Article(id=1245390361267388664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0614, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1693411200000, receivedDateStr=2023-08-31, revisedDate=1695744000000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-27, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853800359, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853800359, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853800359, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853800359, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390357958082790, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='237', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853799571, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854467826, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224589, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245393160877224590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390357958082790, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=150, endPage=160, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390361753927938, articleId=1245390361267388664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Simulation of the coupling mechanism between medium flowing vibration effects and seismic response of crossing oil pipeline, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To explore the coupling mechanism of the time-varying fluid-solid coupling vibration of the medium flowing through the pipeline on the seismic response, the oil pipeline supported on the diagonal spanning structure is taken as the research object. Considering the time-varying characteristics of the dynamics during the medium flowing process through the pipeline and adopting the two-way fluid-solid coupling theoretical model, the theoretical method for calculating the coupling between the medium time-varying fluid-solid coupling vibration and seismic response is proposed, and a finite element simulation model for the coupled medium-pipeline-span system is established. By setting the calculation parameters and boundary conditions of the coupling interface, the simulation is carried out. In the finite element simulation model, by setting the calculation parameters of the medium, fluid, pipeline, crossing structures, and considering the boundary conditions of the coupling interface, simulation calculations were carried out. The displacements and acceleration responses at the end of the bridge platform and the cross-section of the pipeline across the location were extracted for calculations and comparative analysis with the calculation results without considering the medium flowing vibration effects was carried out. The results show that: when the medium flows from the left side of the pipeline to the right side over time, the state changes of different fluids in the pipeline caused by the medium flow and the seismic coupling result in differences in the pipeline displacement response and acceleration response distributions along the pipeline length. When the source of the medium flow reaches about 4/5 of the pipeline length over time, the peak displacement response and peak acceleration response of the media occur all the time. The coupling response of the right half of the pipeline is larger than that of the left half of the pipeline, and the calculation results of the pipe cross-section at six typical locations in the right half of the cross-section reveal the general rules of the medium flowing vibration coupling with the seismic response. Under the same conditions, the displacement coupling response of the pipeline considering the medium flowing vibration effects coupling with seismic response is approximately 2.7 times that without considering the medium flowing vibration effects. It indicates that the fluid-solid coupling vibration considering the medium flowing vibration effects has non-negligible effects on the earthquake response.

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为探索介质流经管道的经时流固耦合振动对地震响应的耦合机理,以支撑在斜拉跨越结构上的输油管道为研究对象,考虑介质流经管道过程的动力学时变特点,采用双向流固耦合理论模型,提出了介质经时流固耦合振动效应与地震响应耦合计算的理论方法,建立了介质-管道-跨越耦合系统的有限元仿真模型,通过设置介质、流体、管道和跨越结构的计算参数及耦合界面边界条件,开展了仿真模拟计算,提取了桥台端部和跨越区段位置处管道截面的位移、加速度响应计算结果,并和不考虑经时效应的计算结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:在介质从左侧流经管道到达右侧的过程中,介质流动引起管道内不同流体的状态变化,与地震耦合作用下,管道位移响应和加速度响应沿管道长度分布差异大;介质流动源头达到管道全长约4/5经时状态,出现了介质经时全部时程内的位移响应峰值和加速度响应峰值;右半侧管道的耦合响应整体较左半侧大,通过分析右半侧跨越区段6个典型位置处管道截面的计算结果,揭示了介质经时振动对地震响应影响的一般规律;相同条件下,考虑介质经时流固耦合振动效应的管道位移耦合响应约为不考虑经时的2.7倍,且位移耦合响应云图更复杂,这说明介质经时的流固耦合振动对地震响应具有不可忽视的效应。

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翁光远(1977—),男,教授,博士,主要从事油气输送管线工程结构抗震及健康监测研究。E-mail:

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翁光远(1977—),男,教授,博士,主要从事油气输送管线工程结构抗震及健康监测研究。E-mail:

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翁光远(1977—),男,教授,博士,主要从事油气输送管线工程结构抗震及健康监测研究。E-mail:

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Beijing: China Planning Press, 2017. (in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390398798020831, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390361267388664, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=57, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=44, authorNames=WENG G Y, HUI Y, CAO J T, journalName=Structures, refType=null, unstructuredReference=WENG G Y, HUI Y, CAO J T. Time-varying mechanism of fluid-structure interaction vibration effects and dynamic characteristics of the cross-over pipeline when the medium flows[J]. Structures, 2023, 57: 105151., articleTitle=Time-varying mechanism of fluid-structure interaction vibration effects and dynamic characteristics of the cross-over pipeline when the medium flows, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1245390394142343176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390361267388664, awardId=52174061, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金面上项目(52174061), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1245390394226229261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390361267388664, awardId=YCS23114154, language=CN, fundingSource=西安石油大学研究生创新与实践能力培养计划项目(YCS23114154), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245390378799579842, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390361267388664, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390378807968451, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390361267388664, 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tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390361267388664, language=CN, label=图9, caption=考虑/不考虑经时振动效应的管道位移响应云图, figureFileSmall=bc1RvBNceZ1xxciqZ5SisA==, figureFileBig=2N6udmTSVd8yZ0F7T0NccQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390393664193525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390361267388664, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic parameters of each main component

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部件材质弹性模量/Pa泊松比密度/(kg/m3规格/mm
管道X602.06×10110.307850.00ϕ 711×12.7
支座橡胶支座0.78×1090.470.94
桁架梁Q3452.10×10110.307850.00
), ArticleFig(id=1245390393831965693, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390361267388664, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

各主要部件基本参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
部件材质弹性模量/Pa泊松比密度/(kg/m3规格/mm
管道X602.06×10110.307850.00ϕ 711×12.7
支座橡胶支座0.78×1090.470.94
桁架梁Q3452.10×10110.307850.00
), ArticleFig(id=1245390393924240384, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390361267388664, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

The first 10 natural frequencies and corresponding vibration modes of the structural system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数振型特点计算频率/Hz实际频率/Hz误差/%阶数振型特点计算频率/Hz实际频率/Hz误差/%
第1阶反对称横弯0.4630.4414.99第6阶对称竖弯1.6741.7705.42
第2阶对称横弯0.4900.4665.15第7阶反对称竖弯1.7581.6655.59
第3阶反对称竖弯0.7580.7215.13第8阶桥塔横弯1.7611.6208.70
第4阶反对称横弯1.1951.2111.32第9阶异侧横弯2.2182.1075.26
第5阶对称横弯1.2301.3508.89第10阶异侧横弯2.2342.4538.93
), ArticleFig(id=1245390394037485572, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390361267388664, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

结构系统前10阶自振频率及相应振型特点

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数振型特点计算频率/Hz实际频率/Hz误差/%阶数振型特点计算频率/Hz实际频率/Hz误差/%
第1阶反对称横弯0.4630.4414.99第6阶对称竖弯1.6741.7705.42
第2阶对称横弯0.4900.4665.15第7阶反对称竖弯1.7581.6655.59
第3阶反对称竖弯0.7580.7215.13第8阶桥塔横弯1.7611.6208.70
第4阶反对称横弯1.1951.2111.32第9阶异侧横弯2.2182.1075.26
第5阶对称横弯1.2301.3508.89第10阶异侧横弯2.2342.4538.93
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跨越式输油管道介质经时振动效应与地震响应耦合机理仿真
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翁光远 , 曹婧婷 , 翟瑶 , 徐琳杰 , 惠洋
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(6): 150-160
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(6): 150-160
跨越式输油管道介质经时振动效应与地震响应耦合机理仿真
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翁光远 , 曹婧婷, 翟瑶, 徐琳杰, 惠洋
作者信息
  • 西安石油大学 机械工程学院,陕西 西安 710065
  • 翁光远(1977—),男,教授,博士,主要从事油气输送管线工程结构抗震及健康监测研究。E-mail:

Simulation of the coupling mechanism between medium flowing vibration effects and seismic response of crossing oil pipeline
Guangyuan WENG , Jingting CAO, Yao ZHAI, Linjie XU, Yang HUI
Affiliations
  • School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0614
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为探索介质流经管道的经时流固耦合振动对地震响应的耦合机理,以支撑在斜拉跨越结构上的输油管道为研究对象,考虑介质流经管道过程的动力学时变特点,采用双向流固耦合理论模型,提出了介质经时流固耦合振动效应与地震响应耦合计算的理论方法,建立了介质-管道-跨越耦合系统的有限元仿真模型,通过设置介质、流体、管道和跨越结构的计算参数及耦合界面边界条件,开展了仿真模拟计算,提取了桥台端部和跨越区段位置处管道截面的位移、加速度响应计算结果,并和不考虑经时效应的计算结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:在介质从左侧流经管道到达右侧的过程中,介质流动引起管道内不同流体的状态变化,与地震耦合作用下,管道位移响应和加速度响应沿管道长度分布差异大;介质流动源头达到管道全长约4/5经时状态,出现了介质经时全部时程内的位移响应峰值和加速度响应峰值;右半侧管道的耦合响应整体较左半侧大,通过分析右半侧跨越区段6个典型位置处管道截面的计算结果,揭示了介质经时振动对地震响应影响的一般规律;相同条件下,考虑介质经时流固耦合振动效应的管道位移耦合响应约为不考虑经时的2.7倍,且位移耦合响应云图更复杂,这说明介质经时的流固耦合振动对地震响应具有不可忽视的效应。

跨越式输油管道  /  介质  /  经时振动  /  流固耦合  /  地震响应  /  耦合  /  仿真

To explore the coupling mechanism of the time-varying fluid-solid coupling vibration of the medium flowing through the pipeline on the seismic response, the oil pipeline supported on the diagonal spanning structure is taken as the research object. Considering the time-varying characteristics of the dynamics during the medium flowing process through the pipeline and adopting the two-way fluid-solid coupling theoretical model, the theoretical method for calculating the coupling between the medium time-varying fluid-solid coupling vibration and seismic response is proposed, and a finite element simulation model for the coupled medium-pipeline-span system is established. By setting the calculation parameters and boundary conditions of the coupling interface, the simulation is carried out. In the finite element simulation model, by setting the calculation parameters of the medium, fluid, pipeline, crossing structures, and considering the boundary conditions of the coupling interface, simulation calculations were carried out. The displacements and acceleration responses at the end of the bridge platform and the cross-section of the pipeline across the location were extracted for calculations and comparative analysis with the calculation results without considering the medium flowing vibration effects was carried out. The results show that: when the medium flows from the left side of the pipeline to the right side over time, the state changes of different fluids in the pipeline caused by the medium flow and the seismic coupling result in differences in the pipeline displacement response and acceleration response distributions along the pipeline length. When the source of the medium flow reaches about 4/5 of the pipeline length over time, the peak displacement response and peak acceleration response of the media occur all the time. The coupling response of the right half of the pipeline is larger than that of the left half of the pipeline, and the calculation results of the pipe cross-section at six typical locations in the right half of the cross-section reveal the general rules of the medium flowing vibration coupling with the seismic response. Under the same conditions, the displacement coupling response of the pipeline considering the medium flowing vibration effects coupling with seismic response is approximately 2.7 times that without considering the medium flowing vibration effects. It indicates that the fluid-solid coupling vibration considering the medium flowing vibration effects has non-negligible effects on the earthquake response.

crossing pipeline  /  medium  /  medium flowing vibration  /  fluid-solid coupling  /  seismic response  /  coupling  /  simulation
翁光远, 曹婧婷, 翟瑶, 徐琳杰, 惠洋. 跨越式输油管道介质经时振动效应与地震响应耦合机理仿真. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (6) : 150 -160 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0614
Guangyuan WENG, Jingting CAO, Yao ZHAI, Linjie XU, Yang HUI. Simulation of the coupling mechanism between medium flowing vibration effects and seismic response of crossing oil pipeline[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (6) : 150 -160 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0614
石油与天然气输送管线工程涉及范围广、技术难度大,尤其是高烈度地区大跨度跨越式输油气管道及其跨越结构的动力响应更加复杂。当地震发生时,管内介质与输油气管道耦合振动,并与地震共同作用使管道产生复杂振动和严重破坏,而介质经时振动产生的效应与地震响应耦合更加复杂,尚缺乏理论分析及计算方法。
为探明考虑介质经时振动效应对输流管道地震响应的影响,学者们开展了一系列的研究。XIE等[1]对斜拉跨越式结构的主塔部分横桥向地震响应进行了初步的探索。WESTERGAARD[2]基于不可压缩流体和刚性结构的假设,提出了采用附加质量的概念表征地震耦合作用。王丽娟[3]、梁军等[4]探究了流体流速、工作压力等参数对管道地震响应的影响。滕振超等[5]分析了热流固耦合场对管道地震响应的影响。高建等[6]给出了管道跨越结构地震响应的时程曲线,并进行了相应的理论分析。杨永清等[7]分析了悬索跨越管线中管道-悬索跨越结构地震响应的影响。伍小平等[8]、庄小将等[9]针对管道及大跨斜拉桥的地震响应开展了一系列研究工作。杨海洋等[10]、张卉等[11]针对管道的尺度和空间组成开展了多因素耦合的地震响应分析。YI等[12]、张超等[13]对不同主塔形状斜拉跨越的动力特性及地震响应开展了研究。王德光等[14]、赵人达等[15]、贾毅等[16]采用地震荷载多种组合研究了斜拉跨越结构的动力特性和地震响应。YADI等[17]、WANG等[18]对斜拉桥地震响应的计算模型结构体系进行了研究。由此可见,斜拉跨越及其结构形式对地震响应的影响较大。因此,本文采用输流管道斜拉跨越典型的结构形式开展考虑介质经时流固耦合振动的地震响应耦合分析。
在流固耦合理论模型及应用方面,ZHAO等[19]针对弯曲管道内流体的流动导致管道的振动问题提出了一种基于拉普拉斯变化的矩阵传递方法,考虑流固耦合使管道的动力特性更符合实际状况[20]。FARHAT等[21]采用流体欧拉(Euler)方程或N-S方程建模表征了流固耦合效应。NIETO等[22]研究了二维URANS方法和SST k-ε湍流模型在流固耦合问题中的应用。WANG等[23]对水平管内的流体与管道模型进行数值分析,并建立流固耦合效应(fluid and structure interaction,FSI)框架,研究了流固耦合相互作用的响应结果。RAKHSHA等[24]对基于拉格朗日方法的流体动力学问题和计算流体动力学问题的技术进行对比。WANG等[25]采用流体浸入结构的流固耦合系统,对基于奇异值分解的模型方法和模态叠加法进行探索,为模拟线性与非线性FSI系统的研究奠定了基础。RICHTER等[26]引入并验证了基于流固耦合问题的新型欧拉坐标模型。WENG等[27-29]以斜拉跨越结构支承的输油管道为研究对象。研究了考虑油气介质作用的动力学方程,分别建立了考虑附加质量法和流固耦合效应的有限元模型结构。由此可见,在流固耦合流致振动效应方面有较多的理论模型成果,但直接描述介质经时流动引起输油管道产生振动效应的模型并不多见,仍需要进一步开展理论分析、仿真模拟和试验验证。
输油管道运行中受输送介质集输和流动变化的影响,管道及其跨越结构的动力特性具有复杂的时变特点,在环境激励、偶然载荷的作用下存在共振、耦合振动等问题。因此,本文在现有研究成果的基础上,开展介质流经大跨度柔性跨越结构支撑的输油管道时产生的流致振动效应与地震响应的耦合理论,建立经时振动与地震作用耦合的斜拉跨越式输油管道的有限元计算模型,研究介质经时振动效应与地震响应的耦合机理,为此类构造物的抗震设计提供重要的支撑。
管道内介质以某初始状态流入管道,当管道遭受地震作用时,导致输油气管道产生复杂振动,引起介质-管道流固耦合效应发生变化,变化后的流固耦合作用会使介质对管道内壁动压力及脉动压力等造成影响,反作用于输油管道,这种经时流致振动效应与管道的地震响应耦合在一起,产生不可忽视的复杂振动情况。
根据GB/T 50470—2017《油气输送管道线路工程抗震技术规范》[30],将跨越式输油气管道视为连续简支梁结构。考虑介质经时流固耦合振动效应的介质-管道结构地震响应动力学分析方程为
式中:M为包含油气介质的输油管道结构质量矩阵;C为考虑介质阻尼效应的输油管道结构阻尼矩阵;K为忽略介质流体的输油管道结构刚度矩阵;为输油管道结构的加速度向量;为输油管道结构的速度向量;x为输油管道结构的位移向量;Ft)为考虑了输送介质流体场与管道耦合振动和地震共同作用的动力荷载。
将介质视为不可压缩的理想液体,其流体域的连续性方程为
式中:为介质的速度向量;div为散度。介质的运动方程(N-S方程)为
式中:∇为梯度;∇2为拉普拉斯算子;为介质作用在管道结构上的质量力;ρω为介质的密度;p为管道内的压力;η为介质流动的黏度系数。
介质和管道结构相互作用条件如式(4)所示:
式中:为管道流固耦合接触面的法向运动速度;Uns1为管道流固耦合接触面的法向运动位移;为法向。
针对考虑介质经时流固耦合效应的管道,管内介质经时力学行为的流固耦合作用比较复杂,为准确描述流动过程中流体脉动压力与黏弹性效应变化情况,采用雷诺时程平均法(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations,RANS)中的雷诺应力模型作为流固耦合效应中的湍流模型,应用该模型对瞬态N-S方程即流体动量方程进行改进,将方程中的流体瞬态值分成平均值与脉动值,并回代流体方程做时程平均处理,如式(5)、式(6)所示:
式中:uii方向上速度瞬态值;i方向上速度平均值;i方向上速度脉动值;p为压力分量;为压力平均值;p′为压力脉动值。可得时程平均N-S方程为
式中:为速度的平均分量;xi =(x1x2x3)为笛卡尔坐标系;ρ为流体密度;μ为流体的动力黏度;t为时间。通过式(5)~式(7)建立完整的雷诺应力模型,对介质经时流固耦合效应进行求解。
对流固耦合界面,需将流体域与固体域的数据进行整合,并运用在整个耦合系统中。则整个耦合系统的解矢量为
式中,YfYs分别为流体与固体的求解矢量。
将节点数据表示成关于YfYs的控制方程矩阵形式:
式中,FfFs分别为流体与固体在耦合界面的子矩阵。该矩阵方程根据N-S方程和结构动力学迭代进行求解,采用弹簧光顺模型考虑流固耦合面动网格模型更新问题。设弹簧模型的弹力Fi
式中:ΔxiΔxj分别为节点i和节点j的位移;ni为与节点i相连的节点数量;kij为节点i与节点j之间的弹簧刚度,表达式为
式中,kfac为弹簧常数因子,该参数控制了扩散阻尼,参数取值范围为0~1,此参数越小,表示网格之间的阻尼越小,网格运动更容易扩散大更远的节点。当弹簧力达到平衡时,可得到节点位移差为
式中:m为迭代次数。当节点i的位移计算得到之后,即可更新网格位置为
本文以某独塔双索面斜拉管桥和输油气管道组成的结构系统为有限元分析的原型结构,取支撑在桁架梁上的输油管道为研究对象。桁架梁由竖杆、弦杆和斜腹杆等组成,均选用Q345结构钢,如图1所示。桁架沿斜拉管桥方向铺设的总长度为284 m,每榀桁架梁长度为2 m,每两榀布设一个支座,桁架梁上并排设置2根管道,管道采用X60管线钢材料,规格为ϕ711×12.7 mm,设计输送压力6.3 MPa,最高输油温度70℃。
管道、支座、桁架梁材性及基本力学参数如表1所示。在模拟中,支座与管道之间无滑动或分离,桁架梁共用节点处具有相同的位移和应力。
为研究流固耦合的流致振动效应与地震耦合机理,考察了工程实际所在地区的地震波参数。该输油管道结构处于8度区,二类场地,特征周期Tg为0.35 s。本文选择典型地震波El Centro波作为地震激励输入。选取地震波前25 s,时间间隔设置为0.02 s,共计1250个数据点。
采用ANSYS有限元分析程序建立的斜拉管跨越式输油管道的有限元计算模型如图2所示。对支座、管道均采用实体(Soild 186)单元,桁架梁采用梁(Beam 188)单元。对连续简支跨越式输油管道,两端施加固定约束、管道与各支座连接设为固定约束,桥台处管道为固结,管道、支座以及支座与桁架梁间设为刚性连接。介质视为不可压缩流体,密度设置为889 kg/m3,流速为2 m/s,使用六面体八节点单元建立流体域模型。
在有限元计算仿真软件中将流体域模型导入Fluent模块,进行网格划分并通过系统耦合System Coupling模块对流体域(fluent)模块与固体域(transient structural)模块中的数据进行结合,将流体域和固体域模块中的Setup分别和系统耦合System Coupling中的Setup连接,将Transient Structural模块中的Solution与Modal模块中的Model相连接,在系统耦合模块中设置湍流模型为雷诺应力模型,将流体密度设置为889 kg/m3、黏度系数设置为1.06 kg/(m•s),流体进出口速度设置为2 m/s并设置管道为50%充满度。添加弹簧光顺动网格模型,设置时间步为0.05 s及总求解时间为160 s,最小迭代次数为1,最大迭代次数为3。本文首先计算了结构系统的自振频率和模态振型,表2列出了前10阶自振频率和振动特点。
采用数据采集仪对实际结构的前10阶自振频率进行采集,并将对应振型的频率实测值与数值模拟结果进行对比,前10阶的模拟计算振动频率与实际测量值吻合性较好,其中第1阶反对称横弯的实际自振频率为0.441 Hz,模拟计算结果为0.463 Hz,仿真误差仅有4.99%,最大误差出现在第10阶异侧横弯,误差值为8.93%,误差皆不超过10%。可知,有限元模型的模拟计算结果与实测结果保持了较好的一致性,为后续的研究提供了可靠的基础。
根据介质源头完全流经管道的时间将整个跨越管道分为6部分、7个瞬时状态,如图3所示。介质流入管道前10 s对应入口初始状态,介质流体源头到达管道全长1/5、2/5、1/2、3/5、4/5,分别对应状态2、状态3、状态4、状态5、状态6,介质源头到达管道最末端为状态7。流经管道的时间为160 s,分别在7种瞬时状态的流体源头开始时间输入地震波时程,也就是分别在10、35、60、85、110、135、160 s时输入El Centro地震波,选取El Centro地震波的前25 s作为输入时程分析参数,最大加速度峰值出现在3、5、12、25 s,对应的主要频率段为2~4 Hz。在介质流经管道过程中采用7种模型描述经时振动效应与地震耦合作用的情况。
在考虑介质经时振动与地震耦合的有限元仿真模型求解中,根据牛顿-拉夫森方法进行迭代求解,基本原理是在每一个时间步将固体域的求解结果加载至流体域,流场发生变化后重新计算流体域,并将更新后的流体域结果作用在固体域,按以上步骤反复迭代,最终达到流固耦合系统收敛的结果,其收敛准则如式(14)所示:
式中:为当前迭代步的荷载分量;为上一个迭代步的荷载分量。当时,认为耦合系统是收敛的,而
介质流经管道时,流体的分布情况发生了较大变化,流体的状态是计算介质经时流固耦合力学行为的基础。在有限元计算的结果中,本文提取了介质流经输油管道瞬态以及稳定流动的典型分布图,如图4所示。
图4可知,当介质以定速流入管道端口时,入口部分的流体分布主要包括了输送的原油以及液面附近低、高浓度气液混合物和被原油压缩的管内空气。各种流体在管内按照密度大小从下至上依次分布,管道受左桥台位置处的约束,流致振动的效应比较小;随着介质流经中间区段的跨越部分,各种流体的分布变得非常复杂,原油流体的分布呈现高度的非连续性特点,高、低浓度气液混合物的过渡区域不再呈现明显的层流特点,被原油压缩的空气气柱不连续,在各种流体共同作用下,介质随着管道内压流动过程中,管道产生比较明显的振动效应;在右侧桥台,管内的介质流出管道的过程中,各种流体的分布又开始趋于比较明显的层流特点。
由此可见,介质流经管道时流体的复杂分布对经时力学行为的描述带来难度。因此,本文根据流体域的计算结果,将管道的经时振动效应视为7种瞬态模型,并与地震响应进行耦合计算分析,以关键部位(桥台、跨越段)为对象,分析考虑经时振动效应的地震位移响应和加速度响应。
在考虑介质经时振动效应的跨越式输油管道有限元计算模型中,通过设置流速、摩阻力、黏弹性系数和管道内压,计算得出介质流动源头流经整个管道的时间为160 s,在160 s内对7种流经状态的管道模型连续施加El Centro地震波,得出桥台位置、不同跨越区段位置的地震位移响应和加速度响应,并与文献[31]进行分析对比。经反复试算并分析结果,在介质流动源头经过管道全长4/5至全部流过的过程中,经时振动效应最显著,因此,本文取在介质经时135~160 s输入地震波的耦合响应计算结果进行分析。
根据计算结果,管道截面各个单元的位移响应时程有所差别,但为了便于分析经时振动效应对地震响应的影响,取圆形管道截面顶点位置处的位移响应计算结果进行分析。图5为输油管道在左、右桥台位置处的160 s之内的经时振动位移响应、经时振动与地震耦合位移响应的时程曲线。
图5可知,考虑介质经时振动效应的输油管道模型地震位移响应随介质流动和地震波作用变化复杂,左、右桥台位置处管道截面的位移响应变化也有明显的差异。介质流入管道前10 s内,出现较小的经时振动位移响应;10~30 s内,经时振动位移响应几乎为零;随着介质流入管道跨越区段,在30~90 s内,经时振动位移响应按照一定的频率在较小的范围内波动,此时的管道处于微振颤抖状态;在90~135 s内,介质流动源头流过了全部管道3/5位置,桥台处管道截面的经时振动位移响应突然增大,并呈现复杂的非线性随机振动趋势,此种状态有可能引发管道的微振疲劳;在135~160 s内,介质经时振动位移响应与地震位移响应耦合,桥台处管道截面的位移响应呈现出复杂超高次非线性,在该经时时间段内,左右桥台处的管道截面分别在第139.92 s和第145.8 s达到峰值。由此可见,介质的经时振动位移与地震位移耦合在一起,大大增加了跨越式输油管道振动的复杂性。
图5还可知,前135 s内,左、右桥台处管道截面介质经时振动位移响应具有较大的差异性,而并非呈现简单的对称分布。这是因为介质的不均匀分布使输油管道输送介质时的动力特性有较大的差异。左侧桥台处管道截面的耦合位移响应在139 s左右达到峰值0.030 m;右侧桥台管道截面位移响应在145 s左右达到峰值0.016 m,二者相差近一倍,说明了介质经时振动效应对输油管道地震响应的影响是复杂的。
同理,图6为输油管道截面位于桥台位置处的经时振动加速度响应、经时振动与地震耦合加速度响应的时程曲线。
图6可知,介质经时振动加速度响应和耦合振动加速度响应在全部时程内具有非常显著的突变点。前90 s内,左、右桥台的经时振动加速度响应都几乎为0,超过90 s后,随着介质流动源头超过管道全长的中间位置,经时振动加速度响应有所增大;90~130 s的经时振动加速度响应曲线中,109 s时左、右桥台位置处的管道截面的加速度响应均有较大突变,出现了经时加速度响应的峰值;135~160 s内,经时振动加速度响应和地震加速度响应耦合在一起,数值上明显增大,出现了经时振动与地震耦合加速度响应的峰值。
图6还可知,左、右桥台介质经时振动加速度响应基本上是相同的,但在经时振动与地震耦合作用下,左、右桥台位置处管道截面的加速度响应差异显著,右侧桥台位置处的管道截面加速度响应变化较左侧复杂,峰值加速度响应也大于左侧,这说明了地震耦合作用下,经时振动加速度响应的时程分布出现了较大的随机性。
根据跨越式输油管道的结构特点,跨越区段内经时振动效应、经时振动与地震耦合的效应均与桥台位置处有明显的差异。在有限元模拟计算的基础上,本文取输油管道模型跨中截面以右12、23、34、38、46、61 m等6个典型关键位置的计算结果进行分析。按照经时振动的特点,同前文,在135 s时的流经瞬时状态开始输入地震波,得到跨越区段经时振动效应、经时振动与地震耦合效应的时程曲线。
跨越区段6个典型截面的经时振动位移响应(0~135 s)、经时振动与地震耦合位移响应(135~160 s)时程曲线见图7
图7可知,在前30 s内,6个典型位置处管道截面的位移响应几乎为0,是由于介质在管内流动源头达到的距离较短,且基本上处于相对稳定的流动状态,几乎不诱发管道的振动;30~90 s内,管道内的介质逐渐向管道中间部位流动,在这个过程中,6个典型位置处管道截面的位移响应变化情况基本相同,随经时时间产生微小的类似于正弦波规律的位移响应;90~135 s内,随着跨越区段流入介质的增多,介质经时振动位移响应随经时时间明显增大,且不再具有正弦曲线的规律性,在这个过程中,6个典型位置处管道截面均在128 s左右出现了介质经时振动位移响应峰值,并且随截面距离中间位置越远,经时振动位移响应峰值越大;135~160 s内,6个典型位置处管道截面的经时振动与地震耦合作用下的位移响应均大幅增加,时程曲线呈现高次非线性随机变化的特点,耦合位移响应峰值较经时振动位移响应峰值均增大较多,从跨中较近处的截面1至较远处的截面6,增大的量值分别为0.145、0.139、0.127、0.073、0.041、0.041 m,再结合图7中经时振动位移响应时程分布和耦合位移响应时程分布的特点,可以得出,介质的经时振动对跨越区段的地震位移响应影响更大。
比较图5图7可知,跨越式输油管道经时振动与地震耦合作用下,跨越区段的经时振动位移响应、耦合位移响应均明显大于桥台位置的位移响应,且分布比桥台位置更复杂,在跨越区段内,距中间位置较近,管道截面的经时振动位移响应、耦合位移响应均较大,该计算分析结果对确定跨越式输油管道抗震关键部位具有理论参考价值。
跨越区段6个典型截面的经时振动加速度响应(0~135 s)、经时振动与地震耦合加速度响应(135~160 s)时程曲线见图8
图8可知,在87 s前,典型位置处的6个管道截面经时振动加速度响应均几乎为0;87~135 s内,管道截面的经时振动加速度响应均有所增加,在这个过程中,6个截面的经时振动加速度响应基本上具有相同的变化特点,且均在不同时间点出现了2次突变,在135~160 s内,经时振动与地震共同作用下,耦合加速度响应呈现复杂的随机分布,从跨越中间位置向右,截面1、截面2、截面3均出现了3次较大的突变,且随着经时时间1次达到峰值加速度响应,截面4出现2次突变,截面5和截面6均只出现了1次突变,且在该时刻达到了峰值加速度响应。同理,比较图6图8也可知,跨越区段截面的经时振动加速度响应、耦合加速度响应均比桥台位置截面大,且变化复杂。
本文分别计算了跨越式输油管道有限元计算模型在284 m范围内介质流固耦合效应和地震响应的耦合结果,同时计算了介质从跨越结构左侧以2 m/s的速度流经284 m管道过程中经时流固耦合振动效应和地震响应的耦合结果,位移响应云图见图9
图9可知,不考虑介质经时振动效应时,在流固耦合振动与地震共同作用下,管道的位移响应基本上沿管道长度方向呈对称分布,在左、右斜拉跨越区段中间部位出现对称的较大位移响应,如图9(a)所示。以右侧跨越区段的管道为分析对象,分别截取位移响应较大的跨越区段和位移响应较小的近桥台区段,可以看出,位移响应沿管道长度方向的变化比较平缓,位移响应数值分布区间为[0.0998,0.0071]m,跨越区段的地震位移响应数值沿管道长度方向分为8个不同节段的数值,长度相同的跨越区段比近桥台区段的位移响应分布稍显复杂。
同理,由图9(b)可知,考虑了介质经时振动效应后,管道的经时振动位移响应与地震位移响应的耦合结果明显比不考虑的工况复杂,沿管道长度方向,位移响应数值的分布不再具有对称性分布的特点,右半跨位移耦合响应明显比左半跨大,这与前文分析结果的结果吻合较好;比较图9(a)和图9(b)可知,考虑介质经时振动效应,位移耦合响应的最大数值比不考虑经时振动效应大2.7倍左右,数值分布的区间范围为[0.2686,0.0045],比不考虑经时振动效应具有更大的离散性和随机性,跨越区段的耦合位移响应数值的8个不同节段也较不考虑经时振动效应的结果分布更具均匀性。
由此可见,介质经时流固耦合振动效应对地震响应的耦合作用比单纯考虑介质流固耦合的效应明显,在此类跨越输油管道的抗震设计中有参考意义。
1)跨越式输油管道介质经时振动与地震作用相互耦合,使位移响应和加速度响应产生复杂的变化,在介质流经整个管道的经时时段内,桥台位置和跨中区段位置处管道截面的介质经时-地震耦合响应随经时时间有较大的差异,介质流动源头到达管道全长4/5时,经时振动效应对地震的耦合最显著。
2)在介质经时流动源头位置、地震持时等相同条件下,沿管道长度方向,介质经时振动与地震耦合的位移响应和加速度响应沿管道长度的分布具有更大的随机性和不均匀性,左、右桥台位置处的管道截面的位移响应最大与最小数值相差近1倍,左、右半跨跨越区段管道的位移响应和加速度响应随截面位置和介质经时均有较大的差异。
3)只考虑介质的流固耦合振动与地震时,跨越式管道的地震位移响应沿管道长度方向具有对称性,其数值的分布范围比较小;当考虑介质经时流固耦合振动与地震共同作用时,管道长度方向上的位移响应不再具有对称性,而且其数值的分布范围更大,具有明显的随机性,相同条件下,最大位移响应的数值是不考虑经时振动效应的2.7倍。
4)将介质流经管道的复杂时变动力学问题转化为瞬时状态,利用有限元仿真软件对经时时变动力效应进行简化具有较好的应用。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(52174061)
  • 西安石油大学研究生创新与实践能力培养计划项目(YCS23114154)
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2024年第44卷第6期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0614
  • 接收时间:2023-08-31
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-08-31
  • 修回日期:2023-09-27
基金
国家自然科学基金面上项目(52174061)
西安石油大学研究生创新与实践能力培养计划项目(YCS23114154)
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    西安石油大学 机械工程学院,陕西 西安 710065
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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