Article(id=1241791685823365461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0201, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1739116800000, receivedDateStr=2025-02-10, revisedDate=1741017600000, revisedDateStr=2025-03-04, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773995809273, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1745424000000, pubDateStr=2025-04-24, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773995809273, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773995809273, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773995809273, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241791680479822062, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773995807999, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996976041, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796579670163949, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796579670163950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241791680479822062, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=1, endPage=13, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241791687413006692, articleId=1241791685823365461, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Unified seismic resilience design approach for urban lifeline engineering systems, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The urban lifeline engineering system, serving as a key infrastructure that ensures the daily lives of residents, the functional operation of the city, the healthy development of the economy, and the long-term stability of society, is the cornerstone of resilient city construction. Research on seismic resilience assessment methods for urban lifeline engineering systems has achieved certain progress both domestically and internationally. However, the seismic resilience design methods for urban lifeline engineering systems remain underdeveloped. This paper expounds on the concept of seismic resilience design for urban lifeline engineering systems and delineates the differences between seismic resilience design for urban lifeline engineering systems and traditional seismic design for individual urban lifeline facilities. The basic framework of seismic resilience design, characterized by the “two dimensions”, is put forward, which ensures the structural seismic safety of individual facilities through the structural safety design of individual facilities, and guarantees the post-earthquake functionality and rapid recovery of the engineering system through the resilience coordinated design among individual facilities. The basic requirements for seismic resilience design, characterized by the “three objectives”, are established, ensuring structural seismic safety of individual facilities, meeting predetermined functionality of individual facilities and the engineering system, and enabling rapid recovery of the engineering system. The key steps of seismic resilience design, characterized by the “four components” are proposed, which include determining the seismic resilience goals for the engineering system, structural safety design for individual facilities, post-earthquake functionality verification for the engineering system, and identification of technologies and strategies for the rapid recovery of the engineering system. A unified seismic resilience design approach for urban lifeline engineering systems is established. This paper takes a road transportation system as an example to conduct seismic resilience design. The preliminary results validated the rationality and feasibility of the proposed seismic resilience design approach. The design approach enables the transition of seismic design for urban lifeline engineering systems from structural seismic design, which ensures the structural seismic safety of individual facilities, to seismic resilience design, which ensures post-earthquake functionality and rapid recovery of the engineering system. The proposed approach can also provide a practical solution to improve their seismic resilience.

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城市生命线工程系统作为保障居民日常生活、城市功能运行、经济健康发展和社会长治久安的关键基础设施,是韧性城市建设的基石。国内外针对城市生命线工程系统的抗震韧性评价方法研究已取得一定进展,但城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计方法却处于空白状态。文中阐述了城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计的内涵及其与传统单体设施抗震设计之间存在的差异,提出了“两层面”抗震韧性设计基本思路,即通过单体设施的结构安全设计保证单体设施结构抗震安全,通过单体设施之间的韧性协同设计保障工程系统震后功能及快速恢复;建立了“三目标”抗震韧性设计基本要求,包括保证单体设施结构抗震安全,满足单体设施和工程系统预定功能以及工程系统能够快速恢复;提出了“四环节”抗震韧性设计关键步骤,即确定工程系统抗震韧性目标、单体设施结构安全设计、工程系统震后功能验算、制定工程系统功能快速恢复技术与策略,进而建立了城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性统一设计方法。文中以道路交通系统为例,开展了抗震韧性设计,初步验证了提出的抗震韧性设计方法的合理性和可行性。该设计方法可实现城市生命线工程系统的抗震设计,从保障单体设施结构抗震安全的结构抗震设计向保障工程系统震后功能和快速恢复的抗震韧性设计的转变。所提设计方法也能为城市生命线工程系统的抗震韧性提升提供可行思路。

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翟长海(1976—),男,教授,博士,主要从事城市工程抗震韧性与智能防灾方面的研究。E-mail:

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翟长海(1976—),男,教授,博士,主要从事城市工程抗震韧性与智能防灾方面的研究。E-mail:

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翟长海(1976—),男,教授,博士,主要从事城市工程抗震韧性与智能防灾方面的研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802926465810751, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=58, issue=1, pageStart=65, pageEnd=76, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=77, authorNames=王晓伟, 叶爱君, 吴学平, journalName=土木工程学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=王晓伟,叶爱君,吴学平,. 梁式桥抗震韧性评估方法:I.基于专家意见的构件震后功能恢复模型[J]. 土木工程学报, 2025, 58(1): 65-76., articleTitle=梁式桥抗震韧性评估方法:I.基于专家意见的构件震后功能恢复模型, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802926625194325, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2025, volume=58, issue=1, pageStart=65, pageEnd=76, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[54], rfOrder=78, authorNames=WANG Xiaowei, YE Aijun, WU Xueping, journalName=China Civil Engineering Journal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WANG Xiaowei, YE Aijun, WU Xueping, et al. Seismic resilience assessment method for girder bridges: I.Expert opinion-based post-earthquake functionality recovery models of bridge components[J]. China Civil Engineering Journal, 2025, 58(1): 65-76. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Seismic resilience assessment method for girder bridges: I.Expert opinion-based post-earthquake functionality recovery models of bridge components, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802926771994974, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=79, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JTG B01—2014公路工程技术标准[S]. 北京:人民交通出版社,2014., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1241802926918795631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[55], rfOrder=80, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=JTG B01—2014 Technical standard of highway engineering[S]. Beijing: China Communications Press, 2014. 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figureFileSmall=fWzYgRe8OQD6kO7CyYNXeQ==, figureFileBig=w0CO0XIX2Zuj6Wde+WLtjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802904143725265, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=CN, label=图2, caption=道路交通网络拓扑图[53], figureFileSmall=fWzYgRe8OQD6kO7CyYNXeQ==, figureFileBig=w0CO0XIX2Zuj6Wde+WLtjw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802904286331628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Dimension information of bridge B19, figureFileSmall=S6epczGNt7fQM5Zt/CjgPQ==, figureFileBig=Pdj29CqyTsHmGQNXmnm8wA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802904458298121, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=CN, label=图3, caption=桥梁B19的尺寸信息, figureFileSmall=S6epczGNt7fQM5Zt/CjgPQ==, figureFileBig=Pdj29CqyTsHmGQNXmnm8wA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802904609293088, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of traditional seismic design methods for individual facilities and seismic resilience design methods for engineering systems

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别传统单体设施抗震设计方法工程系统抗震韧性设计方法
时间尺度地震发生瞬间地震发生瞬间及震后恢复全过程
设计对象主要关注单体设施结构单体设施和工程系统
设计目标确保单体设施的结构抗震安全在保证单体设施结构抗震安全前提下,通过单体设施之间的韧性协同设计保障工程系统震后功能和快速恢复
), ArticleFig(id=1241802904789648187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

传统单体设施抗震设计方法和工程系统抗震韧性设计方法的对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类别传统单体设施抗震设计方法工程系统抗震韧性设计方法
时间尺度地震发生瞬间地震发生瞬间及震后恢复全过程
设计对象主要关注单体设施结构单体设施和工程系统
设计目标确保单体设施的结构抗震安全在保证单体设施结构抗震安全前提下,通过单体设施之间的韧性协同设计保障工程系统震后功能和快速恢复
), ArticleFig(id=1241802904978391896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Classification standards for seismic resilience levels of urban lifeline engineering systems

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抗震韧性等级分级指标
震后功能损失震后恢复时间
高韧性[0,10%)宜小于7 d
韧性[10%,20%)宜小于30 d
基本韧性[20%,40%)宜小于180 d
低韧性[40%,100%]
), ArticleFig(id=1241802905158746991, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性等级划分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗震韧性等级分级指标
震后功能损失震后恢复时间
高韧性[0,10%)宜小于7 d
韧性[10%,20%)宜小于30 d
基本韧性[20%,40%)宜小于180 d
低韧性[40%,100%]
), ArticleFig(id=1241802905284576126, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Recommended values for seismic resilience goals of urban lifeline engineering systems

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震水准抗震韧性目标
特别重要城市重要城市一般重要城市一般城市
多遇地震高韧性高韧性高韧性韧性
设防地震高韧性高韧性韧性基本韧性
罕遇地震高韧性韧性韧性低韧性
), ArticleFig(id=1241802905452348311, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性目标建议值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震水准抗震韧性目标
特别重要城市重要城市一般重要城市一般城市
多遇地震高韧性高韧性高韧性韧性
设防地震高韧性高韧性韧性基本韧性
罕遇地震高韧性韧性韧性低韧性
), ArticleFig(id=1241802905620120490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Recommended values for seismic resilience goals of urban lifeline individual facilities

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震水准抗震韧性目标
Ⅰ类Ⅱ类Ⅲ类Ⅳ类
多遇地震高韧性高韧性高韧性韧性
设防地震高韧性高韧性韧性基本韧性
罕遇地震高韧性韧性基本韧性低韧性
), ArticleFig(id=1241802905783698370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

城市生命线单体设施抗震韧性目标建议值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震水准抗震韧性目标
Ⅰ类Ⅱ类Ⅲ类Ⅳ类
多遇地震高韧性高韧性高韧性韧性
设防地震高韧性高韧性韧性基本韧性
罕遇地震高韧性韧性基本韧性低韧性
), ArticleFig(id=1241802906056328147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Bridge service function classification

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
桥梁使用功能类别适用范围
Ⅰ类①单跨跨径超过150 m的特大桥
②破坏后会对区域道路交通系统功能造成严重影响的桥梁
Ⅱ类①单跨跨径不超过150 m的高速公路、一级公路上的桥梁
②单跨跨径不超过150 m的二级公路上的特大桥、大桥
③破坏后会对区域道路交通系统功能造成较大影响的桥梁
Ⅲ类①二级公路上的中桥、小桥
②单跨跨径不超过150 m的三、四级公路上的特大桥、大桥
③破坏后会对区域道路交通系统功能造成中等影响的桥梁
Ⅳ类①三、四级公路上的中桥、小桥
②破坏后会对区域道路交通系统功能造成轻微影响的桥梁
), ArticleFig(id=1241802906228294627, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

桥梁使用功能分类

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
桥梁使用功能类别适用范围
Ⅰ类①单跨跨径超过150 m的特大桥
②破坏后会对区域道路交通系统功能造成严重影响的桥梁
Ⅱ类①单跨跨径不超过150 m的高速公路、一级公路上的桥梁
②单跨跨径不超过150 m的二级公路上的特大桥、大桥
③破坏后会对区域道路交通系统功能造成较大影响的桥梁
Ⅲ类①二级公路上的中桥、小桥
②单跨跨径不超过150 m的三、四级公路上的特大桥、大桥
③破坏后会对区域道路交通系统功能造成中等影响的桥梁
Ⅳ类①三、四级公路上的中桥、小桥
②破坏后会对区域道路交通系统功能造成轻微影响的桥梁
), ArticleFig(id=1241802906391872504, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Information of the input ground motions

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号地震事件年份台站地震动分量震级断层距/kmVS30/(m/s)PGA/g
1Imperial Valley-021940El Centro Array #9ELC1806.956.09213.440.432
2Parkfield1966Cholame-Shandon Array #5C053556.199.58289.560.257
3Parkfield1966Cholame-Shandon Array #8C083206.1912.90256.820.583
4Parkfield1966Temblor pre-1969TMB2956.1915.96527.920.419
5San Fernando1971Castaic-Old Ridge RouteORR2916.6119.33450.280.834
6San Fernando1971Lake Hughes #12L120216.6113.99602.100.348
7Managua_ Nicaragua-011972Managua_ ESSOESO0906.243.51288.770.322
8Imperial Valley-061979Calexico Fire StationCXO2256.5310.45231.230.398
9Imperial Valley-061979El Centro Array #10E103206.538.60202.850.297
10Imperial Valley-061979El Centro Array #11E112306.5312.56196.250.257
), ArticleFig(id=1241802906635141135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

地震动输入信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号地震事件年份台站地震动分量震级断层距/kmVS30/(m/s)PGA/g
1Imperial Valley-021940El Centro Array #9ELC1806.956.09213.440.432
2Parkfield1966Cholame-Shandon Array #5C053556.199.58289.560.257
3Parkfield1966Cholame-Shandon Array #8C083206.1912.90256.820.583
4Parkfield1966Temblor pre-1969TMB2956.1915.96527.920.419
5San Fernando1971Castaic-Old Ridge RouteORR2916.6119.33450.280.834
6San Fernando1971Lake Hughes #12L120216.6113.99602.100.348
7Managua_ Nicaragua-011972Managua_ ESSOESO0906.243.51288.770.322
8Imperial Valley-061979Calexico Fire StationCXO2256.5310.45231.230.398
9Imperial Valley-061979El Centro Array #10E103206.538.60202.850.297
10Imperial Valley-061979El Centro Array #11E112306.5312.56196.250.257
), ArticleFig(id=1241802908182839326, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Post-earthquake functionality verification of the bridge

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震水准目标功能损失实际功能损失
E1地震作用<100
E2地震作用<309
), ArticleFig(id=1241802908333834283, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

桥梁的震后功能损失验算

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震水准目标功能损失实际功能损失
E1地震作用<100
E2地震作用<309
), ArticleFig(id=1241802908480634938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Post-earthquake functionality verification of the road transportation system

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地震水准目标功能损失实际功能损失
多遇地震<100
设防地震<202
罕遇地震<206
), ArticleFig(id=1241802908656795721, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241791685823365461, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

道路交通系统的震后功能损失验算

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地震水准目标功能损失实际功能损失
多遇地震<100
设防地震<202
罕遇地震<206
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城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性统一设计方法
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翟长海 1 , 胡杰 1 , 谢礼立 1, 2, 3
地震工程与工程振动 | 2025,45(2): 1-13
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2025, 45(2): 1-13
城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性统一设计方法
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翟长海1 , 胡杰1, 谢礼立1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨工业大学 土木工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090
  • 2.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 3.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 翟长海(1976—),男,教授,博士,主要从事城市工程抗震韧性与智能防灾方面的研究。E-mail:

Unified seismic resilience design approach for urban lifeline engineering systems
Changhai ZHAI1 , Jie HU1, Lili XIE1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
  • 3.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China
出版时间: 2025-04-24 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0201
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城市生命线工程系统作为保障居民日常生活、城市功能运行、经济健康发展和社会长治久安的关键基础设施,是韧性城市建设的基石。国内外针对城市生命线工程系统的抗震韧性评价方法研究已取得一定进展,但城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计方法却处于空白状态。文中阐述了城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计的内涵及其与传统单体设施抗震设计之间存在的差异,提出了“两层面”抗震韧性设计基本思路,即通过单体设施的结构安全设计保证单体设施结构抗震安全,通过单体设施之间的韧性协同设计保障工程系统震后功能及快速恢复;建立了“三目标”抗震韧性设计基本要求,包括保证单体设施结构抗震安全,满足单体设施和工程系统预定功能以及工程系统能够快速恢复;提出了“四环节”抗震韧性设计关键步骤,即确定工程系统抗震韧性目标、单体设施结构安全设计、工程系统震后功能验算、制定工程系统功能快速恢复技术与策略,进而建立了城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性统一设计方法。文中以道路交通系统为例,开展了抗震韧性设计,初步验证了提出的抗震韧性设计方法的合理性和可行性。该设计方法可实现城市生命线工程系统的抗震设计,从保障单体设施结构抗震安全的结构抗震设计向保障工程系统震后功能和快速恢复的抗震韧性设计的转变。所提设计方法也能为城市生命线工程系统的抗震韧性提升提供可行思路。

城市生命线工程系统  /  抗震韧性协同设计  /  抗震韧性目标  /  震后功能验算  /  功能快速恢复

The urban lifeline engineering system, serving as a key infrastructure that ensures the daily lives of residents, the functional operation of the city, the healthy development of the economy, and the long-term stability of society, is the cornerstone of resilient city construction. Research on seismic resilience assessment methods for urban lifeline engineering systems has achieved certain progress both domestically and internationally. However, the seismic resilience design methods for urban lifeline engineering systems remain underdeveloped. This paper expounds on the concept of seismic resilience design for urban lifeline engineering systems and delineates the differences between seismic resilience design for urban lifeline engineering systems and traditional seismic design for individual urban lifeline facilities. The basic framework of seismic resilience design, characterized by the “two dimensions”, is put forward, which ensures the structural seismic safety of individual facilities through the structural safety design of individual facilities, and guarantees the post-earthquake functionality and rapid recovery of the engineering system through the resilience coordinated design among individual facilities. The basic requirements for seismic resilience design, characterized by the “three objectives”, are established, ensuring structural seismic safety of individual facilities, meeting predetermined functionality of individual facilities and the engineering system, and enabling rapid recovery of the engineering system. The key steps of seismic resilience design, characterized by the “four components” are proposed, which include determining the seismic resilience goals for the engineering system, structural safety design for individual facilities, post-earthquake functionality verification for the engineering system, and identification of technologies and strategies for the rapid recovery of the engineering system. A unified seismic resilience design approach for urban lifeline engineering systems is established. This paper takes a road transportation system as an example to conduct seismic resilience design. The preliminary results validated the rationality and feasibility of the proposed seismic resilience design approach. The design approach enables the transition of seismic design for urban lifeline engineering systems from structural seismic design, which ensures the structural seismic safety of individual facilities, to seismic resilience design, which ensures post-earthquake functionality and rapid recovery of the engineering system. The proposed approach can also provide a practical solution to improve their seismic resilience.

urban lifeline engineering systems  /  seismic resilience coordinated design  /  seismic resilience goals  /  post-earthquake functionality verification  /  rapid functional recovery
翟长海, 胡杰, 谢礼立. 城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性统一设计方法. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (2) : 1 -13 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0201
Changhai ZHAI, Jie HU, Lili XIE. Unified seismic resilience design approach for urban lifeline engineering systems[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (2) : 1 -13 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0201
随着全球城市化进程的不断推进,地震等极端自然灾害对城市的影响日益加剧,如何提升城市应对灾害的承受能力和快速恢复能力成为亟待解决的问题。韧性城市建设已经成为保障城市灾害安全和应对城市灾害风险的关键途径[1-2]。近年来,美国和日本等国家相继提出提高国家抗震韧性的计划。我国也从国家战略、科技创新等多个维度推进韧性城市建设,旨在显著提升城市的防灾减灾能力,明确提出要建设和打造韧性城市,着重强调以新型城市基础设施建设为支撑,力争到2030年建成一批高水平韧性城市。韧性城市建设逐渐成为现代城市规划[3]和工程设计[4]的核心理念之一,这也对城市生命线工程系统提出了更高要求。城市生命线工程系统包括交通、供电、供水、排水、供气、通信和医疗等系统,是维持城市正常运转的基础。建设韧性城市不仅要求城市生命线工程系统具备更强的抗灾能力,还要求其具备在灾后迅速恢复关键功能的能力,以确保城市在面对各种灾害风险时的可持续发展。
提高城市关键基础设施和生命线工程系统的韧性水平,已经成为提高城市抗灾韧性能力的核心和关键。城市生命线工程系统在地震中发生破坏,不仅会造成巨大的经济损失,还会影响城市功能的正常运行。例如,交通系统破坏会影响人员和商品的流动,从而破坏经济活动和社会生活的正常秩序,还会导致救援人员和物资难以及时抵达灾区,延迟应急救援工作的开展[5];电力系统损坏会导致关键基础设施(如医院、应急指挥中心等)和其他生命线工程系统(如供水系统、通信系统等)无法正常运行[6];通信系统中断会导致信息传递滞后,应急救援指挥调度难以有效实施,同时在无法及时获取信息的情况下,居民容易产生恐慌情绪,影响社会稳定[7];医疗系统破坏会直接导致紧急救援效率显著降低、伤亡增加、疾病传播风险增大和公共卫生恶化等问题[8]。随着城市规模的不断扩大,城市生命线工程系统的网络规模在不断增长,网络结构日益复杂,工程系统之间的耦合日益紧密。这些特点要求生命线工程系统具有更高的抗震韧性,以确保其能够适应潜在的地震风险[58-9]
目前,大量学者针对各类城市生命线工程系统开展了抗震韧性评价研究,包括交通系统[10-13]、供电系统[14-16]、供排水系统[17-20]、供气系统[21-23]、通信系统[1924-25]和医疗系统[26-31]等。研究方法主要包括基于物理的方法[10-151820-3032]和基于经验的方法[16-171931]两大类。基于物理的抗震韧性评价方法以生命线工程系统地震损伤的物理机制为基础,首先确定单体设施的地震损伤和功能损失,再通过复杂网络分析[10-122123-2527-2830]、仿真分析[132629]、电力潮流分析[14]和水力分析[182022]等方法量化生命线工程系统的功能损失,并分析生命线工程系统恢复过程中的剩余功能演化趋势,最后对生命线工程系统的抗震韧性进行评价。基于经验的抗震韧性评价方法通过分析结构抗震性能等工程因素和经济、社会、管理等非工程因素对抗震韧性的影响,建立生命线工程系统的抗震韧性评价指标体系,再通过实际震害调查[1619]、专家问卷调查[31]等方法实现抗震韧性的定量评估。
各国正在积极研发城市生命线工程系统的抗震韧性评价规范和软件平台。由美国国家标准与技术研究院(National Institute of Standards and Technology,NIST)与科罗拉多州立大学的社区韧性规划卓越中心合作研发的跨学科网络化社区韧性建模环境(Interdependent Networked Community Resilience Modeling Environment,IN-CORE)云平台[33],可以用于交通系统、供水系统和供电系统的抗震韧性评价。由哈尔滨工业大学和中国地震局工程力学研究所主编的RISN-TG041—2022《城市工程系统抗震韧性评价导则》[34],提出了基于震后损失和恢复时间的双参数抗震韧性评价方法[35],并基于此给出了交通、供水、排水、燃气、供热、供电、通信和医疗等工程系统的抗震韧性评价流程;在此基础上,哈尔滨工业大学城市基础设施安全与韧性研究中心等单位开发了“城市工程系统抗震韧性评价平台”软件。
目前,城市生命线工程系统的抗震设计局限于单体设施的结构抗震安全设计,系统层面的城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计方法在国内外尚处于空白状态。
本文总结了当前城市生命线单体设施抗震设计的基本思想,阐述了城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计的内涵及其与传统单体设施抗震设计之间存在的差异,明确了城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计的基本思路、基本要求和关键步骤。最后以道路交通系统为例,对本文提出的城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计方法的合理性和可行性进行了初步验证。
我国现行的城市生命线单体设施抗震设计方法[36-40]强调,抗震设计应确保单体设施的结构抗震安全。具体来讲,现行抗震设计规范主要基于单体设施的自身重要性,将单体设施划分为不同的抗震设防类别;进而确定相应的抗震设防标准和设防目标进行抗震设计,以满足单体设施抗震性能的要求。实际震害表明,现有的抗震设计方法基本可以保障单体设施在设定地震作用下的结构安全。
单个单体设施无法独立保障城市功能的正常运行,需要通过多个相互连接的单体设施组成的生命线工程系统来实现。各个单体设施之间具有复杂的关联关系,不仅在物理空间上交织融合,更在功能上深度耦合。传统的城市生命线单体设施抗震设计方法虽然可以保障单体设施的结构抗震安全,但是该方法不能保证在设定地震作用下单体设施达到预定的功能,也无法考虑单体设施之间协同作用以保障生命线工程系统的整体功能,更无法满足生命线工程系统快速恢复的韧性要求。
城市生命线工程系统的抗震韧性可以定义为其在地震发生时维持功能和在地震发生后快速恢复功能的能力。城市生命线工程系统的抗震韧性不仅与单体设施的功能和恢复能力直接相关,还与单体设施之间的协同作用密切相关。城市生命线工程系统的抗震韧性设计应在保证单体设施结构抗震安全及震后功能前提下,通过单体设施之间的韧性协同设计保障工程系统震后功能和快速恢复的要求。
表1总结了城市生命线单体设施传统抗震设计方法和城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计方法之间存在的差异:①时间尺度上,传统单体设施抗震设计聚焦于地震发生瞬间,而工程系统抗震韧性设计则涵盖了地震发生瞬间和震后恢复的全过程;②设计对象上,传统单体设施抗震设计主要关注单体设施结构,而工程系统抗震韧性设计同时关注单体设施和工程系统;③设计目标上,传统单体设施抗震设计的目标是确保单体设施的结构抗震安全,而工程系统抗震韧性设计的目标是在保证单体设施结构抗震安全前提下,通过单体设施之间的韧性协同设计保障工程系统震后功能和快速恢复的要求。
城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计的基本思路可以概括为从单体设施和工程系统“两层面”入手,通过单体设施的结构安全设计和单体设施之间的韧性协同设计,达到设定地震作用下保证单体设施结构抗震安全、满足单体设施和工程系统预定功能、工程系统能够快速恢复的“三目标”工程系统抗震韧性设计基本要求。生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计的基本要求具体如下:
1)保证单体设施结构抗震安全。保证单体设施结构的抗震安全是工程系统满足预定功能和能够快速恢复的基础。应依据GB 55002—2021《建筑与市政工程抗震通用规范》[36]等现行抗震设计规范对单体设施结构进行抗震设计,确保单体设施结构的抗震安全。
2)满足单体设施和工程系统预定功能。生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计要从单体设施和工程系统两个层面出发,在单体设施结构抗震安全的基础上,通过单体设施之间的韧性协同设计来保证单体设施和工程系统均满足预定功能要求。
3)工程系统能够快速恢复。城市震后应急救援和功能恢复高度依赖于生命线工程系统,要求生命线工程系统具备震后快速恢复的能力。在进行生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计时,应制定功能快速恢复技术与策略,确保工程系统能够快速恢复。
需要强调的是,城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计与传统单体设施抗震设计的核心区别在于单体设施之间的韧性协同,主要体现在韧性目标、震后功能及恢复过程三方面的协同,以确保工程系统的抗震韧性水平。韧性目标的协同是指不同单体设施基于其自身重要性及其在生命线工程系统中的重要性,协同制定单体设施的抗震韧性目标;震后功能的协同是指综合考虑单体设施之间的功能关联及其对工程系统功能的影响,以满足工程系统的预定功能;恢复过程的协同是指根据单体设施的重要性、受损程度及单体设施恢复过程对工程系统功能的影响程度来确定单体设施的恢复顺序,使得工程系统能够快速恢复。
根据城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计的基本思路和要求,城市生命线工程系统的抗震韧性设计可以按照以下步骤进行:首先,应制定工程系统的抗震韧性目标;其次,进行单体设施的结构安全设计,以保证单体设施的结构抗震安全;最后,通过单体设施之间的韧性协同设计,并进行工程系统韧性验算以保障工程系统满足预定功能和快速恢复的要求。
从概念上讲,生命线工程系统的抗震韧性由工程系统的震后功能和恢复时间共同决定,前者取决于单体设施的抗震能力和单体设施之间的协同作用,后者与资源调度、组织管理等外部因素密切相关。这导致控制工程系统震后功能损失和恢复时间的措施完全不同,前者主要通过增强单体设施的抗震能力来应对,是提升工程系统抗震韧性的根本措施;后者通过优化资源调度和组织管理来应对,是提升工程系统抗震韧性的辅助措施,两者在抗震韧性设计过程中应区别对待。生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计过程中应以震后功能为核心指标、以恢复时间为辅助指标,这符合我国“坚持以防为主、防灾抗灾救灾相结合”和“从注重灾后救助向注重灾前预防转变”的防灾减灾战略需求。本文通过单体设施的结构安全设计、单体设施之间的韧性协同设计以及工程系统震后功能验算保证工程系统在设定地震作用下满足预定功能,抗震设计过程中应严格执行;通过概念设计达到工程系统快速恢复的目标,抗震设计过程中可适当放松要求。
除单体设施的抗震能力和单体设施之间的协同作用外,工程系统的抗震韧性还取决于网络拓扑结构[41-43]。在规划和初始设计阶段,设计者已综合考虑地理条件、建设成本、服务需求与用户分布等多重因素,确定了工程系统的网络拓扑结构。因此,在抗震韧性设计阶段,不宜仅为了提升工程系统的抗震韧性而对网络拓扑结构进行大规模优化,而应通过增强单体设施的协同抗震能力来提升工程系统的韧性,实现更合理的工程系统抗震韧性设计。
综上所述,本文提出的“四环节”工程系统抗震韧性设计关键步骤可概括为:工程系统抗震韧性目标的确定、单体设施结构安全设计、工程系统震后功能验算以及工程系统功能快速恢复技术与策略的制定,如图1所示。
制定合理的抗震韧性目标是工程系统抗震韧性设计的基础,将为后续工程系统的抗震韧性设计提供明确的依据,包括确定工程系统抗震韧性目标和单体设施抗震韧性目标两部分。
本文根据城市生命线工程系统的震后功能水平和震后恢复能力,将工程系统的抗震韧性划分为高韧性、韧性、基本韧性和低韧性4个等级,如表2所示。在确定工程系统的抗震韧性等级时,主要依据工程系统的震后功能损失,而工程系统的震后恢复时间作为划分韧性等级的参考。这是因为如前文所述,控制工程系统的震后功能损失是实现其抗震韧性的根本措施,而控制其恢复时间是辅助措施。城市生命线工程系统的恢复时间指的是工程系统从震后受损状态恢复到正常功能状态所需的时间,恢复时间受到工程系统损伤程度、恢复方案实施效率和恢复资源可用性等多种因素的影响。表2给出的恢复时间仅为工程系统的快速恢复提供参考。本节给出的抗震韧性分级建议值,是通过综合分析工程系统的抗震韧性评价结果[10-12182426-3044]确定的。
工程系统的抗震韧性目标与所在城市的可接受韧性水平密切相关。城市的可接受韧性水平由人口规模和密度以及城市的综合重要性等因素共同决定。表3给出了不同水准地震作用下不同重要性等级城市中的工程系统的抗震韧性目标建议值。本文根据城市的可接受韧性水平将城市划分为特别重要城市、重要城市、一般重要城市和一般城市四类,定义为①特别重要城市:人口规模大、密度高,承担全国性的经济和社会职能,是国家政治、经济和文化中心。②重要城市:人口规模较大,密度较高,承担区域性的经济和社会职能,是区域政治、经济和文化中心。③一般重要城市:人口规模适中、密度较低,主要承担区域性经济和社会职能,发挥区域性支撑作用。④一般城市:人口规模小、密度低,承担地方性经济和社会职能,发挥地方性支撑作用。
在确定单体设施抗震韧性目标时,除了单体设施自身的重要性,还需要考虑单体设施在生命线工程系统中的重要性,以考虑单体设施之间在韧性目标上的协同。
单体设施的使用功能类别由单体设施自身的重要性及其在生命线工程系统中的重要性确定。单体设施自身的重要性是指单体设施在独立使用状态下体现的重要性,由单体设施的规模、功能以及可能造成的灾害后果等因素决定。单体设施在生命线工程系统中的重要性是指单体设施对工程系统功能的影响程度,由单体设施之间的协同作用决定,可划分为严重影响、较大影响、中等影响和轻微影响4个等级。4个等级的划分标准建议为单体设施在生命线工程系统中的重要性分别位于前[0,5%]、前(5%,20%]、前(20%,50%]和前(50%,100%]。可以采用介数中心性[45]、概率重要性指数[46]、功能重要性系数[27]等方法量化单体设施在生命线工程系统中的重要性。
本文将单体设施划分为Ⅰ类、Ⅱ类、Ⅲ类和Ⅳ类4个使用功能类别:①Ⅰ类:涉及国家公共安全、地震时可能发生严重次生灾害等特别重大灾害后果的单体设施,破坏后对工程系统功能造成严重影响。②Ⅱ类:使用功能不能中断或需尽快恢复、可能造成大量人员伤亡等重大灾害后果的单体设施,破坏后对工程系统功能造成较大影响。③Ⅲ类:指Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ类以外的单体设施,破坏后对工程系统功能造成中等影响。④Ⅳ类:震损不致产生次生灾害的单体设施,破坏后对工程系统功能造成轻微影响。
本文根据单体设施的结构抗震安全性、震后功能水平和震后恢复能力3个指标,将单体设施划分为以下4个抗震韧性等级:
1)高韧性:单体设施结构基本完好或轻微破坏,且单体设施的震后功能损失为[0,10%];高韧性单体设施的恢复时间宜小于12 h。
2)韧性:单体设施结构基本完好或轻微破坏,且单体设施的震后功能损失为(10%,30%];韧性单体设施的恢复时间宜小于72 h。
3)基本韧性:单体设施结构基本完好或轻微破坏,且单体设施的震后功能损失为(30%,50%];基本韧性单体设施的恢复时间宜小于7 d。
4)低韧性:单体设施结构中等破坏、严重破坏或完全破坏,或震后功能损失为(50%,100%]。
与工程系统类似,在确定单体设施的抗震韧性等级时,主要依据的是单体设施的结构安全性和震后功能水平,不严格限制单体设施的恢复时间。上述单体设施抗震韧性分级建议值是综合不同类型单体设施的抗震韧性评价结果[47-50]初步给出的。
表4给出了单体设施的抗震韧性目标建议值。
鉴于生命线单体设施和工程系统的复杂性,单体设施或工程系统的抗震韧性分级和抗震韧性目标可以在本文给出的建议值的基础上,结合更全面、具有针对性的韧性评价结果和震害数据加以更新。
城市生命线单体设施的结构安全设计是城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计的基础。应依据GB 55002—2021《建筑与市政工程抗震通用规范》[36]等现行抗震设计规范对单体设施结构进行概念设计和计算设计,以确保单体设施结构的抗震安全。
工程系统震后功能验算分2个步骤:单体设施震后功能验算和工程系统震后功能验算,以确保单体设施和工程系统均满足预定的功能目标。
针对单体设施非结构构件和设备等的特性,注重其整体协同性和次生灾害防控能力,通过合理布局、冗余性设计和构造加强等措施,保证非结构构件和设备等要素维持功能和快速恢复的能力。辅以地震响应分析、连接件强度分析和抗倾覆分析等手段[51-53],确保非结构构件和设备等在地震作用下的功能可靠性。在完成单体设施结构安全设计以及非结构构件和设备等要素抗震韧性概念设计后,需对单体设施进行震后功能验算,具体可参考文献[44754]给出的方法。如果单体设施的震后功能不满足预定功能目标,需要对单体设施进行再设计,直到单体设施的震后功能满足预定的功能目标。
在完成单体设施震后功能验算后,需要验算工程系统的震后功能。计算设定地震作用下工程系统的震后功能,如果工程系统的震后功能不满足预定功能目标,需要在考虑单体设施之间协同作用的基础上,针对各个单体设施进行再设计。通过反复迭代的单体设施协同设计过程,直到工程系统的震后功能满足预定目标。工程系统的震后功能评价方法可参考RISN-TG041—2022《城市工程系统抗震韧性评价导则》[34]
除了保证工程系统的震后功能外,抗震韧性设计还要求工程系统在震后能够快速恢复功能。工程系统的恢复时间和恢复效率取决于单体设施的修复技术、工程系统功能恢复策略以及修复资源配置和调度情况,其中修复资源配置和调度情况取决于政策支持、政府指挥与决策等组织管理因素,需要因地制宜加以考虑。单体设施修复技术的选用以及工程系统功能恢复策略的制定可遵循以下基本原则:
1)单体设施功能快速恢复技术:对于受损的结构和非结构构件,可采用预制构件替换、碳纤维加固、纤维增强复合材料加固、喷射混凝土加固等技术提高修复速度;对于设备,可采用备用设备(如备用发电机、备用水泵、临时通信基站)、功能降级运行、快速安装等手段保证功能恢复效率。按照先结构构件、后非结构构件和设备的顺序进行修复,并优先修复对单体设施功能影响大的结构构件、非结构构件或设备。
2)工程系统功能快速恢复策略:应在考虑单体设施功能的重要性和单体设施之间协同作用的基础上制定恢复策略,优先修复对工程系统功能影响大的单体设施,提高工程系统的恢复效率[10182744]
需要指出的是,提升城市生命线工程系统的抗震韧性,实质上是一个对既有生命线工程系统中单体设施抗震能力进行协同提升的过程,包括工程系统抗震韧性提升目标的确定、单体设施结构加固安全设计、工程系统震后功能验算和恢复策略制定等关键步骤,与生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计的基本思想和关键步骤相同。因此,本文提出的抗震韧性设计方法也可为生命线工程系统的抗震韧性提升提供可行思路。
某城市中心城区的道路交通网络拓扑结构如图2所示,由188个节点和313个路段组成,其中包含25座简支梁桥[46],本算例假定桥梁是网络中唯一的易损组件[10],其中编号为B19的桥梁(简称桥梁B19)为二级公路简支梁桥,上部结构采用3×30 m预制小箱梁,下部结构采用圆柱墩-桩基础,桥墩采用直径为1.8 m的双圆柱墩,墩高20 m,单个墩柱下设一根直径为2 m的钻孔灌注桩;采用普通矩形橡胶支座,支座平面尺寸为350 mm×550 mm,总厚度99 mm。该桥梁尺寸如图3所示。该桥梁为中桥[55],抗震设防类别为C类[38],抗震设防烈度为8度,基本地震动峰值加速度为0.2 g,特征周期为0.4 s,设计地震分组为第1组,场地类别为Ⅱ类。
该道路交通系统所在城市属于一般重要城市。根据3.1.1节给出的工程系统抗震韧性目标的建议值,该道路交通系统的抗震韧性设计目标是:在多遇地震作用下处于高韧性、在设防地震和罕遇地震作用下均处于韧性。
根据3.1.2节给出的单体设施使用功能类别划分标准,结合JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》[38]给出的桥梁抗震设防类别,将桥梁划分为4个使用功能类别,具体如表5所示。
地震发生后道路交通系统的最主要功能是保证灾区和外界的连通性,以确保救援、疏散和物资供应等环节的顺畅进行[12]。因此,本算例中通过桥梁所在路段的介数中心性[45]量化桥梁在道路交通系统中的重要性。路段b的介数中心性cb)通过式(1)计算:
式中:V为道路交通系统的节点集合;σst为从节点s到节点t的最短路径数量,路段的权重为路段的长度;σstb)为从节点s到节点t的最短路径中包含路段b的路径数量。介数中心性越高的路段,对道路交通系统连通性的影响越大。经计算,桥梁B19所在路段的介数中心性排名为前6.7%,该桥梁破坏后会对区域道路交通系统功能造成较大影响。同时,该桥梁为二级公路上的中桥。如表5所示,该桥梁的使用功能类别为Ⅱ类。由表可知,在确定该桥梁的使用功能类别时,桥梁在道路交通系统中的重要性占据了主导地位。如果按照传统抗震设计方法仅依据桥梁的自身重要性确定设防类别,就很可能导致道路交通系统对该桥梁震后功能的实际需求难以得到满足。根据表4,该桥梁的抗震韧性设计目标是:在E1地震作用下处于高韧性,在E2地震作用下处于韧性。
根据JTG/T 2231-01—2020《公路桥梁抗震设计规范》[38]对桥梁B19结构进行设计,预制箱梁、盖梁、圆形墩柱和柱间系梁、桩基础的混凝土强度等级分别为C50、C45、C40、C30,钢筋级别为HRB400。挑选了10条地震动记录(表6),其峰值地震动加速度(peak ground acceleration,PGA)被调幅至0.086 g(E1地震作用)和0.26 g(E2地震作用)。本算例主要考虑桥墩和支座的破坏,梁式桥构件的破坏等级定义参考了文献[54]。基于OpenSees软件建立桥梁非线性有限元分析模型,分别采用Concrete01和Reinforcing Steel模型模拟混凝土和钢筋的力学行为,采用零长度单元模拟支座。非线性时程分析结果表明,E1地震和E2地震作用下墩柱最大位移角的平均值分别为0.12%、0.37%,残余位移角的平均值分别为0.01%、0.02%,板式支座的残余位移的平均值分别为0、0.3 cm。根据文献[54],E1地震作用下桥梁墩柱和板式支座均处于基本完好状态,E2地震作用下桥梁墩柱和板式支座分别处于基本完好和轻微破坏状态,满足该桥梁抗震韧性设计目标中对结构抗震安全的要求。
对桥梁中伸缩缝进行抗震韧性概念设计,使用具有能量耗散特性的弹性材料(如橡胶、聚氨酯等)作为伸缩缝填充物,设置防止伸缩缝发生过大位移的限位装置。本算例采用文献[54]中提出的梁式桥抗震韧性评估方法计算桥梁的震后功能。桥梁各构件均处于基本完好状态时,认为桥梁无功能损失。桥梁B19的震后功能损失评估结果如表7所示,可以看出E1地震和E2地震作用下桥梁的功能损失均满足目标功能损失的要求。
采用RISN-TG041—2022《城市工程系统抗震韧性评价导则》[34]中规定的交通系统震后应急阶段功能评价方法计算道路交通系统的震后功能。该道路交通系统的震后功能损失评估结果如表8所示。由表可知,不同水准地震作用下该道路交通系统的震后功能损失均满足目标功能损失的要求。
在桥梁层面,采用移动检测设备等损伤快速检测和评估技术对桥梁结构和非结构构件的损伤程度进行检查,据此采用模块化修复技术快速替换受损的桥面板、支座和伸缩缝等,并使用适当的快速加固技术。在系统层面,应根据桥梁的功能重要性制定道路交通系统的恢复策略[10],以满足道路交通系统功能快速恢复的要求。
本文总结了当前城市生命线单体设施抗震设计的基本思想,阐述了城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计的内涵及其与传统单体设施抗震设计之间存在的差异,提出了交通、供电、供水、排水、供气、通信和医疗等城市生命线工程系统的抗震韧性统一设计方法,得出如下主要结论:
1)提出了通过单体设施的结构安全设计保证单体设施结构抗震安全、通过单体设施之间的韧性协同设计保障工程系统震后功能和快速恢复的“两层面”抗震韧性设计基本思路,建立了保证单体设施结构抗震安全、满足单体设施和工程系统预定功能以及工程系统能够快速恢复的“三目标”抗震韧性设计基本要求;提出了确定工程系统抗震韧性目标、单体设施结构安全设计、工程系统震后功能验算、制定工程系统功能快速恢复技术与策略的“四环节”抗震韧性设计关键步骤。
2)城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计与传统单体设施抗震设计的核心区别在于单体设施之间的韧性协同,主要体现在韧性目标、震后功能及恢复过程三方面的协同,以确保工程系统的抗震韧性水平。
3)生命线工程系统的抗震韧性由工程系统的震后功能和恢复时间共同决定,前者取决于单体设施的抗震能力和单体设施之间的协同作用,后者与资源调度、组织管理等外部因素密切相关。前者主要通过增强单体设施的抗震能力来应对,是提升工程系统抗震韧性的根本措施,抗震设计过程中应严格执行;后者通过优化资源调度和组织管理来应对,是提升工程系统抗震韧性的辅助措施。生命线工程系统抗震韧性设计过程中应以震后功能为核心指标、以恢复时间为辅助指标,通过概念设计达到工程系统快速恢复的目标,抗震设计过程中可适当放松要求。
4)以道路交通系统为例,进行了抗震韧性设计,初步验证了提出的抗震韧性设计方法的合理性和可行性。设计结果表明,该设计方法可实现城市生命线工程系统从保障单体设施结构抗震安全向保障工程系统震后功能和快速恢复的转变。
5)由于城市生命线工程系统抗震韧性提升的基本思想和关键步骤与其抗震韧性设计方法基本相同,因此,本文提出的抗震韧性设计方法也可为城市生命线工程系统的抗震韧性提升提供可行思路。
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2025年第45卷第2期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0201
  • 接收时间:2025-02-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-04-24
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  • 收稿日期:2025-02-10
  • 修回日期:2025-03-04
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国家自然科学基金重大项目课题(52494963)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC3805100)
作者信息
    1.哈尔滨工业大学 土木工程学院,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090
    2.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
    3.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室,黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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