线相对越低,耗能件初始刚度和承载力均呈现下降趋势。如当肢柱高宽比由2.5增加到2.94时,后者初始刚度和承载力分别降低了17.04%、16.85%;当肢柱高宽比由2.94增加到3.86和4.33时,其初始刚度和承载力分别降低了39.18%、48.01%和26.54%、34.49%,随着肢柱高宽比的增加,试件初始刚度降低显著,主要原因为高宽比较大时,肢柱的弯曲变形较明显。由图6(c)可知,最大等效黏滞阻尼系数随着肢柱高宽比的增加而增加,但当高宽比大于3时出现降低趋势,当高宽比大于4时,等效黏滞阻尼系数处于较低水平。由此可见,梁柱节点抗震性能与耗能件滞回性能密切相关,为使节点具有良好的承载性能和耗能性能,建议肢柱高宽比阈值为1.3~4.0。
表4给出了ETW系列模型参数,图7给出了耗能肢柱宽厚比对试件骨架曲线及初始刚度的影响规律。结合图7表4可知,宽厚比(B/t)对耗能件力学性能影响较大,承载力随着肢柱宽厚比的增大而减小,主要原因为宽厚比增大,试件承担荷载的有效截面面积减小。此外,试件的屈服承载力有限元计算值与式(1)预测值之比的平均比值为1.08,式(1)预测值偏于保守,预测精度在可接受范围内,说明当试件的高宽比为1.70,宽厚比为1.67~5.00时,式(1)具有较好的适用性。当肢柱宽厚比由1.67增加到2.00和2.50时,后者初始刚度和承载力分别降低了12.75%、17.11%和29.82%、34.80%;当肢柱宽厚比由2.50增加到3.67和5.00时,其初始刚度和承载力分别降低了18.65%、25.44%和38.11%、49.60%,降低幅度接近一半。综上,当肢柱高宽比不变时,随着肢柱宽厚比的增加,试件的承载力显著降低,主要原因为宽厚比取值过大时,增加了耗能肢柱面外变形的趋势,因此应合理控制肢柱宽厚比,为使耗能件具有较高的承载能力,建议宽厚比B/t不宜大于2.50。
保持其他参数不变,通过改变耗能肢柱数量实现耗能区长细比的变化。耗能区长细比(λ =L0/t,其中L0表示耗能区长度;t表示耗能板厚度,t =10 mm)依次选取33、36、39、42、45、48、60,随着肢柱数量的增多,试件抵抗变形的能力逐渐增强,使其初始刚度及承载力均增大,有限元设计参数及计算结果如表5所示。由表可知,当耗能区长细比λ ≤ 48时,有限元计算的试件屈服承载力比式(1)预测值高约12%~18%,预测精度在可接受范围内;当λ = 60时,由于弯剪型耗能件出现整体面外失稳现象,导致其有限元计算的承载力偏低。图8给出了耗能件长细比对其骨架曲线和耗能能力的影响规律,结合表5图8可知,当λ由36增加到42时,后者初始刚度和承载力分别增加了14.50%、25.98%;当长细比由42增加到48和60时,其初始刚度和承载力分别增加1.81%、3.15%和23.81%、25.94%,说明增加肢柱数量对试件的承载力的影响显著,且随着肢柱数量的增加,试件的承载力增幅减小,主要原因为随着试件整体长度的增加,耗能肢柱在弯剪变形的同时产生了面外整体失稳趋势;当λ =60时,由于耗能件发生整体失稳,如图8(b)所示,试件的能量耗散能力降低。因此,为保证试件具有较高的能量耗散,建议耗能件长细比不宜超过48。
1)当肢柱高宽比大于1.3时,耗能肢柱以弯曲变形为主,为弯曲型耗能件;当肢柱高宽比小于1.3时,耗能肢柱以剪切变形为主,为剪切型耗能件。当耗能件肢柱高宽比大于4.0时,肢柱易产生屈曲行为,承载力处于较低水平,为使耗能件具有较高的承载力和耗能能力,建议肢柱高宽比阈值为1.3~4.0。
2)随着耗能肢柱宽厚比的增加,试件的初始刚度和承载力均呈现降低趋势。鉴于此,为保证耗能件的承载性能,建议肢柱宽厚比不宜大于2.5。
3)肢柱数量增加导致耗能区域长度增大,试件耗能区域长细比增大,在一定范围内可提高耗能件的刚度与承载力,但当长细比较大时,其面外稳定性降低,耗能能力减弱,建议耗能件削弱区长细比不宜超过48。
4)当肢柱高宽比小于1.0或大于2.5时,弯剪型耗能件屈服强度理论预测值与有限元计算值误差较大,后者分别比前者高约35%和32%,此时需要考虑循环荷载作用下材料的应变强化效应及剪应力不均匀程度等因素影响,以提高其预测精度;在其他情况下,耗能件理论强度模型的预测精度均在可接受范围内。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52379133)
  • 中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M712562)
  • 陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2020JQ-628; 2023-JC-YB-309)
  • 陕西省教育厅项目(21JK0795)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0217
  • 接收时间:2023-11-07
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-04-24
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-07
  • 修回日期:2024-01-20
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52379133)
中国博士后科学基金项目(2022M712562)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2020JQ-628; 2023-JC-YB-309)
陕西省教育厅项目(21JK0795)
作者信息
    1.西安理工大学 旱区水工程生态环境全国重点实验室,陕西 西安 710048
    2.西安理工大学 土木建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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