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Article(id=1241791687706607986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0215, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1714924800000, receivedDateStr=2024-05-06, revisedDate=1719331200000, revisedDateStr=2024-06-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773995809723, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1745424000000, pubDateStr=2025-04-24, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773995809723, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773995809723, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773995809723, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241791680479822062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773995807999, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996976041, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796579670163949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796579670163950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=155, endPage=163, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241791687987626372, articleId=1241791687706607986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Analysis of internal force and deformation concentration effects in dumbbell-shaped walls of masonry structures, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Based on the actual damage and the mechanical characteristics of the component, a dumbbell-shaped component is proposed by dividing the wall units along the midline of the span. To verify the phenomenon of internal force and deformation concentration during the loading process of dumbbell-shaped components, quasi-static tests of rectangular and dumbbell-shaped components with equal initial stiffness were designed. Wall shear strains and relative displacements at different positions were tested. The analysis results show that the dumbbell-shaped components undergo shear failure first, with damage concentrated between windows, causing the floor to collapse vertically along the side of the dumbbell-shaped component. Shear strains on the cross-section of dumbbell-shaped components are significantly higher than those of rectangular components, and the strain ratio gradually increases with displacement. Relative displacements on the upper and lower sides of the wall between windows indicate that as the loading displacement increases, the ratio of the upper wall to the wall between windows gradually decreases, while the displacement ratio between the wall between windows and the lower wall gradually increases. Both strain and displacement indicate that during the deformation process, internal forces and deformations gradually concentrate towards the wall between windows. Based on the analysis results, the collapse mechanisms of masonry structures and masonry-frame hybrid structures are discussed.

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基于实际震害与构件受力特征，提出以开间中线划分墙体单元，形成哑铃形构件。为验证哑铃形构件在受力过程中存在内力和变形集中现象，设计了等初始刚度的矩形和哑铃形构件拟静力试验，测试墙体剪应变和关键位置的相对位移。研究结果表明：哑铃形构件率先发生剪切破坏，破坏集中于窗间墙，楼板沿哑铃形构件一端垂直塌落。哑铃形构件截面剪应变明显高于矩形构件，且随着位移的增大，应变比值逐渐增大。窗间墙上下侧的相对位移显示，随着加载位移增大，窗上墙与窗间墙的位移比值逐渐减小，而窗间墙和窗下墙的位移比值逐渐增大。应变和位移数据均表明，哑铃形构件在变形过程中，内力和变形均逐渐向窗间墙集中。基于分析结果，对砌体结构和框架-砌体混杂式结构的破坏倒塌机制展开讨论。

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郭迅（1966—），男，研究员，博士，主要从事结构抗震和结构损伤诊断研究。E-mail：
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罗若帆（1988—），男，讲师，博士，主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail：

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罗若帆（1988—），男，讲师，博士，主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail：

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罗若帆（1988—），男，讲师，博士，主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail：

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Numerical simulation of components and structures with different characteristics based on macro elements, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802949568041065, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791687706607986, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=29, authorNames=宋朕, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=宋朕. 白鹿中学“最牛教学楼”抗震能力研究[D]. 哈尔滨：中国地震局工程力学研究所，2012., articleTitle=白鹿中学“最牛教学楼”抗震能力研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802949664510073, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791687706607986, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2012, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[16], rfOrder=30, authorNames=SONG Zhen, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SONG Zhen. Study on seismic capacity of ‘the strongest teaching building in Wenchuan earthquake’[D]. Harbin: Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, 2012. 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砌体结构中哑铃形墙体内力及变形集中效应分析
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罗若帆 1, 2 , 郭迅 2, 3 , 董孝曜 2 , 武继皎 3 , 阿拉塔 4
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(2): 155-163
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(2): 155-163
砌体结构中哑铃形墙体内力及变形集中效应分析
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罗若帆1, 2 , 郭迅2, 3 , 董孝曜2, 武继皎3, 阿拉塔4
作者信息
  • 1.嘉应学院 土木工程学院，广东 梅州 514015
  • 2.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 3.防灾科技学院 中国地震局建筑物破坏机理与防御重点实验室，河北 三河 065201
  • 4.云南省地震局，云南 昆明 650041

    • 罗若帆（1988—），男，讲师，博士，主要从事结构抗震研究。E-mail：

通讯作者:

郭迅（1966—），男，研究员，博士，主要从事结构抗震和结构损伤诊断研究。E-mail：
Analysis of internal force and deformation concentration effects in dumbbell-shaped walls of masonry structures
Ruofan LUO1, 2 , Xun GUO2, 3 , Xiaoyao DONG2, Jijiao WU3, A Lata4
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Jiaying University, Meizhou 514015, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
  • 3.Institute of Disaster Prevention, Key Laboratory of Building Failure Mechanism and Disaster Prevention, China Earthquake Administration, Sanhe 065201, China
  • 4.Yunnan Earthquake Agency, Kunming 650041, China
出版时间: 2025-04-24 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0215
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摘要
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基于实际震害与构件受力特征，提出以开间中线划分墙体单元，形成哑铃形构件。为验证哑铃形构件在受力过程中存在内力和变形集中现象，设计了等初始刚度的矩形和哑铃形构件拟静力试验，测试墙体剪应变和关键位置的相对位移。研究结果表明：哑铃形构件率先发生剪切破坏，破坏集中于窗间墙，楼板沿哑铃形构件一端垂直塌落。哑铃形构件截面剪应变明显高于矩形构件，且随着位移的增大，应变比值逐渐增大。窗间墙上下侧的相对位移显示，随着加载位移增大，窗上墙与窗间墙的位移比值逐渐减小，而窗间墙和窗下墙的位移比值逐渐增大。应变和位移数据均表明，哑铃形构件在变形过程中，内力和变形均逐渐向窗间墙集中。基于分析结果，对砌体结构和框架-砌体混杂式结构的破坏倒塌机制展开讨论。

砌体结构  /  哑铃形构件  /  内力及变形集中  /  混杂式结构  /  倒塌机制

Based on the actual damage and the mechanical characteristics of the component, a dumbbell-shaped component is proposed by dividing the wall units along the midline of the span. To verify the phenomenon of internal force and deformation concentration during the loading process of dumbbell-shaped components, quasi-static tests of rectangular and dumbbell-shaped components with equal initial stiffness were designed. Wall shear strains and relative displacements at different positions were tested. The analysis results show that the dumbbell-shaped components undergo shear failure first, with damage concentrated between windows, causing the floor to collapse vertically along the side of the dumbbell-shaped component. Shear strains on the cross-section of dumbbell-shaped components are significantly higher than those of rectangular components, and the strain ratio gradually increases with displacement. Relative displacements on the upper and lower sides of the wall between windows indicate that as the loading displacement increases, the ratio of the upper wall to the wall between windows gradually decreases, while the displacement ratio between the wall between windows and the lower wall gradually increases. Both strain and displacement indicate that during the deformation process, internal forces and deformations gradually concentrate towards the wall between windows. Based on the analysis results, the collapse mechanisms of masonry structures and masonry-frame hybrid structures are discussed.

masonry structures  /  dumbbell-shaped component  /  internal force and deformation concentration  /  masonry-frame hybrid structures  /  collapse mechanism
罗若帆, 郭迅, 董孝曜, 武继皎, 阿拉塔. 砌体结构中哑铃形墙体内力及变形集中效应分析. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (2) : 155 -163 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0215
Ruofan LUO, Xun GUO, Xiaoyao DONG, Jijiao WU, A Lata. Analysis of internal force and deformation concentration effects in dumbbell-shaped walls of masonry structures[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (2) : 155 -163 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0215
正文
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0　引言
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我国大量存在砌体结构及框架-砌体混杂式结构[1-2]。砌体结构主要依靠完善的圈梁与构造柱，增强结构的整体性，使承重墙的抗震性能得到明显提升。抗震构造措施完善的砌体结构在地震中表现较好。由于使用需求，有较多建筑在临街一侧开大门洞，其结构组合了砌体构件和框架构件，形成前侧框架柱承重、后侧仍由砌体墙承重的形式，称为框架-砌体混杂式结构体系[3-5]。这类建筑在地震中的破坏通常较为严重，倒塌案例较多。例如，2008年汶川地震中发生首层倒塌的多栋建筑中，混杂式结构体系占比很高[6]。2013年芦山地震[7]、2014年鲁甸地震[8]、2019年长宁地震[9]等破坏性地震中，均有混杂式结构发生严重破坏。2022年泸定地震中，一些混杂式结构发生了严重破坏，由于建筑未完全倒塌，其破坏状态清晰地呈现出来。这些建筑的破坏特征表明，窗间墙发生了严重的剪切破坏，出现显著的X形裂缝；然而，外侧的框架柱几乎完好无损[10]。这些建筑的破坏通常被归结为结构体系不符合规范要求[11]，这就导致对此类建筑的结构构件力学行为的研究较少，其破坏和倒塌的机制不够明确。因此，针对这类构件进行专门研究，探明其结构的破坏和倒塌机制，有助于提高此类建筑的抗震能力。
通过对砌体承重墙构件的破坏现象进行观察发现，破坏主要集中于窗间墙处[12-14]。由此推断，其在受力过程中，变形可能逐渐集中于窗间墙处，变形的集中同时伴随着内力的集中。依据墙体的破坏现象和受力特征，提出应按照开间中线划分墙体单元，才能合理评估其力学性能。根据该划分方式得到的构件，相当于腹板和翼缘加厚的工字型构件，形似哑铃，称其为哑铃形构件。这是砌体结构和混杂式结构中的典型构件，然而，其内力和变形的发展规律，目前还欠缺专门的研究，这将阻碍对结构破坏机制的探索。本文设计了等初始刚度的矩形构件和哑铃形构件，通过监测应变和关键位置位移，测试出哑铃形构件在受力过程中内力和变形的发展规律。基于试验数据，对结构破坏机制进行了一些讨论。
1　试验设计
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1.1　模型设计
不同于传统的构件划分方式，哑铃形构件划分如图1所示，其可能产生的变形集中效应如图2所示。中部变窄的构件（构件A）和具有相同初始刚度的矩形构件（构件B），发生相同的楼层位移时，若构件A的变形集中于截面变窄处，则中部构件的位移角θ1大于构件B的位移角θ2，那么剪应变也大于构件B，变窄处将率先发生破坏。
为测试等初始刚度模型的内力和变形发展规律，减小砌体材料带来的随机性，模型采用素混凝土制作。由于试验模型上端是自由端，为建立合理的边界条件，分别采用3个矩形构件和哑铃形构件并联的形式，以达到上端近似平动的效果。为使矩形构件和哑铃形构件初始刚度相等，首先设计哑铃形构件。设置窗间墙高宽比为1，尺寸为300 mm×300 mm，窗上墙和窗下墙高为380 mm，总长1800 mm，模型厚度为80 mm。
构件初始刚度计算时，假定上下为嵌固端，先对3个窗间墙进行并联计算，再将并联刚度与窗上墙及窗下墙刚度进行串联，得到哑铃形构件总刚度。计算公式如式（1）、式（2）所示：
式中：KA1为窗间墙刚度；KA2为窗上和窗下墙刚度；KA为构件总刚度；I为截面惯性矩；A为截面面积；L为每个计算模块的高度，如A1部分为300 mm，A2部分为380 mm；η为剪切截面系数，取1.2；0.416为剪切模量与弹性模量的比值。
计算得到，KA =569586.65 kN/m。再计算3个矩形构件总刚度，使其与哑铃形构件总刚度KA相等。矩形构件高度与哑铃形构件一致，为1060 mm，设宽度为x，计算公式如式（3）所示：
式中：KB为矩形墙构件总刚度；b为截面宽度，为80 mm；x为截面高度，根据构件A和构件B刚度相等来求解。令KB =KA，计算得到x为711 mm，确定矩形截面高度为710 mm。模型尺寸示意如图3所示。
由于模型缩尺，采用直径为5~10 mm的小粒径粗骨料配置混凝土，经试配确定配合比为1∶2.6∶4.0（水泥∶砂∶石），水灰比为0.5。通过立方体强度试件测试得到混凝土抗压强度平均值为14.1 MPa，通过棱柱体试件测到弹性模量平均值为18810 MPa。
1.2　加载方式
为直接对比2种构件在同位移下受力性能的差异，2个模型由大盖板连接，水平力直接作用于盖板上。为观测模型破坏倒塌状态，需在倒塌时刻有稳定的竖向荷载，因此采用铅块堆载的方式来施加竖向荷载。由于哑铃形构件存在变形集中现象，随着变形的增大，刚度退化的程度与矩形构件可能不一致，加载过程中容易导致刚心偏移，如图4（a）所示。在盖板两侧构件所在位置采用双作动器同步加载，即可保证加载全过程位移相同，而2个作动器反馈的力即为2个构件所承受的剪力，如图4（b）所示。模型加载示意如图5所示。
1.3　测量方案
由于作动器位移还包含了反力架变形、支座和盖板连接砂浆等的弹性变形，为测试哑铃形构件变形集中效应，在窗上墙、窗间墙及窗下墙上端设置位移计，测量这3个位置的相对位移（即直接测量构件变形）。此外，在哑铃形构件和矩形构件中部设置应变花，以得到剪应变。测量方案如图6所示。模型A和模型B加载前布置如图7所示。
1.4　加载工况
竖向采用铅块堆载，计算轴压比为0.12。水平方向采用拟静力试验方法，进行低周往复水平加载。由于目标为位移，水平方向全程采用位移控制加载。加载预设为12个工况，分别是：0.1、0.2、0.4、0.8、1.2、1.6、2.0、2.4、2.8、3.2、3.6、4.0 mm，如图8所示。其中，0.1~2.8 mm工况加载频率为0.05 Hz，3.2~4.0 mm工况加载频率为0.02 Hz。模型发生破坏或倒塌即终止试验。
2　试验结果与分析
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2.1　宏观破坏现象
试验以模型A窗间墙发生剪切破坏、模型倒塌而终止，模型B未发生破坏。如图9（a）、（b）所示，窗间墙发生剪切破坏后，构件丧失承重能力，楼板下沉，开裂形成的楔形体下劈，产生显著的裂缝宽度。试验前对模型倒塌的保护措施使得这一倒塌过程能够清晰展示出来。模型B未破坏，但由于模型A丧失承重能力，楼板往模型A方向倒塌，模型B底部被动发生平面外受拉破坏，如图9（c）所示。
模型A的3个窗间墙破坏模式如图9（d）~（f）所示。可见窗间墙均发生剪切破坏，破坏后裂缝宽度很大，这是由于构件出现剪切裂缝后，迅速丧失承重能力，楼板下坠挤压所致。实际触发倒塌的时刻，裂缝宽度是很小的，即构件水平方向的变形很小，这从模型B未发生破坏的现象可以看出来。
2.2　滞回曲线和骨架曲线
提取模型前4个工况的滞回曲线，如图10所示。由前2个工况可以看出，在小位移下，荷载和位移都非常接近，滞回环形状也基本一致。可知按照等初始刚度设计的2个模型，在初始受力阶段的表现也是相同的。第3个工况开始，模型A的荷载明显大于模型B，如图10（d）所示，说明随着变形的增大，非线性程度加剧，哑铃形构件的变形开始往窗间墙集中，此时模型A的刚度开始大于模型B。
提取各工况的骨架曲线如图11所示。由骨架曲线可知，前3个工况的荷载基本是重合的。随着位移的增大，2个模型的荷载差越来越大，说明在受力过程中，内力不断往模型A集中。模型A正向峰值荷载为115.5 kN，相应的模型B峰值荷载仅为73.2 kN。模型A负向峰值荷载为92.2 kN，相应的模型B负向峰值荷载为74.5 kN。正反向荷载不对称的现象是由于墙体截面损伤时刚度退化显著，模型首先沿正向加载，发生损伤后刚度下降，同一工况下再进行反向加载时，模型的承载力有所降低。正反向位移不对称的现象则是因为测量的是模型的相对位移，即反馈的是构件本身的变形，因荷载不对称，造成反力架、盖板连接砂浆等发生的弹性变形不相同，导致模型正反向的相对位移有一些差异，模型负向位移略大于正向位移。
刚度退化曲线如图12所示，随着变形的增大，在破坏前，模型A和模型B的刚度比不断增大。加载过程中刚度比增大到1.45左右，直至模型A发生破坏，刚度下降，刚度比则不再增加。
2.3　变形集中现象分析
提取前6个工况模型A和模型B的3块墙片中点处的应变花数据，计算得到剪应变，如图13所示。可见模型A的剪应变始终大于模型B，这是由于模型A的窗间墙实际剪跨比较小，剪切占比更高。不仅如此，随着变形的增大，模型A和模型B的剪应变比值进一步增大，前6个位移工况下，应变比约从2.5增大至3.5，如图14所示。说明随着变形的增大，变形进一步往窗间墙集中，导致模型A在更小的变形下率先发生破坏。
构件虽然以剪切变形为主，但水平加载点与模型中间截面之间存在力臂，使得模型产生整体弯曲变形，构件的变形是弯曲和剪切变形的叠加，如图15所示。为实现通过位移观测变形集中现象，在窗上墙、窗间墙和窗下墙上端设置位移计。构件弯曲变形在模型各个位置产生的位移比可认为是恒定的，变形集中主要体现在剪切变形上，那么通过这几个位置的位移比值关系就可以观察到变形集中的发展规律。
提取前11个工况下的位移，如图16所示。由图可知，在前3个工况下，由整体弯曲产生的位移占比更高，随着水平位移的增大，变形逐渐集中于窗间墙处。图17展示了窗上墙顶部位移X1和窗间墙顶部位移X2的比值，以及窗间墙顶部位移X2和窗下墙顶部位移X3的比值，位移测点如图17所示。X1和X2的比值呈下降趋势，且X2和X3的比值呈上升趋势，说明窗间墙的变形占比逐步提高，这与剪应变分布规律是一致的。
3　结构破坏倒塌机制讨论
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建筑纵向的砌体承重墙通常开窗洞，形成了哑铃形构件。从一些破坏严重的建筑中可以观察到，窗间墙的裂缝宽度很大，仅在圈梁构造柱的约束下勉强保持不倒塌。但与其相邻的框架柱构件却几乎没有破坏，这说明结构运动位移并没有达到足以使框架柱发生破坏的位移[15]，如图18所示。这一现象可通过图19所展示的破坏机制来解释。由于变形集中，在很小的结构位移下，窗间墙就发生破坏，丧失承重能力，此时楼板下沉，由水平力作用形成的X形裂缝，将窗间墙分解为4个楔形体。上部的楔形体在重力作用下往下劈，两侧的楔形体则被往外挤压，使得4个楔形体明显分离。随后在惯性力作用下，两侧楔形体进一步甩向左右两侧，形成了巨大的裂缝宽度。本文开展的倒塌试验（图9）验证了这一破坏机制。因此，这类构件在发生剪切破坏后，结构即失效（倒塌），此后出现的破坏现象，都是超越倒塌性能点后的行为，是非常不稳定的。
框架柱构件和哑铃形构件的变形如图20（a）、（b）所示。图18所展示的混杂式建筑，其结构抗震能力和破坏机制如图20（c）所示。哑铃形墙体在极小的变形下就发生破坏，导致结构丧失承重能力而倒塌。相邻的框架柱虽然具有大变形能力，但由于结构失效时的位移很小，其大变形能力无法体现出来。不仅如此，框架柱所贡献出来的承载力也很小，可认为框架柱只能作为承重构件，而无法有效抵抗水平力。
通过对哑铃形构件力学性能的认识，可以从本构关系的角度探讨结构抗震能力。图20（d）为墙体分布均匀的砌体结构，相当于各轴线上均有承载力高的哑铃形墙体，虽然变形能力很小，基本无延性供利用，但其体现出的高承载力往往也能抵抗较大的地震力。近年来发生的一些破坏性地震中，均有不少约束条件良好的砌体结构在震中表现较好、基本没有发生破坏[7，16]，所依靠的是极高的总承载力。根据本文对哑铃形构件的初步探索可知，哑铃形构件的变形集中，致使小剪跨比的窗间墙集中受力，虽然变形能力更小，但其承载力也相对更高，如果可以在设计中充分考虑，可更为高效地提高结构抗震能力，这需要进一步开展相关研究。
4　结论
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本文针对砌体结构中典型的纵向承重墙构件开展研究，设计了等初始刚度的矩形构件和哑铃形构件拟静力试验模型，在同位移工况下观察其破坏和倒塌现象，基于剪应变和关键位置位移的测量，反馈了哑铃形构件内力和变形集中的发展规律，得出如下主要结论：
1）基于纵向开洞承重墙构件的震害特征和受力分析，提出应按照开间中线进行单元划分，才能合理把握墙体单元的真实受力状态，由此形成的构件称为哑铃形构件。
2）同位移下，哑铃形构件率先发生剪切破坏，结构沿哑铃形构件一侧倒塌，楼板下沉致使因墙体开裂产生的楔形体下劈，导致窗间墙两侧楔形体进一步挤压至两侧，形成巨大的裂缝宽度。另一侧的矩形构件则被动发生出平面的底部受拉破坏。
3）荷载位移关系显示，随着水平位移的增大，哑铃形构件与矩形构件的刚度比开始变大，哑铃形构件开始承受更大的剪力。剪应变的发展表明，随着水平位移的增大，哑铃形构件与矩形构件的剪应变比值逐渐增大，显示出变形不断往窗间墙处集中。位移监测数据显示，窗上墙与窗间墙的位移比不断减小，而窗间墙和窗下墙的位移比不断增大，也说明了随着变形的增大，变形不断往窗间墙处集中。这导致了哑铃形构件极限变形很小，但其承载力也比较高。
4）基于对哑铃形构件力学性能的认识，探讨了砌体结构和混杂式结构的破坏倒塌机制和结构的抗震能力。本研究为初步探索，得到了哑铃形构件内力和变形集中的发展规律，应进一步开展多参数和精细化的研究，服务于提高此类建筑的抗震能力。
基金
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  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52278489)
  • 云南省地震局科技创新团队项目(CXTD202401)
  • 嘉应学院科研项目(2022KJZ01)
文献
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2025年第45卷第2期
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文章信息
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0215
  • 接收时间：2024-05-06
  • 首发时间：2026-03-20
  • 出版时间：2025-04-24
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出版历史
  • 收稿日期：2024-05-06
  • 修回日期：2024-06-26
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52278489)
云南省地震局科技创新团队项目(CXTD202401)
嘉应学院科研项目(2022KJZ01)
作者信息
    1.嘉应学院 土木工程学院，广东 梅州 514015
    2.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
    3.防灾科技学院 中国地震局建筑物破坏机理与防御重点实验室，河北 三河 065201
    4.云南省地震局，云南 昆明 650041

通讯作者:

郭迅（1966—），男，研究员，博士，主要从事结构抗震和结构损伤诊断研究。E-mail：
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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