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In order to explore the feasibility of reuse of waste clay bricks, a series of experimental studies were conducted on hysteretic behavior of 6 brick aggregate geopolymer recycled concrete-filled circular steel tubular (BAGRC-FST) columns. Key parameters including steel tube thickness (4 mm and 6 mm), replacement ratio of brick aggregate (0%, 50%, 100%) and axial compression ratio (0.05, 0.25 and 0.50) were considered. The failure mode, skeleton curves and hysteretic curves of the specimens under reciprocating load were obtained, and the change law of seismic performance indicators such as stiffness degradation, hysteresis behavior, peak bearing capacity, ductility, bearing capacity degradation and energy-dissipation capacity of the components were analyzed. The results indicated that the failure mode of the specimen is characterized by bulging and cracking at the bottom of specimens and the breakage of the core concrete in the area where plastic hinges appear, which is similar to that of ordinary CFST columns. The increase of brick aggregate replacement ratio of brick aggregate and axial compression ratio reduces the bearing capacity of specimens, and the increase of steel tube thickness will increase the bearing capacity of specimens. The hysteretic curves of specimens were plump without obvious pinching effect, implying that the BAGRC-FST columns had desired energy-dissipation capacity. Moreover, increasing the axial compression ratio reduces the deformation capacity of specimens and accelerates the degradation of stiffness and bearing capacity. However, increasing the thickness of the steel tube can improve the deformation ability of specimens. The substitution rate of brick aggregate has limited influence on stiffness degradation, ductility, bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the BAGRC-FST columns.

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为探究废弃黏土砖再利用的可行性,对6根圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱的滞回性能进行了系列试验研究。以不同钢管厚度(4、6 mm)、砖骨料取代率(0%、50%、100%)、轴压比(0.05、0.25、0.50)为参数,得到了试件在往复荷载作下的失效模态、骨架曲线和滞回曲线,并对构件的刚度退化、滞回性能、峰值承载力、延性、承载力退化和耗能能力等抗震性能指标的变化规律分析。结果表明:试件的失效模式表现为底部发生鼓曲、开裂,出现塑性铰的区域核心混凝土破碎,与普通钢管混凝土相似;砖骨料取代率和轴压比的增加会降低试件的承载力,钢管厚度的增加会提高试件的承载力。试件的滞回曲线饱满,表现出不明显的捏缩,表明耗能能力较好;轴压比的增加导致试件的变形能力降低,加快了刚度和承载力的退化速度,增长钢管厚度可以提高试件的变形能力;砖骨料取代率对试件刚度退化、延性、承载能力和耗能能力的影响有限。

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颜桂云(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构抗震与减震隔震研究。E-mail:
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蒋国平(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事岩土和结构防灾减灾研究。E-mail:

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蒋国平(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事岩土和结构防灾减灾研究。E-mail:

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蒋国平(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事岩土和结构防灾减灾研究。E-mail:

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Design parameters of specimens

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试件编号钢管直径D/mm钢管厚度t/mm砖骨料取代率r/%轴压比n轴压力/kN截面约束系数ξ
CTG4-0-0.25140400.25280.290.62
CTG4-0.50-0.251404500.25254.700.78
CTG4-1.00-0.2514041000.25243.790.89
CTG4-0.50-0.051404500.0550.940.78
CTG4-0.50-0.501404500.50509.400.78
CTG6-0.50-0.251406500.25289.671.19
), ArticleFig(id=1245390169935819464, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390157029946364, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试件设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号钢管直径D/mm钢管厚度t/mm砖骨料取代率r/%轴压比n轴压力/kN截面约束系数ξ
CTG4-0-0.25140400.25280.290.62
CTG4-0.50-0.251404500.25254.700.78
CTG4-1.00-0.2514041000.25243.790.89
CTG4-0.50-0.051404500.0550.940.78
CTG4-0.50-0.501404500.50509.400.78
CTG6-0.50-0.251406500.25289.671.19
), ArticleFig(id=1245390170053259981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390157029946364, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Components of brick aggregate geopolymer recycled concrete and measured strength

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件组别rBA/%溶胶比材料用量/(kg/m3fcu/MPafck/MPa
碱激发剂石子砂子矿渣粉煤灰砖骨料
BAGRC-000.553571451787162.5487.5055.1835.56
BAGRC-50500.55357725.5787162.5487.5725.543.0528.51
BAGRC-1001000.553570787162.5487.5145137.2124.89
), ArticleFig(id=1245390170158117586, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390157029946364, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土配合比设计及实测强度

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件组别rBA/%溶胶比材料用量/(kg/m3fcu/MPafck/MPa
碱激发剂石子砂子矿渣粉煤灰砖骨料
BAGRC-000.553571451787162.5487.5055.1835.56
BAGRC-50500.55357725.5787162.5487.5725.543.0528.51
BAGRC-1001000.553570787162.5487.5145137.2124.89
), ArticleFig(id=1245390170250392282, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390157029946364, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Chemical composition of fly ash and mineral powder

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料SiO2Al2O3CaOFe2O3MgOSO3Na2OK2OTiO2MnO其他
粉煤灰36.6334.107.608.303.200.501.604.303.300.150.32
矿渣17.5015.1045.600.4516.901.550.650.521.250.330.15
), ArticleFig(id=1245390170351055583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390157029946364, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

粉煤灰和矿渣的化学成分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材料SiO2Al2O3CaOFe2O3MgOSO3Na2OK2OTiO2MnO其他
粉煤灰36.6334.107.608.303.200.501.604.303.300.150.32
矿渣17.5015.1045.600.4516.901.550.650.521.250.330.15
), ArticleFig(id=1245390170455913189, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390157029946364, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Property index of natural coarse aggregate and brick aggregate

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指标粒径/mm表观密度/(kg/m3吸水率/%压碎指标/%
砖骨料4.75~26.50228515.2317.32
天然骨料4.75~26.5028303.159.41
), ArticleFig(id=1245390170535604970, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390157029946364, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

天然粗骨料和砖骨料的性能指标

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标粒径/mm表观密度/(kg/m3吸水率/%压碎指标/%
砖骨料4.75~26.50228515.2317.32
天然骨料4.75~26.5028303.159.41
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Load and displacement values at characteristic points

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编号加载方向屈服点峰值点破坏点μ
Py/kNΔy/mmPm/kNΔm/mmΔu/mm
CTG4-0-0.25正向41.819.5761.3028.7048.405.05
反向47.5411.8858.4028.0040.53.41
平均44.6810.7359.8528.3544.454.23
CTG4-0.50-0.25正向41.4010.2355.0823.1039.863.90
反向39.009.6650.1817.0044.984.66
平均40.209.9552.6320.0542.424.28
CTG4-1.00-0.25正向33.388.8048.1019.9044.755.09
反向39.9910.6853.4022.1039.183.67
平均36.699.7450.7521.0041.974.38
CTG4-0.50-0.05正向41.3710.1958.5028.8452.605.16
反向41.9511.9052.8029.2044.333.72
平均41.6611.0555.6529.0248.474.44
CTG4-0.50-0.50正向31.507.9349.8017.1531.894.02
反向32.337.5145.2016.6327.573.67
平均31.927.7247.5016.8929.733.85
CTG6-0.50-0.25正向45.0310.5974.1236.2453.725.07
反向49.4812.7465.4028.1053.624.21
平均47.2611.6769.7632.1753.674.64
), ArticleFig(id=1245390170661434099, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390157029946364, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

试件各特征点荷载、位移值

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编号加载方向屈服点峰值点破坏点μ
Py/kNΔy/mmPm/kNΔm/mmΔu/mm
CTG4-0-0.25正向41.819.5761.3028.7048.405.05
反向47.5411.8858.4028.0040.53.41
平均44.6810.7359.8528.3544.454.23
CTG4-0.50-0.25正向41.4010.2355.0823.1039.863.90
反向39.009.6650.1817.0044.984.66
平均40.209.9552.6320.0542.424.28
CTG4-1.00-0.25正向33.388.8048.1019.9044.755.09
反向39.9910.6853.4022.1039.183.67
平均36.699.7450.7521.0041.974.38
CTG4-0.50-0.05正向41.3710.1958.5028.8452.605.16
反向41.9511.9052.8029.2044.333.72
平均41.6611.0555.6529.0248.474.44
CTG4-0.50-0.50正向31.507.9349.8017.1531.894.02
反向32.337.5145.2016.6327.573.67
平均31.927.7247.5016.8929.733.85
CTG6-0.50-0.25正向45.0310.5974.1236.2453.725.07
反向49.4812.7465.4028.1053.624.21
平均47.2611.6769.7632.1753.674.64
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圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱滞回性能试验研究
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蒋国平 1 , 颜桂云 2 , 刘如月 2 , 刘宪成 2 , 张鹏起 2
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(4): 104-114
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(4): 104-114
圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱滞回性能试验研究
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蒋国平1 , 颜桂云2 , 刘如月2, 刘宪成2, 张鹏起2
作者信息
  • 1.福建江夏学院 工程学院,福建 福州 350108
  • 2.福建省土木工程新技术与信息化重点实验室,福建理工大学 土木工程学院,福建 福州 350118
  • 蒋国平(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事岩土和结构防灾减灾研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

颜桂云(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构抗震与减震隔震研究。E-mail:
Experimental study on hysteretic behavior of brick aggregate geopolymer recycled concrete-filled circular steel tubular column
Guoping JIANG1 , Guiyun YAN2 , Ruyue LIU2, Xiancheng LIU2, Pengqi ZHANG2
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Engineering, Fujian Jiangxia University, Fuzhou 350108, China
  • 2.Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Informatization in Civil Engineering, School of Civil Engineering, Fujian University of Technology, Fuzhou 350118, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0410
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为探究废弃黏土砖再利用的可行性,对6根圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱的滞回性能进行了系列试验研究。以不同钢管厚度(4、6 mm)、砖骨料取代率(0%、50%、100%)、轴压比(0.05、0.25、0.50)为参数,得到了试件在往复荷载作下的失效模态、骨架曲线和滞回曲线,并对构件的刚度退化、滞回性能、峰值承载力、延性、承载力退化和耗能能力等抗震性能指标的变化规律分析。结果表明:试件的失效模式表现为底部发生鼓曲、开裂,出现塑性铰的区域核心混凝土破碎,与普通钢管混凝土相似;砖骨料取代率和轴压比的增加会降低试件的承载力,钢管厚度的增加会提高试件的承载力。试件的滞回曲线饱满,表现出不明显的捏缩,表明耗能能力较好;轴压比的增加导致试件的变形能力降低,加快了刚度和承载力的退化速度,增长钢管厚度可以提高试件的变形能力;砖骨料取代率对试件刚度退化、延性、承载能力和耗能能力的影响有限。

砖骨料  /  地聚物再生混凝土  /  圆钢管混凝土柱  /  砖骨料取代率  /  滞回性能

In order to explore the feasibility of reuse of waste clay bricks, a series of experimental studies were conducted on hysteretic behavior of 6 brick aggregate geopolymer recycled concrete-filled circular steel tubular (BAGRC-FST) columns. Key parameters including steel tube thickness (4 mm and 6 mm), replacement ratio of brick aggregate (0%, 50%, 100%) and axial compression ratio (0.05, 0.25 and 0.50) were considered. The failure mode, skeleton curves and hysteretic curves of the specimens under reciprocating load were obtained, and the change law of seismic performance indicators such as stiffness degradation, hysteresis behavior, peak bearing capacity, ductility, bearing capacity degradation and energy-dissipation capacity of the components were analyzed. The results indicated that the failure mode of the specimen is characterized by bulging and cracking at the bottom of specimens and the breakage of the core concrete in the area where plastic hinges appear, which is similar to that of ordinary CFST columns. The increase of brick aggregate replacement ratio of brick aggregate and axial compression ratio reduces the bearing capacity of specimens, and the increase of steel tube thickness will increase the bearing capacity of specimens. The hysteretic curves of specimens were plump without obvious pinching effect, implying that the BAGRC-FST columns had desired energy-dissipation capacity. Moreover, increasing the axial compression ratio reduces the deformation capacity of specimens and accelerates the degradation of stiffness and bearing capacity. However, increasing the thickness of the steel tube can improve the deformation ability of specimens. The substitution rate of brick aggregate has limited influence on stiffness degradation, ductility, bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity of the BAGRC-FST columns.

brick aggregate  /  geopolymer recycled concrete  /  concrete-filled circular steel tubular column  /  brick aggregate replacement ratio  /  hysteretic behavior
蒋国平, 颜桂云, 刘如月, 刘宪成, 张鹏起. 圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱滞回性能试验研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (4) : 104 -114 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0410
Guoping JIANG, Guiyun YAN, Ruyue LIU, Xiancheng LIU, Pengqi ZHANG. Experimental study on hysteretic behavior of brick aggregate geopolymer recycled concrete-filled circular steel tubular column[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (4) : 104 -114 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0410
随着城镇化的不断推进,老旧房屋被拆除,造成大量建筑垃圾的遗留。数据表明,2018年我国的建筑垃圾产量达到了30亿吨,仅有不到5%得到有效的再利用[1]。建筑垃圾作为粗骨料来制备再生混凝土是目前较为理想的建筑垃圾处理方式[2],可减少天然石子的开采,循环利用现有资源。这对环境的改善、以及经济效益的提高都具有良好的应用前景。
自21世纪以来,建筑行业应用了大量的烧结砖,旧城改造项目产生的废弃黏土砖在建筑垃圾中占比较高[3],再生黏土砖混骨料怎样高效利用成为学者们研究的重点。目前,关于再生砖混骨料及再生砖混骨料混凝土的性能已有不少国内外学者研究,研究表明,砖骨料具有孔隙率大、自身压碎指标高、强度低和吸水率高等特点[4-6],受力时骨料易有大量微裂缝产生,混凝土的力学性能受影响。在10%~25%的砖骨料取代率下,混凝土力学性能受砖骨料的影响不明显[7-8],但要实现较高的砖骨料取代率需借助外部约束或外加剂来削弱砖骨料的性能缺陷。余康康等[9]在研究高轴压比下圆钢管再生混凝土柱的抗震性能试验中发现,低轴压比下具有良好的延性及耗能能力,高轴压比下延性较差,且过高轴压比会降低试件的耗能能力。已有关于钢管再生混凝土柱力学性能的研究[10-16]表明,钢管再生混凝土柱利用外部钢管的约束可提高核心再生混凝土的承载能力和变形性能,与普通钢管混凝土柱破坏机理和受力过程类似,再生混凝土应用于工程实际具有较高的可行性。
以硅酸盐水泥作为胶凝材料的混凝土,其生产过程中伴有大量的CO2排放[17],不符合未来低碳环保和可持续发展理念。目前,已有不少学者利用地聚物取代硅酸盐水泥作为胶凝材料进行混凝土制备,制备地聚物主要以矿渣、粉煤灰等工业废弃物为原料,具有较好的环境效应。已有研究发现,地质聚合物混凝土具有早期强度高、结构致密、黏结性强和耐高温等优良性能[18-19]。因此,利用地聚物代替硅酸盐水泥,砖骨料代替天然骨料制备地聚物再生砖骨料混凝土,并利用外部钢管的约束提高其力学性能[20-21],可有效提高建筑垃圾和工业废渣的利用率,顺应国家绿色、环保和低碳的发展理念。
鉴于此,本文提出了一种以再生砖骨料为粗骨料,地聚物为胶凝材料的圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱,并对往复荷载作用下的力学性能展开研究。以钢管厚度、轴压比和砖骨料替代率为参数,设计了6根圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱,通过拟静力试验,进一步考察试件的承载力、典型失效模式、滞回曲线以及变形能力等性能指标,以期对砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土构件的工程应用提供参考。
试验共设计6根圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱,结合GB 50936—2014《钢管混凝土结构技术规范》[22]中的规定和试验条件,试件设计高度均为750 mm,钢管外径140 mm,构件详细构造如图1所示。主要考察的参数包括钢管厚度t(4、6 mm)、砖骨料取代率r(0%、50%、100%),轴压比n(0.05、0.25、0.50),各试件的设计参数见表1
外部钢管为20#无缝圆钢管,制备内部混凝土所需材料为天然河砂,废弃黏土砖骨料、矿渣、粉煤灰和碱激发剂等。废弃黏土砖骨料和天然粗骨料满足4.75~26.50 mm的连续级配。配制前,测得砖骨料的吸水率(15.23%),高于天然骨料的吸水率(3.15%),因此需要对砖骨料提前进行浸润处理,使其湿润不干燥。利用片状固体氢氧化钠(NaOH)(纯度为95%)、硅酸钠(Na2SiO3)和水,按照一定配合比进行碱激发剂配制,模数为1.4M。以C50为基准强度配制普通地聚物再生混凝土,再通过砖骨料取代粗骨料(等质量取代)制备砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土。表2给出了砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土的配合比设计。
为了防止地聚物混凝土的早凝现象,在配制地聚物混凝土时加入胶凝材料总质量1.5%的蔗糖和硼砂作为缓凝剂。将混凝土分批次浇筑入钢管,将振捣棒插入钢管中振捣密实,浇筑结束后不封闭自然养护14 d。封口前对钢管端部进行打磨找平,对端部有缺陷的试件凿毛后用高强环氧砂浆修补,然后焊接端板,并在试件端部加焊加劲肋。封口完成后对钢管进行打磨除锈,刷上油漆,并在钢管底部画网格线以方便应变片定位及试验现象观测。
试验所用矿渣和粉煤灰的组成成分见表3;砖骨料和天然骨料的基本物理性能见表4。混凝土抗压强度试验根据GB/T 50081—2019《混凝土物理力学性能试验方法标准》[23]测试,测得砖骨料不同取代率下的再生混凝土抗压强平均值度见表2。圆钢管采用20#无缝钢,采用GB/T 22315—2008《金属材料弹性模量和泊松比试验方法》[24]测得其钢材性能;弹性模量为2.12×105 MPa,屈服强度为371.3 MPa,极限强度为513.6 MPa,泊松比为0.293。
图2图3分别为加载装置示意图和现场试验加载装置。加载初期,通过柱顶的油压千斤顶平缓施加轴力,预设轴压比为0.25,随后用MTS作动器对柱端施加水平力,水平加载方式参考ATC-24[25]的相关规定:荷载控制阶段按0.25Puc、0.50Puc、0.70Puc进行加载(Puc为试件理论峰值承载力),循环2次;位移控制阶段按Δy、1.5Δy、2Δy、3Δy、4Δy、5Δy、…进行加载,其中,Δy=Puc/KsecKsec为荷载-位移曲线上0.70Puc的割线刚度,前三级位移循环加载3次,其余循环加载2次。当试件承载力下降至峰值荷载的85%或试件出现明显破坏时,停止加载。
试验中柱顶的水平荷载由MTS自身的传感器采集,试件应变由布置于外部钢管柱底部的应变片测得。试件共布置5个位移计,沿高度均匀分布。位移计布置如图3所示。试验时,指定靠近MTS作动器加载点的水平面为C面,远离加载点的为A面。构件与应变测点布置如图4所示。
不同设计参数的圆钢管砖骨料再生混凝土柱在往复荷载作用下呈现出相似的破坏现象和失效模式。本节以试件CTG4-0.50-0.25为例对试件的破坏过程进行描述,在力控制加载阶段,水平位移和荷载呈线性关系,外部钢管未出现鼓曲、脱漆等,试件AC面的应变较BD面大,此时试件处于弹性阶段。在位移控制加载阶段,位移加载达到1.5Δy~2Δy时,钢管柱底部AC面第一网格处出现略微鼓曲,此时水平荷载处于峰值。当加载至2Δy~3Δy时,AC面底部的鼓曲进一步发展,鼓曲变大,反向加载时鼓曲现象逐渐减弱,加卸载循环过程中试件的鼓曲现象交替出现,第一网格处漆层褶皱以及部分应变片脱落,且可听到混凝土被压裂的咔嚓声。当加载至5Δy时,试件AC面底部鼓曲加剧并呈现向BD面发展的趋势,承载力出现下降。当加载至6Δy时,试件底部油漆有脱落现象,其塑性铰区域部分应变片失效,距底部加劲肋10 mm处钢管开裂。
试件外部钢管与内部砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土的典型破坏模态如图5所示。有无砖骨料取代的试件最终破坏模态相似,为塑性铰区域的核心混凝土被压碎脱落,其他区域无明显的破坏现象。图6给出了不同设计参数下试件的局部破坏模态,均为试件底部钢管鼓曲,部分试件底部钢管撕裂,其中试件CTG4-0.50-0.05底部鼓曲较轻微,试件CTG4-0.50-0.5底部钢管鼓曲情况加重,说明轴压比的增加会导致屈曲现象加剧;试件CTG6-0.50-0.25的底部鼓曲程度相对于CTG4-0.50-0.25轻微,钢管厚度增加可以改善鼓曲现象。
图7为6个试件的荷载-位移(P-Δ)滞回曲线,PΔ分别表示MTS施加柱顶的水平荷载以及对应的试件柱顶位移。
由图可知:
1)在力控制加载阶段,加卸载时曲线刚度变化不明显,柱顶水平荷载随位移线性比例变化,滞回环面积较小,试件整体处于弹性状态。
2)当进入位移控制加载阶段时,试件的水平荷载与位移呈现正相关增长,试件内部核心混凝土在往复水平荷载作用下出现裂缝后不断发展,最终导致局部混凝土的压碎脱。随着加载继续,残余变形逐渐明显。在每个加载级的第二次循环中,试件承载力表现出一定程度的降低,承载力出现了退化。
3)由图7(a)、(b)和(c)可知,不同砖骨料取代率下试件的滞回性能均较为饱满,说明砖骨料的取代对试件的滞回性能影响不明显,但砖骨料取代率的增加会使试件承载力随之下降。
4)由图7(b)、(d)和(e)可知,试件CTG4-0.50-0.05的滞回曲线饱满,在钢管弯曲破坏前承载力没有明显的下降,表现出较好的延性。试件CTG4-0.50-0.50的滞回曲线表现出微弱的捏缩现象,其主要原因是轴压比的增加导致外部钢管提前出现受压屈曲,对内部再生混凝土的约束消弱,二者间的界面性能有所弱化,承载力呈现明显下降。
5)由图7(b)和(f)可知,增加钢管厚度会使试件的滞回曲线更为饱满,能明显地提高构件滞回性能。其原因是钢管对内部混凝土的约束随着厚度的增加而提高,减轻了混凝土裂缝发展。
各试件的P-Δ骨架曲线见图8
图8(a)可知,各试件的骨架曲线在弹性阶段基本重叠,进入弹塑性阶段后骨架曲线的发展有所差异,主要因为在弹性阶段受力有限,核心再生混凝土受钢管的约束作用较强,砖骨料的性能缺陷对曲线的影响不明显;随着加载继续,钢管开始出现局部屈曲,对核心混凝土的约束效应减弱,再生砖骨料的力学性能缺陷逐渐凸显。与试件CTG4-0-0.25相比,试件CTG4-0.50-0.25和CTG4-1.00-0.25的峰值承载力分别下降了12.06%和15.21%。主要是因为砖骨料在破碎筛分过程中产生一定的微裂缝,随着再生砖骨料掺量增加,微裂缝对混凝土力学性能的影响越大,导致试件的峰值承载力呈下降趋势。
图8(b)可知,轴压比对试件的骨架曲线有明显影响。除试件CTG4-0.50-0.50的下降段陡降,其余试件的下降均相对平稳。试件CTG4-0.50-0.05和CTG4-0.50-0.25的峰值承载力相差较小,仅为2.83 kN,可见轴压比小于0.25时对试件的峰值承载力无明显影响;但试件CTG4-0.50-0.50的峰值承载力比CTG4-0.50-0.25下降了9.75%,试件的整体失效模式接近混凝土被压碎的脆性破坏,说明较大的轴压比会试件承载性能影响明显。
图8(c)可知,随钢管壁厚增加,试件弹性阶段刚度有了一定的提高,试件CTG6-0.50-0.25的峰值承载力较CTG4-0.50-0.25提高了32.55%,因此,增加壁厚显著提升了试件的峰值承载力,但下降段刚度与试件CTG4-0.50-0.25相似。表明增加钢管的壁厚,核心混凝土受钢管的约束效应增加,提高了试件的抗侧刚度,加强了抵抗局部破坏的能力,但外部钢管屈曲后,其对核心混凝土的约束能力降低,因此骨架曲线下降段的退化类似。
表5给出了各试件的延性系数和特征点,表中μ =ΔuyΔy表示屈服点位移,Δu表示峰值荷载下降到85%时极限荷载相对应的位移值。试件的垂直度在试验时会存在偏差,导致正负向特征点荷载位移值有所不同,本节中采用各特征点的平均值进行分析。由表可知:
1)试件CTG4-0.50-0.25和CTG4-0.50-0.50的延性系数与CTG4-0.50-0.05相比分别下降了2.67%和12.22%,说明逐渐增大轴压比,导致试件的延性系数呈现下降趋势。主要原因是较大的轴压下,导致试件弯矩二阶效应更为明显,试件的性能退化加剧,导致试件破坏提前,影响了试件的极限变形能力。
2)不同砖骨料取代率下的地聚物砖骨料混凝土试件,各试件的延性系数在4.18~4.38之间波动,说明砖骨料取代率和胶凝材料对试件延性系数的实际影响很小。
3)CTG6-0.50-0.25的延性系数为4.64,CTG4-0.50-0.25的延性系数为4.28。随着钢管壁厚的增加,其延性系数提升了8.41%,说明壁厚增加可改善试件的变形能力。
为反映试件在低周往复作用下刚度的变化情况,采用割线刚度K来表示本次试验试件的刚度,具体定义式为
式中:Ki为第i级荷载对应的割线刚度;PiΔi分别为第i级荷载下的最大荷载及其对应的位移;“+”和“-”表示加载方向。
图9为刚度退化曲线,采用不同加载级下第一次循环的割线刚度K与初始弹性阶段的割线刚度K0进行归一化处理,最终获取刚度退化系数τ并绘制τ-Δ/Δy刚度退化曲线。由图9可知,当位移比Δ/Δy<2时,刚度退化幅度较大,退化幅度接近初始刚度的40%;Δ/Δy≥2时,此时连续增加加载位移而试件刚度退化逐渐减缓。究其原因在加载初期,试件受较小荷载作用,试件变形虽不明显,但钢管底部核心再生混凝土开裂,损伤不断累积,导致刚度快速退化到初始刚度的40%左右。继续不断的增大加载位移,试件达到塑性变形阶段,钢管有局部屈曲显现,削弱了核心再生混凝土的约束效应,核心再生混凝土裂缝加剧继而出现脱落,试件的刚度退化速率减缓。
图9(a)可知,砖骨料取代率的变化未明显影响试件的刚度退化趋势,其主要是由于钢管对核心混凝土的约束效应,削弱了再生砖骨料力学缺陷带来的不利影响。由图9(b)可知,在Δ/Δy = 2时,试件CTG4-0.50-0.50的刚度退化达到初始刚度的60%,在同一位移比下其刚度退化趋势明显快于试件CTG-0.50-0.05和CTG4-0.50-0.25,说明轴压比较大的试件,其弯矩二阶效应更为明显,加快了核心砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土的破碎及外部钢管的屈曲破坏的进程,造成试件刚度退化速率加快。由图9(c)可知,试件的刚度退化曲线基本重叠,钢管壁厚对其影响微弱;可能是由于试验设计的厚度范围较小,导致了钢管壁厚的优势在刚度退化中表现并不明显。
耗能是评估构件能量耗散能力的关键指标,本节试件耗能性能分析通过等效黏滞阻尼系数he进行分析,he的计算为
式中:SABC+CDA)为图10中滞回曲线所围的面积;SΔOBE+ΔODF)为位移轴为边与滞回曲线峰值点为高围成的三角形面积。
等效黏滞阻尼系数he取每级加载的第一次循环,he值越大则表明在该位移加载级下试件耗能效率较高,试件的he-Δ/Δy关系曲线如图11所示。总体上,各试件的he在0.392~0.513之间,位移加载的增加he也随着变大,表明了圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱的耗能能力较好。
图11(a)可知,各试件具有大体一致的等效黏滞阻尼系数的发展规律,表明在钢管约束条件下试件的耗能性能受砖骨料取代率的影响不明显。由图11(b)可知,等效黏滞阻尼系数受轴压比改变的影响较明显,且和Δ/Δy呈正相关。在Δ/Δy>2时,轴压比的增加会提高等效黏滞阻尼系数,表明适当的控制轴压比对柱的抗震性能有利。其原因是随着位移的增大,较大的轴压比会进一步加剧试件底部钢管和核心再生混凝土的环向膨胀速度,混凝土的开裂耗散了一定的能量,进而轴压比的增加提高了试件的同一加载级下的耗能效率。由图11(c)可知,试件耗能能力的提高也可以通过增加钢管壁厚来实现,但其提升幅度不明显,推测其原因是钢管壁厚的增加虽然提高了试件的承载力,但同时减轻了混凝土的裂缝发展,混凝土开裂耗能减少。
为进一步了解圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱在往复加载下的承载力退化情况,对试件的承载力退化曲线进行分析,承载力退化系数λ根据式(3)得到:
式中,分别为第j加载级第一次循环和第二次循环时对应的承载力。
图12为计算得到的各试件承载力退化曲线。由图12(a)可知,Δ/Δy<4.5时,不同取代率的承载力退化曲线大体重叠,Δ/Δy≥4.5时,试件的承载力退化曲线之间差距不明显,说明砖骨料取代率变化对承载力退化曲线影响不明显;图12(b)说明了轴压比的变化对承载力退化系数影响较为明显。增加轴压比导致承载力退化系数下降段逐渐加快,其主要原因是较大的轴压比下试件的弯矩二阶效应更明显,加速了试件的承载力退化;由图12(c)可知,钢管壁厚的增加对试件承载力退化性能有一定的改善,是由于在提高壁厚时,内部再生混凝土受钢管的约束作用增强。
图13给出了部分试件的纵向应变(应变片19#)和横向应变(应变片20#)的发展情况。由图中应变片19#的应力-应变曲线可知,加载初期,应变随着荷载增加线性增长,往复荷载下纵向拉、压应变交替出现;继续加载,随着位移的增加,试件的塑性越来越明显,滞回环面积逐渐增加,损伤不断累积导致外部钢管不可恢复的变形增大,受力状态不再对称变换。当砖骨料取代率小于50%时,砖骨料取代率对试件纵向受力情况的影响较小,而当砖骨料取代率增加至100%时,再生砖骨料存在的性能缺陷显现,试件塑性快速发展。应变片20#反映了试件内部混凝土的破坏情况,由于核心砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土碎裂后挤压外部钢管使其膨胀鼓曲处于环向受拉状态,整个加载过程中的横向应变以受拉状态为主。
本文通过对6根圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱的滞回性能试验,主要采用了轴压比、钢管厚度以及砖骨料取代率等参数对其滞回性能的影响规律,主要得到以下结论:
1)与普通钢管混凝土柱类似,圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱在往复荷载作用下的破坏模态为钢管底部鼓曲、开裂;核心再生混凝土被碾压破碎,破碎区域主要集中在距柱底10 cm高度处的塑性铰区域,其他区域未见明显的开裂损伤。
2)往复荷载作用下圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱的滞回曲线饱满,未出现明显的捏缩现象,说明试件具有良好的耗能能力,且其等效黏滞阻尼系数随位移的增加而提升;不同砖骨料取代率下的试件耗能能力无明显差别,钢管厚度和轴压比增加可以在一定程度上改善试件的耗能性能。
3)圆钢管砖骨料地聚物再生混凝土柱的承载力随着砖骨料取代率和轴压比的增加而降低,但随着钢管厚度的增加而提升。改变砖骨料取代率对试件的承载力退化、刚度退化、延性等抗震性能指标影响有限;轴压比增加会降低试件变形能力,加快承载力及刚度的退化;增加钢管厚度可以在一定程度上改善试件的变形性能和延缓承载力退化。
  • 福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目(2021Y4018)
  • 福建省财政厅科技项目(GY-Z21005)
  • 福建省自然科学基金项目(2023J011112)
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2024年第44卷第4期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0410
  • 接收时间:2023-04-27
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-04-27
  • 修回日期:2023-06-21
基金
福建省科技厅高校产学合作项目(2021Y4018)
福建省财政厅科技项目(GY-Z21005)
福建省自然科学基金项目(2023J011112)
作者信息
    1.福建江夏学院 工程学院,福建 福州 350108
    2.福建省土木工程新技术与信息化重点实验室,福建理工大学 土木工程学院,福建 福州 350118

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颜桂云(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构抗震与减震隔震研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
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genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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