Article(id=1241786733096932345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0120, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1718121600000, receivedDateStr=2024-06-12, revisedDate=1720368000000, revisedDateStr=2024-07-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1773994628451, onlineDateStr=2026-03-20, pubDate=1740672000000, pubDateStr=2025-02-28, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1773994628451, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-20, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1773994628451, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773994628451, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1241786727631754095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2025', volume='45', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='235', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1773994627149, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1773996954801, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1241796490583146989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1241786727631754095, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=195, endPage=204, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1241786733352783877, articleId=1241786733096932345, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Experimental study on seismic performance of glulam-column reinforced with planted bar and steel-beam joint, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In this paper, it is proposed that the frame structure of glulam pillar and steel beam can address the issues of complex joint structure, limited beam stiffness and low lateral stiffness of long span glulam beam and column structure joints. Three joint specimens without planted bar and three joint specimens with the diameter of planting reinforcement as a variable were designed. Monotonic loading experiment were conducted on two joint specimens without reinforcement, while other joint specimens underwent low-cycle repeated loading to obtain their seismic performance, including failure mode, hysteresis curve, skeleton curve and energy dissipation capacity. The experimental results show that the measure of reinforced with planted bar can effectively improve the local bearing capacity of the transverse grain, the flexural stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity of the joints, but the increase in the diameter of the reinforcing bar has little impact. The energy dissipation capacity of the joint can be significantly improved by the measure of reinforced with planted bar, and the seismic performance of the joint can be improved. The failure modes of flexible end plate and rigid end plate are different, the members of the flexible end plates are S-shaped deformation and failure mode, the joint angle deformation is large, the bending stiffness is small, and the rigid end plate members are the transverse compression deformation and failure of the wooden column, and the bending stiffness and bearing capacity of the joint are strong. The formulas for the ultimate flexural bearing capacity of the joints are derived, and the theoretical values agree well with the measured ones.

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大跨度胶合木梁柱结构节点构造复杂,木梁刚度有限,结构抗侧刚度低,文中提出可适用于大跨结构的胶合木柱-钢梁框架结构。为研究节点的抗震性能与破坏模式,分别设计了3个无植筋增强节点试件和3个以植筋直径为变量的植筋增强胶合木柱-钢梁节点试件,并进行单调加载试验和低周反复荷载加载试验,研究节点的破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线和耗能能力等抗震性能。试验结果表明,植筋能有效提高胶合木柱的横纹局部承压能力及节点抗弯刚度与抗弯极限承载力,但增大植筋直径对其影响较小;植筋能显著增强节点的耗能能力,有利于节点的抗震性能的提高;柔性端板与刚性端板的破坏模式不同,柔性端板呈S形变形破坏,节点转角变形大、抗弯刚度较弱,刚性端板为木柱横纹压缩变形破坏,且节点抗弯刚度和承载力较高;推导了节点抗弯极限承载力公式,理论值与实测值吻合较好。

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陈伯望(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事竹木结构研究。E-mail:
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申欣洋(1998—),男,硕士,主要从事竹木结构研究。E-mail:

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申欣洋(1998—),男,硕士,主要从事竹木结构研究。E-mail:

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申欣洋(1998—),男,硕士,主要从事竹木结构研究。E-mail:

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journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786733096932345, language=CN, label=图12, caption=简化端板上力的平衡, figureFileSmall=ycZd6sEcQolqq9xTUzl2Nw==, figureFileBig=wGkeytxPY+fB8mLWFA/7rA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1241802945168212576, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786733096932345, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Design of specimen parameters

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试件编号植筋直径/mm植筋数量端板类型加载方式试件编号植筋直径/mm植筋数量端板类型加载方式
N-1柔性单调加载R12124刚性低周反复
N-2刚性单调加载R14144刚性低周反复
N-3刚性低周反复R16164刚性低周反复
), ArticleFig(id=1241802945298236006, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786733096932345, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试件参数设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号植筋直径/mm植筋数量端板类型加载方式试件编号植筋直径/mm植筋数量端板类型加载方式
N-1柔性单调加载R12124刚性低周反复
N-2刚性单调加载R14144刚性低周反复
N-3刚性低周反复R16164刚性低周反复
), ArticleFig(id=1241802945407287923, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786733096932345, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mechanical performance of steel bars

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钢筋直径/mm屈服强度/MPa极限强度/MPa
12445610
14420590
16440600
), ArticleFig(id=1241802945537311363, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786733096932345, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

钢筋力学性能

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钢筋直径/mm屈服强度/MPa极限强度/MPa
12445610
14420590
16440600
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Bending stiffness and peak bending moment

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试件编号加载方向Ks/(kN•m•rad-1Mu/(kN•m)试件编号加载方向Ks/(kN•m•rad-1Mu/(kN•m)
N正向1409.58(1)61.24(1.00)R14正向2348.33(1.67)99.94(1.63)
负向1675.00(1)68.74(1.00)负向1901.33(1.14)86.25(1.25)
R12正向2777.25(1.97)99.13(1.62)R16正向2846.67(2.02)103.96(1.64)
负向3358.96(2.01)85.76(1.25)负向2896.25(1.73)90.14(1.31)
), ArticleFig(id=1241802945814135459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786733096932345, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

抗弯刚度和峰值弯矩

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试件编号加载方向Ks/(kN•m•rad-1Mu/(kN•m)试件编号加载方向Ks/(kN•m•rad-1Mu/(kN•m)
N正向1409.58(1)61.24(1.00)R14正向2348.33(1.67)99.94(1.63)
负向1675.00(1)68.74(1.00)负向1901.33(1.14)86.25(1.25)
R12正向2777.25(1.97)99.13(1.62)R16正向2846.67(2.02)103.96(1.64)
负向3358.96(2.01)85.76(1.25)负向2896.25(1.73)90.14(1.31)
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Single cycle energy dissipation U under the loading amplitude of 27~42 mm

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位移幅值/mm耗能能力/J
N-3试件R12试件R14试件R16试件
27412(1.00)639(1.55)1014(2.46)806(2.00)
30643(1.00)784(1.20)1370(2.13)1269(1.93)
33464(1.00)929(2.00)1479(3.00)1507(3.24)
36670(1.00)1186(1.77)1503(2.24)1673(2.50)
39653(1.00)1253(1.92)1475(2.26)1524(2.33)
42628(1.00)1540(2.45)1639(2.61)1693(2.70)
), ArticleFig(id=1241802946229371588, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786733096932345, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

27~42 mm加载幅值下的单圈耗能U

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
位移幅值/mm耗能能力/J
N-3试件R12试件R14试件R16试件
27412(1.00)639(1.55)1014(2.46)806(2.00)
30643(1.00)784(1.20)1370(2.13)1269(1.93)
33464(1.00)929(2.00)1479(3.00)1507(3.24)
36670(1.00)1186(1.77)1503(2.24)1673(2.50)
39653(1.00)1253(1.92)1475(2.26)1524(2.33)
42628(1.00)1540(2.45)1639(2.61)1693(2.70)
), ArticleFig(id=1241802946325840590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786733096932345, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Bearing capacity coefficient of joint specimen reinforced by planting bar

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植筋直径/mm钢筋反力/kN非均匀受压植筋强度发挥系数ηr
1258.340.85
1460.610.67
1666.650.55
), ArticleFig(id=1241802946464252637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786733096932345, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

节点植筋试件的承载力系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
植筋直径/mm钢筋反力/kN非均匀受压植筋强度发挥系数ηr
1258.340.85
1460.610.67
1666.650.55
), ArticleFig(id=1241802946636219119, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786733096932345, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison of theoretical and test values of joint bearing capacity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件组号承载力理论值/(kN•m)承载力试验值/(kN•m)误差/%
N-353.9961.2411.84
R1295.9999.133.17
R1497.6399.942.31
R16101.97103.591.56
), ArticleFig(id=1241802946803991293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1241786733096932345, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

节点承载力理论值与试验值对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件组号承载力理论值/(kN•m)承载力试验值/(kN•m)误差/%
N-353.9961.2411.84
R1295.9999.133.17
R1497.6399.942.31
R16101.97103.591.56
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植筋增强胶合木柱-钢梁节点抗震性能试验研究
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申欣洋 , 陈伯望 , 张子辉 , 王怀 , 赵振澜 , 郭梓梁 , 王晓晗
地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025,45(1): 195-204
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地震工程与工程振动 | 研究论文 2025, 45(1): 195-204
植筋增强胶合木柱-钢梁节点抗震性能试验研究
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申欣洋 , 陈伯望 , 张子辉, 王怀, 赵振澜, 郭梓梁, 王晓晗
作者信息
  • 中南林业科技大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410004
  • 申欣洋(1998—),男,硕士,主要从事竹木结构研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

陈伯望(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事竹木结构研究。E-mail:
Experimental study on seismic performance of glulam-column reinforced with planted bar and steel-beam joint
Xinyang SHEN , Bowang CHEN , Zihui ZHANG, Huai WANG, Zhenlan ZHAO, Ziliang GUO, Xiaohan WANG
Affiliations
  • College of Civil Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
出版时间: 2025-02-28 doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0120
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大跨度胶合木梁柱结构节点构造复杂,木梁刚度有限,结构抗侧刚度低,文中提出可适用于大跨结构的胶合木柱-钢梁框架结构。为研究节点的抗震性能与破坏模式,分别设计了3个无植筋增强节点试件和3个以植筋直径为变量的植筋增强胶合木柱-钢梁节点试件,并进行单调加载试验和低周反复荷载加载试验,研究节点的破坏模式、滞回曲线、骨架曲线和耗能能力等抗震性能。试验结果表明,植筋能有效提高胶合木柱的横纹局部承压能力及节点抗弯刚度与抗弯极限承载力,但增大植筋直径对其影响较小;植筋能显著增强节点的耗能能力,有利于节点的抗震性能的提高;柔性端板与刚性端板的破坏模式不同,柔性端板呈S形变形破坏,节点转角变形大、抗弯刚度较弱,刚性端板为木柱横纹压缩变形破坏,且节点抗弯刚度和承载力较高;推导了节点抗弯极限承载力公式,理论值与实测值吻合较好。

胶合木柱-钢梁节点  /  横纹植筋  /  低周反复试验  /  抗震性能  /  耗能能力

In this paper, it is proposed that the frame structure of glulam pillar and steel beam can address the issues of complex joint structure, limited beam stiffness and low lateral stiffness of long span glulam beam and column structure joints. Three joint specimens without planted bar and three joint specimens with the diameter of planting reinforcement as a variable were designed. Monotonic loading experiment were conducted on two joint specimens without reinforcement, while other joint specimens underwent low-cycle repeated loading to obtain their seismic performance, including failure mode, hysteresis curve, skeleton curve and energy dissipation capacity. The experimental results show that the measure of reinforced with planted bar can effectively improve the local bearing capacity of the transverse grain, the flexural stiffness and ultimate bearing capacity of the joints, but the increase in the diameter of the reinforcing bar has little impact. The energy dissipation capacity of the joint can be significantly improved by the measure of reinforced with planted bar, and the seismic performance of the joint can be improved. The failure modes of flexible end plate and rigid end plate are different, the members of the flexible end plates are S-shaped deformation and failure mode, the joint angle deformation is large, the bending stiffness is small, and the rigid end plate members are the transverse compression deformation and failure of the wooden column, and the bending stiffness and bearing capacity of the joint are strong. The formulas for the ultimate flexural bearing capacity of the joints are derived, and the theoretical values agree well with the measured ones.

glulam-column reinforced with planted bar and steel beam joint  /  the grain of wood reinforced with planted bar  /  low cycle repeated loading  /  seismic performance  /  energy dissipation capacity
申欣洋, 陈伯望, 张子辉, 王怀, 赵振澜, 郭梓梁, 王晓晗. 植筋增强胶合木柱-钢梁节点抗震性能试验研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2025 , 45 (1) : 195 -204 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0120
Xinyang SHEN, Bowang CHEN, Zihui ZHANG, Huai WANG, Zhenlan ZHAO, Ziliang GUO, Xiaohan WANG. Experimental study on seismic performance of glulam-column reinforced with planted bar and steel-beam joint[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2025 , 45 (1) : 195 -204 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0120
有大量的文献在研究关于木结构植筋节点和胶合木梁柱内置钢板螺栓连接节点[1],但是对于纯木结构,无论采用何种加固技术提高强度,始终存在初始刚度和承载力较低的问题[2],并且胶合木梁由于刚度较低而设计通常由挠度控制,极限荷载下的破坏模式一般为受拉区脆性断裂[3-4]。另外胶合木梁柱内置钢板螺栓节点几乎相当于一个铰接点,没有抵抗弯矩的能力,因此由这样节点构成的框架结构梁的跨中挠度很可能会超过挠度容许值[5]
由于纯木结构存在的不足难以解决,学者们在近些年对钢木组合结构和钢木混合结构开展了大量的研究。刘兴龙[6]以柱子的类型为基本变量,制作了3种钢-木组合梁柱边节点,试验结果表明:焊缝的开裂导致了3种节点的破坏;李波田[7]提出一种用钢套筒连接木梁柱的节点,该类型节点的破坏过程经历了弹性阶段以及屈服强化阶段,破坏集中在梁钢套端钢板处;罗盼[8]进行胶合木梁柱节点和钢木组合梁柱节点的低周反复对比试验,对比试验发现钢木组合梁柱节点发生了梁端螺栓的破坏;蒋天元[9]研究了钢-竹组合结构的连接节点的力学性能和破坏模式,其破坏现象为节点区梁端翼缘竹胶板脱胶撕裂以及组合柱节点区薄壁槽钢翼缘部分竹胶板脱胶。组合结构梁柱的连接方式已不再局限于传统方式纯木结构的螺栓连接和植筋连接,主要的连接方式为运用复杂的预制件进行螺杆的穿孔连接,此类组合结构节点均有良好的刚性和承载力,但是考虑到组合构件的制作和装配工业化的难度较高,其连接件的制作复杂程度较大,未来很难真正的投入到施工中使用。
组合结构和混合结构的最大区别在于它们的构件的组成,钢木组合结构的构件由钢材和木材通过连接件组装而成,而钢木混合结构的构件为纯木或纯钢,由木构件和钢构件在节点连接形成混合结构。相对于钢木组合结构复杂的构件组装和连接件的制作,钢木混合结构能充分发挥钢结构和木结构的各自力学性能的优点,节点连接方便,其构件的工业化程度较高,施工更加简便,结构更加易于运用于工程实际中,在国内已有多个钢木混合结构项目已经完工,例如长沙象山幼儿园[10]、上海崇明游泳馆[11]和上海西岸人工智能峰会B馆[12]。对于钢-木混合结构,近些年国内学者进行了大量相关的研究,主要研究集中于木框架-钢板剪力墙结构[13]、钢框架-木板剪力墙结构[14]、钢木混合剪力墙[15]的抗震性能研究,还未有钢木混合结构框架体系的研究,本文提出的胶合木柱-钢梁框架体系是对国内混合结构体系的重要补充。因此开展钢木混合结构框架结构体系相关试验研究以及完善其理论体系十分有必要。
由于胶合木柱横纹方向的力学性能较差,对节点的抗震性能造成不利影响,而在胶合木柱横纹方向植入钢筋能较大地提高其刚度与承载力[16],因此本文按照工程实际构件尺寸,分别设计了3个无植筋增强节点试件和3个以植筋直径为变量的植筋增强胶合木柱-钢梁足尺节点试件,并分别进行单调加载试验和低周反复试验,研究这类节点试件的破坏模式和抗震性能以及植筋增强对节点性能的影响,为实际工程的推广应用提供理论依据。
试验中设计了T形胶合木柱-H型钢梁框架节点(以下简称“节点”),一共设计6个足尺构件,构件分为N组和R组,N组为无植筋增强对照组,R组为植筋增强组;N-1和N-2试件进行单调加载试验,N-3和R组试件进行低周反复试验;除N-1试件为柔性端板试件用于模拟“强柱弱梁”模式,其余试件均为刚性端板试件作为“强梁弱柱”模式进行试验。试验参数详见表1。非植筋节点试件由胶合木柱(所用木材为东北落叶松)、Q235B级热轧H型钢梁、Q235B钢板和12.9级普通外六角螺栓组成,而植筋节点试件则是在非植筋节点试件的基础上,通过在胶合木柱与钢梁端板接触的横纹面植入不同直径的HRB400E级螺纹钢筋组成。
试件的几何尺寸及构造如图1所示,端板和木柱连接螺栓的端距、边距、间距以及行距参考GB 50017—2017《钢结构设计标准》[17]和GB 50005—2017《木结构设计标准》[18]设计。其中:胶合木柱截面尺寸为300 mm×300 mm,长度1 000 mm;H型钢梁截面尺寸为300 mm×150 mm×7 mm×9 mm(H×B×t1×t2),长度1200 mm;12.9级M18螺栓杆件长度为400 mm,直径18 mm;植入螺纹钢筋长度为300 mm,直径12、14、16 mm;柔性端板尺寸为450 mm×200 mm,厚度为12 mm,刚性端板在柔性端板的基础上增强。
本文节点试验柱子的长度1 m不符合反弯点之间的长度,考虑到具体试验具体分析,由于钢梁和木柱接触面的过度凹陷导致了节点转角过大,从而造成了进行低周反复试验的试件的破坏,而柱子的长度并不影响木柱的凹陷,较短的柱子可以有效地避免材料的浪费并且节约试验成本。
为了实现结构和构件截面的延性破坏以及节点不先于构件破坏的抗震设计目标,实际工程必须要做到“强节点”、“强柱弱梁”、“强剪弱弯”。在试验过程中,为了获得柱的承载力,试验一般采用“强梁弱柱”的节点试验,聚焦柱的受力性能,达到正确确定柱的承载力的目的,当柱的承载力确定后,在实际工程中可以对应增大柱的承载力和刚度以实现“强柱弱梁”的设计目标。
为保证木柱螺栓孔位置与钢板螺栓孔位置一致,故先对钢板进行钻孔,后用钢板对准木柱螺栓孔位置进行定位打孔。木柱植筋孔位置依据端板上螺栓孔位置确定,植筋位置如图2所示,植筋试件在正常室内条件下养护。待胶层完全凝固后,将木柱、H型钢梁和钢板用M18螺栓进行组装,形成节点试件。以往木结构植筋研究表明[19],胶层厚度在2~6 mm范围内增强效果较为理想,本试验中植筋构件胶层厚度统一采用2 mm。使用全高植筋的方式对木柱进行增强,钢筋长度为300 mm。
选用的H型热轧型钢及钢板均为Q235级钢材,由正规厂家生产。试验使用的东北落叶松平均含水率为14.61%,质量密度为0.613 g/cm3,顺纹抗拉强度为114.47 MPa、顺纹抗压强度为65.59 MPa、横纹抗拉强度为4.56 MPa、横纹抗压强度为4.49 MPa、横纹销槽承压强度为4.49 MPa,抗弯弹性模量为12800 MPa。
所使用的植筋钢筋采用上海旖轩实业有限公司生产的HRB400E钢筋,钢筋的力学性能由产品质量证明书上得到,12、14、16 mm钢筋的屈服强度和极限强度如表2所示。
试验用液压伺服系统进行加载,试验加载装置如图3所示。本试验的加载制度参照我国JGJ/T 101—2015《建筑抗震试验规程》[20]提出的荷载-位移混合控制加载方法,全程采用位移控制加载。加载步骤如下。
1)以0.5 mm/s的加载速度对试验进行1 mm的预加载,保持20 s,然后卸载。
2)各节点梁端荷载-位移数据由FTS电液伺服加载系统自动采集,试验加载采用位移控制,当加载幅值在0~51 mm内,每级加载位移以3 mm递增,当加载幅值大于51 mm时,加载位移以5 mm递增,每级位移重复循环加载2次。当加载幅值在0~30 mm内,加载速度设置为0.5 mm/s,当加载幅值大于30 mm,加载速度设置为1 mm/s。
对比2组单推试验,柔性端板试件最终的破坏是由于端板发生S形变形,考虑试验安全性,认为不适合继续加载便终止试验,而刚性端板试件的端板有足够的刚度,当试验荷载持续增大,端板木材接触面压缩量过大导致了试件的破坏,破坏现象如图4所示。
4组低周反复试验在加载初期,由于木材纤维的断裂,随着荷载的增大,伴随着清脆的木材撕裂声,受拉侧端板抬高,受压侧端板凹陷入木材内,无植筋构件由于木材横纹压缩量过大而停止试验,而植筋构件在其基础上发生了植筋的凸出破坏,破坏现象如图5所示。
模拟强柱弱梁的柔性节点试件由于端板较薄且未采用相应的增强措施,其刚度和承载力均较低,而半刚性节点试件中,钢梁和胶合木柱均采用了加强措施,相对于钢梁有显著的加强效果,横纹植筋增强的胶合木柱由于植筋胶层的脱落,其钢筋并未完全发挥作用,最终导致了强梁弱柱形式的破坏,但整个半刚性节点试件的刚度和承载力均高于柔性节点试件,这说明焊接肋板和植筋的节点增强方式均能有效提高节点的力学性能,并且根据工程实际的具体要求,调整节点加强的方式将节点设计为强柱弱梁形式亦能使节点拥有较好的力学性能。
为避免钢梁弯曲变形、木柱受压核心区间剪切变形以及木柱轴向位移对梁柱相对转角测量的影响[21],本试验中梁柱的相对转角通过固定在梁端板上的D1D2位移计来间接测量,如图3所示。梁柱的相对转角可通过式(1)计算:
式中:θ为梁相对于柱的转角(rad);ΔD1ΔD2分别为位移计D1D2所测得的位移(mm);h为位移计D1D2之间的直线距离,本试验h=400 mm。
对比柔性端板和刚性端板的单推试验,发现当节点连接端板为柔性时,节点的承载力能力由端板的变形控制,当节点连接端板为刚性时,节点的承载力由木材的压缩量控制,如图6所示。
对比4组试件的滞回曲线发现:
1)相对于无植筋试件,植筋增强构件的滞回曲线更加的饱满,这说明植筋增强能够有效提高节点的耗能能力。
2)滞回曲线图在加载后期的峰值极限弯矩均经历小幅度的下降,随后回升至下降前幅度,这是因为钢筋植筋的凸出的瞬间使得钢筋提供的反力减小,当凸出钢筋顶到端板又使得应力重新分布。
3)滞回曲线捏缩明显是因为低周反复试验构件的滑移现象较为严重。造成这种现象有2种原因,第1个是因为随着荷载持续增大,木材与钢梁连接打孔处螺栓和木材持续挤压,螺栓和木材的孔道空隙增大,此刻再加载时节点的低刚度滑移显著增长。第2个是因为梁柱接触面亦在持续挤压,接触面压陷深度过深,当进入木材塑性变形阶段后,接触面的压缩量将不再反弹,此刻再加载时会造成较大的低刚度滑移。
将每次循环加载达到的弯矩最大峰值点连成线,绘制成总的骨架曲线图如图7所示。由图可知,每级循环R组试件的骨架曲线均经历一小段下降段,随后荷载反弹至下降前的水平,随着加载幅值增大,节点试件可继续承载。这是因为节点试件在加载期间会经历植筋胶层的破坏,这会导致曲线下降段的产生,当钢筋凸出顶住端板可造成应力重分布,此时受压段提供反力的部件由植筋胶层转变到植筋钢筋。
将正负加载下的抗弯刚度和极限弯矩做归一化处理列于表3表3括号中的数据为植筋组数据和未植筋组数据的比值)。由表可知:①在低周反复的情况下,节点存在明显的弹性阶段和塑性阶段;②横纹植筋的节点增强方法能有效提高节点刚度和极限弯矩,其刚度Ks和极限弯矩Mu分别是无植筋节点的1.14~2.02和1.25~1.64倍。
选取各加载幅值27~42 mm下的滞回环并且计算滞回环所包围的面积,滞回环越饱满,面积越大说明该节点的耗能能力越强[22]。将计算所得的面积也就是单圈耗能U列于表4中并做归一化处理。
表4可知,未做植筋增强的N-3节点试件的耗能能力最差,植筋增强节点试件的耗能能力为N-3节点试件的耗能能力的1.5~3倍,这说明植筋增强对节点耗能性能有显著的增强效果。当位移加载幅值≥33 mm时,R16节点试件的植筋完全发挥作用,耗能能力大于R12和R14节点试件,这表明增大植筋的直径有助于提高节点的耗能能力。
等效黏滞阻尼系数ζ是衡量试件耗能能力的无量纲参数,与试件刚度和耗能有关[23],各试件典型滞回环的等效黏滞阻尼系数如图8所示。
图8可知:①R12和R14节点试件的系数相对稳定,系数分别在0.045~0.06和0.07~0.09区间内,R16节点构件的系数在加载初期较小,随着加载幅值的增大而增大,最后趋于稳定,这说明通过横纹植筋增强的节点试件的耗能能力较为稳定,并且随着加载幅值的增大其耗能能力有增大的趋势。②植筋增强节点试件均有一个系数峰值点,在峰值点之后会趋于水平且缓慢上增,这是因为植筋钢筋被突然顶住,钢筋和木材之间的胶层力一部分失效,节点构件产生滑移,耗能能力短时间的下降,等效黏滞阻尼系数会突然下降。
通过螺杆表面粘贴应变片的方式去测量螺杆的实际拉力,测量的螺杆为受拉侧螺杆。应变片和位移计的数据采集由静态测试系统DH3821同步采集,测试装置如图9所示。
由以上装置可得到各个试件螺杆的微应变ε1,通过式(2)得到螺杆拉力Ft
式中:ε1为螺杆的微应变;E1为螺杆的弹性模量;A1为螺杆的截面面积。
通过试验可以观察到:①节点破坏时,钢梁端板未有明显的变形;②随着荷载增大,梁相对柱的转动中心往受压侧边缘移动,节点破坏时,受压侧高度大约为钢梁端板长度1/3;③植筋胶层完全破坏之后节点仍能继续承载。
结合试验现象,对节点承载力计算作出以下假定:
1)钢梁端板刚性假定,胶合木横纹压缩凹陷变形后端板与胶合木柱的接触面为平面。
2)节点破坏时,端板相对柱的转动中心位于相距钢端板受压侧边缘150 mm处。
3)植筋受压承载力取决于植筋与木材之间的胶层提供的摩擦力。
4)木材横纹受压应力-应变本构关系视作理想弹塑性关系,如图10所示。胶合木柱横纹局部承压屈服强度6.8 MPa、屈服应变1.2%作为屈服应力应变特征点,极限压应变εu为5%。
R组试件进行低周反复试验的试件在加载过程中受力情况分为2个阶段,首先在加载初期,梁端力较小,受压侧给梁端钢板提供反力的是胶合木柱和植筋胶层,随着梁端荷载增大,受压侧胶层力达到极限值,钢筋顶出与两头钢板相接触,弯矩转角曲线在一段小陡降之后仍然呈上升趋势,此时受压侧给梁端钢板提供反力的是胶合木柱与植筋钢筋,这为第2个阶段,当木柱和端板接触面压缩量超过8 mm或者荷载趋于平缓时认为节点已经达到破坏,以此节点破坏的临界状态进行受力分析。
植筋构件节点域的受力情况如图11所示。根据基本假定,木材横纹承压变形分为2个阶段,分别为弹性阶段和塑性阶段,当受压区木材凹陷深度小于3.6 mm时,木材受压区处于弹性变形阶段,对应于图11的三角形部分,当受压区木材凹陷深度为3.6 mm时,木材进入塑性变形阶段,对应于图11的矩形部分,对受压区压缩量进行测量,弹性受压区高度为50 mm,塑性受压区高度为100 mm,其中F1为边缘处受拉螺杆拉力,F2为中间受拉螺拉力,h为受压区高度(150 mm),fc为木材横纹承压强度,N为植筋提供的反力。
根据基本假定和力学知识,钢梁端板为刚性端板,F1F2的大小之比和它们到转动中心的距离之比相关,同时木材受压区的梯形均布力等效为集中力,因此节点域力平衡图可简化为图12所示。
图12M为节点域弯矩,F3为受拉螺栓的合力,N为植筋钢筋提供的反力,Fc为木材受压区等化的集中力,按式(3)计算其值,O′为F3的力作用点,O为梁相对柱的转动中心,H1FcF3作用点的距离,H2NF3作用点的距离。
式中:k为横纹局部承压调整系数,参考GB 50005—2017《木结构设计标准》[18]和欧洲木结构设计标准EC5[24]对局部长度横纹承压调整系数的取值,当承压面长度大于150 mm时,k=1。l为受压面的高度,由节点试件的尺寸可知l为200 mm。
图11中,F1距离O点250 mm,F2距离O点75 mm,所以F2 =0.3F1,因此它们的合力F3 =1.3F1。根据竖向力平衡可列出只含有未知数N的等式,求得各个试件在节点破坏时植筋提供的反力N的大小。
根据式(4)可得出N,用它和钢筋极限承载力做比值可得到节点在低周反复荷载作用下的非均匀受压植筋强度发挥系数ηr,数值如表5所示。
O′点取矩,如图12所示。可得式(5):
式中:H1为局部分布力的合力FcO′的距离;H2为钢筋反力NO′点的距离(本文按构件尺寸分别计算可得313、360 mm);fu为钢筋的极限强度(由表2可获得)。
由式(2)~式(5)计算得到各组节点极限受弯承载力理论值,并与试验值进行比较,如表6所示。
表6可知,理论值略低于试验值,理论值与试验值的误差较小,误差范围在12%以内,证明该计算方法用于预测低周反复加载情况下节点的极限承载力较为准确。
1)胶合木柱-钢梁节点构造简单,有较强的抗弯承载力和较大的抗弯刚度,抗震性能较好。
2)未植筋增强胶合木柱-钢梁节点的耗能能力最差,植筋增强节点的耗能能力最大提高了3.24倍,说明植筋增强对节点耗能性能有显著的增强效果,增大植筋直径有助于提高节点耗能能力。
3)植筋增强能够显著提高节点的抗弯刚度和极限弯矩。植筋增强节点的刚度和极限弯矩比无植筋节点分别最大提高了2.05倍和1.64倍,但改变植筋的直径对其抗弯刚度和极限弯矩影响较小。
4)节点连接端板为柔性端板时,节点的承载力由端板的变形控制,当节点连接端板为刚性端板时,节点的承载力由木材的压缩量控制;柔性端板变形较大,有利于结构抗震耗能,但节点刚度和受弯承载力偏低。
5)推导了横纹增强胶合木柱-钢梁节点极限承载力计算公式,理论值与试验值较为吻合,最大误差为11.84%。
  • 湖南省重点研发计划项目(2024JK2048)
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2025年第45卷第1期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2025.0120
  • 接收时间:2024-06-12
  • 首发时间:2026-03-20
  • 出版时间:2025-02-28
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  • 收稿日期:2024-06-12
  • 修回日期:2024-07-08
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湖南省重点研发计划项目(2024JK2048)
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    中南林业科技大学 土木工程学院,湖南 长沙 410004

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陈伯望(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事竹木结构研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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