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Article(id=1245390008606113881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0322, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1705939200000, receivedDateStr=2024-01-23, revisedDate=1709136000000, revisedDateStr=2024-02-29, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853716278, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853716278, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853716278, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853716278, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390004252426256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='230', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853715241, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854338522, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392618545332491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392618545332492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=223, endPage=230, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390008845189219, articleId=1245390008606113881, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Seismic damage investigation and analysis of water supply system in Ms6.2 Jishishan earthquake, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The Ms6.2 magnitude earthquake that struck Jishishan County, Gansu Province, on December 18, 2023, caused varying levels of damage to different engineering structures in the region, resulting in significant casualties. In order to study the impact on the water supply system, based on the investigation data, the seismic damage characteristics of buildings, structures, facilities, equipments, and water supply pipeline networks were summarized. The study revealed that structures designed and constructed to be earthquake-resistant experienced relatively minor damage, highlighting the effectiveness of China’s earthquake-resistant design standards. The water plant located in the low-intensity zone was shut down as a result of the earthquake, with oil leakage from certain equipment leading to water contamination and a reduction in water supply capacity. Additionally, the water supply pipeline network in the high-intensity zone sustained multiple damages at the connections of the old steel pipelines, resulting in water shortage and reduced water pressure that adversely impacted residents’ lives. Finally, four recommendations for recovery and rebuilding were proposed, including the adoption of seismic isolation techniques for equipments, the use of flexible connections for pipe-equipment interfaces, the selection of water supply pipe materials, and the conduct of a comprehensive leakage survey of the pipe network.

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2023年12月18日甘肃省积石山县发生6.2级地震，造成当地各类工程结构发生不同程度的破坏，导致了重大人员伤亡。基于调查资料，总结了供水系统中的建（构）筑物、设施设备和供水管网的震害特征。研究表明：经过正规抗震设计和施工的建筑物震害较轻，表明我国抗震设计规范发挥了积极作用；低烈度区水厂设施设备因地震破坏而停运，个别设备漏油污染了水质，进而导致了供水能力下降；位于高烈度区的供水管网在老旧钢质管道连接处发生多处破坏，出现了水量不足、水压降低的情况，给居民生活造成了不利影响。最后，从采取设备减隔震技术、管道和设备接口采用柔性连接、选择供水管道材质、全面开展管网漏损排查等四个方面提出了恢复重建的建议。

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郭恩栋（1966—），男，研究员，博士，主要从事生命线工程抗震防灾研究。E-mail：
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闫培雷（1982—），男，副研究员，博士，主要从事生命线工程抗震防灾研究。E-mail：

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闫培雷（1982—），男，副研究员，博士，主要从事生命线工程抗震防灾研究。E-mail：

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闫培雷（1982—），男，副研究员，博士，主要从事生命线工程抗震防灾研究。E-mail：

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Great Wenchuan earthquake of M8.0 in Sichuan: Assessment and research on the seismic disaster of Deyang lifeline engineering, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390026767450235, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=9, issue=3, pageStart=359, pageEnd=367, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=21, authorNames=刘爱文, 帅向华, 吕红山, journalName=震灾防御技术, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘爱文，帅向华，吕红山，等. 鲁甸地震生命线工程震害特点及应急抢修[J]. 震灾防御技术，2014，9(3):359-367., articleTitle=鲁甸地震生命线工程震害特点及应急抢修, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390026868113533, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2014, volume=9, issue=3, pageStart=359, pageEnd=367, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[12], rfOrder=22, authorNames=LIU Aiwen, SHUAI Xianghua, LV Hongshan, journalName=Technology for Earthquake Disaster Prevention, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Aiwen, SHUAI Xianghua, LV Hongshan, et al. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Damage characteristics and emergency recovery of lifeline engineering in Ludian earthquake, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390026947805312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=23, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB/T 18208.3———2011地震现场工作第3部分：调查规范[S]. 北京：中国计划出版社，2011., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390027027497092, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[13], rfOrder=24, authorNames=null, journalName=null, refType=null, unstructuredReference=GB/T 18208.3—2011 Post-earthquake field works—Part 3: Code for field survey[S]. 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caption=泵房内8部出水阀电泵, figureFileSmall=WqgUEciwsRNJSB0ujBAuig==, figureFileBig=LJV7g1n6FSd0z9cnrQcoow==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018995405538, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Pump No.6 stopped operating, figureFileSmall=dxbZVSASU9/k8JD8A9BcDQ==, figureFileBig=Gro352sh9gPMoSWrNLGNww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019100263148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=图3, caption=第六号电泵停止运行, figureFileSmall=dxbZVSASU9/k8JD8A9BcDQ==, figureFileBig=Gro352sh9gPMoSWrNLGNww==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019335144182, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Filter tank No.6 dried out, figureFileSmall=BG9xihQD4dCTJTkqX38GhQ==, figureFileBig=1NGo3BsAyG5Sy8OuqNzD+w==, tableContent=null), 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label=Fig. 6, caption=Overturned inverter cabinet rest 30 minutes after the earthquake, figureFileSmall=jdhnysFWHQ0jqCsKBOBTtA==, figureFileBig=z0L12XFP/H5EvlAeG6bJcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019851043607, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=图6, caption=倾覆的变频柜在震后30 min复位, figureFileSmall=jdhnysFWHQ0jqCsKBOBTtA==, figureFileBig=z0L12XFP/H5EvlAeG6bJcg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019972678429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Water supply pump No.2 with 355 kW capacity halted, figureFileSmall=ESMLYk5P4JSAWKa8xPwnvw==, figureFileBig=0/TzDT9Wkuq4RnXN007T2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020073341732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=图7, caption=2号355 kW供水泵停止运行, figureFileSmall=ESMLYk5P4JSAWKa8xPwnvw==, figureFileBig=0/TzDT9Wkuq4RnXN007T2g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020190782250, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Leakage at flange connections, figureFileSmall=9UD4uAXMXOB8Fo0dbu4I/w==, figureFileBig=wjp1OqIyHu+/B03cUDkulA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020308222767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=图8, caption=法兰连接处渗漏, figureFileSmall=9UD4uAXMXOB8Fo0dbu4I/w==, figureFileBig=wjp1OqIyHu+/B03cUDkulA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020442440508, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Mud scrapers in machine processing pool, figureFileSmall=Xs5I+R51nYXSh6JqHlWRyA==, figureFileBig=KJw9426OZ7+DUjnRdjugOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020564075333, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=图9, caption=机加池内的刮泥机, figureFileSmall=Xs5I+R51nYXSh6JqHlWRyA==, figureFileBig=KJw9426OZ7+DUjnRdjugOA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020656350029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Mud scraper oil leakage polluting water quality, figureFileSmall=1XVwfpY4DusjcnXIBH/WEA==, figureFileBig=l+iNw+bAH+jJZbu+BPgHfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020752819026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=图10, caption=刮泥机漏油污染水质, figureFileSmall=1XVwfpY4DusjcnXIBH/WEA==, figureFileBig=l+iNw+bAH+jJZbu+BPgHfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020840899417, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Cracks between deflector channels and adjacent frame beams, figureFileSmall=Aq9/W8AMoEvlM+1Jhy9mvw==, figureFileBig=KJLp4q30+LjrLebC5pziUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020941562722, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=图11, caption=导流槽与相邻框架梁之间出现裂缝, figureFileSmall=Aq9/W8AMoEvlM+1Jhy9mvw==, figureFileBig=KJLp4q30+LjrLebC5pziUg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390021025448806, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Leakage at pipe flange connections underneath deflector channel, figureFileSmall=4CpaekfR+DIleE7fVDF6fQ==, figureFileBig=6dEv7Zxgx3oN6gdoB67OAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390021100946286, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=图12, caption=导流槽下部管道法兰连接处渗漏, figureFileSmall=4CpaekfR+DIleE7fVDF6fQ==, figureFileBig=6dEv7Zxgx3oN6gdoB67OAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390021193220978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=No.1 clean water reservoir of Xiaojia Water Treatment Plant, figureFileSmall=doJLURK0RIR7TycE2XRZ4Q==, figureFileBig=spICqhoy2cHoqyKjtKAm7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390021285495672, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=图13, caption=肖家水厂1号清水池, figureFileSmall=doJLURK0RIR7TycE2XRZ4Q==, figureFileBig=spICqhoy2cHoqyKjtKAm7A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390021398741886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Cracking of plaster layer in No.1 Clean Water Reservoir, figureFileSmall=Ktg7k57OX6Tgy3t8TU4Tsw==, figureFileBig=/NVjr9uI36A9hBfPD7oH0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390021495210886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=图14, caption=1号清水池抹灰层开裂, figureFileSmall=Ktg7k57OX6Tgy3t8TU4Tsw==, figureFileBig=/NVjr9uI36A9hBfPD7oH0g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390021583291274, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Fig. 15, caption=Tiles falling off the top of the pre-sedimentation pond, figureFileSmall=Hcym2SBP+g7vLgVkMzfFUA==, figureFileBig=YlRL9ZoFeh6VVWF0MmTWdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390021696537490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=图15, caption=预沉池顶部瓷砖掉落, figureFileSmall=Hcym2SBP+g7vLgVkMzfFUA==, figureFileBig=YlRL9ZoFeh6VVWF0MmTWdA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390021826560922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Fig. 21, caption=Water leakage from damaged pipe connections in Shiyuan Township(region of 8 degree), figureFileSmall=KWfke22TnfekPROcGfUong==, figureFileBig=2EGbiK1P6oDwd5DRYX0MeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390023139378144, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=图21, caption=石塬镇管道连接处破坏漏水（8度区）, figureFileSmall=KWfke22TnfekPROcGfUong==, figureFileBig=2EGbiK1P6oDwd5DRYX0MeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390023277790180, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic information of water supply pipelines of different materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材质PE管道PP-R管道球墨铸铁钢管
长度/km224483216
管径/mm630、800、100090、110、160300、350、400、450、50025、32、80、100、150、200
建造年代2017年之后2010年前后2017年之后2000年前后
), ArticleFig(id=1245390023399425001, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同材质供水管道的基本情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
材质PE管道PP-R管道球墨铸铁钢管
长度/km224483216
管径/mm630、800、100090、110、160300、350、400、450、50025、32、80、100、150、200
建造年代2017年之后2010年前后2017年之后2000年前后
), ArticleFig(id=1245390023516865519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Water supply pipelines damage assessment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
烈度区管道材质管道长度/km破坏处数平均震害率（处/10 km）
7度PP-R管道7.054.72
钢管5.71
PE管道30.00
7度PP-R管道11.900.17
球墨铸铁7.00
钢管9.01
6度PE管道194.000.00
PP-R管道30.40
球墨铸铁25.00
), ArticleFig(id=1245390023630111734, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

供水管道震害统计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
烈度区管道材质管道长度/km破坏处数平均震害率（处/10 km）
7度PP-R管道7.054.72
钢管5.71
PE管道30.00
7度PP-R管道11.900.17
球墨铸铁7.00
钢管9.01
6度PE管道194.000.00
PP-R管道30.40
球墨铸铁25.00
), ArticleFig(id=1245390023739163643, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Failure classification of water supply pipeline network

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
破坏等级对应管网平均震害率λ/（处/10 km）
基本完好0
轻微破坏0 < λ ≤ 2
中等破坏2 < λ ≤ 5
严重破坏5 < λ ≤ 12
毁坏λ > 12
), ArticleFig(id=1245390023856604160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

供水管网破坏等级划分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
破坏等级对应管网平均震害率λ/（处/10 km）
基本完好0
轻微破坏0 < λ ≤ 2
中等破坏2 < λ ≤ 5
严重破坏5 < λ ≤ 12
毁坏λ > 12
), ArticleFig(id=1245390023990820867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Seismic damage rate of pipelines of different materials

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
烈度区材质
PE管道PP-R管道球墨铸铁管道钢管
8度0.001.750.007.14
7度0.000.000.001.11
6度0.000.000.000.00
), ArticleFig(id=1245390024083095560, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008606113881, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同材质管道的震害率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
烈度区材质
PE管道PP-R管道球墨铸铁管道钢管
8度0.001.750.007.14
7度0.000.000.001.11
6度0.000.000.000.00
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积石山6.2级地震供水系统震害调查与分析
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闫培雷 1, 2 , 郭恩栋 1, 2 , 余世舟 1, 2 , 孙得璋 1, 2 , 于天洋 3, 4
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(3): 223-230
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(3): 223-230
积石山6.2级地震供水系统震害调查与分析
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闫培雷1, 2 , 郭恩栋1, 2 , 余世舟1, 2, 孙得璋1, 2, 于天洋3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
  • 3.广东省地震局，广东 广州 510070
  • 4.广东省震灾风险防治中心，广东 广州 510070

    • 闫培雷（1982—），男，副研究员，博士，主要从事生命线工程抗震防灾研究。E-mail：

通讯作者:

郭恩栋（1966—），男，研究员，博士，主要从事生命线工程抗震防灾研究。E-mail：
Seismic damage investigation and analysis of water supply system in Ms6.2 Jishishan earthquake
Peilei YAN1, 2 , Endong GUO1, 2 , Shizhou YU1, 2, Dezhang SUN1, 2, Tianyang YU3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration, Institute of Engineering Mechanics, China Earthquake Administration, Harbin 150080, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Disaster Mitigation, Ministry of Emergency Management, Harbin 150080, China
  • 3.Guangdong Earthquake Agency, Guangzhou 510070, China
  • 4.Guangdong Earthquake Disaster Risk Control and Prevention Center, Guangzhou 510070, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0322
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摘要
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2023年12月18日甘肃省积石山县发生6.2级地震，造成当地各类工程结构发生不同程度的破坏，导致了重大人员伤亡。基于调查资料，总结了供水系统中的建（构）筑物、设施设备和供水管网的震害特征。研究表明：经过正规抗震设计和施工的建筑物震害较轻，表明我国抗震设计规范发挥了积极作用；低烈度区水厂设施设备因地震破坏而停运，个别设备漏油污染了水质，进而导致了供水能力下降；位于高烈度区的供水管网在老旧钢质管道连接处发生多处破坏，出现了水量不足、水压降低的情况，给居民生活造成了不利影响。最后，从采取设备减隔震技术、管道和设备接口采用柔性连接、选择供水管道材质、全面开展管网漏损排查等四个方面提出了恢复重建的建议。

积石山地震  /  供水系统  /  震害调查  /  功能失效  /  供水管道  /  震害率

The Ms6.2 magnitude earthquake that struck Jishishan County, Gansu Province, on December 18, 2023, caused varying levels of damage to different engineering structures in the region, resulting in significant casualties. In order to study the impact on the water supply system, based on the investigation data, the seismic damage characteristics of buildings, structures, facilities, equipments, and water supply pipeline networks were summarized. The study revealed that structures designed and constructed to be earthquake-resistant experienced relatively minor damage, highlighting the effectiveness of China’s earthquake-resistant design standards. The water plant located in the low-intensity zone was shut down as a result of the earthquake, with oil leakage from certain equipment leading to water contamination and a reduction in water supply capacity. Additionally, the water supply pipeline network in the high-intensity zone sustained multiple damages at the connections of the old steel pipelines, resulting in water shortage and reduced water pressure that adversely impacted residents’ lives. Finally, four recommendations for recovery and rebuilding were proposed, including the adoption of seismic isolation techniques for equipments, the use of flexible connections for pipe-equipment interfaces, the selection of water supply pipe materials, and the conduct of a comprehensive leakage survey of the pipe network.

Jishishan earthquake  /  water supply system  /  seismic damage investigation  /  function failure  /  water supply pipeline  /  seismic damage rate
闫培雷, 郭恩栋, 余世舟, 孙得璋, 于天洋. 积石山6.2级地震供水系统震害调查与分析. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (3) : 223 -230 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0322
Peilei YAN, Endong GUO, Shizhou YU, Dezhang SUN, Tianyang YU. Seismic damage investigation and analysis of water supply system in Ms6.2 Jishishan earthquake[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (3) : 223 -230 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0322
正文
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0　引言
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供水系统是维系城镇功能与保障居民正常生产生活的基础设施[1-2]，任何故障与破坏都会对居民和企业造成影响[3-5]。2023年12月18日北京时间23时59分甘肃省临夏回族自治州积石山县发生里氏6.2级地震，震源深度10 km，震中位于积石山县柳沟乡（35.70°N，102.79°E），距积石山县8 km，距临夏市39 km，距兰州市102 km。此次地震最大烈度8度[6]，受灾范围约8 364 km2。截至31日10时，共造成151人死亡，979人受伤。地震发生后，科考队员对地震影响区内5个市（州）的房屋建筑和生命线工程进行了现场灾害调查。震后应急救援和灾后重建导致各类工程结构的震害现象很快不复存在，而震害现场调查旨在收集第一手工程震害资料[7-9]，总结经验教训，提升防灾减灾工作的水平[10-12]。
2023年12月26日至29日依次对临夏回族自治州供水公司及其下属新庄水厂和肖家水厂、海东市水务集团及其下属官亭镇农村饮用水工程的工程震害、功能失效情况进行考察。依据文献[13]对供水系统进行考察，获得了第一手震害资料，初步总结了地震影响区内自来水厂、人饮工程、供水管网的震害特点和功能失效状态，并简要分析了破坏原因，最后为灾后供水系统的恢复重建提出了建议。
1　供水系统的震害
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通过对供水系统进行震害调查发现：自来水厂、农村饮用水工程、供水管网中的设施设备和建（构）筑物均有不同程度破坏，建（构）筑物的破坏相对较轻，而设施设备的破坏停运导致供水系统发生了不同程度的功能失效，对人民生产生活造成了一定影响。
1.1　自来水厂
新庄水厂位于临夏回族自治州折桥镇慈王村，水厂于2022年9月投产，日供水能力达8.5万t，水厂由制水车间、脱泥车间、加药车间、高低压配电室、泵房以及办公楼组成，如图1所示。水厂通过1座机械搅拌池、2座折板反应池、2座斜管沉淀池以及8座V型滤池过滤水源，采用PAM一体化加药装置进行加药加速水质澄清，在加氯房通过液氯储罐对水质进行杀菌处理，在反冲洗车间对废水处理，通过以上“沉沙-絮凝-沉淀-过滤-消毒”一体化工艺使水质达标，并存入4座5000 m3地下式钢筋混凝土清水池，通过输水管网向临夏市城区供水。新庄水厂的建（构）筑物均按照7度进行抗震设防，此次地震中的实际影响烈度为6度。地震中，厂房、办公楼、各类水处理池和清水池均基本完好，一台出水阀电泵和一处阀门井电机电路发生故障。
肖家水厂位于临夏市城郊镇，供水区域为临夏市主城区7个街道和4个镇，该水厂于2003年6月投产，日供水能力达5万t，水厂由2座预沉池、2座机加池、3座地上式钢筋混凝土清水池（2座4 000 m3和1座10000 m3）、2座泵房以及办公楼组成。肖家水厂的建（构）筑物均按照7度进行抗震设防，此次地震中的实际影响烈度为6度。地震中，泵房、办公楼、各类水处理池和清水池均基本完好，1台浮放变频柜倾覆，1台供水泵电路发生故障，1台刮泥机漏油并污染水质。
自来水厂的震害包括：
1）生产设施设备的震害
新庄水厂的泵房内1台出水阀电泵由于晃动导致电路故障，电机停止运行，如图2和图3所示，导致第六号滤池不能正常使用，如图4所示。
新庄水厂内一处阀门井中管道连接处轻微渗漏，井中电机失效导致无法控制流量和压力，经抢修震后1 h正常运行，如图5所示。
肖家水厂的泵房内一组浮放变频柜倾覆，震后30 min后复位如图6所示，导致2号355 kW供水泵停止运行如图7所示，地震导致供水泵与管道之间的法兰处渗漏如图8所示。
肖家水厂1号机加池中的刮泥机由于晃动导致漏油，进而污染水质，如图9和图10所示，1号机加池于2023年12月19日停运。
2）建（构）筑物的震害
新庄水厂制水车间中的水处理池导流槽与相邻框架梁之间出现裂缝如图11所示，导流槽与相邻的框架梁柱属于不同的结构类型，二者动力特性不同导致地震中运动不一致，因此相邻处产生裂缝，不影响水处理池正常运行。但地震导致导流槽下部管道法兰连接处渗漏，维修人员正在处理，如图12所示。
肖家水厂4000 m3地上式钢筋混凝土清水池的抹灰层开裂如图13和图14所示，但不影响清水池的正常运行。肖家水厂1号预沉池瓷砖大片掉落如图15所示，钢筋混凝土框架结构的泵房填充墙抹灰层开裂如图16所示。
截至2023年12月29日（震后第11 d），新庄水厂8座V型滤池中的1座停运，导致供水量相较于震前下降12.5%；肖家水厂5台供水泵中的1台停运，导致供水量相较于震前下降20%，且沉淀过程中存在水质污染现象。
1.2　农村饮用水工程
调查了地震影响区内民和县官亭镇农村饮用水工程内生产设施设备和建（构）筑物的震害。该工程于2012年11月投产，日供水能力达400 m3，设计供水人口3435人，供水范围为官亭镇河沿村和赵木川村。该工程内的设施设备和建（构）筑物均按照7度进行抗震设防，此次地震中的实际烈度为8度。地震中单层泵房基本完好，钢筋混凝土清水池轻微破坏，压力式一体化净水器与管道法兰连接处拉脱，致使该工程中断供水近50 h，直至12月21日凌晨恢复正常供水。
该工程震害主要包括：压力式一体化净水器与管道法兰连接处大量漏水如图17所示，单层钢筋混凝土厂房的外墙保温层开裂如图18所示，主体结构基本完好；400 m3钢筋混凝土清水池顶部出现水平裂缝如图19所示。
1.3　供水管网
1）供水管网的概况与震害
地震影响区内供水管网总长约为320 km，不同材质的供水管道的基本情况如表1所示。
各烈度区内各类管道的长度、破坏处数和管网平均震害率如表2所示。
表2中的平均震害率的定义为
式中：λj为在j烈度区内的管网平均震害率（处/10 km）；DNPj为在j烈度区内管网总破坏处数；Lj为在j烈度区内管网的总长度（km）。
供水管网的震害表现为：8度区内个别供水主干管道与支管的连接处损坏，并导致大量漏水，如图20和图21所示。
文献[14]对供水管网地震破坏等级划分的规定如表3所示，8度区供水管网发生中等破坏，7度区供水管网发生轻微破坏，6度区供水管网基本完好。
经调查，8度区供水管网的功能受到较大影响，管网破坏导致大量漏水，同时由于抢修力量、备用管道不足导致修复时间较长，大河家镇供水中断近72 h；7度区供水管网的功能受到轻微影响，个别地区发生水压下降，但在24 h内得到解决；6度区供水管网的功能未受到影响。
2）不同材质管道的震害率
8度区内钢管长度为7 km，发生5处破坏；PP-R管道长度为5.7 km，发生1处破坏。7度区内钢管长度为9 km，发生1处破坏。不同材质管道的震害率如表4所示。
由表4可知：①PE管道和球墨铸铁管道在各烈度区均未发生破坏，表明PE管道和球墨铸铁管道的抗震能力强；②地震影响区内钢管建设年代较久，震害率随着地震烈度的增加而增大，8度区达到7.14处/10 km，表明钢管的抗震能力较弱；③PP-R管道在7度区未发生破坏，在8度区震害率达到1.75处/10 km，表明PP-R管道的抗震能力强于钢管，但弱于PE管道和球墨铸铁管道。
2　结语
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基于积石山地震供水系统科学考察工作，对地震影响区内自来水厂、人饮工程、供水管网的震害和功能失效状态进行了分析和总结，得到以下结论和建议：
1）从总体上看，供水系统中的建（构）筑物震害普遍较轻，供水设施设备和管网的地震破坏导致城镇供水能力出现了不同程度下降，如供水量不足、停水以及水厂水质污染等，给地震影响区内居民和企业的生产生活造成了一定的影响。因此，建议今后在地震现场科考中，除了关注工程结构的震害以外，还应重点关注供水系统功能失效对城镇功能供给的影响。
2）位于低烈度区（6度）的自来水厂中的建（构）筑物均按照国家规范正规设计和施工，遭遇的地震烈度低于抗震设防烈度，地震中绝大多数基本完好，震害以外墙抹灰层和保温层的开裂为主；部分设施设备由于地震破坏导致停运，引发供水量降低，尤其发生了设备漏油导致水厂水质污染的情况，这种情况在以往地震中极为少见。此次地震造成供水能力降低的“内伤”大大重于建（构）筑物的“外伤”，表现出显著的“小震大灾”的特点。建议恢复重建时电泵、电机以及变频柜等设备采用减隔震等技术措施提升抗震能力，设备与管道在工艺许可的条件下尽可能采用柔性连接代替法兰连接。
3）位于高烈度区（8度）的人饮工程中的建（构）筑物均按照国家规范正规设计和施工，遭遇的地震烈度高于抗震设防烈度，地震中整体破坏较轻，表明我国抗震设计规范的相关规定对保证建（构）筑物抗震能力发挥了积极作用。
4）供水管网以高烈度区（8度）老旧钢质管道连接处破坏为主，管道破坏导致管网供水能力受到较大影响，甚至出现长时间停水现象。考虑到老旧钢质管道在地震影响区的占比较小，建议在震后恢复与改造过程中，选用抗震性能较好的PE和球墨铸铁管道替代。此外，建议全面排查供水管网震后安全隐患，检测并定位漏点，维修供水功能严重降低的管道。
基金
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  • 中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2021B06; 2021C05)
  • 黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2021E122)
文献
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0322
  • 接收时间：2024-01-23
  • 首发时间：2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期：2024-01-23
  • 修回日期：2024-02-29
基金
中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2021B06; 2021C05)
黑龙江省自然科学基金联合引导项目(LH2021E122)
作者信息
    1.中国地震局工程力学研究所 地震工程与工程振动重点实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
    2.地震灾害防治应急管理部重点实验室，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080
    3.广东省地震局，广东 广州 510070
    4.广东省震灾风险防治中心，广东 广州 510070

通讯作者:

郭恩栋（1966—），男，研究员，博士，主要从事生命线工程抗震防灾研究。E-mail：
参考文献
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dzgcygczd/CN/10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0322
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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