Article(id=1245390259735871712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390255516397762, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0514, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1687708800000, receivedDateStr=2023-06-26, revisedDate=1695830400000, revisedDateStr=2023-09-28, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853776152, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853776152, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853776152, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853776152, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390255516397762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='231', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853775147, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854426342, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392986884911753, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390255516397762, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392986889106058, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390255516397762, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=149, endPage=156, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390259987529965, articleId=1245390259735871712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Study on nonlinear response of intake tower under oblique incidence of near-fault SV wave, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

As more and more water conservancy projects are constructed in the seismogenic fault zone in the western region, the probability of water conservancy projects encountering near-site vibration is also increasing. Due to the shallow buried depth of near-fault ground motions, the assumption of vertical incidence of seismic waves is no longer applicable. At present, there is little research on the seismic response of the intake tower under the oblique incidence of near-fault ground motions. In this paper, taking an engineering intake tower as an example, a three-dimensional plastic damage finite element analysis model of the intake tower is established, and the nonlinear response analysis of near-fault pulse ground motion SV wave under multi-angle oblique incidence is carried out. The results show that the displacement response of tower top under the oblique incidence of near-fault ground motion SV wave increases significantly, and the damage area and damage degree of tower body increase with the increase of angle.

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随着越来越多的水利工程在西部地区发震断裂带建设,使得水利工程遭遇近场地震动的概率也越来越大。近断层地震动由于埋深较浅,地震波垂直入射的假定已不再适用,而目前关于进水塔近断层地震动斜入射下的地震响应研究尚少。以某工程进水塔为例,建立了进水塔三维塑性损伤有限元分析模型,分析了近断层脉冲地震动SV波多角度斜入射下进水塔的非线性响应。结果表明:与地震波垂直入射相比较,近断层地震动SV波斜入射下塔顶位移、加速度响应有明显增大,并且随着角度的增大,塔体损伤面积和损伤程度均有所增大。

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宋志强(1981—),男,教授,博士,主要从事水工结构抗震方面研究。E-mail:
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张帆(1987—),男,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事水工结构方面的设计研究。E-mail:

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张帆(1987—),男,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事水工结构方面的设计研究。E-mail:

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张帆(1987—),男,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事水工结构方面的设计研究。E-mail:

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caption=Cloud image of damage to the intake tower, figureFileSmall=dTfqdODA3ExXvN+yimdbpQ==, figureFileBig=aJpd1q/L/frIkEsLrsAH9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390269982557117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390259735871712, language=CN, label=图9, caption=进水塔损伤云图, figureFileSmall=dTfqdODA3ExXvN+yimdbpQ==, figureFileBig=aJpd1q/L/frIkEsLrsAH9A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390270066443202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390259735871712, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Tower body and bedrock material parameters

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材料密度/(kg/m3弹性模量/GPa泊松比
塔身C35250031.500.167
回填C25250028.000.167
基岩245024.000.250
), ArticleFig(id=1245390270162912199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390259735871712, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

塔体及基岩材料参数

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材料密度/(kg/m3弹性模量/GPa泊松比
塔身C35250031.500.167
回填C25250028.000.167
基岩245024.000.250
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近断层SV波斜入射下进水塔的非线性响应研究
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张帆 1 , 师广山 1 , 周毓 1 , 司政 2 , 宋志强 2 , 李闯 2 , 王宗凯 2
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(5): 149-156
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(5): 149-156
近断层SV波斜入射下进水塔的非线性响应研究
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张帆1 , 师广山1, 周毓1, 司政2, 宋志强2 , 李闯2, 王宗凯2
作者信息
  • 1.中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710065
  • 2.西安理工大学 省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710048
  • 张帆(1987—),男,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事水工结构方面的设计研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

宋志强(1981—),男,教授,博士,主要从事水工结构抗震方面研究。E-mail:
Study on nonlinear response of intake tower under oblique incidence of near-fault SV wave
Fan ZHANG1 , Guangshan SHI1, Yu ZHOU1, Zheng SI2, Zhiqiang SONG2 , Chuang LI2, Zongkai WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi’an 710065, China
  • 2.State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0514
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随着越来越多的水利工程在西部地区发震断裂带建设,使得水利工程遭遇近场地震动的概率也越来越大。近断层地震动由于埋深较浅,地震波垂直入射的假定已不再适用,而目前关于进水塔近断层地震动斜入射下的地震响应研究尚少。以某工程进水塔为例,建立了进水塔三维塑性损伤有限元分析模型,分析了近断层脉冲地震动SV波多角度斜入射下进水塔的非线性响应。结果表明:与地震波垂直入射相比较,近断层地震动SV波斜入射下塔顶位移、加速度响应有明显增大,并且随着角度的增大,塔体损伤面积和损伤程度均有所增大。

近断层脉冲地震  /  SV波斜入射  /  进水塔  /  非线性响应

As more and more water conservancy projects are constructed in the seismogenic fault zone in the western region, the probability of water conservancy projects encountering near-site vibration is also increasing. Due to the shallow buried depth of near-fault ground motions, the assumption of vertical incidence of seismic waves is no longer applicable. At present, there is little research on the seismic response of the intake tower under the oblique incidence of near-fault ground motions. In this paper, taking an engineering intake tower as an example, a three-dimensional plastic damage finite element analysis model of the intake tower is established, and the nonlinear response analysis of near-fault pulse ground motion SV wave under multi-angle oblique incidence is carried out. The results show that the displacement response of tower top under the oblique incidence of near-fault ground motion SV wave increases significantly, and the damage area and damage degree of tower body increase with the increase of angle.

near-fault pulse earthquake  /  SV wave oblique incidence  /  intake tower  /  nonlinear response
张帆, 师广山, 周毓, 司政, 宋志强, 李闯, 王宗凯. 近断层SV波斜入射下进水塔的非线性响应研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (5) : 149 -156 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0514
Fan ZHANG, Guangshan SHI, Yu ZHOU, Zheng SI, Zhiqiang SONG, Chuang LI, Zongkai WANG. Study on nonlinear response of intake tower under oblique incidence of near-fault SV wave[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (5) : 149 -156 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0514
由于近断层地震动埋深较浅并且有着较长周期与较大幅值的速度和位移脉冲,这就使得结构在地震动作用的初始阶段就获得了较高的能量,因此常常会给工程带来巨大破坏和造成重大财产损失[1-2]
为了探究其对结构抗震性能的影响,学者们对其展开了大量研究。AKKÖSE等[3]研究了近场、远场地震动作用下大坝与地基的非线性地震响应,指出近断层地震动对坝顶位移和塑性变形会产生一定的影响。HEBBOUCHE等[4]分析了混凝土重力坝在近断层地震动作用下的抗震性能,并开展了地震易损性分析。张社荣等[5]用实际近断层地震动记录作为输入地震动,从损伤力学和能量的角度出发分析了混凝土重力坝的非线性动力损伤响应特性,发现了这种地震动对大坝损伤结果有较大影响。邹德高等[6]取了10组集集地震中近断层地震记录作为输入地震动,分析了近断层地震动的脉冲特性对面板堆石坝位移和面板应力响应的影响。钱胜力等[7]某多层钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete,RC)框架结构为研究对象,开展了结构火灾前后在近断层地震作用下的结构动力时程分析,对比分析了近场有脉冲和无脉冲地震动特性对火灾前后RC框架结构整体的抗震性能的影响。
以上近断层地震研究中大多采用的是假定地震波垂直地表进行入射。然而,当发震断层的埋藏深度比较浅,工程场址距离断层破裂面比较近时,近断层地震动经过有限次的投射传向地表,到达地表时并非是垂直入射的,因此,十分有必要研究地震动斜输入对结构响应的影响[8-10]。进水塔一般是钢筋混凝土薄壁空腹结构,对于地震动有着更强烈的响应[11],但是其作为水利枢纽工程宣泄洪水的重要通道,确保其的抗震安全性是水利枢纽正常运行的重要保证。CHEN等[12]及BIGDELI等[13]研究了近断层地震作用下的进水塔结构的地震响应,研究发现开展考虑近断层斜入射下进水塔的地震动响应研究有着不可忽视的实际意义。本文以某实际工程的进水塔为例,选取近断层脉冲地震动,采用波动输入理论进行近断层SV波多角度入射下的非线性地震响应研究,分析进水塔结构在地震动垂直入射和斜入射条件下的损伤演化、加速度响应、位移响应及应力等非线性响应特征,从而为进水塔结构的抗震安全评价提供一定的参考。
近断层脉冲地震动的显著特征是其含有明显的长周期速度大脉冲和长周期位移大脉冲,因此,选取原则一般为以下三点,分别是[14]:①断层距小于20 km;②PGV/PGA>0.2;③PGA>0.1 g。本文以其为判定准则,在太平洋地震工程中心数据库中挑选了1条近断层脉冲型地震动(E-W分量)记录。该条地震动台站名为Imperial Valley-06,PGA为3.65 m/s2,PGV为1.168 m/s,PGV/PGA为0.32。其时程曲线及反应谱曲线如图1图2所示。
为了消除在进水塔与地基相互作用中远域地基的辐射阻尼效应,本文采用黏弹性人工边界来模拟无限远域地基[15]图3所示,通过式(1)在地基边界面上将自由场波动输入转换为等效节点力[16]
式中:分别为边界节点处的自由场位移、速度和应力;Ab为边界节点影响面积;KbCb分别为弹簧刚度系数矩阵和阻尼系数矩阵。
当地震动倾斜入射时,波场中总共存在3种类型的波:入射波、反射波和散射波。其中入射波场和反射波场又被称为自由波场,散射波能量则通过人工边界进行吸收。因此在输入时等效节点荷载的计算仅考虑自由波场。
斜入射的SV波在经过边界时不但会产生反射的SV波,还会产生反射的P波,这是因为边界会对SV波产生剪切与挤压作用。
当SV波以α角入射时,任一点自由场位移、速度如式(2)和式(3)所示:
式中:u0t)为入射SV波在零时刻波阵面处的位移时程;B1B2分别为其在自由地表产生的反射SV波、反射P波与入射SV波波幅比以及β为SV波反射P波反射角;Δt1Δt2Δt3分别为入射SV波、反射SV波、反射P波从零时刻波阵面到达A的时间延迟,计算公式如式(4)和式(5)所示:
式中:cs为剪切波速;cp为压缩波速;H为地基高度。
则3个边界上节点的应力计算公式,如式(6)~式(8)所示。
左侧边界:
式中:λ为拉梅常数;G为剪切模量。
右侧边界:
底边界:
取某实际工程进水塔建立三维有限元网格如图4图5所示,考虑塔体与地基的动力相互作用会对进水塔的分析结果产生一定影响,为了模拟地基刚度对塔体静动力特性的影响,将进水塔有限元模型的地基深度、上下游侧、左右侧均取1.5倍建筑物高度。本次计算使用ABAQUS有限元软件进行模拟,在三维接触分析中采用硬接触时,为了正确的计算接触应力,应当尽可能的采用1阶单元而避免采用2阶单元。故本次计算塔体、地基和回填混凝土使用六面体实体单元C3D8单元离散。塔体及基岩材料静力参数如表1所示,在进行动力计算时[17],材料弹性模量需提高1.5倍,抗压强度及抗拉强度提高1.2倍。
研究强震作用下混凝土损伤是混凝土结构地震响应研究必不可少的环节[18]。地震作用下混凝土结构的非线性动力响应是一个多因素共同作用的结果,而混凝土本构的选择是其中的一个重要因素[19]。在混凝土的众多本构中,混凝土塑性损伤(concrete damaged plasticity,CDP)模型因为其基于损伤力学和塑性理论的特点,能够很好地模拟混凝土的力学行为并且将混凝土在损伤后的力学特性表现得十分直观[20]。本次计算采用ABAQUS中内嵌的CDP模型作为本次分析中混凝土的本构模型。
该进水塔工程抗震为甲类设防类别,抗震设计标准采用100 a超越概率2%的地震动峰值加速度为365 Gal。将挑选的近断层脉冲地震动作为输入进行进水塔SV波斜入射下的非线性响应分析,入射角度分别取0°(垂直入射)、15°、30°。
1)位移响应
进水塔塔顶在SV波不同角度入射下的位移响应时程如图6所示。由图可知,塔顶沿时间过程中垂直入射相较于斜入射有着明显不同的响应规律,对于顺水流向位移响应,SV波30°斜入射时有着最大的响应值,为4.85 cm,随着入射角度的减小响应结果也随之减小,垂直入射时仅为2.00 cm;对于垂直水流向位移响应,垂直入射时响应结果最大,为12.35 cm,随着入射角度增大,响应结果不断减小,30°斜入射时响应结果为9.47 cm;对于竖向位移响应,与顺水流向规律一致,30°入射时响应最大为1.85 cm,垂直入射时响应值最小为1.61 cm。3个方向30°斜入射相对于垂直入射,位移最大值差异率分别为142.50%、23.32%、14.91%。从垂直水流向位移可以看出,由于地震对于塔体的损伤程度不同,当地震结束后,在坝顶仍存在一定的垂直水流向位移,且随着SV波角度的增大,残余变形越大。相对于垂直入射,考虑SV波斜入射角度会增大坝体的残余变形响应。
从塔顶位移响应结果出发,SV波在垂直入射与斜入射下的响应结果有着明显的差异,因此,在进水塔的抗震安全评价中考虑近断层脉冲地震动SV波斜入射具有十分重要的意义。
2)加速度响应
进水塔塔顶在SV波不同角度入射下加速度的响应时程如图7图8所示。由图可知,由于顺水流向地震动分量为0,顺水流向加速度主要由结构的散射以及地基对塔体的约束造成,其时程曲线形状与输入地震动曲线差异较大。垂直水流向曲线与输入地震动曲线波型相似,且基本呈现随着入射角的增大,垂直水流向加速度减小,竖向加速度增加的规律。对于加速度峰值来说,尤其是竖向加速度峰值,SV波30°斜入射时为4.45 m/s2,竖向放大系数为1.22,相对于垂直入射增加了19%,顺水流向峰值加速度为4.75 m/s2,放大系数为0.92,相对于垂直入射减小了18%,垂直水流向峰值加速度为9.13 m/s2,放大系数为2.50,相对于垂直入射减小了7%。因此为了得到进水塔结构更加可靠的近断层地震加速度响应结果,进行近断层地震斜入射下的地震响应分析是十分必要的。
3)损伤响应
进水塔在SV波不同角度斜入射下的损伤云图如图9所示。由图可知,SV波垂直入射下塔体损伤区域较小,损伤区域主要发生在塔身中上部横梁、纵梁区域。当SV波斜入射时,由于接触的闭合、张开以及地形对进水塔的约束,导致在垂直水流向塔后台阶状地形棱角处出现较大的变形,从而使得该处损伤面积增大;塔身右侧回填底部高程处横截面出现较大的损伤,同时右侧回填混凝土同样出现较大的损伤面积,这种损伤主要由于近断层地震动的能量集中,在很短时间内的能量较大,瞬时相对位移较大,而在塔右侧紧靠岩体,因此当塔体顶部向其左侧变形时,由于右侧岩体的约束作用,从而岩体顶部附近塔体的损伤迅速扩展。同时随着角度的增大,损伤面积和损伤程度均有所增大。
本文选取近断层脉冲地震动,以某实际工程的进水塔为例,采用波动理论进行近断层地震SV波多角度入射下的非线性地震响应研究,分析进水塔结构在地震动垂直入射和斜入射条件下的损伤演化、加速度响应、位移响应及应力等非线性响应特征,得到以下结论:
1)与垂直入射相比,近断层脉冲地震动在SV波斜入射下其位移响应有明显差异,3个方向30°斜入射相对于垂直入射,位移最大相对误差分别达到142.50%、23.32%、14.91%。在加速度响应中,顺水流向加速度时程曲线形状与输入地震动曲线差异较大,垂直水流向曲线与输入地震动曲线波型相似,且基本呈现随着入射角的增大,垂直水流向加速度减小的规律。对于加速度峰值来说,尤其是竖向加速度峰值,SV波30°斜入射时为4.45 m/s2,竖向放大系数为1.22,相对于垂直入射增加了19%,顺水流向峰值加速度为4.75 m/s2,放大系数为0.92,相对于垂直入射减小了18%,垂直水流向峰值加速度为9.13 m/s2,放大系数为2.50,相对于垂直入射减小了7%。
2)当SV波斜入射时,由不均匀变形导致的损伤面积增大,塔身右侧回填底部高程处横截面出现较大的损伤,同时右侧回填混凝土同样出现较大的损伤面积,这种损失主要由于近断层地震动的能量集中,在很短时间内的能量较大,从而在该处的损伤迅速扩展。同时随着角度的增大,损伤面积和损伤程度均有所增大。
  • 国家自然科学基金面上项目(51879217)
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2024年第44卷第5期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0514
  • 接收时间:2023-06-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-06-26
  • 修回日期:2023-09-28
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国家自然科学基金面上项目(51879217)
作者信息
    1.中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司,陕西 西安 710065
    2.西安理工大学 省部共建西北旱区生态水利国家重点实验室,陕西 西安 710048

通讯作者:

宋志强(1981—),男,教授,博士,主要从事水工结构抗震方面研究。E-mail:
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
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