Article(id=1241786732572644324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0122, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1698681600000, receivedDateStr=2023-10-31, revisedDate=1704211200000, revisedDateStr=2024-01-03, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773994628326, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773994628326, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773994628326, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994628326, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241786727631754095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='235', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773994627149, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996954801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=217, endPage=228, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241786732887217135, articleId=1241786732572644324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Experimental study on flexural behavior of damaged beams strengthened with ultra-high performance concrete, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to study the mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC)-reinforced damaged specimens, a total of 10 UHPC-reinforced damaged reinforced concrete beams were designed. These beams were subjected to a four-point bending performance test to study the crack development, damage pattern, load carrying capacity, and displacement of UHPC-reinforced reinforced concrete beams under bending. The effects of different reinforcement thicknesses and different reinforcement methods on the bending performance of UHPC-reinforced damaged RC beams were analyzed. The experimental study shows that the load carrying capacity of UHPC-reinforced damaged RC beams is greatly improved, and the ultimate load is improved by up to 194%.The number of cracks that occur when damage occurs is more than that of the original beams, and the development is more complete; the ductility is greatly improved compared with the original beams, and the displacement ductility coefficients of the reinforced beams are considered to be increased by 49.77%~178.31% compared with that of the original beams. The calculation method and basic assumptions of the ultimate load of the UHPC-reinforced concrete beams are proposed, and the test parameters are substituted into the formula. The results are more consistent with the test values, indicating that the proposed formula can effectively predict the ultimate load of such reinforced beams.

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为研究超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)加固受损试件的力学性能,共设计10根UHPC加固受损钢筋混凝土梁,通过四点弯曲性能试验,研究UHPC加固钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)梁受弯的裂缝开展情况、破坏形态、承载能力和位移,分析了不同加固厚度、不同加固方式对UHPC加固受损RC梁的受弯性能影响。研究结果表明:UHPC加固受损RC梁的承载能力有极大的提升,峰值荷载最高提升194%;发生破坏时的裂缝较原梁数目多且发展较完全;延性较原梁有很大的提升,其中加固梁相较于原梁的位移延性系数增大了49.77%~178.31%;提出了UHPC加固混凝土梁峰值荷载计算方法及基本假定,将试验参数代入公式,结果与试验值较为吻合,表明所提出的计算公式可以有效地预测此类加固梁的峰值荷载。

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寇佳亮(1979—),男,教授,博士,主要从事高性能纤维混凝土力学性能研究。E-mail:

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寇佳亮(1979—),男,教授,博士,主要从事高性能纤维混凝土力学性能研究。E-mail:

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寇佳亮(1979—),男,教授,博士,主要从事高性能纤维混凝土力学性能研究。E-mail:

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Reinforced beam design parameters

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梁编号加固厚度/mm截面面积/mm纵筋直径/mm箍筋直径/mm钢筋网直径/mm
A00100×200128
A1010120×200128
A1515130×200128
A2020140×200128
B1010120×2001286
B1515130×2001286
B2020140×2001286
C1010120×200148
C1515130×200148
C2020140×200148
), ArticleFig(id=1241802954722836817, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786732572644324, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

加固梁设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
梁编号加固厚度/mm截面面积/mm纵筋直径/mm箍筋直径/mm钢筋网直径/mm
A00100×200128
A1010120×200128
A1515130×200128
A2020140×200128
B1010120×2001286
B1515130×2001286
B2020140×2001286
C1010120×200148
C1515130×200148
C2020140×200148
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Comparison of loads before and after reinforcement

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试件编号Pc/kNPm/kNPc/kNPm/kNPc/PcPm/Pmρ/%
U0-118.670.133.4120.01.771.711.26
U10-118.272.537.2165.42.032.281.05
U10-220.476.642.5200.72.062.621.31
U10-332.299.645.3185.61.401.861.43
U15-121.272.941.3205.91.932.820.97
U15-222.575.444.6210.71.962.791.21
U15-331.6102.350.4220.81.581.961.32
U20-122.573.045.2214.22.002.940.90
U20-221.478.952.3235.22.432.921.12
U20-333.2100.160.4245.31.812.231.22
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加固前后荷载对比

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试件编号Pc/kNPm/kNPc/kNPm/kNPc/PcPm/Pmρ/%
U0-118.670.133.4120.01.771.711.26
U10-118.272.537.2165.42.032.281.05
U10-220.476.642.5200.72.062.621.31
U10-332.299.645.3185.61.401.861.43
U15-121.272.941.3205.91.932.820.97
U15-222.575.444.6210.71.962.791.21
U15-331.6102.350.4220.81.581.961.32
U20-122.573.045.2214.22.002.940.90
U20-221.478.952.3235.22.432.921.12
U20-333.2100.160.4245.31.812.231.22
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Comparison of displacement and displacement coefficient before and after reinforcement

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试件编号Δy′/mmΔu′/mmμΔy/mmΔu/mmμΔu′/Δuμ/(μ-μ′))/%
U0-16.7212.721.895.7225.254.411.99133.56
U10-16.8311.831.735.8328.074.812.37178.31
U10-27.0212.021.716.8721.343.111.7881.65
U10-35.658.651.536.2518.292.932.1191.27
U15-16.7411.741.745.7425.434.432.17154.62
U15-26.8711.271.646.8719.342.821.7271.65
U15-35.218.211.585.8118.553.192.26102.07
U20-17.0412.041.716.0419.533.231.6289.09
U20-26.5512.551.926.3518.262.881.4549.77
U20-35.868.861.515.7616.312.831.8487.52
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加固前后位移及位移系数对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号Δy′/mmΔu′/mmμΔy/mmΔu/mmμΔu′/Δuμ/(μ-μ′))/%
U0-16.7212.721.895.7225.254.411.99133.56
U10-16.8311.831.735.8328.074.812.37178.31
U10-27.0212.021.716.8721.343.111.7881.65
U10-35.658.651.536.2518.292.932.1191.27
U15-16.7411.741.745.7425.434.432.17154.62
U15-26.8711.271.646.8719.342.821.7271.65
U15-35.218.211.585.8118.553.192.26102.07
U20-17.0412.041.716.0419.533.231.6289.09
U20-26.5512.551.926.3518.262.881.4549.77
U20-35.868.861.515.7616.312.831.8487.52
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Comparison of calculated and experimental values

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试件编号试验值Pu/kN计算值Pc/kN对比值
U0-1120.0124.181.03
U10-1165.4176.031.06
U10-2200.7194.380.97
U10-3185.6202.421.09
U15-1205.9203.320.99
U15-2210.7221.551.05
U15-3220.8229.551.04
U20-1214.2231.541.08
U20-2235.2249.681.06
U20-3245.3257.641.05
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计算值与试验值对比

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试件编号试验值Pu/kN计算值Pc/kN对比值
U0-1120.0124.181.03
U10-1165.4176.031.06
U10-2200.7194.380.97
U10-3185.6202.421.09
U15-1205.9203.320.99
U15-2210.7221.551.05
U15-3220.8229.551.04
U20-1214.2231.541.08
U20-2235.2249.681.06
U20-3245.3257.641.05
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超高性能混凝土加固受损钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究
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寇佳亮 1, 2 , 温江 1 , 齐悦 1 , 周恒 3
地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025,45(1): 217-228
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地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025, 45(1): 217-228
超高性能混凝土加固受损钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究
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寇佳亮1, 2 , 温江1, 齐悦1, 周恒3
作者信息
  • 1.西安理工大学 土木建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
  • 2.西安理工大学 省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710048
  • 3.中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710065
  • 寇佳亮(1979—),男,教授,博士,主要从事高性能纤维混凝土力学性能研究。E-mail:

Experimental study on flexural behavior of damaged beams strengthened with ultra-high performance concrete
Jialiang KOU1, 2 , Jiang WEN1, Yue QI1, Heng ZHOU3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
  • 3.Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Power China, Xi’an 710065, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0122
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为研究超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)加固受损试件的力学性能,共设计10根UHPC加固受损钢筋混凝土梁,通过四点弯曲性能试验,研究UHPC加固钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)梁受弯的裂缝开展情况、破坏形态、承载能力和位移,分析了不同加固厚度、不同加固方式对UHPC加固受损RC梁的受弯性能影响。研究结果表明:UHPC加固受损RC梁的承载能力有极大的提升,峰值荷载最高提升194%;发生破坏时的裂缝较原梁数目多且发展较完全;延性较原梁有很大的提升,其中加固梁相较于原梁的位移延性系数增大了49.77%~178.31%;提出了UHPC加固混凝土梁峰值荷载计算方法及基本假定,将试验参数代入公式,结果与试验值较为吻合,表明所提出的计算公式可以有效地预测此类加固梁的峰值荷载。

超高性能混凝土  /  加固试件  /  受弯性能  /  承载能力  /  本构模型

In order to study the mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC)-reinforced damaged specimens, a total of 10 UHPC-reinforced damaged reinforced concrete beams were designed. These beams were subjected to a four-point bending performance test to study the crack development, damage pattern, load carrying capacity, and displacement of UHPC-reinforced reinforced concrete beams under bending. The effects of different reinforcement thicknesses and different reinforcement methods on the bending performance of UHPC-reinforced damaged RC beams were analyzed. The experimental study shows that the load carrying capacity of UHPC-reinforced damaged RC beams is greatly improved, and the ultimate load is improved by up to 194%.The number of cracks that occur when damage occurs is more than that of the original beams, and the development is more complete; the ductility is greatly improved compared with the original beams, and the displacement ductility coefficients of the reinforced beams are considered to be increased by 49.77%~178.31% compared with that of the original beams. The calculation method and basic assumptions of the ultimate load of the UHPC-reinforced concrete beams are proposed, and the test parameters are substituted into the formula. The results are more consistent with the test values, indicating that the proposed formula can effectively predict the ultimate load of such reinforced beams.

ultra-high performance concrete  /  strengthened specimens  /  flexural behavior  /  bearing capacity  /  constitutive model
寇佳亮, 温江, 齐悦, 周恒. 超高性能混凝土加固受损钢筋混凝土梁受弯性能试验研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (1) : 217 -228 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0122
Jialiang KOU, Jiang WEN, Yue QI, Heng ZHOU. Experimental study on flexural behavior of damaged beams strengthened with ultra-high performance concrete[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (1) : 217 -228 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0122
建筑结构中钢筋混凝土梁作为主要的受力构件之一,随着时间的推移,受自然灾害等外部因素的影响,不可避免地会出现各种各样的损伤和破坏,影响其正常使用,受损或破坏的梁可能会导致在梁的支撑点或者连接处出现撞击力,从而导致支撑点和连接处的承载能力减弱。如果这些部位无法承受相应的荷载,结构的稳定性就会受到影响。此外,受损或破坏的梁也可能会导致结构的刚度和弹性变差,这可能会导致结构的振动或变形增大,从而影响到其整体的力学性能[1-3]。因此,对其采用合理的加固方式对震损梁显得尤为重要[4]
超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)是一种新型水泥基复合材料[5-7],由美国国家科学基金会于1989年研发。其设计原理基于最大堆积密度理论,旨在以最佳比例形成最紧密的堆积,确保组成材料不同粒径颗粒间隙得到填充。此理论通过将毫米级骨料与微米级水泥、粉煤灰和矿粉以及亚微米级硅灰以最优比例混合,以实现对颗粒间隙的最优填充。此外,还可加入聚乙烯纤维或钢纤维来提高材料的延性和强度。通过利用UHPC加固受损混凝土梁,可以恢复和提升原有结构的承载能力和抗震性能,并且对原有结构的抗压性能、弹性模量和耐久性能等方面都有很大的提升。
CHEN等[8]采用UHPC分别对不同类型的砌体模型拱进行加固,对UHPC层的收缩性能进行试验研究。结果表明,UHPC层收缩应变时变曲线不仅与材料特性有关,还与外界环境温度变化呈负相关。MARTÍN-SANZ等[9]对4个试件进行室内试验,开发了一种新的超高性能钢筋混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete reinforced concrete,UHPCRC)和钢筋混凝土T梁的分析模型,并通过有限元(finite element,FE)模拟进行了验证。GRAYBEAL[10]使用圆柱体UHPC进行单轴抗压试验。结果分析表明,UHPC混凝土表现出优异的抗压强度和增强的刚度并提出强度与时间的预测方程,以及弹性模量作为压缩强的函数。LAMPROPOULOS等[11]对钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)梁采用UHPC三面夹套加固,发现UHPCRC的承载能力、延性都表现出优越的性能,并通过有限元模拟分析,验证了其可靠性。NGUYEN等[12]通过盐溶液对RC梁进行锈蚀,再使用UHPC对其进行加固后进行抗弯试验,研究表明加固梁的强度、刚度、延性均明显提升,强度分别约为未锈蚀和锈蚀RC梁的2.35倍和2.52倍。WEI等[13]采用半球形和楔形压头的落锤冲击有UHPC加固和无UHPC加固的梁试件,试验结果表明,UHPC套筒提高了结构的抗冲击性能。当冲击质量为411 kg、冲击速度为4.95 m/s时,与RC对照试件相比,RC-UHPC试件的最大挠度和残余挠度分别降低了15.3%和21.1%。
张阳玺等[14]对RC柱采用UHPC围套加固后进行拟静力试验,研究表明,加固后的破坏形态明显改善,损伤程度明显降低,承载能力较未加固柱提高了41.1%~65.8%,极限点的耗能能力提高96.2%~362.7%。位三栋等[15]对砖砌体承重墙采用UHPC进行加固,在拟静力试验下,研究表明,UHPC加固的无损伤砖砌体承载力和刚度分别提高了130%和216%,但压剪破坏模式改变,在底部连接处均发生水平通缝破坏。张哲等[16]考虑纤维掺量和形状的影响,对掺混合纤维的UHPC进行了轴拉试验。将4种含不同纤维掺量的UHPC材料的轴拉性能进行了对比分析。研究表明:当钢纤维掺量由2%增至3.5%时,可视初裂应变增加201%。袁晟等[17]使用UHPC加固受损严重主梁的混凝土斜拉桥节段模型试验研究,研究加固后斜拉桥体系的受力性能。试验结果表明:UHPC加固协同工作性能良好,UHPC加固层与原混凝土间黏结良好;加固后,主梁开裂荷载较原未损伤主梁提升了79.9%,且UHPC层裂缝呈现数量多、间隙小及宽度细的特征,并可有效抑制原主梁裂缝发展,说明受拉区加固层显著提高了加固后主梁的抗裂性能。
为进一步研究UHPC加固RC梁的受弯性能,本文对10根受损RC梁进行增大截面法加固,对加固梁进行四点弯曲试验。研究不同加固层厚度、不同加固方式下试验梁的破坏过程、承载能力、变形能力、刚度及延性,并推导出关于UHPC加固梁峰值荷载的计算公式为实际工程提供试验依据。
加固梁制作方法是:原梁加至峰值荷载后,用电钻将原梁损伤部位进行凿毛处理,并剔除压碎的混凝土,凿毛后尺寸为80 mm×160 mm,按照加固方法,放入制作好的模板中,使用UHPC浇筑至设计尺寸,试件尺寸及配筋图如图1所示。其中UHPC配合比为水∶水泥∶矿渣粉∶硅灰∶石英粉∶砂子∶钢纤维∶减水剂∶粉煤灰=1.00∶2.90∶0.59∶0.73∶0.59∶4.36∶1.09∶0.12∶0.59。
UHPC加固梁通过改变加固厚度和加固方式进行加固,本文将10根试件,按加固方式分成A、B和C这3组,A组只用UHPC加固,将受损梁凿毛处理后进行加固,加固厚度分别为0、10、15、20 mm,其中0 mm为凿毛后加固至原梁尺寸,10、15、20 mm以此类推,B组用高延性混凝土(high ductile concrete,HDC)和钢筋网片加固,UHPC加固厚度分别为10、15、20 mm,钢筋网直径均为6 mm。C组受损梁也仅用HDC加固,但C组纵筋加大为14 mm,加固厚度分别为10、20 mm。具体设计参数见表1
试验采用微机控制电液伺服长柱试验机进行试验,加载装置见图2。长柱试验机上压板通过分配梁加压于试件,下压板抬升进行试验加载,采用加载方式见图3。加载方式分为三部分,首先对试件进行10 kN的预加载,结束后采用等速荷载进行正式加载(加载速度为0.08 kN/s),出现峰值荷载后,采用等速位移进行加载(加载速度为0.2 mm/min)。当试件变形较大或达到峰值荷载的80%时试验结束。
RC梁与UHPC梁在未出现裂缝前为弹性增长阶段,外观无明显变化。随着荷载不断增大,裂缝开始出现和发展,RC梁变化情况基本一致,UHPC加固梁由于加固方式的不同,裂缝的发展和最终情况也不尽相同。
RC梁四点受弯试验中,当荷载达到18.6 kN时,出现首条长度约3.2 cm的裂缝,裂缝出现于离右支座13 cm处,此时,梁位移为1.41 mm。当荷载加载至40.2 kN时,位移为3.42 mm,裂缝进一步扩大,并发展成长7 cm,宽度1.0 mm的斜裂缝,位于跨中底部。跨中底部伴随荷载增加出现数条微小裂缝并开始延伸。当加载至峰值荷载70.1 kN时,位移为8.67 mm,按照位移继续加载,裂缝发展迅速,最终导致受压区混凝土被压碎,极限位移为12.55 mm,破坏情况见图4。完成首次加载试验后,对该RC梁进行了凿毛处理,见图5,再进行了UHPC加固。经过28 d养护后,进行了第2次加载试验,分析A~D组加固梁的破坏情况,结果见图6
加固厚度为0 mm的试验梁A0,当荷载达到33.4 kN时,位移为1.91 mm,梁出现了一条细小长为5 cm的裂缝,位于底部,距离左支座右侧45 cm。随着荷载的增加,逐渐出现了数条细小裂缝,并向两侧延伸近10 cm。当荷载达到74.5 kN时,位移为3.61 mm,底部左支座处出现一条长约10 cm的斜裂缝。加至峰值荷载120 kN时,位移为7.24 mm,底部裂缝开始出现轻微掉落,主裂缝持续变宽,不再出现新的裂缝,按照位移继续加载,出现明显的贯通裂缝,受压区的混凝土被压碎,导致试件破坏,极限位移为25.25 mm,缝宽最高达到8 mm,破坏情况见图6(a)
加固厚度为10 mm试验梁,对于A10,当加载至37.2 kN时,位移为2.30 mm,跨中左5 cm处出现第1条裂缝,长度为5.5 cm。当荷载逐渐增加,裂缝逐渐向上延伸并不断扩大,在80~100 kN范围内,不断出现多条细小裂缝,试件跨中产生长约7 cm的裂缝,并不断延伸和扩大。当加载至150 kN时,位移为10.40 mm,裂缝开始向上延伸至梁高的3/4,宽度约为1 mm。当加载至峰值荷载165.4 kN时,位移为14.60 mm,主裂缝缝宽达到2 mm,按照位移继续加载,最终,跨中裂缝贯通,受压区混凝土被压碎,试件破坏,极限位移为28.07 mm,破坏情况见图6(b)~(d)。A10、B10、C10的破坏过程基本相同,只是荷载和位移有所不同,此处不再赘述。
加固厚度为15 mm的试验梁,对于A15,当荷载加载至41.3 kN时,位移为1.72 mm,跨中距离左侧支座12 cm处首先出现一条长约4 cm、向上斜向延伸的裂缝。在荷载增加至91.6 kN时,位移为3.56 mm,梁跨中附近产生一条长约5 cm的垂直裂缝。在荷载逐步增加后,出现多条细小交汇裂缝。在荷载增至149.7 kN时,位移为5.29 mm,梁跨中裂缝开始向上延伸,并且裂缝宽度增加至2.3 mm。在加至峰值荷载205.9 kN时,位移为17.32 mm,听到纤维撕裂声,并持续了30 s。按照位移继续加载,跨中裂缝和斜裂缝交汇,试件开始有混凝土掉落现象,发生破坏,极限位移为21.34 mm,破坏情况见图6(e)~(g)。A15、B15、C15的破坏过程相似,荷载和位移有所不同,此处不再赘述。
加固厚度为20 mm试验梁,对于A20,在荷载加载至45.2 kN时,位移为1.62 mm,首先在跨中附件处发现一条长约5.5 cm的裂缝。在荷载逐步增加后,出现多条细小裂缝,当加载至97.6 kN时,位移为3.28 mm,跨中右侧8 cm处出现一条明显的斜裂缝,长度约为8 cm。在荷载增至130.2 kN时,位移为3.93 mm,多条斜裂缝开始向斜上方延伸。加至峰值荷载214.2 kN时,位移为12.69 mm梁跨中主要裂缝开始向上延伸,并明显变宽至3.34 mm。按照位移继续加载,听到纤维撕裂声,受压区混凝土发生破坏,试件破坏,极限位移为18.29 mm,破坏情况见图6(h)~(j)。A20、B20、C20的破坏过程基本相似,此处不再赘述。
所有加固梁,加载至峰值荷载,加固前后开裂和峰值荷载如表2所示,荷载位移图如图7所示。由表2可知,加固前开裂荷载分布至20~30 kN附近,峰值荷载分布至75~100 kN。加固前荷载的差异是由纵筋直径差异引起,直径越大开裂荷载和承载力越大。加固梁的开裂荷载和峰值荷载较加固前都有明显提升,其中加固厚度为0 mm相较于加固前开裂荷载和峰值荷载分布提升77%和71%;其中加固厚度为10 mm比加固前开裂荷载提高40%~106%,峰值荷载提高86%~162%;加固厚度为15mm比加固前开裂荷载提高58%~96%,峰值荷载提高82%~92%;加固厚度为20 mm比加固前开裂荷载提高81%~143%,峰值荷载提高123%~194%。随着加固厚度的提升,峰值荷载提升明显。
UHPC加固后梁的变形能力有较大提升。试件的加固厚度分别为0、10、15、20 mm,加固后极限位移提高幅度分别为62%、70%~86%、82%~91%、118%~148%。试件将原梁保护层凿除后替换为UHPC后,试件的极限位移明显提高,说明UHPC加固层可以为试件提供一定的拉力。掺入钢纤维显著增强了加固梁的裂后性能。在裂缝形成之前,无规则乱向分布的钢纤维使得UHPC在各个方向上具有大致相同的力学性能,延缓裂缝的形成,此外,加固梁核心混凝土发生破坏后,UHPC加固面层可以提供一定的约束,以此继续承载,是因为纤维连接裂缝处UHPC基体通过纤维传递两侧应力来控制变形。但极限位移的增加幅度和加固厚度的增加成反比,这由于随着加固层厚度的提升,承载力不断提高,在达到极限承载力之前钢筋就已经屈服,通过对比相同加固厚度不同配筋率之间的极限位移的区别,发现随着加固层厚度的提升和钢筋纵筋配筋率的提高,都会使试件的极限位移进一步增强。
本文通过位移延性系数μ来定义加固延性的大小,加固梁的位移延性系数如式(1)所示:
极限位移采用承载力下载到峰值荷载的85%时所对应的位移,加固前后位移及位移系数对比见表3。在加载过程中,当加固梁屈服后,以A10为例,加固梁的挠度不断增大,承载力相较于前缓慢持续增加,当UHPC加固面层出现腹筋斜裂缝变宽和延伸时,加固梁会迅速的丧失很大一部分承载能力,达到峰值荷载,但加固梁的挠度依然快速增长,其位移延性系数较原梁增大了178.31%,当荷载下降到峰值荷载的85%时,多条裂缝变宽,试件丧失承载能力。说明经过UHPC加固后的试件的延性会得到很大的提升。当其内部混凝土发生破坏后,依靠UHPC加固面层的约束继续承载,有效的提高结构的延性。
未加固梁和加固梁进行对比发现,位移增幅系数最高达到178.31%,说明UHPC可以有效地提升梁的变
形能力,加固梁的屈服位移变小,极限位移增大,随着配筋率和加固厚度的提升,极限位移增大的幅度开始下降。由表3可知,加固厚度为0的试件位移延性系数增幅为133.56%,加固厚度为10 mm的试件位移延性系数增幅为178.31%、81.65%、91.27%,加固厚度为15 mm的试件位移延性系数增幅为154.62%、71.65%、102.07%,加固厚度为20 mm的试件位移延性系数增幅为89.09%、49.77%、87.52%。
表3可知,加固层厚度越厚,承载力提升幅度越大。整体来看,加固厚度为15、20 mm的加固梁加固效果要明显优于加固厚度为0、10 mm的加固梁,随着加固厚度的提升,加固的效果越来越弱,增幅降低。对于开裂荷载来说,钢筋混凝土梁裂缝的出现与发展主要取决于混凝土的抗拉强度,但加固后的试验梁,加固层可以对裂缝起到良好的控制作用,UHPC的抗拉强度达到5.6 MPa,可以有效地提高加固梁的开裂荷载和裂缝的发展,并且对加固梁峰值荷载有明显的提升。对于峰值荷载来说,加固层越厚,加固梁的截面有效高度也越高,加固层UHPC的作用也越明显,总体的抗拉强度和抗压强度也越大,进而使加固梁的抗弯承载力有所提升。但是由于原梁混凝土强度较低,在加载过程中,加固梁内部的混凝土先于外部新混凝土开裂,影响整体混凝土的发挥,因此,随着加固厚度的提升,加固效果增幅降低,当加固厚度由0增加至10 mm时,开裂荷载和峰值荷载提高了12.1%、37.8%。当加固厚度由10 mm增至15 mm时,开裂荷载和峰值荷载提高了10.8%和24.5%,当加固厚度由15 mm增加至20 mm时,开裂荷载和峰值荷载提高了9.8%、4.0%。
每组试验的配筋率如表2所示。可知,在相同加固厚度下,增加配筋率,即在加固梁底部内置钢筋网可以提高试件的极限承载力,但对于试件的开裂荷载并无明显的提升,说明在开始加载至试件开裂,钢筋网的作用没有发挥,开裂后可以起到延缓或抑制裂缝的开裂作用。从整体分析来看,在UHPC中内置钢筋网可以提高试件的承载能力。加固厚度相同时,随着配筋率的提高,极限位移降低,且在加固梁屈服后,塑性变形段较短,增加配筋率使其刚度和承载力有明显提升。
根据试验实际情况和方便理论计算,提出下列假定:
1)截面变形符合平截面变形假定。由试验所得的HDC应变随高度变化呈线性分布,在开裂之前,均处于弹性变形阶段。
2)不考虑混凝土的在受拉区的抗拉强度,默认拉力由钢筋和外包HDC承担。
3)试验现象表明混凝土与钢筋黏结良好,外包HDC与原试件黏结良好,无滑移和错动现象。
4)当其中一种加固材料和混凝土达到极限压缩应变时,视为加固梁破坏。
UHPC加固混凝土受损梁正截面承载力计算的假定与普通钢筋混凝土梁相似,主要区别是加固梁开裂后,UHPC内钢纤维在开裂面的连桥作用,单轴受拉时表现出明显的应变硬化现象,因此需要考虑加固梁截面受拉区内钢纤维所承受的部分拉应力。因此,UHPC材料的本构与普通混凝土有明显变化。
1)UHPC受压本构模型
本文采用杜任远等[18]的UHPC受压应力应变关系方程,如式(2)所示:
式中:σc为混凝土应变为εc时的应力(MPa);fcu为超高性能混凝土的轴心抗压强度(MPa),本试验实测值为110.3 MPa;x=εc/εu0εu0为混凝土的极限压应变,本试验实测值为0.0047。
2)UHPC受拉本构模型
受拉本构模型采用胡翱翔等[19]的受拉应力应变关系,如式(3)所示:
式中:σtεt分别为超高性能混凝土的拉应力和拉应变;ftuεt0分别为超高性能混凝土的轴心抗拉强度和极限拉应变。
3)钢筋的本构模型
受拉钢筋均为有明显屈服平台的热轧钢筋,其应力应变关系模型采用理想弹塑性模型,表达式为
式中:σx为钢筋应力;εx为钢筋应变;Ex为钢筋弹性模量;fy为钢筋屈服强度;εy为钢筋屈服应变。
截面受压区的压应力由UHPC和普通混凝土共同承担。普通混凝土受压本构模型采用GB 50010—2010《混凝土结构设计规范》[20]推荐模型:
1)当εcε0时,
2)当ε0<εcεcu时,
式中:σc为混凝土压应变为εc时的混凝土压应力;fc为混凝土轴心抗压强度设计值,按GB 50010—2010《混凝土结构设计规范》[20]表4.1.4-1采用;ε0为混凝土压应力达到fc时的混凝土压应变,当计算的ε0值小于0.002时,取为0.002;εcu为正截面的混凝土极限压应变,当处于非均匀受压且按公式(6.2.1-5)计算的值大于0.003 3时,取为0.003 3,当处于轴心受压时取为ε0fcu,k为混凝土立方体抗压强度标准值,按GB 50010—2010《混凝土结构设计规范》[20]第4.1.1条确定;n为系数,当计算的n值大于2.0时,取为2.0。
UHPC加固梁的正截面应力-应变分布如图8所示,由于受压区的压应力分布为曲线,为方便计算,将受压区UHPC的压应力曲线等效为一个矩形应力图形,等效原则如下。
1)本试验基于平截面假定的假设,中性轴上方y处的压应变由式(10)所得:
压应力合力的作用点位置yc不变,即
2)等效矩形应力图的形心位置为
式中:βu为UHPC等效矩形应力图高度x与曲线应力图形高度xc的比值。
联立式(11)、式(12)可求得βu
根据图8几何关系可以推出,距中性轴距离为y的UHPC截面处的应变εcy)为
利用式(15)对式(14)进行换元可得:
由式(11)可求出αu
同理,用式(15)对式(17)进行换元得:
式中:εcu为超高性能混凝土受压区边缘的极限压应变,本文值为0.0047。
将UHPC本构方程式(2)分别代入式(16)和式(18)可得出受压区等效矩形应力图形系数为
加固梁破坏时加固后UHPC与加固前原混凝土之间没有发生相对滑移,故梁截面的内力可简单将UHPC所受的内力与普通混凝土之间的内力进行叠加获取,且在同一截面处,UHPC应变与普通混凝土的应变相等,即,加固梁受弯承载力计算参考T形截面钢筋混凝土梁的弯曲计算和DENG等[21]所提出的方法,视试件底部受拉纵筋达到屈服强度,受拉区UHPC达到极限抗拉强度,计算矩形截面一种材料UHPC达到极限应变或混凝土达到极限压缩应变时,UHPC加固试样被视为达到极限状态。计算简图如图9所示。
受压区合力只由UHPC提供,则
受拉区纵筋承担的拉力为
顶部UHPC承担的拉力计算公式为
两侧UHPC承担的拉力为
由平衡条件得:
将式(20)~式(23)代入式(24),可得到平衡方程式为
通过计算,可求得受压区高度x
式中:b为加固试件的宽度;t为实际加固层厚度;h0为加固试件的截面有效高度;As1为受拉纵筋的面积;Asu为UHPC承担的受拉面积,由两部分组成;Asu2为梁截面底部承担的受拉面积;Asu3为梁截面两侧UHPC承担的受拉面积,其余符号同前文。
对纵筋作用点取弯矩,可得到弯矩承载力公式为
式中:b为加固试件的宽度;t为实际加固层厚度;h0为加固试件的截面有效高度。
由式(26)、式(27)可计算UHPC加固受损混凝土梁的受弯承载力。
用式(26)和式(27)计算结果与本次试验结果进行对比,结果见表4。由表可知,UHPC随着加固层厚度的增加其承载力同样增加,和试验结果一致。对加固后试验值与计算值进行误差对比,见图10。由图可知,模型计算值与试验值的误差控制在10%以内,计算值和试验值二者符合较好,推导出来的UHPC加固梁抗弯承载力真实可靠,可以为UHPC加固梁抗弯承载力的计算提供一定的依据。
不同于以往的UHPC加固研究,本文结合增大截面法,提出了可以有效准确计算UHPC加固受损RC梁的承载力计算模型,并结合试验得出了以下主要结论:
1)随着加固厚度的提升,其破坏形态也会有变化,通过对比分析可以发现:加固试件前出现剪切破坏中的剪压破坏,加固后试件出现弯曲破坏中适筋梁破坏形式,主要表现为裂缝集中在纯弯段,且垂直裂缝多于腹剪斜裂缝,最终为试件跨中弯曲变形较大或主裂缝出现多条而破坏。说明该加固方式改善了其脆性破坏模式。
2)开裂荷载提高幅度为40%~143%,峰值荷载提高幅度为71%~194%。加固梁的承载力随着加固层厚度及加固配筋率提高而提高,且随着加固量的提高,峰值荷载提高幅度降低趋势。
3)对梁达到初裂荷载和峰值荷载时位移大小与原梁进行对比判断,加固梁的抗弯刚度均有所提高,抗弯刚度提高幅度与加固厚度和配筋率有关,加固厚度和配筋率越大,抗弯刚度增加越大。
4)采用极限平衡理论,推导UHPC加固梁抗弯承载力计算模型,考虑了UHPC抗拉能力对承载力的贡献,计算结果与试验值对比较为吻合。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52079109; 51408487)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0122
  • 接收时间:2023-10-31
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-10-31
  • 修回日期:2024-01-03
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国家自然科学基金项目(52079109; 51408487)
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    1.西安理工大学 土木建筑工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
    2.西安理工大学 省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710048
    3.中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710065
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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