Article(id=1241791691234022261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0212, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699718400000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-12, revisedDate=1703520000000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-26, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773995810563, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1745424000000, pubDateStr=2025-04-24, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773995810563, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773995810563, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773995810563, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241791680479822062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773995807999, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996976041, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796579670163949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796579670163950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=127, endPage=135, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241791692412621723, articleId=1241791691234022261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Research on the value of vertical design response spectra in the code for seismic design of railway engineering, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Vertical ground motion is a serious threat to bridges and other structures in high intensity areas, and the relationship with horizontal ground motion is complicated. However, the current Code for seismic design of railway engineering(GB 50111—2006) (2009 edition) does not make special provisions for the vertical design response spectra. Some other specifications only stipulate that the vertical response spectra should be taken as a fixed ratio of the horizontal spectra, which may make the estimation of vertical ground motion unreliable. In view of the urgent need to revise the current seismic design code for railway engineering in China, 4 350 ground motion records at home and abroad were selected, and a quantitative study on the ratio of vertical to horizontal acceleration spectra according to the site category and magnitude classification was carried out. The results show that the ratio of vertical to horizontal response spectra generally exceeds the fixed value of 0.65 given by the current codes such as Code for seismic design of buildings (GB 50011—2010), and is significantly affected by the site category and seismic intensity. Therefore, it was proposed to introduce vertical site coefficient to characterize the vertical ground motion effect, and the method of calculating the vertical site coefficient, which is applicable to code for seismic design of railway engineering, was determined through the trial calculation and comparison with the relevant provisions of Specifications for seismic design of highway bridges (JTG/T 2231-01—2020). The peak ratios of vertical and horizontal acceleration response spectra under different site categories and seismic defense intensities were calculated, and the proposed values of vertical site coefficients were given. The research findings presented in this paper can serve as a reference for determining the value of vertical acceleration design spectra in seismic design codes for railway engineering.

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竖向地震动对高烈度区桥梁等结构存在严峻威胁,且与水平向地震动之间关系复杂。然而当前我国GB 50111—2006《铁路工程抗震设计规范》(2009年版)未对竖向设计反应谱做出专门规定;其他部分规范仅规定竖向反应谱取水平谱的某一固定比值,可能使对竖向地震动的估计不可靠。因此,在我国现行铁路工程抗震设计规范亟需修编的大背景下,选取了国内外的4350条地震动记录,按场地类别和震级分类,进行竖向与水平向加速度谱比值的定量研究。结果表明,竖向与水平向反应谱比普遍超过GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》等现行规范给出的定值0.65,且受场地类别和地震烈度的影响显著。因此,建议引入竖向场地系数表征竖向地震动作用,通过试算并与JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》相关规定对比,确定了适用于铁路工程抗震设计规范的竖向场地系数计算方法。计算不同场地类别和抗震设防烈度下的竖向与水平向加速度反应谱峰值比,给出了竖向场地系数的建议取值。研究成果可为铁路工程抗震设计规范中竖向加速度设计谱谱值的确定提供参考。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
江辉(1977—),男,教授,博士,主要从事桥梁抗震减灾与工程结构减灾研究。E-mail:
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司明非(1997—),男,博士研究生,主要从事桥梁抗震与减隔震研究。E-mail:

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司明非(1997—),男,博士研究生,主要从事桥梁抗震与减隔震研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802941783413372, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=55, authorNames=日本道路協会, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=日本道路協会. 道路桥示方书•同解说V耐震设计編[S]. 东京:神谷印刷株式会社,2017., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802941959574151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2017, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=56, authorNames=Japan Road Association, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=Japan Road Association. Design specifications for road bridges and commentary Part V: Seismic design[S]. Tokyo: Kamiya Printing Co., Ltd., 2017. (in Japanese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802942110569110, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=12, pageStart=183, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=57, authorNames=潘毅, 包韵雷, 刘永鑫, journalName=工程力学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=潘毅,包韵雷,刘永鑫,. 基于中国规范的近断层区竖向抗震设计谱研究[J]. 工程力学, 2021, 38(12): 183-190., articleTitle=基于中国规范的近断层区竖向抗震设计谱研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802942236398245, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=38, issue=12, pageStart=183, pageEnd=190, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=58, authorNames=PAN Yi, BAO Yunlei, LIU Yongxin, journalName=Engineering Mechanics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=PAN Yi, BAO Yunlei, LIU Yongxin, et al. Study on vertical seismic design spectra of near fault area based on Chinese code[J]. Engineering Mechanics, 2021, 38(12): 183-190. 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language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Average V/H spectral ratio curves for different magnitude intervals, figureFileSmall=VrtNAWlQorP3m1TQKCFmAg==, figureFileBig=TYO5rm/V3bnw1pr6u6nqPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802926994297280, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同震级区间的平均V/H谱比曲线, figureFileSmall=VrtNAWlQorP3m1TQKCFmAg==, figureFileBig=TYO5rm/V3bnw1pr6u6nqPw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802927132709327, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Flowchart for the calculation, figureFileSmall=GnwfexRSFBAPtdn7Y+haYw==, figureFileBig=BZSvO6fJwuk/tU+t9BTYEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802927275315671, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=CN, label=图9, caption=计算流程图, figureFileSmall=GnwfexRSFBAPtdn7Y+haYw==, figureFileBig=BZSvO6fJwuk/tU+t9BTYEg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802927438893547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Number of ground motion records

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
强震事件地震动记录数量/条
1996年云南丽江7.0级地震12
2007年云南普洱6.4级地震36
2008年四川汶川8.0级地震609
2009年四川绵竹5.6级地震27
2010年青海玉树7.1级地震96
2013年四川芦山7.0级地震291
2014年云南景谷6.6级地震18
2016年青海门源6.4级地震192
2017年四川九寨沟7.0级地震198
2022年青海门源6.9级地震3
), ArticleFig(id=1241802927564722683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

地震动记录数量

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
强震事件地震动记录数量/条
1996年云南丽江7.0级地震12
2007年云南普洱6.4级地震36
2008年四川汶川8.0级地震609
2009年四川绵竹5.6级地震27
2010年青海玉树7.1级地震96
2013年四川芦山7.0级地震291
2014年云南景谷6.6级地震18
2016年青海门源6.4级地震192
2017年四川九寨沟7.0级地震198
2022年青海门源6.9级地震3
), ArticleFig(id=1241802927690551820, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of ground motion records adopted in this study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据来源场地类别总计
01Ⅱ类Ⅲ类Ⅳ类
中国地震局强震动观测中心1619672054281482
美国PEER NGA-West2数据库2507128868601602868
总计266908160614021684350
), ArticleFig(id=1241802927807992345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

本研究采用的地震动记录分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
数据来源场地类别总计
01Ⅱ类Ⅲ类Ⅳ类
中国地震局强震动观测中心1619672054281482
美国PEER NGA-West2数据库2507128868601602868
总计266908160614021684350
), ArticleFig(id=1241802927917044257, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Regulations on vertical design response spectrum in domestic and foreign codes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗震设计规范竖向反应谱谱值的规定
中国GB 50111—2006《铁路工程抗震设计规范》(2009年版)[2]无相关规定
中国JTG/T D65-05—2015《公路悬索桥设计规范》[29]无相关规定
中国《川藏铁路悬索桥设计暂行规定》无相关规定
美国AASHTO规范[3]无相关规定
中国GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》[4]竖向地震动影响系数取为水平地震影响系数的0.65倍
中国CJJ 166—2011《城市桥梁抗震设计规范》[24]竖向设计加速度反应谱可由水平向设计加速度反应谱乘以0.65得到
中国GB 50909—2014《城市轨道交通结构抗震设计规范》[30]竖向地震动对结构影响较大时,应计入竖向地震动作用,场地竖向地震动峰值加速度取值应不小于水平的0.65倍
中国GB 55002—2021《建筑与市政工程抗震通用规范》[31]设计地震动竖向峰值加速度不应小于水平峰值加速度的65%
日本铁道构造物设计标准[25]竖向设计反应谱取水平向设计反应谱0.5倍
日本道路桥示方书[32]设计竖向地震动由水平地震动乘以折减系数得到,折减系数根据竖向支座类型和地震动水平取为0.50或0.67
中国JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》[15]采用竖向场地系数调整加速度反应谱最大值,竖向场地系数根据抗震设防烈度和场地类别确定
中国JTG/T B02-01—2008《公路桥梁抗震设计细则》[26]竖向加速度反应谱由水平向设计加速度反应谱乘竖向/水平向谱比函数R,竖向谱比函数取值根据场地类别确定
美国ASCE/SEI 7-16规范[27]给出了专门的竖向加速度反应谱
欧洲Eurocode 8规范[28]给出了专门的竖向加速度反应谱
), ArticleFig(id=1241802928005124652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

国内外规范对于竖向设计反应谱的规定

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗震设计规范竖向反应谱谱值的规定
中国GB 50111—2006《铁路工程抗震设计规范》(2009年版)[2]无相关规定
中国JTG/T D65-05—2015《公路悬索桥设计规范》[29]无相关规定
中国《川藏铁路悬索桥设计暂行规定》无相关规定
美国AASHTO规范[3]无相关规定
中国GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》[4]竖向地震动影响系数取为水平地震影响系数的0.65倍
中国CJJ 166—2011《城市桥梁抗震设计规范》[24]竖向设计加速度反应谱可由水平向设计加速度反应谱乘以0.65得到
中国GB 50909—2014《城市轨道交通结构抗震设计规范》[30]竖向地震动对结构影响较大时,应计入竖向地震动作用,场地竖向地震动峰值加速度取值应不小于水平的0.65倍
中国GB 55002—2021《建筑与市政工程抗震通用规范》[31]设计地震动竖向峰值加速度不应小于水平峰值加速度的65%
日本铁道构造物设计标准[25]竖向设计反应谱取水平向设计反应谱0.5倍
日本道路桥示方书[32]设计竖向地震动由水平地震动乘以折减系数得到,折减系数根据竖向支座类型和地震动水平取为0.50或0.67
中国JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》[15]采用竖向场地系数调整加速度反应谱最大值,竖向场地系数根据抗震设防烈度和场地类别确定
中国JTG/T B02-01—2008《公路桥梁抗震设计细则》[26]竖向加速度反应谱由水平向设计加速度反应谱乘竖向/水平向谱比函数R,竖向谱比函数取值根据场地类别确定
美国ASCE/SEI 7-16规范[27]给出了专门的竖向加速度反应谱
欧洲Eurocode 8规范[28]给出了专门的竖向加速度反应谱
), ArticleFig(id=1241802928109982266, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Calculation results of aV/aH(Period range 0~10 s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地类别抗震设防烈度
Ⅵ度Ⅶ度Ⅷ度Ⅸ度
0.05 g0.10 g0.15 g0.20 g0.30 g0.40 g
01.020.980.980.970.860.84
10.920.910.840.890.940.96
0.820.830.790.740.901.04
0.730.760.791.021.001.02
0.750.780.840.971.161.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241802928244200009, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

aV/aH计算结果(周期范围0~10 s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地类别抗震设防烈度
Ⅵ度Ⅶ度Ⅷ度Ⅸ度
0.05 g0.10 g0.15 g0.20 g0.30 g0.40 g
01.020.980.980.970.860.84
10.920.910.840.890.940.96
0.820.830.790.740.901.04
0.730.760.791.021.001.02
0.750.780.840.971.161.05
), ArticleFig(id=1241802928386806363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Calculation results of aV/aH(Period range 0.2~10 s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地类别抗震设防烈度
Ⅵ度Ⅶ度Ⅷ度Ⅸ度
0.05 g0.10 g0.15 g0.20 g0.30 g0.40 g
00.930.890.890.880.780.76
10.770.760.700.740.790.80
0.680.690.660.620.750.87
0.610.630.660.850.830.85
0.710.740.800.921.101.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241802928521024108, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

aV/aH计算结果(周期范围0.2~10 s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地类别抗震设防烈度
Ⅵ度Ⅶ度Ⅷ度Ⅸ度
0.05 g0.10 g0.15 g0.20 g0.30 g0.40 g
00.930.890.890.880.780.76
10.770.760.700.740.790.80
0.680.690.660.620.750.87
0.610.630.660.850.830.85
0.710.740.800.921.101.00
), ArticleFig(id=1241802928667824765, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Error between results in table 4 and the specified values in code for seismic design of highway bridges

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地类别抗震设防烈度
Ⅵ度Ⅶ度Ⅷ度Ⅸ度
0.05 g0.10 g0.15 g0.20 g0.30 g0.40 g
00.230.210.220.210.210.25
10.230.250.170.250.280.37
0.360.380.320.240.290.31
0.360.350.300.280.250.28
0.160.160.150.070.220.18
), ArticleFig(id=1241802928806236813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

表4计算结果与《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》规定的误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地类别抗震设防烈度
Ⅵ度Ⅶ度Ⅷ度Ⅸ度
0.05 g0.10 g0.15 g0.20 g0.30 g0.40 g
00.230.210.220.210.210.25
10.230.250.170.250.280.37
0.360.380.320.240.290.31
0.360.350.300.280.250.28
0.160.160.150.070.220.18
), ArticleFig(id=1241802928911094427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Error between results in table 5 and the specified values in code for seismic design of highway bridges

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地类别抗震设防烈度
Ⅵ度Ⅶ度Ⅷ度Ⅸ度
0.05 g0.10 g0.15 g0.20 g0.30 g0.40 g
00.120.100.110.100.100.13
10.030.040.030.040.060.14
0.130.150.100.030.070.09
0.130.130.080.060.040.06
0.110.100.100.020.160.12
), ArticleFig(id=1241802929041117862, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

表5计算结果与《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》规定的误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地类别抗震设防烈度
Ⅵ度Ⅶ度Ⅷ度Ⅸ度
0.05 g0.10 g0.15 g0.20 g0.30 g0.40 g
00.120.100.110.100.100.13
10.030.040.030.040.060.14
0.130.150.100.030.070.09
0.130.130.080.060.040.06
0.110.100.100.020.160.12
), ArticleFig(id=1241802930597204656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Calculation results of aV/aH(Period range 0.2 ~ 6 s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地类别抗震设防烈度
Ⅵ度Ⅶ度Ⅷ度Ⅸ度
0.05 g0.10 g0.15 g0.20 g0.30 g0.40 g
01.071.081.061.050.900.86
10.900.880.850.840.850.88
0.730.750.740.770.840.88
0.600.630.720.820.850.86
0.720.740.770.941.050.99
), ArticleFig(id=1241802930744005309, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

aV/aH计算结果(周期范围0.2~6 s)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地类别抗震设防烈度
Ⅵ度Ⅶ度Ⅷ度Ⅸ度
0.05 g0.10 g0.15 g0.20 g0.30 g0.40 g
01.071.081.061.050.900.86
10.900.880.850.840.850.88
0.730.750.740.770.840.88
0.600.630.720.820.850.86
0.720.740.770.941.050.99
), ArticleFig(id=1241802931004052170, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Suggested values for vertical site coefficient

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地类别抗震设防烈度
Ⅵ度Ⅶ度Ⅷ度Ⅸ度
0.05 g0.10 g0.15 g0.20 g0.30 g0.40 g
00.80.80.80.80.80.8
10.80.80.80.80.90.9
0.80.80.80.80.90.9
0.80.80.90.90.90.9
0.90.90.91.01.00.9
), ArticleFig(id=1241802931104715477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791691234022261, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

竖向场地系数建议取值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
场地类别抗震设防烈度
Ⅵ度Ⅶ度Ⅷ度Ⅸ度
0.05 g0.10 g0.15 g0.20 g0.30 g0.40 g
00.80.80.80.80.80.8
10.80.80.80.80.90.9
0.80.80.80.80.90.9
0.80.80.90.90.90.9
0.90.90.91.01.00.9
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铁路工程抗震设计规范竖向设计反应谱谱值研究
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司明非 1, 2 , 江辉 1, 2 , 陈良江 3 , 高日 1, 2 , 周勇政 3 , 卢文良 1, 2
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(2): 127-135
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(2): 127-135
铁路工程抗震设计规范竖向设计反应谱谱值研究
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司明非1, 2 , 江辉1, 2 , 陈良江3, 高日1, 2, 周勇政3, 卢文良1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院,北京 100044
  • 2.北京市轨道交通线路安全与防灾工程技术研究中心,北京 100044
  • 3.中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司,北京 100038
  • 司明非(1997—),男,博士研究生,主要从事桥梁抗震与减隔震研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

江辉(1977—),男,教授,博士,主要从事桥梁抗震减灾与工程结构减灾研究。E-mail:
Research on the value of vertical design response spectra in the code for seismic design of railway engineering
Mingfei SI1, 2 , Hui JIANG1, 2 , Liangjiang CHEN3, Ri GAO1, 2, Yongzheng ZHOU3, Wenliang LU1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
  • 2.Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Rail Transit Line Safety and Disaster Prevention, Beijing 100044, China
  • 3.China Railway Economic and Planning Research Institute, Beijing 100038, China
出版时间: 2025-04-24 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0212
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竖向地震动对高烈度区桥梁等结构存在严峻威胁,且与水平向地震动之间关系复杂。然而当前我国GB 50111—2006《铁路工程抗震设计规范》(2009年版)未对竖向设计反应谱做出专门规定;其他部分规范仅规定竖向反应谱取水平谱的某一固定比值,可能使对竖向地震动的估计不可靠。因此,在我国现行铁路工程抗震设计规范亟需修编的大背景下,选取了国内外的4350条地震动记录,按场地类别和震级分类,进行竖向与水平向加速度谱比值的定量研究。结果表明,竖向与水平向反应谱比普遍超过GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》等现行规范给出的定值0.65,且受场地类别和地震烈度的影响显著。因此,建议引入竖向场地系数表征竖向地震动作用,通过试算并与JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》相关规定对比,确定了适用于铁路工程抗震设计规范的竖向场地系数计算方法。计算不同场地类别和抗震设防烈度下的竖向与水平向加速度反应谱峰值比,给出了竖向场地系数的建议取值。研究成果可为铁路工程抗震设计规范中竖向加速度设计谱谱值的确定提供参考。

铁路桥梁抗震设计  /  竖向地震动  /  加速度反应谱  /  反应谱比  /  竖向场地系数  /  加速度峰值比

Vertical ground motion is a serious threat to bridges and other structures in high intensity areas, and the relationship with horizontal ground motion is complicated. However, the current Code for seismic design of railway engineering(GB 50111—2006) (2009 edition) does not make special provisions for the vertical design response spectra. Some other specifications only stipulate that the vertical response spectra should be taken as a fixed ratio of the horizontal spectra, which may make the estimation of vertical ground motion unreliable. In view of the urgent need to revise the current seismic design code for railway engineering in China, 4 350 ground motion records at home and abroad were selected, and a quantitative study on the ratio of vertical to horizontal acceleration spectra according to the site category and magnitude classification was carried out. The results show that the ratio of vertical to horizontal response spectra generally exceeds the fixed value of 0.65 given by the current codes such as Code for seismic design of buildings (GB 50011—2010), and is significantly affected by the site category and seismic intensity. Therefore, it was proposed to introduce vertical site coefficient to characterize the vertical ground motion effect, and the method of calculating the vertical site coefficient, which is applicable to code for seismic design of railway engineering, was determined through the trial calculation and comparison with the relevant provisions of Specifications for seismic design of highway bridges (JTG/T 2231-01—2020). The peak ratios of vertical and horizontal acceleration response spectra under different site categories and seismic defense intensities were calculated, and the proposed values of vertical site coefficients were given. The research findings presented in this paper can serve as a reference for determining the value of vertical acceleration design spectra in seismic design codes for railway engineering.

seismic design of railway bridge  /  vertical ground motion  /  acceleration response spectra  /  response spectra ratio  /  vertical site coefficient  /  peak acceleration ratio
司明非, 江辉, 陈良江, 高日, 周勇政, 卢文良. 铁路工程抗震设计规范竖向设计反应谱谱值研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (2) : 127 -135 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0212
Mingfei SI, Hui JIANG, Liangjiang CHEN, Ri GAO, Yongzheng ZHOU, Wenliang LU. Research on the value of vertical design response spectra in the code for seismic design of railway engineering[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (2) : 127 -135 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0212
地震活动是影响人类社会安全的自然灾害之一,对建筑结构的破坏性不可忽视。竖向地震动作为地震荷载的重要组成部分,对工程结构的安全性有着重要影响,位于高烈度区和近断层区域的大跨度桥梁、悬臂结构、高柔高耸结构等对竖向地震动作用尤其敏感[1]。然而,国内外现行规范对竖向设计反应谱谱值的规定一般较为简单,我国GB 50111—2006《铁路工程抗震设计规范》(2009年版)[2]、美国AASHTO规范[3]等国内外现行规范未对竖向反应谱取值做单独规定,GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》[4]等通常仅规定竖向反应谱取水平谱的某一固定比值(如65%)。
20世纪90年代以来,随着强震动观测技术的发展,国内外一系列基于实测记录的研究结果[5-9]表明,竖向地震动与水平向地震动之间关系复杂,部分竖向加速度峰值甚至远超水平向峰值。近年来,更多国内外学者针对竖向与水平向反应谱的比值进行了更深入的研究。江辉等[10]指出,实际地震中竖向与水平向加速度峰值比显著高于现行抗震设计规范的取值,且并非常量,建议采用分段线性方法建立竖向与水平向反应谱比值随各影响因素变化的关系式。AKKAR等[11]根据欧洲地震动实测数据,得到了竖向与水平向加速度峰值比,并给出了其预测公式。赵培培等[12-13]发现竖向与水平向加速度反应谱峰值比在大震远场及周期超过1.0 s的情况下通常远高于0.65。李宁等[14]根据实测近断层强震数据,分析了地震动竖向与水平向加速度峰值比与场地类别等因素的关系,并给出了峰值比的合理取值。
尽管研究人员已对竖向加速度谱进行了大量研究,但相关成果在规范中仍鲜有体现。我国现行《铁路工程抗震设计规范》于2009年修编,对竖向设计谱未做规定;而2020年颁布的JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》[15]已通过专门的竖向场地系数,确定了竖向设计谱谱值。另外,当前国内抗震设计规范修订工作的专题研究中,所用地震动记录大多来自国外[16-17],宜适当增大我国记录所占比例。基于此,面向我国新版铁路工程抗震设计规范的修编工作,本文选取国内外地震动实测记录(其中约1/3来自国内)进行设计反应谱谱值的定量研究,以期为规范中竖向设计反应谱部分的内容编制提供参考。
本文选取的地震动数据分别来自中国地震局强震动观测中心数据库和美国太平洋地震工程研究中心(Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research,PEER)的NGA-West2数据库。其中,PEER NGA-West2数据库主要包括美国西部的地震动记录,该地区的地质构造与我国相似[18],其地震烈度衰减关系也与我国地震动接近[19],因此可作为我国地震动记录的补充。地震动记录的选取标准为矩震级MW≥4.5且具有三分量地震动记录(即2个水平向分量、1个竖向分量)的台站数据。
下载到的实测地震动记录共计4350条,来自国内外数十次强震事件。其中,来自中国地震局强震动观测中心数据库的地震动共1482条,包括四川汶川、青海玉树、四川芦山和青海门源等强震事件的实测记录,具体使用的地震动记录及地震波数量如表1所示;来自PEER NGA-West2数据库的地震动共2 868条,包括San Fernando地震、Loma Prieta地震、Northridge地震,神户地震和集集地震等强震事件的实测记录,其震级与断层距的分布情况如图1所示。
根据GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》、GB 18306—2015《中国地震动参数区划图》[20]等国内最新规范的分类方法,将场地分为Ⅰ0类、Ⅰ1类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类共5个类别。其中,对来自中国地震局强震动观测中心的地震动,根据文献[21]介绍的方法,由台站所在地的特征周期确定其场地类别;对于来自PEER NGA-West2数据库的地震动,采用文献[22-23]提出的VS30与我国场地类别的对应关系,确定其场地类别。本文采用的地震动记录分布情况见表2。由表可知,除Ⅰ0类和Ⅳ类场地的地震动记录较少外,其他场地的地震动记录均较为丰富,且分布均匀。
基于竖向和水平向地震动记录,分别计算其阻尼比为0.05的加速度反应谱,并求出3个不同方向上的平均反应谱。五类场地竖向和水平向反应谱与平均反应谱的计算结果分别如图2~图6所示。
计算水平2个方向反应谱的平均值,以此作为计算中采用的水平向反应谱。为了更准确地分析竖向与水平向反应谱比的总体特征,先对每类场地下的强震动记录计算谱比,再对谱比进行平均[13]
在不同场地类别下,分别计算同一地震动事件中竖向与水平向加速度反应谱的比值(以下称为V/H谱比),并求得各场地类别中V/H谱比的平均值,如图7所示。由图可知,场地类别对V/H谱比的影响比较显著,不同场地的平均谱比曲线的形状基本相似,但不同场地的谱比大小有所不同。V/H谱比的最大值基本位于短周期,可达到1.4左右。周期超过0.5 s后,随场地变软,Ⅰ1类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类场地的V/H谱比总体上逐渐减小,但仍大于现行规范规定的竖向设计反应谱与水平设计反应谱的定值0.65。Ⅰ0类、Ⅳ类场地的V/H谱比随周期变化同样表现出相似的变化规律,但其大小与另外三类场地V/H谱比表现出的规律并不完全相符,造成这种现象的原因可能是Ⅰ0类、Ⅳ类场地上的强震动记录数量较少引起的统计偏差。
另一方面,按照震级区间4.5≤MW <5.5、5.5≤MW <6.5、6.5≤MW <7.5、MW≥7.5分组,每个震级区间内的V/H谱比如图8所示。其中,Ⅰ1类、Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类场地在各震级区间内的地震动记录均较为丰富,统计分析的结果更加可靠。周期小于0.1 s时,V/H谱比与震级关系不明显,除Ⅳ场地(样本数量较少)外,谱比最大值可达到1.4。但周期超过1 s后,V/H谱比总体上随震级增大而增大,Ⅰ0类和Ⅰ1类场地在各个震级区间的平均谱比除个例外基本远高于0.65的定值,有些谱比均值甚至达到1.4左右。Ⅱ类和Ⅲ类场地的V/H谱比在震级较小(MW <6.5)时接近0.65,当震级较大(MW≥6.5)时可达到1。
由此可见,GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》等现行规范中规定竖向地震动影响系数取水平向影响系数的0.65倍,可能低估竖向地震动大小。另外,由于V/H谱比受场地类别和震级的影响显著,对于竖向加速度设计反应谱的谱值,建议针对不同场地类别和抗震设防烈度,分别做不同规定。
表3汇总了国内外现行主要规范对竖向设计反应谱的规定。可以发现,我国GB 50111—2006《铁路工程抗震设计规范》(2009年版)和美国AASHTO等规范未进行专门规定;我国GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》、CJJ 166—2011《城市桥梁抗震设计规范》[24]和日本铁道构造物设计标准[25]等规范对竖向地震动采用固定比值0.65或0.50简化考虑。JTG/T B02-01—2008《公路桥梁抗震设计细则》[26]给出了竖向/水平向谱比函数,但该函数实际使用较为繁琐,且低周期段存在不合理情况[15]。因此,经专题研究,JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》中的竖向设计谱与水平谱采用相同图形、相同公式,针对竖向谱给出了单独的场地系数和特征周期值。此外,美国ASCE/SEI 7-16规范[27]和欧洲Eurocode 8规范[28]则单独给出了竖向加速度反应谱。
对比可知,我国现行GB 50111—2006《铁路工程抗震设计规范》(2009年版)等由于修订时间相对久远,在竖向设计反应谱方面的规定尚且不完善。在铁路工程抗震设计规范的修编工作中,有必要进行竖向与水平向加速度反应谱的定量研究,以确定竖向设计反应谱的谱值。
2.2节得出的结论与JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》中对竖向设计反应谱谱值的规定方法相匹配。但铁路桥梁的自振周期低于公路桥梁,因而设计反应谱周期范围更短,V/H谱比也可能存在差别。因此,面向我国新版铁路工程抗震设计规范,建议采用JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》中的规定方法,根据不同场地类别和抗震设防烈度,通过不同的竖向场地系数规定竖向设计反应谱的谱值。
JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》在其条文说明中指出,竖向场地系数的数值是根据竖向与水平向反应谱的最大值之比归纳得出的。因此,本研究按照图9所示的计算流程,根据不同场地类别、不同抗震设防烈度,对地震动记录及其加速度反应谱计算结果分组,并计算不同分组下的竖向与水平向加速度反应谱峰值比(aV/aH)。
经调研,铁路桥梁自振周期普遍超过0.2 s,因此在计算aV/aH时,可去除周期0~0.2 s范围内的反应谱数据。其他基于规范的设计反应谱研究也采取了同样的做法,认为忽略这部分比值对竖向抗震设计谱的影响在工程设计中是可接受的[33]。为进一步验证这一做法的可靠性,将不同反应谱周期范围内aV/aH的试算结果与JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》给出的竖向与水平向场地系数之比进行对比。由于该规范给出的反应谱周期范围为10 s,故计算周期范围至10 s的加速度反应谱,分别取周期0~10 s和0.2~10 s的部分,计算aV/aH。计算结果分别见表4表5,与规范中相应比值的误差分别见表6表7
表6表7可知,以0.2~10 s为周期范围时,aV/aH的计算结果与JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》相关规定的误差较小,最大误差仅为16%,且该误差小于以0~10 s为周期范围计算时的误差,证明了图9所示的计算方法和去除0~0.2 s周期范围内反应谱数据这一做法的可靠性。在面向铁路工程的抗震设计规范修编工作中,由于作者建议的设计反应谱周期范围为6 s,故取0.2~6 s周期范围内的竖向与水平向反应谱,按照不同场地类别、不同抗震设防烈度分组,计算其aV/aH值,结果如表8所示。
综合考虑结构安全性与工程应用简便性,建议在规范修编中采用竖向场地系数确定竖向设计反应谱谱值。竖向场地系数通过水平向场地系数乘以0.2~6 s周期范围内aV/aH的计算结果(表8)得到,建议取值如表9所示。其中水平向场地系数采用JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》中的表5.2.2-1,该表直接引自GB 18306—2015《中国地震动参数区划图》推荐的表E.1。
本文采用4350条国内外实测强震动记录,分析了加速度反应谱的V/H谱比随不同影响因素的变化规律。基于此,提出了建议用于铁路工程抗震设计规范中竖向设计反应谱的规定形式,并根据反应谱峰值比aV/aH的计算结果,给出了竖向场地系数的建议取值。主要结论如下:
1)加速度反应谱V/H谱比的计算结果总体上均超过0.65;随场地硬度增大、震级增大,V/H谱比大小总体呈增大趋势。由此可见,当前部分抗震设计规范中竖向设计反应谱谱值取水平向65%的规定值得商榷,在对竖向设计反应谱谱值进行规定时,需考虑场地类别和地震烈度的影响。
2)建议通过引入竖向场地系数,规定竖向加速度设计反应谱谱值。试算反应谱峰值比aV/aH,并将结果与《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》相关规定对比,确定了根据aV/aH得到竖向场地系数的计算方法与应选用的反应谱周期范围。
3)计算aV/aH,给出了适用于新修订铁路工程抗震设计规范的竖向场地系数建议取值。本文的研究方法对面向其他抗震规范修编的专题研究同样适用,研究结果可为针对竖向反应谱的下一步定量研究提供基础,同时可为新版铁路工程抗震设计规范的修编工作提供参考。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52378473)
  • 中国国家铁路集团有限公司重大项目(K2022G014)
  • 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023JBZY029)
  • 国家铁路局基础研究项目(2021JS011)
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0212
  • 接收时间:2023-11-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-04-24
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-12
  • 修回日期:2023-12-26
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52378473)
中国国家铁路集团有限公司重大项目(K2022G014)
中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2023JBZY029)
国家铁路局基础研究项目(2021JS011)
作者信息
    1.北京交通大学 土木建筑工程学院,北京 100044
    2.北京市轨道交通线路安全与防灾工程技术研究中心,北京 100044
    3.中国铁路经济规划研究院有限公司,北京 100038

通讯作者:

江辉(1977—),男,教授,博士,主要从事桥梁抗震减灾与工程结构减灾研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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