Article(id=1241786736951492998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0121, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1699977600000, receivedDateStr=2023-11-15, revisedDate=1703952000000, revisedDateStr=2023-12-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773994629371, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773994629371, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773994629371, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994629371, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241786727631754095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='235', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773994627149, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996954801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=205, endPage=216, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241786737219928467, articleId=1241786736951492998, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Seismic performance of demountable RCS frame structure, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The demountable reinforced concrete column-steel beam (RCS) combined frame consists of reinforced concrete columns, steel beams and demountable connectors. The beam-column joints are connected by bolted shear-resistant connectors, which can realize the disassembly of components for recycling and ensure the effective transfer of forces. However, the seismic performance of demountable RCS frame structure is still unclear, and there is an urgent need to conduct out research on the seismic performance of demountable RCS frame structure. To this end, for the proposed static test of non-demountable conventional RCS frame structure carried out by the team in the early stage, this paper adopts the finite element software ABAQUS to establish a finite element model, and compares the finite element calculation results with the test results through the damage modes, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, and the cumulative energy dissipation, etc., to effectively verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation. With the help of the same finite element analysis method, a finite element model of the RCS frame with the new demountable connection was established, and the seismic performance of the RCS frame specimens under different node connections was studied in depth, including the force transfer paths, stress maps, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, stiffness degradation, ductility, and energy dissipation, etc., and the feasibility of realizing the demountability of the frame structure is also analyzed. The results show that: the new demountable joints connection can control the plastic hinge in the region of the distal beam section, effectively protect the joints core area, and improve the ultimate load carrying capacity and stiffness. The hysteresis curve is fuller, slowing down the degradation rate of the load carrying capacity and stiffness, and greatly improving the frame's energy consumption capacity. The specimens with the new demountable joints connection can effectively ensure the continuity of the force transmission path, and its seismic performance indexes are significantly better than the traditional RCS frame structure. The research results and conclusions of this paper can provide a powerful design reference and data support for the seismic design of demountable RCS frame structures.

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可拆卸钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(reinforced concrete column-steel beam,RCS)组合框架由钢筋混凝土柱、钢梁和可拆卸连接件组成,梁柱节点采用螺栓抗剪连接件连接,既可实现构件拆卸回收利用又能保证力的有效传递。然而,目前可拆卸RCS框架结构抗震性能尚不明确,亟需开展可拆卸RCS框架结构抗震性能研究。为此,已有研究的非可拆卸常规RCS框架结构拟静力试验,采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立有限元模型,通过破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线及累计耗能等方面对比了有限元计算结果与试验结果,可以有效验证数值模拟的准确性。借助相同有限元分析方法,建立了采用新型可拆卸连接方式的RCS框架有限元模型,深入研究了在不同节点连接方式下的RCS框架试件的抗震性能,包括受力传递路径、应力云图、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、延性与耗能等性能,并分析了框架结构实现可拆卸的可行性。结果表明:新型可拆卸节点连接方式可以将塑性铰控制在远端梁截面区域,有效保护节点核心区,提高了极限承载力、刚度;滞回曲线更加饱满,减缓强度和刚度退化速率,大幅提升框架耗能能力。采用新型可拆卸节点连接方式的试件可以有效保证传力路径的连续性,且其各项抗震性能指标明显优于传统RCS框架结构。研究成果及结论为可拆卸RCS框架结构的抗震设计提供有力的设计参考和数据支撑。

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李桅(1981—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事装配式结构抗震研究。E-mail:
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蔡建国(1983—),男,高级工程师,博士,主要从事建筑工程管理研究。E-mail:

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蔡建国(1983—),男,高级工程师,博士,主要从事建筑工程管理研究。E-mail:

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蔡建国(1983—),男,高级工程师,博士,主要从事建筑工程管理研究。E-mail:

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journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786736951492998, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mechanical properties of steel bars and steel

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钢材弹性模量/GPa屈服强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa屈服应变/(×10-3
62014536132.21
82054595722.36
122004635722.30
钢板(5 mm)2022883762.43
钢板(7 mm)1993334212.77
), ArticleFig(id=1241802950448841710, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786736951492998, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

钢筋和钢材力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钢材弹性模量/GPa屈服强度/MPa抗拉强度/MPa屈服应变/(×10-3
62014536132.21
82054595722.36
122004635722.30
钢板(5 mm)2022883762.43
钢板(7 mm)1993334212.77
), ArticleFig(id=1241802950583058432, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786736951492998, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Material properties of steel, steel bars and bolts

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料等级取样位置弹性模量/GPafy/MPaεyfu/MPaεu
Q235梁腹板与钢板198308.300.00 206450.500.159
梁翼缘与加劲肋205254.500.00 217423.200.161
HRB400纵筋196479.300.00 213631.200.153
HPB300箍筋201342.700.00 221487.600.196
8.8高强螺栓200780.000.00 202900.000.136
), ArticleFig(id=1241802950696304652, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786736951492998, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

钢材、钢筋和螺栓的材料属性

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料等级取样位置弹性模量/GPafy/MPaεyfu/MPaεu
Q235梁腹板与钢板198308.300.00 206450.500.159
梁翼缘与加劲肋205254.500.00 217423.200.161
HRB400纵筋196479.300.00 213631.200.153
HPB300箍筋201342.700.00 221487.600.196
8.8高强螺栓200780.000.00 202900.000.136
), ArticleFig(id=1241802950822133785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786736951492998, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Loading system

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级数加载方式加载侧向位移/mm循环次数层间位移角/%
1位移加载4.9030.2
29.8030.4
314.7030.6
417.1530.7
534.3031.4
651.4532.1
768.6032.8
885.7533.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241802950947962920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786736951492998, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

加载制度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
级数加载方式加载侧向位移/mm循环次数层间位移角/%
1位移加载4.9030.2
29.8030.4
314.7030.6
417.1530.7
534.3031.4
651.4532.1
768.6032.8
885.7533.5
), ArticleFig(id=1241802951119929406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786736951492998, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Displacement ductility coefficients of various RCS frame specimens

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号加载方向屈服强度Py/kN屈服应变δy/%极限强度Pu/kN0.85Pu/kN极限应变δu/%μaverage
RCS-1212.791.03258.91220.073.503.403.49
-209.51-0.98-257.75-219.093.503.59
RCS-2264.510.84326.51277.533.504.185.58
-273.46-0.50-346.19-294.263.506.99
RCS-3261.460.90329.35279.953.483.895.22
-290.29-0.53-351.13-298.463.476.56
), ArticleFig(id=1241802951237369929, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786736951492998, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

各RCS框架试件的位移延性系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号加载方向屈服强度Py/kN屈服应变δy/%极限强度Pu/kN0.85Pu/kN极限应变δu/%μaverage
RCS-1212.791.03258.91220.073.503.403.49
-209.51-0.98-257.75-219.093.503.59
RCS-2264.510.84326.51277.533.504.185.58
-273.46-0.50-346.19-294.263.506.99
RCS-3261.460.90329.35279.953.483.895.22
-290.29-0.53-351.13-298.463.476.56
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可拆卸RCS框架结构抗震性能研究
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蔡建国 1 , 李桅 2
地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025,45(1): 205-216
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地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025, 45(1): 205-216
可拆卸RCS框架结构抗震性能研究
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蔡建国1 , 李桅2
作者信息
  • 1.江西国经建设投资有限公司,江西 樟树 331200
  • 2.温州大学 建筑工程学院,浙江 温州 325035
  • 蔡建国(1983—),男,高级工程师,博士,主要从事建筑工程管理研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

李桅(1981—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事装配式结构抗震研究。E-mail:
Seismic performance of demountable RCS frame structure
Jianguo CAI1 , Wei LI2
Affiliations
  • 1.Jiangxi Guojing Construction Investment Co., Ltd., Zhangshu 331200, China
  • 2.College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0121
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可拆卸钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(reinforced concrete column-steel beam,RCS)组合框架由钢筋混凝土柱、钢梁和可拆卸连接件组成,梁柱节点采用螺栓抗剪连接件连接,既可实现构件拆卸回收利用又能保证力的有效传递。然而,目前可拆卸RCS框架结构抗震性能尚不明确,亟需开展可拆卸RCS框架结构抗震性能研究。为此,已有研究的非可拆卸常规RCS框架结构拟静力试验,采用有限元软件ABAQUS建立有限元模型,通过破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线及累计耗能等方面对比了有限元计算结果与试验结果,可以有效验证数值模拟的准确性。借助相同有限元分析方法,建立了采用新型可拆卸连接方式的RCS框架有限元模型,深入研究了在不同节点连接方式下的RCS框架试件的抗震性能,包括受力传递路径、应力云图、滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、延性与耗能等性能,并分析了框架结构实现可拆卸的可行性。结果表明:新型可拆卸节点连接方式可以将塑性铰控制在远端梁截面区域,有效保护节点核心区,提高了极限承载力、刚度;滞回曲线更加饱满,减缓强度和刚度退化速率,大幅提升框架耗能能力。采用新型可拆卸节点连接方式的试件可以有效保证传力路径的连续性,且其各项抗震性能指标明显优于传统RCS框架结构。研究成果及结论为可拆卸RCS框架结构的抗震设计提供有力的设计参考和数据支撑。

可拆卸节点  /  RCS框架结构  /  破坏模式  /  抗震性能  /  数值分析

The demountable reinforced concrete column-steel beam (RCS) combined frame consists of reinforced concrete columns, steel beams and demountable connectors. The beam-column joints are connected by bolted shear-resistant connectors, which can realize the disassembly of components for recycling and ensure the effective transfer of forces. However, the seismic performance of demountable RCS frame structure is still unclear, and there is an urgent need to conduct out research on the seismic performance of demountable RCS frame structure. To this end, for the proposed static test of non-demountable conventional RCS frame structure carried out by the team in the early stage, this paper adopts the finite element software ABAQUS to establish a finite element model, and compares the finite element calculation results with the test results through the damage modes, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, and the cumulative energy dissipation, etc., to effectively verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation. With the help of the same finite element analysis method, a finite element model of the RCS frame with the new demountable connection was established, and the seismic performance of the RCS frame specimens under different node connections was studied in depth, including the force transfer paths, stress maps, hysteresis curves, skeleton curves, stiffness degradation, ductility, and energy dissipation, etc., and the feasibility of realizing the demountability of the frame structure is also analyzed. The results show that: the new demountable joints connection can control the plastic hinge in the region of the distal beam section, effectively protect the joints core area, and improve the ultimate load carrying capacity and stiffness. The hysteresis curve is fuller, slowing down the degradation rate of the load carrying capacity and stiffness, and greatly improving the frame's energy consumption capacity. The specimens with the new demountable joints connection can effectively ensure the continuity of the force transmission path, and its seismic performance indexes are significantly better than the traditional RCS frame structure. The research results and conclusions of this paper can provide a powerful design reference and data support for the seismic design of demountable RCS frame structures.

demountable joints  /  RCS frame structure  /  failure mode  /  seismic performance  /  numerical analysis
蔡建国, 李桅. 可拆卸RCS框架结构抗震性能研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (1) : 205 -216 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0121
Jianguo CAI, Wei LI. Seismic performance of demountable RCS frame structure[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (1) : 205 -216 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0121
钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁(reinforced concrete column-steel beam,RCS)框架结构体系因能更好地满足中高层建筑和大型框架建筑的功能要求而受到国内外学者的广泛关注。该系统结合了混凝土柱和钢梁的优点,相较于普通钢框架结构,具有自重轻、施工速度快、成本低、良好的稳定性和耐久性等显著特点,因此具有更为广阔的应用前景。在装配式RCS组合框架结构体系中,钢筋混凝土柱、钢梁与组合楼板均为设计成熟的构件,但由于梁柱连接区域复杂的细部构造,其设计没有具体规范明确要求。预制装配式节点[1-4]连接关系到整个结构体系的受力性能,是装配式结构体系的薄弱环节,同样也是装配式结构研究的重点和结构整体性能研究的前提。
已有许多学者对这种结构体系的抗震性能进行了研究并得到了重要的指导结论,为工程实践和理论研究提供了依据。回顾现有文献[5-10],RCS节点的连接方式主要为“梁贯通式”或“柱贯通式”,但目前研究提出的“梁贯通式”和“柱贯通式” RCS节点均难以拆卸和更换,影响结构体系在整个全生命周期内的价值,从而实现建筑结构的可持续发展。
在此背景下,人们对可拆卸连接结构性能进行了广泛的研究。针对可拆卸混凝土的力学性能,肖建庄等[11-12]提出了一种新型可拆卸混凝土框架节点,该节点能避免节点区域产生塑性铰,试验结果表明,该节点具有良好的延性。为了进一步考虑框架结构的可拆卸性和抗震性能,针对提出的一种基于榫卯连接概念的7组可拆卸混凝土梁柱节点进行了拟静力试验。结果表明:所有节点均具有良好的抗震性能,再生混凝土梁柱节点的抗震性能略低于普通混凝土梁柱节点,可拆卸混凝土结构具有良好的延性。伍云天等[13]对2个大比例RCS组合框架子结构试件进行了拟静力试验研究。研究结果表明:合理设计的RCS组合框架结构具有良好的强度、侧移延性和变形能力。门进杰等[14-17]通过开展RCS组合框架结构拟静力试验,通过精细化有限元模拟并加上理论分析,深入研究了装配式RCS组合结构的受力机理和抗震性能。
综上所述,多数研究主要集中于常规不可拆卸RCS节点所组成的框架,而对可拆卸RCS节点所组成的框架结构抗震性能研究较少。因此,为了理解可拆卸RCS框架结构的受力机理,有必要对其荷载传递路径和抗震性能进行研究。借助已有研究[18]的一榀1/3缩尺不可拆卸RCS框架拟静力试验进行模拟验证,再采用有限元软件ABAQUS分析可拆卸节点连接方式对RCS框架结构抗震性能的影响并提出改进意见,为可拆卸组合式RCS框架结构的应用以及后续研究奠定了一定的基础。
选取了钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架结构[18]中的一榀单层单跨框架,设计了1个1/3缩尺比例的钢筋混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架RCS-0试件。试件整体高为1500 mm,跨度为2200 mm,其中柱的截面尺寸为300 mm×300 mm,地梁的截面尺寸为400 mm×350 mm,钢梁的截面尺寸为100 mm×60 mm×5 mm×7 mm,钢板箍采用300 mm×300 mm×5 mm的方钢管,在其侧面开孔,方便钢梁一部分穿过并与混凝土柱一起现浇固定。试件中各部件尺寸及框架整体配筋见图1
试件采用直径分别为6、8、12 mm的HRB400钢筋以及厚度为5、7 mm的Q235钢材,根据GB/T 228.1—2010《金属材料拉伸试验第1部分:室温试验方法》[19]规范的要求进行材性拉伸试验。钢材的基本力学性能参数如表1所示,通过圆柱体抗压试验测得混凝土抗压强度平均值。
试验整体加载装置如图2所示,包括刚性钢架、MTS液压伺服作动器、竖向液压千斤顶、分配梁和地锚螺栓等。框架试件拟静力试验分为两步:①通过液压千斤顶施加竖向轴力在分配梁上,再传递给框架柱顶以实现控制轴压比并保持恒定;②在柱两端外侧施加拟静力往复水平荷载。根据JGJ/T 101—2015《建筑抗震试验规程》[20]的要求,采用位移控制加载制度。此外,柱端加载位移值以层间位移角的倍数为级差进行控制加载并循环3次,加载制度如图2(b)所示。当试件水平荷载降至峰值荷载的85%或者试件出现显著破坏可能导致试验不能继续进行时,需停止加载。
采用ABAQUS有限元软件对既有RCS框架试验[18]进行数值模拟验证,建立RCS框架有限元模型,如图3所示。有限元模型中的混凝土本构采用GB 50010—2010《混凝土结构设计规范》[21]中的拉压本构关系,并根据ABAQUS中的CDP塑性损伤模型进行损伤计算。钢筋和其他钢材均采用理想弹塑性本构模型,具体输入的本构模型参数根据实测值确定。混凝土柱、基础梁、钢梁均采用C3D8R实体单元,纵筋、箍筋采用T3D2三维两节点桁架单元。
在基础梁底部及四周采用完全固定,约束XYZ这3个方向上的位移与转动即6个自由度,框架柱顶施加竖向均布荷载7.450 8 MPa可满足框架试验柱顶0.2的轴压比,在柱端施加水平荷载,如图3所示。混凝土柱与基础梁采用“tie”(绑定)连接,采用“Embedded Region”(内置区域)命令将钢筋笼嵌入相应的混凝土构件中,使两者协同受力变形。钢板箍与混凝土柱表面设置为绑定约束,其余面面接触设置为摩擦接触。
对比试验与数值模型的破坏形态如图4所示,有限元模型在加载完成时,柱底端部因累计损伤导致混凝土压碎剥落而引起结构的失效破坏,柱端出现塑性铰,钢梁出现部分变形。这与试验中RCS-0框架的最终破坏模式是较为吻合的。
试件RCS-0的滞回曲线骨架曲线与能量耗散曲线如图5所示。由图可知,在加载初期,有限元模拟得到的框架柱端荷载-位移曲线与试验结果吻合良好,特别是在弹性阶段和弹塑性的初始阶段,滞回环基本重合;而在弹塑性阶段的后期,数值模拟的结果偏大一些,不过误差在10%以内,极限荷载低于试验结果。两者滞回曲线包络面积相差不大,从整体上分析,试验与数值模拟的滞回曲线吻合较好。试验中混凝土承载力下降是由焊缝裂纹的扩展和混凝土剥落引起的,而有限元模型中梁柱连接采用理想的绑定” tie”连接,无法模拟混凝土剥落,因此有限元结果得到的骨架曲线并没有明显的下降段,但从骨架曲线的整体来看,试验与有限元结果基本吻合。
试件RCS-0的试验与有限元结果的累计耗能曲线如图5所示,层间位移角在0.07%~0.21%之间时,有限元模拟的累计耗能高于试验结果,而随着位移荷载的加大,有限元计算值均低于试验结果。当层间位移达到33.25 mm,即层间位移角0.35%时,有限元模型计算的累计耗能低于试验结果的8.70%,仍在误差的10%的范围内,上述结果表明本文所建立的有限元模型具备有效性和准确性。
3个RCS框架试件包括1个常规RCS框架和2个可拆卸RCS框架结构,框架节点连接方式见图6,具体连接件尺寸及规格可以参考文献[17]。此外,图6中给出了3种RCS框架结构在受力状态下荷载的传递路径,图中T为拉力,N为压力,V为剪力,M为传递弯矩。
根据LI等[22]开展的新型可拆卸RCS梁柱节点试验为原型,选取RCS平面框架中的单层单跨子结构为研究对象,原型结构层高4.5 m,梁跨6.6 m,建立了一榀单层单跨新型装配式可拆卸RCS框架结构,柱顶轴压比为0.2。采用ABAQUS有限元软件对3个RCS框架试件进行有限元模拟,如图7所示。钢筋网采用T3D2桁架单元,试件RCS-3梁柱连接区域的加劲肋采用C3D10四面体单元,混凝土柱、钢梁、基础梁与部分连接件均采用C3D8R实体单元建模分析。
试件中各构件尺寸及材料属性:钢梁规格HN300 mm×100 mm×10 mm×20 mm,钢板箍的截面尺寸为300 mm×300 mm×10 mm,钢材均采用Q235型号。混凝土柱截面为300 mm×300 mm,长2200 mm,基础梁为矩形截面600 mm×600 mm,长5100 mm,混凝土设计强度为C40,抗压、抗拉强度分别为26.8、2.39 MPa,弹性模量为32000 MPa。其中混凝土柱内置有12根直径为14 mm的HRB400纵筋与直径为6 mm,间距为100 mm的箍筋。试件RCS-2和RCS-3的梁和柱连接处均采用8.8级M20型号高强螺栓连接。上述构件涉及的钢材、钢筋和螺栓的材料属性见表2
图7表明了3个框架试件的不同梁柱节点连接形式。试件RCS-1的H型钢梁与混凝土柱通过钢板箍焊接连接,实现刚性连接,可传递弯矩。混凝土柱内设置水平加劲板可提高节点抗弯能力和刚度,梁侧加焊加劲肋可提高钢梁与钢板箍之间的焊接强度;试件RCS-2的钢筋混凝土柱通过钢板箍、外伸梁、端板和高强螺栓与钢梁连接,借助两块端板之间的卡槽和螺栓传递梁端剪力;试件RCS-3的钢筋混凝土柱采用钢板箍与加劲肋与钢梁连接固定,实现框架在水平荷载作用下的受力传递。其中连接件及细部构造尺寸见文献[22]。
试件RCS-1、RCS-2和RCS-3框架有限元模型中的接触包括基础梁与柱底、钢梁与钢板箍、钢板箍与混凝土柱、加劲肋与钢梁、钢筋笼与混凝土等。其中基础梁与柱底、钢板箍与混凝土柱采用绑定约束,钢筋笼与内部加劲肋采用内置区域的命令嵌入混凝土内,其余均设置为“面面”接触,接触法线方向为“硬接触”并允许接触后分离,切线方向为“罚摩擦”且摩擦系数设置为0.3。
柱顶及柱端加载点采用耦合方式将参考点与柱表面进行约束,并在参考点上施加荷载,基础梁在底部及四周限制XYZ这3个方向的平动及转动共6个自由度,如图7所示。整个加载过程共分为4个分析步,初始分析步施加基础梁的完全固定边界条件,第1个分析步先采用“Bolt Load”对高强螺栓施加预紧力120 kN,第2个分析步设置为螺栓固定在当前长度,第3个分析步在柱顶施加轴压,并在柱端开始施加水平位移往复加载。加载制度依据JGJ/T 101—2015《建筑抗震试验规程》[20],加载位移值以层间位移角的倍数为级差进行控制加载并循环3次,加载制度如表3所示。
各试件的有限元模型中混凝土柱构件在达到3.5%层间位移时的受压及受拉损伤的破坏模式,如图8所示。对比各混凝土柱的拉压损伤云图可知,常规RCS框架柱的混凝土受压损伤区域集中在柱底及钢板箍交叉部位;可拆卸RCS框架柱(试件RCS-2、RCS-3)的混凝土受压损伤区域集中于柱底和钢板箍下部相接的混凝土部位,并且受压损伤区域较常规RCS框架扩大并向框架柱中部延伸。将有限元模型的受拉损伤视为裂缝开展,受拉损伤图表明3个RCS框架试件的柱底及钢板箍交接部位均出现交叉斜裂缝,裂缝沿柱中部扩展,而可拆卸RCS框架试件因混凝土受拉损伤产生的斜裂缝破坏更为显著。
图9~图11为各试件中钢板箍、钢梁及螺栓等连接件构件的Mises等效应力云图。常规RCS框架试件的钢板箍存在明显的应力集中现象,最大应力为442.24 MPa,出现在钢板交接区域,说明该区域钢板已经产生塑性变形,而对于2个可拆卸RCS试件的钢板箍出现最大应力分别为241.80、289.40 MPa,结果表明钢材并未发生屈服。图10标注了各钢梁出现的最大Mises等效应力及PEEQ塑性应变,可以看出常规RCS框架试件的钢梁并未达到屈服强度,而可拆卸RCS试件的钢梁均出现应力集中且已经发生屈服。试件RCS-2钢梁应力及应变集中在柱端外伸梁与端板交接部位,最大应力为390.80 MPa,应变为0.111 2,这说明钢梁翼缘已经进入塑性变形阶段,但并未发生破坏,端板之间连接的螺栓同样达到屈服强度。试件RCS-3钢梁应力及应变集中在梁端翼缘上下连接件与柱端钢板箍对接部位,最大应力为599.80 MPa,应变为0.344 0,结果表明该区域已经发生较大塑性变形并破坏,但连接件与钢梁之间的螺栓并未出现屈曲现象。如图11所示,常规RCS框架与可拆卸RCS框架试件的屈服模式均呈现出柱底纵筋达到屈服应变,然后梁端先屈服,再接着是可拆卸连接件区域进入屈服状态。
结合上述分析,对比常规RCS框架试件在水平往复荷载作用下的应力分布规律,可以发现可拆卸RCS试件RCS-2和RCS-3可将应力及变形集中控制在中部长梁构件部位,这不仅能有效降低钢梁及焊接焊缝撕裂的脆性破坏现象,还能保证RCS框架在震后的可拆卸功能的有效实施。
试件RCS-2与RCS-3的节点分别采用不同的可拆卸连接方式,而固定连接件均为高强螺栓。在地震荷载作用下框架结构可拆卸性能是否能够满足GB 50011—2010 《建筑抗震设计规范》[21]要求,并达到可拆卸节点设计目的。下面对试件RCS-2、RCS-3中高强螺栓在不同层间位移角限值下进行应力及变形分析。
图12图13为试件RCS-2与RCS-3中在层间位移角分别达到1/550和1/30时,试件中高强螺栓的应力及应变云图。由图可知,试件RCS-2层间位移角达到1/550时,螺栓群出现最大应变为0.006,而继续加载至层间位移角为1/30时,最大应变达到0.021;试件RCS-3层间位移角达到1/550时,螺栓最大应力为551.07 MPa,应变值为0,当继续加载至层间位移角1/30时,螺栓最大应力上升至780.25 MPa达到螺栓屈服荷载,最大应变为0.001。从上述分析结果可以发现,试件RCS-2和试件RCS-3在达到弹塑性层间位移角限值后,高强螺栓产生的应变非常小,并不会影响后续试件中螺栓的拆卸,这表明了新型可拆卸梁柱节点具备可拆卸性,在震后可以实现构件拆卸及更换的要求。
图14为3个框架试件有限元计算结果的荷载-位移滞回曲线。由图可知,3个试件的滞回曲线整体呈现梭形,这表明试件具有较好的耗能能力。在弹性及弹塑性阶段初期,框架的水平承载力随位移加载大幅增加;当处于弹塑性后期与塑性变形阶段后,水平承载力增幅趋于平缓;当框架出现塑性铰并破坏后,承载力开始下降。可拆卸RCS框架试件RCS-2和RCS-3相较于不可拆卸RCS框架试件RCS-1的滞回曲线包络面积更大、更加饱满,说明了前2个框架的耗能优于后者。
试件滞回曲线的包络线,即试件的荷载-位移骨架曲线,可通过连接各位移加载级第1圈的峰值点得到。对3个试件的滞回曲线进行分析处理,得到各试件的骨架曲线如图15所示。结果表明,3个试件的骨架曲线可以分为3个阶段:弹性阶段、屈服强化阶段和退化阶段。部分试件未表现出明显的水平承载力退化阶段。与试件RCS-1相比,试件RCS-2和RCS-3具有较大的初始弹性刚度和更大的水平承载力,而试件RCS-2与RCS-3的承载力没有明显退化,变形更显著,说明这2种可拆卸RCS框架结构表现出良好的延性。这表明钢梁的屈服变形能参与框架的能量耗散。试件RCS-2与RCS-3的侧向承载力远大于试件RCS-1,说明了2种可拆卸梁柱采用高强螺栓连接能提高试件的承载力和整体性能。
刚度退化曲线对比如图16所示。由图可知,试件RCS-2与RCS-3刚度退化速度较快,而试件RCS-1刚度退化较慢,3个试件刚度退化速度呈现逐渐变缓的趋势,这是因为试件RCS-2从梁端的连接端板的弯曲耗能转变为连接螺栓的摩擦耗能,试件RCS-3由梁端加劲肋的弯曲变形转化为连接螺栓的摩擦耗能。这表明了混凝土柱与钢梁采用螺栓连接增加了RCS框架的初始刚度且改变了试件的力学性能。
试件的延性与累计耗能分析如图17表4所示。由表4可知,3个试件均在正荷载(推)下的延性系数值低于负荷载(拉)下的延性系数值,而试件RCS-2和RCS-3的延性系数分别要比试件RCS-1高出59.89%、49.57%。
框架结构的耗能能力可以用等效黏滞阻尼系数ξe表示,该系数是基于阻尼力做功等效原理计算得到,针对整体试件在加载过程中某个瞬时位移状态下的阻尼比。按照图17中滞回曲线的最大滞回换半圈ABC与横坐标包围面积S1与三角形OBE面积S2的比值计算得到。等效黏滞阻尼系数ξe计算公式为
图18图19所示,对比3个试件的等效黏滞阻尼系数以及累计耗能曲线可以看出,试件RCS-2和RCS-3在极限位移加载作用下的累计耗能分别比试件RCS-1高出29.78%、23.54%;试件RCS-2和RCS-3的等效黏滞阻尼系数相较于试件RCS-1分别提高了8.19%、10.53%。结果表明2种新型可拆卸梁柱节点连接方式可以显著提高RCS框架结构的耗能性能。
通过对比RCS框架试验与有限元模拟结果,验证了有限元模型的有效性。基于验证的有限元建模技术及分析方法对可拆卸装配式RCS组合框架进行了水平往复荷载下的抗震性能分析,得到以下结论:
1)相较于试件RCS-1,RCS-2和RCS-3采用了新型的可拆卸连接措施,可以实现塑性铰外移,将应力和应变集中在远端梁截面区域,有效保护了节点核心区域。
2)新型可拆卸节点构造提高了整体框架结构极限承载力、刚度;滞回曲线更加饱满,减缓强度和刚度退化速率,有效保证传力路径的连续性,且其各项抗震性能指标明显优于传统RCS框架结构。
3)与不可拆卸RCS-1框架试件相比,2个可拆卸RCS框架试件的延性与累计耗能分别提高了59.89%、49.57%和29.78%、23.54%,表明了新的节点构造能大幅提升框架耗能能力。
4)在试件RCS-1、RCS-2和RCS-3的屈服模式中均出现柱底纵筋最先进入屈服状态,这表明了在后续的研究中更应该考虑材料等级的适配性。
5)可拆卸RCS框架试件不仅在抗震性能方面优于现浇RCS框架,而且易于拆卸与装配,降低框架结构拆除难度,可显著减少建筑结构拆除产生的建筑垃圾。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51308419)
  • 浙江省自然科学基金公益项目(LGF22E080004)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0121
  • 接收时间:2023-11-15
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2023-11-15
  • 修回日期:2023-12-31
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51308419)
浙江省自然科学基金公益项目(LGF22E080004)
作者信息
    1.江西国经建设投资有限公司,江西 樟树 331200
    2.温州大学 建筑工程学院,浙江 温州 325035

通讯作者:

李桅(1981—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事装配式结构抗震研究。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dzgcygczd/CN/10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0121
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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