Article(id=1245390010724233275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0314, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1649520000000, receivedDateStr=2022-04-10, revisedDate=1658419200000, revisedDateStr=2022-07-22, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853716784, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853716784, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853716784, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853716784, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390004252426256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='230', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853715241, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854338522, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392618545332491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392618545332492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=146, endPage=156, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390011005251648, articleId=1245390010724233275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Comparison of two-dimensional basin and sub-basin resonances under vertical incidence of SV and SH waves, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In addition to the direct incident body wave at the bottom, the sub-basin in the basin and sub-basin also have laterally propagated surface waves generated by the large basin, which lead to the change of the resonance characteristics of the sub-basins. Based on the explicit finite element method, the effects of sub-basin impedance ratio, large-basin dip angle and half-width on the resonance frequency and amplification factor of two-dimensional trapezoidal basin and sub-basin under the vertical incidence of SH and SV waves are comparatively analyzed. The results show that: affected by the laterally propagating surface waves generated in the large basin, the maximum values of PGV and Ex in the sub-basin are obviously amplified, and the amplification of SV waves is greater than that of SH waves. The sub-basin impedance ratio has a great influence on the maximum PGV, Ex, resonance frequency and amplification factor of the basin and sub-basin, while the dip angle and half-width of the large basin have little effect. Compared with a single small basin, the resonance frequency of the sub-basin increases under the incidence of SV wave and SH wave, with the value of incidence of SV wave greater than that of SH wave under the same impedance ratio. The amplification factor of the sub-basin under the incidence of SH wave is basically larger than that of the single small basin, while the SV wave is lower than the single small basin under the low impedance ratio, but higher than the single small basin and the SH wave incidence under the high impedance ratio. The resonance frequency and amplification factor of the basin and sub-basin are more affected under the incident SV wave than that of SH wave.

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盆地-子盆地中的子盆地除了底部直达的入射体波外,还存在大盆地产生的横向传播的面波入射,导致子盆地共振特性的变化。基于显式有限元法,对比分析了SH波和SV波垂直入射下,子盆地基底阻抗比、大盆地倾角和半宽对二维梯形盆地-子盆地的二维共振频率及其对应放大系数的影响。研究表明:受大盆地产生的横向传播面波的影响,子盆地的速度峰值PGV和累积能量Ex最大值均有明显放大,且SV波入射下的放大系数大于SH波;子盆地基底阻抗比对盆地-子盆地的PGV最大值、Ex最大值、二维共振频率及其对应放大系数影响较大,大盆地倾角和半宽的影响不大。SV波和SH波入射下子盆地二维共振频率较单一小盆地均有所增加,且同阻抗比下SV波入射的增幅大于SH波。SH波入射下二维共振频率下的放大系数基本大于单一小盆地,而SV波在低阻抗比下低于单一小盆地,高阻抗比下高于单一小盆地和SH波入射下的结果。SV波入射下盆地-子盆地的二维共振频率及其对应放大系数受大盆地的影响较SH波更大。

, correspAuthors=null, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
刘启方(1969—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事地震工程研究。E-mail:
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刘昇(1996—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地震工程研究。E-mail:

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刘昇(1996—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地震工程研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390024435413800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=186, pageEnd=196, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=24, authorNames=刘启方, 金星, 丁海平, journalName=地球物理学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘启方,金星,丁海平. 复杂场地条件下震源参数对断层附近长周期地震动的影响[J]. 地球物理学报200851(1):186-196., articleTitle=复杂场地条件下震源参数对断层附近长周期地震动的影响, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390024624157485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2008, volume=51, issue=1, pageStart=186, pageEnd=196, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[20], rfOrder=25, authorNames=LIU Qifang, JIN Xing, DING Haiping, journalName=Chinese Journal of Geophysics, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU Qifang, JIN Xing, DING Haiping. 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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Effects of the source parameters on long period near-fault ground motion inthe case of complex site condition, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1245390021327434415, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, awardId=51978434, language=CN, fundingSource=国家自然科学基金项目(51978434), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1245390021461652147, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, awardId=2021EEEVL0001, language=CN, fundingSource=中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2021EEEVL0001), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245390016860500390, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390016864694695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, companyId=1245390016860500390, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Key Laboratory of Structure Engineering of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390016873083305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, companyId=1245390016860500390, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=苏州科技大学 江苏省结构工程重点实验室,江苏 苏州 215009)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1245390018613719580, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Two dimensional basin and sub-basin model, figureFileSmall=kdoQ0cVErPhjrNmjILqq7w==, figureFileBig=CyJEK2vKgJkX/fkZWyEr0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018743743010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=CN, label=图1, caption=二维盆地-子盆地模型

注:LαH分别为大盆地半宽、倾角和深度;lh分别为子盆地半宽和深度;子盆地倾角固定为45°。

, figureFileSmall=kdoQ0cVErPhjrNmjILqq7w==, figureFileBig=CyJEK2vKgJkX/fkZWyEr0Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019012178487, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Time history and Fourier spectrum of Ricker wavelet, figureFileSmall=YLSnJqBikK6WMNuf7Ph1Sw==, figureFileBig=5ofcrcZdcXTgunsbXih9sQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019150590527, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=CN, label=图2, caption=Ricker子波时程及其傅里叶谱, figureFileSmall=YLSnJqBikK6WMNuf7Ph1Sw==, figureFileBig=5ofcrcZdcXTgunsbXih9sQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019221893699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Horizontal velocity time histories, PGV and Ex of small basin model and four basin and sub-basin models under SH (left) and SV incident wave (right), figureFileSmall=Ht5BxLOf0tY7X+EWNzSPKw==, figureFileBig=JFtAsFvHtotDIa9iOmGonA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019314168392, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=CN, label=图3, caption=SH波(左)和SV波(右)入射下单一小盆地模型和4种盆地-子盆地模型的水平方向的速度时程、PGV和Ex

注:子盆地倾角固定为45°;IC为阻抗比;α为大盆地倾角;L为大盆地半宽。

, figureFileSmall=Ht5BxLOf0tY7X+EWNzSPKw==, figureFileBig=JFtAsFvHtotDIa9iOmGonA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019406443086, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Ratio of maximum Ex and maximum PGV of basin and sub-basin to small basin at different impedance ratio under SH and SV incident wave, figureFileSmall=97565zX7pO8cfmB9CBFEOQ==, figureFileBig=e6Sndt/pGicM8uLuTcHFVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019490329167, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=CN, label=图4, caption=SH波和SV波入射下不同阻抗比的盆地-子盆地与单一小盆地的PGV最大值之比和Ex最大值之比, figureFileSmall=97565zX7pO8cfmB9CBFEOQ==, figureFileBig=e6Sndt/pGicM8uLuTcHFVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019607769685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Spectral amplification factors and resonance frequencies of small basin and basin-sub with large basin of different dip angles at different impedance ratio under SH and SV incident wave, figureFileSmall=GCAIXG4ne3WoaFP1rMCYPg==, figureFileBig=gL8AYwdhldEZnMyZ1/dnYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019741987422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=CN, label=图5, caption=SH波和SV波入射下不同阻抗比的单一小盆地和不同倾角的盆地-子盆地的放大系数和共振频率, figureFileSmall=GCAIXG4ne3WoaFP1rMCYPg==, figureFileBig=gL8AYwdhldEZnMyZ1/dnYQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019851039332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=EN, label=Fig. 6, caption=Average spectral amplification factors and average resonance frequencies of small basin and sub-basins with large basin of different dip angles at different impedance ratio under SH and SV incident wave, figureFileSmall=vTCqLsDPemQ5dj1n20SN5A==, figureFileBig=XD7QRjBFpV1zosAqNn9jcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019976868459, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=CN, label=图6, caption=SH波和SV波入射下不同阻抗比的单一小盆地和不同倾角的盆地-子盆地的平均放大系数和平均共振频率, figureFileSmall=vTCqLsDPemQ5dj1n20SN5A==, figureFileBig=XD7QRjBFpV1zosAqNn9jcw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020182389361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Spectral amplification factors and resonance frequencies of small basin and sub-basins with large basin of different half width at impedance ratio under SH and SV incident wave, figureFileSmall=IkKtIls/QnPwtcb9VnlOrw==, figureFileBig=4IB/nosd1w7yj0x7se4A8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020283052666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=CN, label=图7, caption=SH波和SV波入射下不同阻抗比的单一小盆地和不同半宽的盆地–子盆地的放大系数和共振频率, figureFileSmall=IkKtIls/QnPwtcb9VnlOrw==, figureFileBig=4IB/nosd1w7yj0x7se4A8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020387910271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Average spectral amplification factors and average resonance frequencies of small basin and sub-basins with large basin of different half width at impedance ratio under SH and SV incident wave, figureFileSmall=NvZDgzA1vW+tJqKTFwaB2g==, figureFileBig=KjfN6o/VVR3gdgBqa9hLMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020480184965, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=CN, label=图8, caption=SH波和SV波入射下不同阻抗比的单一小盆地和不同半宽的盆地-子盆地的平均放大系数和平均共振频率, figureFileSmall=NvZDgzA1vW+tJqKTFwaB2g==, figureFileBig=KjfN6o/VVR3gdgBqa9hLMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390020618597005, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Velocity structure model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称深度/m密度ρ/(g/cm3剪切波速vs/(m/s)泊松比阻尼比
子盆地2201.802450.300.05
2.00600
2.00650
2.00700
大盆地5002.007500.280.02
2.00800
2.10850
2.201050
基岩2.5020000.250.01
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020731843217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

速度结构模型

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称深度/m密度ρ/(g/cm3剪切波速vs/(m/s)泊松比阻尼比
子盆地2201.802450.300.05
2.00600
2.00650
2.00700
大盆地5002.007500.280.02
2.00800
2.10850
2.201050
基岩2.5020000.250.01
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020849283736, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Amplification factors and resonance frequencies of sub-basin with large basin of different dip angles

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入波工况vs/(m/s)ρ/(g/cm3大盆地基底阻抗比子盆地基底阻抗比共振频率下的放大系数共振频率/Hz
30°倾角45°倾角60°倾角75°倾角30°倾角45°倾角60°倾角75°倾角
SHSB2451.80015.2700.316
16002.0004.1702.72015.24015.21014.96014.9200.2730.2710.2730.271
26502.0003.8502.94015.64015.57015.41015.1500.280.2770.2770.276
37002.0003.5703.17015.68015.75015.83015.5600.2850.2840.2860.283
47502.0003.3303.40015.89015.93016.14015.9300.290.290.2910.289
58002.0003.1303.63016.04016.09016.29016.1300.2930.2930.2950.293
68502.1002.8004.05015.98016.05016.22016.0700.2970.2970.2980.297
710502.2002.1605.24015.67015.75015.93015.8300.3040.3040.3070.304
SVSB2451.80014.8700.371
16002.0004.1702.72012.81012.35013.37013.5700.2970.3070.310.313
26502.0003.8502.94013.81013.79014.13014.4500.3150.3220.3240.325
37002.0003.5703.17014.76014.90015.00015.1600.3280.3310.3330.334
47502.0003.3303.40015.37015.55015.64015.7600.3350.3370.3410.342
58002.0003.1303.63015.69015.88016.01016.0600.3410.3420.3460.349
68502.1002.8004.05015.90016.07016.26016.2200.3480.3490.3530.356
710502.2002.1605.24015.97016.09016.19016.1900.3590.3590.3630.364
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020949947038, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

不同大盆地倾角的子盆地的放大系数和共振频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入波工况vs/(m/s)ρ/(g/cm3大盆地基底阻抗比子盆地基底阻抗比共振频率下的放大系数共振频率/Hz
30°倾角45°倾角60°倾角75°倾角30°倾角45°倾角60°倾角75°倾角
SHSB2451.80015.2700.316
16002.0004.1702.72015.24015.21014.96014.9200.2730.2710.2730.271
26502.0003.8502.94015.64015.57015.41015.1500.280.2770.2770.276
37002.0003.5703.17015.68015.75015.83015.5600.2850.2840.2860.283
47502.0003.3303.40015.89015.93016.14015.9300.290.290.2910.289
58002.0003.1303.63016.04016.09016.29016.1300.2930.2930.2950.293
68502.1002.8004.05015.98016.05016.22016.0700.2970.2970.2980.297
710502.2002.1605.24015.67015.75015.93015.8300.3040.3040.3070.304
SVSB2451.80014.8700.371
16002.0004.1702.72012.81012.35013.37013.5700.2970.3070.310.313
26502.0003.8502.94013.81013.79014.13014.4500.3150.3220.3240.325
37002.0003.5703.17014.76014.90015.00015.1600.3280.3310.3330.334
47502.0003.3303.40015.37015.55015.64015.7600.3350.3370.3410.342
58002.0003.1303.63015.69015.88016.01016.0600.3410.3420.3460.349
68502.1002.8004.05015.90016.07016.26016.2200.3480.3490.3530.356
710502.2002.1605.24015.97016.09016.19016.1900.3590.3590.3630.364
), ArticleFig(id=1245390021063193253, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Amplification factors and resonance frequencies of basin and sub-basin with large basin of different half-width under SH and SV incident wave

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入波工况大盆地基底阻抗比子盆地基底阻抗比共振频率下的放大系数共振频率/Hz
半宽1.9 km半宽2.2 km半宽2.5 km半宽2.8 km半宽1.9 km半宽2.2 km半宽2.5 km半宽2.8 km
SHSB15.2700.316
14.1702.72015.19015.17014.96014.8700.2710.2720.2730.267
23.8502.94015.43015.44015.41015.1200.280.2810.2770.279
33.5703.17015.82015.97015.83015.4200.2870.2870.2860.285
43.3303.40015.96016.13016.14015.8200.2920.2920.2910.29
53.1303.63016.01016.30016.29016.1600.2950.2950.2950.294
62.8004.05016.00016.24016.22016.0800.2990.2990.2980.298
72.1605.24015.67015.88015.93015.9100.3070.3070.3070.306
SVSB14.8700.371
14.1702.72013.31013.84014.27014.2800.3020.3120.3140.319
23.8502.94014.01014.33014.63014.8700.3170.3240.3310.333
33.5703.17014.78014.79015.00015.3500.3280.3320.3360.34
43.3303.40015.32015.46015.64015.8700.3360.3390.3410.343
53.1303.63015.63015.84016.01016.2000.3430.3450.3460.347
62.8004.05015.87016.11016.26016.3700.350.3520.3530.353
72.1605.24015.91016.09016.19016.2600.3620.3630.3630.363
), ArticleFig(id=1245390021180633769, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390010724233275, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

SH波和SV波入射下不同半宽的盆地-子盆地的放大系数和共振频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
输入波工况大盆地基底阻抗比子盆地基底阻抗比共振频率下的放大系数共振频率/Hz
半宽1.9 km半宽2.2 km半宽2.5 km半宽2.8 km半宽1.9 km半宽2.2 km半宽2.5 km半宽2.8 km
SHSB15.2700.316
14.1702.72015.19015.17014.96014.8700.2710.2720.2730.267
23.8502.94015.43015.44015.41015.1200.280.2810.2770.279
33.5703.17015.82015.97015.83015.4200.2870.2870.2860.285
43.3303.40015.96016.13016.14015.8200.2920.2920.2910.29
53.1303.63016.01016.30016.29016.1600.2950.2950.2950.294
62.8004.05016.00016.24016.22016.0800.2990.2990.2980.298
72.1605.24015.67015.88015.93015.9100.3070.3070.3070.306
SVSB14.8700.371
14.1702.72013.31013.84014.27014.2800.3020.3120.3140.319
23.8502.94014.01014.33014.63014.8700.3170.3240.3310.333
33.5703.17014.78014.79015.00015.3500.3280.3320.3360.34
43.3303.40015.32015.46015.64015.8700.3360.3390.3410.343
53.1303.63015.63015.84016.01016.2000.3430.3450.3460.347
62.8004.05015.87016.11016.26016.3700.350.3520.3530.353
72.1605.24015.91016.09016.19016.2600.3620.3630.3630.363
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SV和SH波垂直入射下二维盆地–子盆地共振对比研究
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刘昇 , 刘启方
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(3): 146-156
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(3): 146-156
SV和SH波垂直入射下二维盆地–子盆地共振对比研究
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刘昇 , 刘启方
作者信息
  • 苏州科技大学 江苏省结构工程重点实验室,江苏 苏州 215009
  • 刘昇(1996—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地震工程研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

刘启方(1969—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事地震工程研究。E-mail:
Comparison of two-dimensional basin and sub-basin resonances under vertical incidence of SV and SH waves
Sheng LIU , Qifang LIU
Affiliations
  • Key Laboratory of Structure Engineering of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0314
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盆地-子盆地中的子盆地除了底部直达的入射体波外,还存在大盆地产生的横向传播的面波入射,导致子盆地共振特性的变化。基于显式有限元法,对比分析了SH波和SV波垂直入射下,子盆地基底阻抗比、大盆地倾角和半宽对二维梯形盆地-子盆地的二维共振频率及其对应放大系数的影响。研究表明:受大盆地产生的横向传播面波的影响,子盆地的速度峰值PGV和累积能量Ex最大值均有明显放大,且SV波入射下的放大系数大于SH波;子盆地基底阻抗比对盆地-子盆地的PGV最大值、Ex最大值、二维共振频率及其对应放大系数影响较大,大盆地倾角和半宽的影响不大。SV波和SH波入射下子盆地二维共振频率较单一小盆地均有所增加,且同阻抗比下SV波入射的增幅大于SH波。SH波入射下二维共振频率下的放大系数基本大于单一小盆地,而SV波在低阻抗比下低于单一小盆地,高阻抗比下高于单一小盆地和SH波入射下的结果。SV波入射下盆地-子盆地的二维共振频率及其对应放大系数受大盆地的影响较SH波更大。

盆地-子盆地  /  显式有限元法  /  二维盆地共振  /  阻抗比

In addition to the direct incident body wave at the bottom, the sub-basin in the basin and sub-basin also have laterally propagated surface waves generated by the large basin, which lead to the change of the resonance characteristics of the sub-basins. Based on the explicit finite element method, the effects of sub-basin impedance ratio, large-basin dip angle and half-width on the resonance frequency and amplification factor of two-dimensional trapezoidal basin and sub-basin under the vertical incidence of SH and SV waves are comparatively analyzed. The results show that: affected by the laterally propagating surface waves generated in the large basin, the maximum values of PGV and Ex in the sub-basin are obviously amplified, and the amplification of SV waves is greater than that of SH waves. The sub-basin impedance ratio has a great influence on the maximum PGV, Ex, resonance frequency and amplification factor of the basin and sub-basin, while the dip angle and half-width of the large basin have little effect. Compared with a single small basin, the resonance frequency of the sub-basin increases under the incidence of SV wave and SH wave, with the value of incidence of SV wave greater than that of SH wave under the same impedance ratio. The amplification factor of the sub-basin under the incidence of SH wave is basically larger than that of the single small basin, while the SV wave is lower than the single small basin under the low impedance ratio, but higher than the single small basin and the SH wave incidence under the high impedance ratio. The resonance frequency and amplification factor of the basin and sub-basin are more affected under the incident SV wave than that of SH wave.

basin and sub-basin  /  explicit finite element method  /  two-dimensional basin resonance  /  impedance ratio
刘昇, 刘启方. SV和SH波垂直入射下二维盆地–子盆地共振对比研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (3) : 146 -156 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0314
Sheng LIU, Qifang LIU. Comparison of two-dimensional basin and sub-basin resonances under vertical incidence of SV and SH waves[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (3) : 146 -156 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0314
沉积盆地通常会造成显著的地震动放大,其原因主要由一维土层放大、盆地共振、聚焦效应以及盆地次生面波等导致[1-4]。TUKER等[5]通过观测记录发现沉积盆地内存在共振现象。盆地的共振效应是指当盆地的深度和宽度之比较大时,在面波、盆地基底的直达体波以及盆地内多次反射波相互干涉叠加下,导致某一频段的地震动放大[6]。盆地共振会产生严重的震害,如1985年墨西哥地震中的墨西哥盆地存在的盆地异常灾害[7]。刘启方[8]对2014年鲁甸地震龙头山镇的震害研究表明,盆地的共振效应可能导致该区域的严重破坏。BARD等[9]对盆地共振效应的研究表明,二维共振取决于盆地的临界形状比,并给出了SH波入射下的共振频率和临界形状比公式及SV波入射下的临界形状比公式。盆地形状比[10]定义为盆地最大深度与有效宽度的一半之比。ZHU[11]在其研究基础上给出了SV波以及P波入射下二维盆地的共振频率的经验公式。
通常大盆地中可能存在小型子盆地,形成盆地-子盆地的特殊结构。KAWASE等[12]利用盆地-子盆地模型,分析了1985年墨西哥地震中盆地-子盆地的放大效应。GRAVES[13]模拟了1994年北岭地震中的洛杉矶盆地和子盆地的响应,研究表明,盆地产生的面波显著延长了地震动的持时。AOI等[14]利用三维盆地-子盆地模型,模拟2003年Tokachi-oki地震Yufutsu盆地的长周期地面运动。LIU等[15]采用谱元法模拟施甸盆地模型,发现盆地内的小型凹陷(子盆地)的放大作用更显著。
与单独小盆地相比,盆地-子盆地中子盆地的入射波除了底部直达的入射体波外,还存在大盆地产生的横向传播的面波入射,这可能导致子盆地的共振频率以及地震动放大的变化[116-18]。NARAYAN等[10]分析了SH波垂直入射下二维半圆形盆地-子盆地模型的共振,发现子盆地的共振频率大致降低约17%,随着阻抗比的提高,子盆地的共振频率提高。目前对于SV波入射下盆地-子盆地的二维共振缺乏研究。本文建立了112个不同倾角和半宽的大盆地的二维梯形盆地-子盆地、单一小盆地和纯基岩半空间模型,在时域和频域内定量分析了SV波入射下不同阻抗比的盆地-子盆地的共振频率及其对应的放大系数的关系,并与SH波入射下的结果进行对比分析。
本文利用廖振鹏[19]提出的显式有限元法结合透射边界技术,模拟盆地的地震响应。该方法在许多盆地的地震动研究中得到了应用[820]
计算区域内节点的运动方程为
式中:MCK分别为质量矩阵、阻尼矩阵和刚度矩阵。
采用中心差分法和平均近似结合的公式[20],计算任意内节点的位移和速度,表达式为
人工边界点采用多次透射公式[19]
式中:N为透射阶数,本文采用N = 1的一阶透射;0为人工边界点;j为与节点0相邻的内节点。根据有限元模拟的精度需要[19],即在一个有意义的波长内满足6 ~ 10个网格,本文模型在水平和垂直方向均采用10 m的网格,模拟的最高频率为2 Hz。
本文建立的梯形盆地-子盆地模型(basin and sub-basin,BSB),如图1所示。图中L为大盆地的半宽,α为大盆地的倾角,深度为500 m;子盆地的半宽l为500 m,深度为220 m,子盆地倾角固定为45 °。单一小盆地模型(small basin,SB)与盆地-子盆地模型中的子盆地相同,其下部介质为基岩。大盆地和子盆地的波速、密度等参数如表1所示。为了分析大盆地半宽和倾角对子盆地的影响,通过固定大盆地半宽为2500 m,取大盆地倾角α分别为30°、45°、60°、75°;固定大盆地倾角为60°,半宽L取1.9、2.3、2.5、2.8 km,分别计算了7种子盆地基底阻抗比下的SH波和SV波的响应,共计112种工况,在子盆地表面设置25个观测点,在大盆地表面布置106个,间距均为40 m,共计131个观测点,如图1所示。
本文采用Ricker子波从盆地基底垂直入射,如式(6)所示:
式中:ts为Ricker子波峰值到达时刻;fp为中心频率,考虑到SH波和SV波入射下的二维共振频率,中心频率取值为0.32 Hz。
图2给出了Ricker子波的时程及其傅氏谱。
SV波和SH波入射下盆地的临界形状比和二维共振频率如式(7)和式(8)[911]所示:
式中:对于SV波和SH波的Kc分别为0.45和0.65;K分别为2.9和2.0;CV为下伏基岩与盆地内介质的S波波速之比;H为盆地的最大深度;W为盆地有效宽度的一半,有效宽度指大于盆地深度一半所对应的跨度;为一维共振频率VS/4HVS为盆地内介质剪切波速;为二维盆地共振频率。当盆地形状比大于临界形状比则共振,反之则不发生共振。
由式(7)可知,临界形状比与剪切波速比CV有关,本文所取7种子盆地基底阻抗比(表2)对应的SV波入射下的临界形状比分别为0.37、0.35、0.33、0.31、0.3、0.29、0.25;SH波对应的临界形状比分别为0.54、0.51、0.48、0.45、0.43、0.41、0.36,而子盆地的形状比为0.56,大于以上临界形状比,因此子盆地在SH波和SV波入射下始终处于共振状态。由于本文讨论子盆地的共振效应,当波速接近600 m/s时,SH波入射下子盆地形状比为0.54,接近临界形状比0.56可能不发生共振,因此将大盆地波速最低定为600 m/s。由式(8)得到SV波入射下的子盆地二维共振频率在0.36 Hz左右,SH波在0.32 Hz左右,因此上文所取Ricker子波中心频率为0.32 Hz。
图3为SH波和SV波垂直入射下,单一小盆地和4种盆地-子盆地模型对应的盆地地表速度时程、地表速度峰值(peak ground velocity,PGV)及累积能量Ex [15],其中图3(a)为SH波和SV波入射下的单一小盆地模型的时程,图3(b)为SH波和SV波入射下的子盆地基底阻抗比为2.94、α为60°,L为2.5 km的盆地-子盆地模型的时程,图3(c)~(e)中的盆地-子盆地分别在图3(b)的基础上增加了子盆地基底阻抗比、大盆地倾角和半宽。子盆地倾角固定为45°,图中数字分别为阻抗比(impedance coil,IC)、大盆地倾角(α)和大盆地半宽(L)。文中所用累积能量Ex如式(9)所示:
式中:ρ为观测点处的密度;为水平方向的速度时程;Ex反映的是速度时程总体幅值和持时的影响,相较于PGV能更好地反映地震动在时域下的震动特征。
图3可知,SH波和SV波入射下的单独小盆地均表现为持时较长的二维共振。阻抗比为2.94时,大盆地倾角60 °、半宽2.5 km的盆地-子盆地模型中(图3(b)左图),由于大盆地边缘发育明显的横向传播的Rayleigh面波与子盆地基底入射波、子盆地产生的面波相互干涉叠加,导致SV波入射下的子盆地中心处PGV和Ex分别是单独小盆地模型的1.89倍和1.7倍;当子盆地基底阻抗比由2.94增大到4.05时,大盆地产生面波明显减少(图3(c)),子盆地中心处的PGV和Ex分别是小盆地的1.57倍和1.47倍;当盆地倾角增大到75°时,子盆地中心处的PGV和Ex分别为小盆地的1.86倍和1.67倍;当大盆地半宽增加至2.8 km时,子盆地中心处的PGV和Ex分别降低为小盆地的1.7倍和1.6倍。
而阻抗比为2.94时,大盆地倾角60°、半宽2.5 km的盆地-子盆地模型中(图3(b)右图),SH波入射下的子盆地中心处的PGV和Ex均为小盆地的1.3倍;当子盆地基底阻抗比增大时,子盆地中心处的PGV和Ex分别为小盆地的1.2倍和1.08倍;当盆地倾角增大时,子盆地中心处的PGV和Ex分别为小盆地的1.26倍和1.29倍;当大盆地半宽增大时,子盆地中心处的PGV和Ex分别为小盆地的1.24倍和1.30倍。因此,SH波和SV波入射下的阻抗比对于PGV和Ex在时域下的影响较大,而对于大盆地倾角和半宽的影响较小,并且SV波入射下的影响大于SH波。
图4给出了SH波和SV波入射下盆地-子盆地与单独小盆地的PGV最大值之比和Ex最大值之比。由图可知,随着盆地基底阻抗比的增大,SH波和SV波入射下的PGV最大值之比和Ex最大值之比均有所降低。SV波入射下二者均随阻抗比的增加而显著降低,分别由1.9降至1.4,由1.7降至1.26,降幅均在26%左右。SH波入射下的降低趋势较SV波小,二者分别由1.3降至1.12,由1.3降至1.1,降幅均在14%左右。由此可见,随着阻抗比的增大,SV波在时域下的影响大于SH波。
为了分析二维共振频率(以下简称共振频率)下的放大,本文将共振频率下的盆地模型与基岩半空间模型的傅里叶幅值谱之比定义为放大系数(以下简称放大系数)。SH波和SV波入射下单一小盆地和4种倾角的盆地-子盆地的放大系数和共振频率如表2所示,二者随阻抗比的变化如图5所示。
倾角对于放大系数的影响较小。由表2图5可知,SH波和SV波入射下不同倾角的盆地-子盆地的放大系数相差约4%。将不同倾角的盆地-子盆地的放大系数取平均值,如图6(a)所示。当低阻抗比(阻抗比为2.72)时,SV波入射下的放大系数明显低于单一小盆地,由单一小盆地的14.87降低至13.03,降幅为12.3%。随着阻抗比的增大,SV波入射下的放大系数增大。当阻抗比为3.17时,放大系数基本与单一小盆地相同,当阻抗比为5.24时,SV波入射下的放大系数由14.87增大至16.11,增幅为8.3%。而SH波入射下的放大系数也随阻抗比的增大而增大,在阻抗比为2.72时基本与单一小盆地相同,当阻抗比达到4.05时,SH波和SV波入射下的放大系数基本相同,当阻抗比为5.24时,SH波的放大系数由15.27增大至15.79,增幅为3.4%,低于SV波。由此可见,SV波入射下的不同倾角的盆地-子盆地放大系数受大盆地影响较SH波大。
表2图5可知,SH波和SV波入射下,同一阻抗比下的4种倾角的盆地一子盆地的共振频率相差不到5%,因此大盆地倾角对共振频率的影响不大。将不同倾角的盆地-子盆地的共振频率取平均值,如图6(b)所示,SH波入射下的共振频率低于SV波。受大盆地影响,当阻抗比为2.72时,SH波和SV波入射下的子盆地共振频率由单一小盆地的0.316 Hz和0.371 Hz分别降低至0.272 Hz和0.307 Hz,降幅分别为13.9%和17.3%。随着子盆地基底阻抗比提高,共振频率的降幅收窄,阻抗比为5.24时,降幅分别为3.6%和2.6%。总体上SV波入射下的不同倾角的盆地-子盆地的共振频率受大盆地的影响较SH波更大。SH波入射下的结果(17.3%)与NARAYAN等[10]的结论(17%)基本一致,但共振频率的变化幅度略小,这可能是由于本文采用的梯形盆地基底和其采用的半圆形盆地基底的差异所致。
SH波和SV波入射下单一小盆地、4种半宽的盆地-子盆地模型的放大系数和共振频率如表3所示。图7给出了二者随阻抗比的变化。
表3图7可知,SH波和SV波入射下,同一阻抗比下4种半宽的盆地-子盆地的共振频率及其对应的放大系数均相差在6%左右,因此半宽对于二者的影响也不大。将不同半宽的盆地-子盆地的共振频率及其对应的放大系数取平均值,如图8所示。当阻抗比为2.72时,SH波和SV波入射下子盆地共振频率由单一小盆地的0.316 Hz和0.371 Hz分别降低至0.271 Hz和0.312 Hz,降幅为14.3%和16%。随着子盆地基底阻抗比提高,共振频率的降幅收窄,阻抗比为5.24时,降幅分别为2.9%和2.2%。总体上SV波入射下不同半宽的盆地-子盆地的共振频率受大盆地的影响较SH波略大。
将不同半宽的盆地-子盆地的放大系数取平均值,如图8(a)所示。当低阻抗比(阻抗比为2.72)时,SV波入射下的放大系数明显低于单一小盆地,由单一小盆地的14.87降低至13.03,降幅为6.4%。随着阻抗比的增大,SV波入射下的放大系数增大。当阻抗比为3.17时,放大系数基本与单一小盆地相同,当阻抗比为5.24时,SV波入射下的放大系数由14.87增大至16.11,增幅为8.3%。而SH波入射下的放大系数也随阻抗比的增大而增大,在阻抗比为2.72时基本与单一小盆地相同,当阻抗比达到4.05时,SH波和SV波入射下的放大系数基本相同,当阻抗比为5.24,SH波的放大系数由15.27增大至15.85,增幅为3.8%,低于SV波。由此可见,SV波入射下的不同半宽的盆地-子盆地放大系数受大盆地影响较SH波大。
本文建立了112个不同参数的二维梯形盆地-子盆地模型,采用显式有限元法模拟了SH波和SV波垂直入射下的盆地地震动场,从时域和频域角度对比分析了子盆地基底阻抗比、大盆地倾角和半宽对盆地-子盆地二维共振频率及其对应的放大系数的影响,得出如下结论:
1)与单一小盆地相比,受大盆地产生的横向传播面波的影响,子盆地的PGV和Ex最大值均有明显放大,同一阻抗比下不同倾角和半宽的大盆地对PGV和Ex的影响较小。子盆地基底阻抗比对二者影响较大,随着阻抗比的增加,PGV和Ex最大值呈降低趋势,其中SV波的降幅大于SH波。
2)由于外部大盆地的存在,SH波和SV波入射下的盆地-子盆地中的子盆地共振频率始终小于单一小盆地。同一阻抗比下,大盆地倾角和半宽对SH波和SV波入射下的盆地-子盆地的二维共振频率及其对应的放大系数的影响不大,差别均在5%之内。
3)子盆地基底阻抗比对盆地-子盆地的二维共振频率及其对应的放大系数影响较大。随着阻抗比的增加,SH波和SV波入射下的子盆地二维共振频率均有所增加,且SV波入射下的增幅大于SH波。SH波和SV波入射的共振频率下的放大系数随阻抗比的增大而增大,SH波入射下子盆地的放大系数基本大于单一小盆地,而SV波在低阻抗比下低于单一小盆地,高阻抗比下高于单一小盆地和SH波入射下的结果。综合时域和频域的结果,SV波入射下盆地-子盆地系统的二维共振频率及其对应的放大系数受大盆地影响较SH波更大。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51978434)
  • 中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2021EEEVL0001)
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0314
  • 接收时间:2022-04-10
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-10
  • 修回日期:2022-07-22
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51978434)
中国地震局工程力学研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2021EEEVL0001)
作者信息
    苏州科技大学 江苏省结构工程重点实验室,江苏 苏州 215009

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刘启方(1969—),男,研究员,博士,主要从事地震工程研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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