Article(id=1245390156342080486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390147664068826, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0421, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1683734400000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-11, revisedDate=1685462400000, revisedDateStr=2023-05-31, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853751501, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853751501, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853751501, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853751501, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390147664068826, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='233', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853749433, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854381443, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392798560662150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390147664068826, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392798560662151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390147664068826, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=222, endPage=233, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390156702790642, articleId=1245390156342080486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Tests study for dynamic residual deformation characteristics of high polymer cementitious Gobi soil, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

High polymer cementitious Gobi soil is made by mixing high polymer with Gobi soil in a certain ratio, which can effectively improve the mechanical properties of Gobi soil. In order to study the dynamic residual deformation characteristics of high polymer cementitious Gobi soils, the effects of high polymer mass ratio, surrounding pressure, consolidation ratio and dynamic stress ratio on the residual shear strain and residual body strain of high polymer cementitious Gobi soils were investigated in this paper using medium-sized dynamic triaxial tests. The results show that the high polymer cementitious materials can effectively reduce the dynamic residual deformation of Gobi soil, and the residual shear strain of polymer cementitious Gobi soil after 30 cycles of loading is 15.0%~18.8% of that of natural Gobi soil, and the residual body strain is 12.1%~22.2% of that of natural Gobi soil. The reduction of residual shear strain was 85.0% and 95.2%, and the reduction of residual body strain was 87.9% and 95.5% for 3% and 12% of high polymer mass ratio. The larger the high polymer mass ratio, the larger the reduction. Projection pursuit regression (PPR) was used to analyze the influence weights of each influence factor on the residual deformation, and the influence weights of the dynamic residual shear strain and residual body strain of the polymer cementitious Gobi soil were obtained as high polymer mass ratio to peritectic dynamic stress ratio to consolidation ratio. An exponential function was used to fit the relationship between residual deformation and vibration times of polymer cementitious Gobi soil, and a modified residual deformation model of high polymer cementitious Gobi soil was established, which can respond to the effect of high polymer mass ratio.

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高聚物胶凝戈壁土是将高聚物与戈壁土按一定比例拌合而成的,可有效提高戈壁土的力学性能。为研究高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形特性,采用中型动三轴试验研究了高聚物质量比、围压、固结比和动应力比等对高聚物胶凝戈壁土残余剪应变和残余体应变的影响。结果表明:高聚物胶凝材料能有效降低戈壁土的动残余变形,高聚物胶凝戈壁土在经受30次循环荷载后产生的残余剪应变为天然戈壁土的15.0%~18.8%,残余体应变为天然戈壁土的12.1%~22.2%;掺入高聚物质量比为3%和12%时,残余剪应变的减小幅度为85.0%、95.2%,残余体应变的减小幅度为87.9%、95.5%,且高聚物质量比越大,减小幅度越大。采用投影寻踪回归(projection pursuit regression,PPR)分析了各影响因数对残余变形的影响权重,得出高聚物胶凝戈壁土动残余剪应变和残余体应变的影响权重依次为高聚物质量比、围压、动应力比和固结比。采用指数函数对高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余变形与振次的关系进行拟合,建立了能反映高聚物质量比影响的高聚物胶凝戈壁土的修正残余变形模型。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
杨海华(1986—),男,高级实验师,博士,主要从事岩土工程材料静、动力特性研究。E-mail:
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宋优建(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事砂土及粗粒土静动特性研究。E-mail:

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宋优建(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事砂土及粗粒土静动特性研究。E-mail:

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journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Effect of CSR on dynamic residual deformation of high polymer cementitious Gobi soil, figureFileSmall=QmklR2qFhFNpLi2XS46K7w==, figureFileBig=z5MMj5MXoTEMyD9PzDmHCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390175182894064, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CSR对高聚物胶凝戈壁土动残余变形的影响, figureFileSmall=QmklR2qFhFNpLi2XS46K7w==, figureFileBig=z5MMj5MXoTEMyD9PzDmHCA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390175266780147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Relationship between dynamic residual deformation and vibration frequency of high polymer cementitious Gobi soil when Kc is 1.5 fitted by Shen Zhujiang model, figureFileSmall=iOlVALU/RUAQyyJxG9cYwA==, figureFileBig=2rgUtS1LW1dYAXfmEo5ehg==, tableContent=null), 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tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390175514244093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Relationship curves of modified model used to fit the high polymer cementitious Gobi soil, figureFileSmall=qiUVJZ0iie3LF4Wdj2h3Hg==, figureFileBig=gdzyOmhvpKnqIk5YRWD+Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390175581352959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=CN, label=图10, caption=修正后模型拟合高聚物胶凝戈壁土关系曲线, figureFileSmall=qiUVJZ0iie3LF4Wdj2h3Hg==, figureFileBig=gdzyOmhvpKnqIk5YRWD+Bg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390175665238018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Relationship between dynamic residual deformation and vibration frequency of high polymer cementitious Gobi soil fitted by modified model, figureFileSmall=pFjEnHmknwyxtI9fQCWfUA==, figureFileBig=GKGxV87QWIu7W5XbJhIf6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390175770095620, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=CN, label=图11, caption=采用修正模型拟合kc=1.5时高聚物胶凝戈壁土动残余变形与振动次数关系, figureFileSmall=pFjEnHmknwyxtI9fQCWfUA==, figureFileBig=GKGxV87QWIu7W5XbJhIf6Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390175891730438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Test results of modified model used to fit the dynamic residual deformation of high polymer cementitious Gobi soil, figureFileSmall=KuJwIr8uG+tuW1u7/1xGtA==, figureFileBig=Junfly986/jVbXmBzc7IsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390175971422217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=CN, label=图12, caption=采用修正模型拟合高聚物胶凝戈壁土动残余变形试验结果, figureFileSmall=KuJwIr8uG+tuW1u7/1xGtA==, figureFileBig=Junfly986/jVbXmBzc7IsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390176067891211, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic properties of two component elastic polyurethane

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(g/cm3固含量/%表干时间/h实干时间/h拉伸强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%黏结强度/MPa
1.40395.51.04.50.715281.21
), ArticleFig(id=1245390176143388685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

双组份弹性聚氨酯基本性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
密度/(g/cm3固含量/%表干时间/h实干时间/h拉伸强度/MPa断裂伸长率/%黏结强度/MPa
1.40395.51.04.50.715281.21
), ArticleFig(id=1245390176197914642, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Residual deformation test scheme of high polymer cementitious Gobi soil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
高聚物质量比Rp/%固结比Kc围压σ3/MPa动应力比CSR
01.0、1.5、2.00.3、0.6、0.90.4、0.8
31.0、1.5、2.00.3、0.6、0.90.4、0.8
61.50.3、0.6、0.90.4、0.8
91.50.3、0.60.4、0.8
121.50.3、0.60.4、0.8
), ArticleFig(id=1245390176260829204, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

高聚物胶凝戈壁土残余变形试验方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
高聚物质量比Rp/%固结比Kc围压σ3/MPa动应力比CSR
01.0、1.5、2.00.3、0.6、0.90.4、0.8
31.0、1.5、2.00.3、0.6、0.90.4、0.8
61.50.3、0.6、0.90.4、0.8
91.50.3、0.60.4、0.8
121.50.3、0.60.4、0.8
), ArticleFig(id=1245390176340520984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effect of polymer mass ratio on residual shear strain of high polymer cementitious Gobi soil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CSRσ3/MPa残余剪应变/%残余剪应变减小幅度/%
Rp=0%Rp=3%Rp=6%Rp=9%Rp=12%Rp=3%Rp=6%Rp=9%Rp=12%
0.40.30.3380.0510.0430.0380.01685.087.488.795.2
0.60.5760.0940.0690.0670.03883.688.088.393.4
0.90.7390.1290.10382.586.0
0.80.30.5550.0910.0750.0600.04083.786.589.292.8
0.60.9220.1690.1180.1120.07581.687.287.991.9
0.91.3490.2540.21381.284.2
), ArticleFig(id=1245390176407629852, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

高聚物质量比对高聚物胶凝戈壁土残余剪应变的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CSRσ3/MPa残余剪应变/%残余剪应变减小幅度/%
Rp=0%Rp=3%Rp=6%Rp=9%Rp=12%Rp=3%Rp=6%Rp=9%Rp=12%
0.40.30.3380.0510.0430.0380.01685.087.488.795.2
0.60.5760.0940.0690.0670.03883.688.088.393.4
0.90.7390.1290.10382.586.0
0.80.30.5550.0910.0750.0600.04083.786.589.292.8
0.60.9220.1690.1180.1120.07581.687.287.991.9
0.91.3490.2540.21381.284.2
), ArticleFig(id=1245390176487321631, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Effect of polymer mass ratio on residual body strain of polymer cementitious Gobi soil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CSRσ3/MPa残余体应变/%残余体应变减小幅度/%
Rp=0%Rp=3%Rp=6%Rp=9%Rp=12%Rp=3%Rp=6%Rp=9%Rp=12%
0.40.30.2790.0340.0300.0230.01387.989.191.895.5
0.60.3870.0630.0500.0370.01983.687.090.495.1
0.90.5150.1150.09177.782.3
0.80.30.3110.0650.0530.0380.01979.182.887.893.8
0.60.6150.1110.0750.0680.03982.087.889.493.7
0.90.9000.1820.13679.884.8
), ArticleFig(id=1245390176558624802, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

高聚物质量比对高聚物胶凝戈壁土残余体应变的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
CSRσ3/MPa残余体应变/%残余体应变减小幅度/%
Rp=0%Rp=3%Rp=6%Rp=9%Rp=12%Rp=3%Rp=6%Rp=9%Rp=12%
0.40.30.2790.0340.0300.0230.01387.989.191.895.5
0.60.3870.0630.0500.0370.01983.687.090.495.1
0.90.5150.1150.09177.782.3
0.80.30.3110.0650.0530.0380.01979.182.887.893.8
0.60.6150.1110.0750.0680.03982.087.889.493.7
0.90.9000.1820.13679.884.8
), ArticleFig(id=1245390176634122278, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Relative weight coefficient of influence factors on residual deformation

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残余变形类别高聚物质量比Rp动应力比CSR围压σ3固结比Kc
残余剪应变1.0000.1420.2050.040
残余体应变1.0000.1480.2350.024
), ArticleFig(id=1245390176697036840, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

影响因子对残余变形的相对影响权重系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
残余变形类别高聚物质量比Rp动应力比CSR围压σ3固结比Kc
残余剪应变1.0000.1420.2050.040
残余体应变1.0000.1480.2350.024
), ArticleFig(id=1245390176772534316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Summary table of index m when the residual shear strain γr is fitted with an exponential function

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
高聚物质量比Rp/%固结比Kcσ3=0.3 MPaσ3=0.6 MPaσ3=0.9 MPa均值
CSR=0.4CSR=0.8CSR=0.4CSR=0.8CSR=0.4CSR=0.8
01.00.740.660.580.520.420.320.54
1.50.970.780.880.660.670.510.75
2.01.200.941.050.881.060.780.98
31.01.230.980.771.130.881.031.00
1.51.361.121.281.191.381.231.26
2.01.591.351.561.241.451.061.38
61.51.691.491.601.391.521.251.49
91.51.831.581.671.431.63
121.51.961.911.861.791.88
), ArticleFig(id=1245390176848031792, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

残余剪应变γr采用指数函数拟合时指数m汇总表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
高聚物质量比Rp/%固结比Kcσ3=0.3 MPaσ3=0.6 MPaσ3=0.9 MPa均值
CSR=0.4CSR=0.8CSR=0.4CSR=0.8CSR=0.4CSR=0.8
01.00.740.660.580.520.420.320.54
1.50.970.780.880.660.670.510.75
2.01.200.941.050.881.060.780.98
31.01.230.980.771.130.881.031.00
1.51.361.121.281.191.381.231.26
2.01.591.351.561.241.451.061.38
61.51.691.491.601.391.521.251.49
91.51.831.581.671.431.63
121.51.961.911.861.791.88
), ArticleFig(id=1245390176931917875, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Summary table of index m when the residual body strain εvr is fitted with exponential function

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
高聚物质量比Rp/%固结比Kcσ3=0.3 MPaσ3=0.6 MPaσ3=0.9 MPa均值
CSR=0.4CSR=0.8CSR=0.4CSR=0.8CSR=0.4CSR=0.8
01.02.292.132.242.082.131.922.13
1.51.992.032.082.062.091.902.02
2.01.921.812.022.002.082.121.99
31.02.662.122.451.532.551.962.21
1.52.372.182.352.542.322.622.39
2.02.172.322.252.482.432.542.36
61.52.382.532.502.612.522.682.54
91.52.782.732.772.682.74
121.52.942.812.932.822.87
), ArticleFig(id=1245390177003221046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

残余体应变εvr采用指数函数拟合时指数m汇总表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
高聚物质量比Rp/%固结比Kcσ3=0.3 MPaσ3=0.6 MPaσ3=0.9 MPa均值
CSR=0.4CSR=0.8CSR=0.4CSR=0.8CSR=0.4CSR=0.8
01.02.292.132.242.082.131.922.13
1.51.992.032.082.062.091.902.02
2.01.921.812.022.002.082.121.99
31.02.662.122.451.532.551.962.21
1.52.372.182.352.542.322.622.39
2.02.172.322.252.482.432.542.36
61.52.382.532.502.612.522.682.54
91.52.782.732.772.682.74
121.52.942.812.932.822.87
), ArticleFig(id=1245390177099690041, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Parameters of dynamic residual deformation model of high polymer cementitious Gobi soil

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
高聚物质量比Rp/%c1/%c2c3c4/%c5
30.170.6603.800.97
), ArticleFig(id=1245390177170993212, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390156342080486, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

高聚物胶凝戈壁土动残余变形模型参数

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高聚物质量比Rp/%c1/%c2c3c4/%c5
30.170.6603.800.97
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高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形特性试验研究
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宋优建 1, 2 , 杨海华 1, 2 , 杨武 1, 2 , 高鹏展 1, 2 , 沈静东 1, 2
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(4): 222-233
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(4): 222-233
高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形特性试验研究
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宋优建1, 2 , 杨海华1, 2 , 杨武1, 2, 高鹏展1, 2, 沈静东1, 2
作者信息
  • 1.新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 2.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
  • 宋优建(1999—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事砂土及粗粒土静动特性研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

杨海华(1986—),男,高级实验师,博士,主要从事岩土工程材料静、动力特性研究。E-mail:
Tests study for dynamic residual deformation characteristics of high polymer cementitious Gobi soil
Youjian SONG1, 2 , Haihua YANG1, 2 , Wu YANG1, 2, Pengzhan GAO1, 2, Jingdong SHEN1, 2
Affiliations
  • 1.College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
  • 2.Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Security and Water Disasters Prevention, Urumqi 830052, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0421
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高聚物胶凝戈壁土是将高聚物与戈壁土按一定比例拌合而成的,可有效提高戈壁土的力学性能。为研究高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形特性,采用中型动三轴试验研究了高聚物质量比、围压、固结比和动应力比等对高聚物胶凝戈壁土残余剪应变和残余体应变的影响。结果表明:高聚物胶凝材料能有效降低戈壁土的动残余变形,高聚物胶凝戈壁土在经受30次循环荷载后产生的残余剪应变为天然戈壁土的15.0%~18.8%,残余体应变为天然戈壁土的12.1%~22.2%;掺入高聚物质量比为3%和12%时,残余剪应变的减小幅度为85.0%、95.2%,残余体应变的减小幅度为87.9%、95.5%,且高聚物质量比越大,减小幅度越大。采用投影寻踪回归(projection pursuit regression,PPR)分析了各影响因数对残余变形的影响权重,得出高聚物胶凝戈壁土动残余剪应变和残余体应变的影响权重依次为高聚物质量比、围压、动应力比和固结比。采用指数函数对高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余变形与振次的关系进行拟合,建立了能反映高聚物质量比影响的高聚物胶凝戈壁土的修正残余变形模型。

高聚物胶凝戈壁土  /  动三轴试验  /  残余剪应变  /  残余体应变  /  投影寻踪回归分析  /  残余变形模型

High polymer cementitious Gobi soil is made by mixing high polymer with Gobi soil in a certain ratio, which can effectively improve the mechanical properties of Gobi soil. In order to study the dynamic residual deformation characteristics of high polymer cementitious Gobi soils, the effects of high polymer mass ratio, surrounding pressure, consolidation ratio and dynamic stress ratio on the residual shear strain and residual body strain of high polymer cementitious Gobi soils were investigated in this paper using medium-sized dynamic triaxial tests. The results show that the high polymer cementitious materials can effectively reduce the dynamic residual deformation of Gobi soil, and the residual shear strain of polymer cementitious Gobi soil after 30 cycles of loading is 15.0%~18.8% of that of natural Gobi soil, and the residual body strain is 12.1%~22.2% of that of natural Gobi soil. The reduction of residual shear strain was 85.0% and 95.2%, and the reduction of residual body strain was 87.9% and 95.5% for 3% and 12% of high polymer mass ratio. The larger the high polymer mass ratio, the larger the reduction. Projection pursuit regression (PPR) was used to analyze the influence weights of each influence factor on the residual deformation, and the influence weights of the dynamic residual shear strain and residual body strain of the polymer cementitious Gobi soil were obtained as high polymer mass ratio to peritectic dynamic stress ratio to consolidation ratio. An exponential function was used to fit the relationship between residual deformation and vibration times of polymer cementitious Gobi soil, and a modified residual deformation model of high polymer cementitious Gobi soil was established, which can respond to the effect of high polymer mass ratio.

high polymer cementitious Gobi soil  /  dynamic triaxial test  /  residual shear strain  /  residual body strain  /  projection pursuit regression  /  residual deformation model
宋优建, 杨海华, 杨武, 高鹏展, 沈静东. 高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形特性试验研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (4) : 222 -233 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0421
Youjian SONG, Haihua YANG, Wu YANG, Pengzhan GAO, Jingdong SHEN. Tests study for dynamic residual deformation characteristics of high polymer cementitious Gobi soil[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (4) : 222 -233 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0421
地震是一种破坏力较强的自然灾害,我国地震带发生过多次地震灾难,造成巨大的财产损失,对土石坝不仅能够造成坝体裂缝、土体滑坡、地基失稳和液化等灾害,还会引起永久变形对建筑物造成破坏。自20世纪60年代以来,学者们对土石坝等在地震后的永久变形开展了研究,并认为土石坝、建筑地基等建筑物在经历地震后常出现沉降、局部开裂等情况,其变形特征具有明显的非线性、滞后性和变形累计效应[1]。2008年的汶川大地震后,紫坪铺面板堆石坝出现坝顶沉陷100 cm,坝体上游、下游边坡均向内收缩,水平位移达到60 cm[2];碧口黏土心墙坝在震后坝顶的最大永久变形达到了242.2 mm,向上游的水平位移为157.5 mm[3]。已有的研究资料显示,许多震害都与地震永久变形有关,地震作用下的这种永久变形对建筑地基或建筑物体系的整体结构有着严重的损害,出现土石坝坝顶区域土体产生松动、滑移甚至坍塌等现象[4]
在土石坝等的动力分析中,永久变形的准确预估和计算可为坝体的抗震安全评价提供理论依据,因此开展筑坝材料的动残余变形试验和模型研究就显得尤为重要。王昆耀等[4]、STEWART[5]、CHANG等[6]、曹培等[7]和凌华等[8]进行了粗粒土的动三轴试验,研究了粗粒土在不同影响因素下的残余变形特性,得出残余变形与土的孔隙比、细料含量和试验围压等均有关系。赵凯等[9]通过残余变形试验,得出土的动残余变形与排水条件和粗料含量有关。何冰[10]、刘汉龙等[11]进行了加筋的试验,研究表明,加筋可以有效地降低土的残余变形。刘平等[12]通过开展不同先期动应力作用下的动三轴试验,表明了先期振动对残余变形有显著的影响。许多学者对土的残余变形模型进行了研究,如TANIGUCHI[13]等进行了黄土、砂土的动三轴试验研究,采用等效地震惯性力分析方法,建立了剪应力和残余应变间的关系Eiichi模型(谷口荣一模型)。孔宪京[14]在谷口荣一模型的基础上,采用静动耦合试验方法对不同固结比下的残余变形进行归一化处理,并考虑孔隙比的影响,提出了改进的残余变形模型。中国水科院进行紫坪铺堆石料的残余变形试验时研究了动剪应力作用时的动剪应变和体应变规律,提出了同时考虑残余剪应变和体应变的残余变形模型[15]。沈珠江等[16]在新疆吉林台堆石料的动三轴试验基础上,给出了残余剪应变和残余体应变随振次的增量关系,提出了能反映残余变形发展过程的沈珠江模型。邹德高等[17]、吕小龙等[18]和杨青坡等[19]进行了堆石料的动残余变形试验,认为在固结比较大时,动残余变形与振次在半对数坐标上的拟合关系不好,采用幂函数形式拟合具有更好的适用性。
高聚物胶凝戈壁土是将高聚物掺入戈壁土中,可有效提高天然戈壁土的基本性质。在地震作用下土石坝工程常表现出坝顶区的“鞭梢效应”,并伴随上下游坝坡表面的震陷、坍塌等问题[1],采用高聚物胶凝戈壁土对土石坝坝顶和边坡进行加固,可有效提高土石坝的抗震能力。研究高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形特性,为计算高聚物胶凝戈壁土加固的建筑物地震永久变形提供参数,可为其工程应用提供理论依据。本文对高聚物胶凝戈壁土开展了动三轴残余变形试验,研究高聚物质量比、固结比、试验围压和动应力比等影响因素对动残余变形特性的影响。在沈珠江残余变形模型的基础上,建立考虑高聚物质量比的修正动残余变形模型。
试验所使用的设备是采用新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室的多功能大型动静三轴试验机。该试验机可进行直径为ϕ300 mm和ϕ150 mm这2种尺寸的静、动力三轴试验。轴力、围压加载系统采用液压伺服作动器,可实现轴向、径向(围压)不同动应力、不同相位差的单和双向循环加载试验。
试验用土料取自新疆和田某水利枢纽工程现场。本次试验采用直径为ϕ150 mm、高度为300 mm的中型三轴仪进行,按照GB/T 50123—2019《土工试验方法标准》[20]中粗粒土的试样制备要求,选定试料的最大粒径为40 mm。对直径大于40 mm的戈壁料土颗粒进行处理,处理后的试验级配曲线见图1。试料不均匀系数Cu=32.7,曲率系数Cc=1.2,小于0.075 mm颗粒含量为0.7%,属于级配良好砾。经试验测得其颗粒比重Gs=2.71,最大干密度为ρdmax=2.28 g/cm3,最小干密度为ρdmin=1.85 g/cm3
试验用的高聚物材料选用新疆某防水材料企业生产的非水反应类双组份弹性聚氨酯。这种材料具备较好的黏结性能和适应变形的能力,拉伸强度为0.7 MPa,拉伸伸长率为528%,低温弯折性能可达到-40 ℃,高温在120 ℃时未出现软化现象,基本性能检测情况见表1
试样成型前,对高聚物(双组份弹性聚氨酯)2种原料进行混合(黑白比为4∶1),拌合均匀后呈黑亮色、稠度均匀、流动性好的膏状物;然后按所需质量比称取高聚物和戈壁土进行拌和,为使混合物搅拌均匀,把2种试料按质量要求加入搅拌机中搅拌4 min,形成高聚物戈壁土混合物,搅拌前、后的高聚物戈壁土混合物如图2所示。
考虑到戈壁土与试验采用的双组份弹性聚氨酯的密度有较大差异,为减小在制作不同高聚物质量比Rp试样时对高聚物胶凝戈壁土的密度影响,以戈壁土相对密度Dr = 0.70(ρd = 2.133 g/cm3)作为试验密度。采用击实方法成型试验,将搅拌均匀的高聚物戈壁土混合物按试样密度要求称取质量,装入标准试模(ϕ150×330 mm)中,分2层进行击实,采用重型击实锤手动击实,最终以击实后试样高度h=300 mm作为标准来控制试样的密度,击实后试样在试模中静置24 h(大于高聚物的实干时间),待试样形成整体后进行拆模,击实成型后的高聚物胶凝戈壁土试样如图3所示。对于高聚物质量比Rp=0%的试样(天然戈壁土)成型,按照土工试验规程三轴试验的试样成型方法,在中型三轴仪试样成型试模中按试验密度要求击实成型后直接进行试验。
高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形试验中,将试样装入动三轴仪中,安装压力室后进行抽气饱和,当试样饱和度达到Sr≥95%后进行试验,如图3(b)所示。根据试验要求施加不同围压和轴向固结应力进行试样固结,待试样在给定围压固结完成后,对试样施加循环动应力进行动残余变形试验。动应力采用两级施加,动应力比(cyclic stress ratio,CSR)(动应力幅值σd与试验围压σ3之比)为0.4和0.8。按照地震动标准反应谱计算方法[1],在8级地震时的地震加速度过程相当于循环振动30次,因此本次残余变形动三轴试验选取正弦波模拟加载,振动次数为30次,振动频率为0.1 Hz。
高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形特性与戈壁土和高聚物本身的性质有关,同时还与高聚物质量比Rp、试验围压σ3、固结比Kc、动应力比CSR和振动次数N等有关。为研究高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形在不同影响因素下的变化规律,进行了5种高聚物质量比Rp、3个试验围压σ3、3个固结比Kc和2个动应力比CSR下的动三轴试验,试验方案见表2
土体在动应力作用或发生结构性弹性变形条件下会产生残余变形,并随动荷载作用稳定增长。为研究高聚物胶凝戈壁土在动荷载作用下的残余变形特性,进行了不同高聚物质量比、围压和固结比等因素影响下的动三轴试验,下面分别分析不同因素对高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形的影响。
不同高聚物质量比Rp在固结比Kc为1.5、围压σ3为0.3 MPa、动应力比CSR为0.4条件下的残余剪应变γr和振动循环次数N的变化曲线如图4所示。由图4(a)可知,Rp=0的残余剪应变γr随振动循环次数N的增大呈非线性增长,在前几次振动产生较大的残余剪应变γr,随着N的增大其增长速率逐渐降低,曲线呈现出先变陡后逐渐变缓过程;Rp为3%、6%、9%和12%时,残余剪应变γr随振动循环次数N增大而增大,增长幅度较小;由图4(b)可知,残余体应变εvr随振动循环次数N的增大而增大,Rp=0的残余体应变εvr随振动循环次数N的增长速率较大;其他高聚物质量比Rp随振动循环次数N的增长速率较小,且Rp越大,增长速率越小。在相同的初始应力条件和动应力比CSR下,高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余剪应力γr和残余体应变εvr均随高聚物质量比Rp的增大而减小。Rp为3%的高聚物胶凝戈壁土在经受30次循环振动荷载后产生的残余剪应变为Rp为0%(天然戈壁土)的15%~18.8%,产生的残余体应变εvr为天然戈壁土的12.1%~22.2%;Rp为12%的高聚物胶凝戈壁土所产生的残余剪应变γr和残余体应变εvr为天然戈壁土的4.7%~8.1%和4.5%~6.3%。说明高聚物的掺入能有效提高戈壁土的完整性,减小戈壁土在动荷载作用下的颗粒移动,显著降低动残余变形。
以荷载循环振动次数N为30次时的残余剪应变和残余体应变为最终塑形变形,将高聚物胶凝戈壁土在不同Rp时的残余剪应变和残余体应变汇总于表3表4。表中减小幅度和减小幅度表示高聚物胶凝戈壁土相对Rp为0%时的天然戈壁土残余变形的减小程度,其表达式为
式中:X%时的为0%时的
表3可知,动应力比CSR、固结比Kc和围压σ3为定量时,高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余剪应变会随着高聚物质量比Rp的增大而减小,在高聚物质量比Rp=3%的,减小幅度高达85%,而且还会随着Rp的增大而增大,Rp=12%的,减小幅度为95.2%,增长速率较小,为10.2%。戈壁土在加入高聚物后,高聚物的胶结作用能有效地将戈壁土颗粒黏结在一起,使土颗粒之间形成一定的黏结力,这种黏结力可以让颗粒在受到循环荷载时防止发生相对位移,从而保持土体不发生较大塑性变形。Rp增大后(12%)和较小时(3%)颗粒间的黏结作用是相近的,残余剪应变减小幅度的增长较小,Rp的增大会对戈壁土内部颗粒间的孔隙进行填充,使高聚物胶凝混凝土的密实度和整体性增大,所以Rp较大时其残余剪应变减小幅度的增长量并不明显。
表4可知,高聚物胶凝戈壁土在动应力比CSR、固结比Kc和围压σ3相同时,动残余体应变减小幅度随高聚物质量比Rp的增大而增大,且增长的规律与残余剪应变减小幅度的增长规律是类似的。Rp=3%时,减小幅度为87.9%;Rp=12%时,减小幅度为95.5%;随着Rp的增大,减小幅度的增长速率减缓。
高聚物胶凝材料掺入戈壁土能够降低在循环作用下戈壁土的残余变形,其原因:一方面主要是由于高聚物具有较好的胶结性能,可让戈壁土颗粒黏结在一起,形成比天然戈壁土整体性更好,结构性更稳定的胶凝复合材料,增大荷载作用时颗粒重新排列的阻力减小颗粒发生相对位移的能力;另一方面,本次试验的高聚物材料为弹性聚氨酯,具有较高的强度和弹性恢复能力,加入高聚物后的戈壁土弹性恢复能力提高,增大了高聚物胶凝戈壁土的弹性,荷载作用时其适应变形的能力更强,从而显著减小了戈壁土在循环振动荷载作用时的残余剪切变形和残余体积变形。结合表3表4,高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余变形在Rp = 3%时减小了约80%,然后随Rp的增大其减小速率降低。所以,对高聚物加固戈壁土改善其在振动荷载作用下的残余变形而言,可采用高聚物质量比Rp=3%左右即可大幅降低戈壁土的残余变形。
不同围压σ3在固结比Kc=1.5、高聚物质量比Rp为0%和3%、动应力比CSR为0.4条件下的残余剪应变γr和振动循环次数N、残余体应变εvr和振动循环次数N的关系曲线,如图5所示。由图5可知,不同的高聚物质量比Rp,在其他条件相同的情况下,残余剪应变γr和残余体应变εvr都会随着围压σ3的增大而增大,高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余变形受围压σ3的影响较大。
不同固结比Kc在高聚物质量比Rp为0%和3%、动应力比为0.4、围压σ3为0.3 MPa条件下的残余剪应变γr和振动循环次数N、残余体应变εvr和振动循环次数N的变化曲线,如图6所示。由图可知,在相同的试验条件下不同的高聚物质量比Rp的高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形均随固结比Kc的增大而减小。高聚物质量比Rp不同时,残余剪应变γr在循环振动初期受固结比Kc的影响较大,关系曲线随Kc的增大而减小,曲线斜率明显变缓,随着振动N的增大,不同Kc条件下的残余剪应变γr差值逐渐减小,如图6(a)所示。
不同的动应力比CSR在围压σ3为0.3 MPa、固结比Kc为1.5、高聚物质量比Rp为0%和3%的条件下,残余剪应变γr、残余体应变εvr和振动循环次数N的关系变化曲线,如图7所示。由图可知,在不同高聚物质量比Rp下,高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余变形均受动应力比CSR的影响较大,相同条件下,高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余剪应变γr和残余体应变εvr均随动应力比CSR的增长而增大。
为分析各因素对高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余变形的影响规律,确定因素对残余变形的影响权重,采用投影寻踪回归(projection pursuit regression,PPR)分析[21-22]对试验结果进行无假定建模,以高聚物质量比Rp、动应力比CSR、围压σ3、固结比Kc等因素作为影响因素,分析其对动残余剪应变和残余体应变的影响规律。
PPR的模型可用式(2)表示为
式中:fm为第m个岭函数;M为岭函数个数上限;βm为岭函数贡献权重系数;αjmj方向的第m个投影值(j=1,2,…,M),
极小化准则:
式中:Mu为岭函数最优个数;Wi为第i个因素的权重系数。
通过PPR建模计算高聚物质量比Rp、动应力比CSR、围压σ3和固结比Kc对高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余剪应变和残余体应变的影响权重系数见表5。由表可知,各影响因素对高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形的相对影响权重排序为高聚物质量比Rp>围压σ3>动应力比CSR>固结比Kc。说明高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余剪应变和残余体应变受高聚物质量比Rp的影响最大,围压σ3和动应力比CSR的影响次之,固结比Kc最小。
针对残余变形,已有学者进行了大量的研究,得出了常用的两类模型,一种是考虑动应力与残余变形关系的模型;另一种是考虑振动周次与残余变形关系的模型。周次-残余变形模型相较于动应力-残余变形模型能够更好地描述土石坝在地震作用下的永久变形。因此,本文选用沈珠江模型研究高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余变形。
沈珠江残余变形模型[16]是基于吉林台面板堆石坝坝料动三轴试验结果而提出的,认为残余变形随振次的发展在半对数坐标上服从线性衰减,其基本表达式为
式中:εvrγr分别为残余体应变和残余剪应变;cvrcdr分别为残余体应变参数和残余剪应变参数;γd为动剪应变幅值,随着动应力幅值的增大而明显增大,一般开始几周较大,后期略有减小,整理资料时以第10次循环幅值为准;c1c2c3c4c5为模型参数,由试验结果确定。
本文采用沈珠江残余变形模型对高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余变形试验结果进行整理,绘制本次试验不同高聚物质量比Rp下的高聚物胶凝戈壁土动残余变形与振动次数的关系曲线,采用式(4)、式(5)对试验结果进行拟合,如图8所示。
图8可知,不同高聚物质量比Rp下的动残余变形试验结果在振动次数N的半对数坐标上均表现出不同程度的非线性,与沈珠江模型假设的线性拟合差异较大。所以,残余变形模型建立时应考虑高聚物质量比Rp对高聚物胶凝戈壁土动残余变形的影响,用lgmN+1)代替式(4)、式(5)中lg(N+1)对试验结果进行拟合,得到不同条件下的指数m值见表6表7
表6表7可知,指数m随高聚物质量比Rp的增大而呈非线性增加,为反映高聚物胶凝戈壁土在不同高聚物质量比Rp条件下的动残余变形与振动次数的关系,对沈珠江动残余模型进行修正,如式(8)、式(9)所示:
在不考虑应力水平Slcvr的影响(即c3 = 0)和Kc为1.5、2.0条件下,在双对数坐标下绘制cvr-γd的关系曲线,如图9所示。由图9可知,在不同高聚物质量比Rp下的cvr-γd关系基本符合线性曲线,与动应变增幅值γd在双对数坐标内的数据点离散性较大,说明沈珠江残余变形模型不能合理的估计固结比Kc对残余剪应变的影响。应综合考虑高聚物质量比Rp和固结比Kc对高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余剪应变的影响,对残余剪应变参数cdr进行修正,如式(10)所示:
采用式(10)在高聚物质量比Rp为0%、3%条件下对试验结果与动剪应变幅值γd关系绘制于双对数坐标中,如图10所示。由图可知,采用修正后的残余变形模型式(10)对试验结果的线性拟合效果相较于原沈珠江模型要好,数据点的离散性减小,表明修正后的残余变形模型能更好地描述高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余剪应变。
为验证高聚物胶凝戈壁土的修正残余变形模型的适用性,进行固结比Kc为1.5和2.0、围压σ3为0.4 MPa和0.8 MPa、动应力比CSR为0.4和0.8、高聚物质量比Rp为3%条件下的高聚物胶凝戈壁土动残余变形试验。考虑戈壁土在工程中一般采用较大的干密度填筑,验证试验密度以戈壁土相对密度Dr=0.85 (ρd=2.205 g/cm3)控制。
整理得到的不同试验条件下的残余剪应变γr、残余体应变εvr与振动次数N的关系曲线,并采用式(8)、式(9)进行非线性拟合,结果见图11。由图11可知,高聚物胶凝戈壁土在较大密度时的残余剪应变γr与残余体应变εvr随振动次数N增长也呈非线性增大,采用指数函数形式拟合时试验点与拟合曲线吻合度较高。
根据图12计算得残余体应变参数cvr和残余剪应变参数cdr,在双对数坐标内分别绘制关系曲线和cvr-γd关系曲线。由图可知,cvr-γd在双对数坐标内具有良好的线性关系,说明修正残余变形模型能较好描述高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形规律。由拟合直线的截距和斜率分别推求出高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余变形模型参数,见表8
综上,修正后的残余变形模型可以较好地描述高聚物胶凝戈壁土在密度较大时的动残余变形试验结果。
本文进行了高聚物胶凝戈壁土的中型动三轴试验,研究高聚物质量比、围压、固结比和动应力比对高聚物胶凝戈壁土动残余变形的影响,并采用投影寻踪回归(PPR)对各影响因素进行了分析;在沈珠江动残余变形模型的基础上,考虑高聚物质量比对动残余变形的影响,采用指数函数对动残余剪应变和残余体应变随振动次数的关系进行拟合,建立了适用于高聚物胶凝戈壁土的修正残余变形模型。主要得出以下结论:
1)高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余变形随高聚物质量比的增大而减小。高聚物质量比为3%的高聚物胶凝戈壁土在经受30次循环振动荷载后产生的残余剪应变为天然戈壁土的15.0%~18.8%,残余体应变为天然戈壁土的12.1%~22.2%,并且高聚物质量比越大,减小幅度越大。说明高聚物的掺入能有效提高戈壁土的整体性,减小戈壁土在动荷载作用下的颗粒移动,显著降低动残余变形。
2)围压、固结比和动应力比对高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形均有影响。高聚物胶凝戈壁土的残余剪应变和残余体应变均随围压的增长而增大,服从线性增长规律;动残余变形随固结比的增大而减小,随动应力比的增大而增大。
3)通过投影寻踪回归分析,得出高聚物质量比、动应力比、围压和固结比对高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余剪应变和残余体应变的影响权重排序依次为高聚物质量比、围压、动应力比、固结比,表明高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形受高聚物质量比的影响最大。
4)在沈珠江动残余变形模型的基础上,采用指数函数对残余变形与振动次数的关系进行拟合,具有较好的拟合度;考虑高聚物质量比对动残余变形的影响,建立了高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形修正模型;通过验证试验,得出修正后的残余变形模型可以较好地描述密度较大时的高聚物胶凝戈壁土的动残余变形试验结果。
本文仅对各影响因素对高聚物戈壁土的动残余变形特性的影响进行了试验研究,未涉及到对建筑物的结构优化方面的分析,这一部分工作尚需作更深一步研究。
  • 新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01A100)
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2024年第44卷第4期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0421
  • 接收时间:2023-05-11
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-11
  • 修回日期:2023-05-31
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新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01A100)
作者信息
    1.新疆农业大学 水利与土木工程学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052
    2.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830052

通讯作者:

杨海华(1986—),男,高级实验师,博士,主要从事岩土工程材料静、动力特性研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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