Article(id=1245390006714479581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0308, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1676304000000, receivedDateStr=2023-02-14, revisedDate=1677945600000, revisedDateStr=2023-03-05, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853715828, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853715828, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853715828, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853715828, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390004252426256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='230', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853715241, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854338522, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392618545332491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392618545332492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=84, endPage=95, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390006970332126, articleId=1245390006714479581, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Study on flexural behavior of seawater sea-sand concrete filled plastic-lined steel tube composite members, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

A total of 12 seawater sea-sand concrete filled plastic-lined steel tube (SSC-PLST) specimens were tested by flexural loading and finite element modeling. The bending properties of the composite members and the influence of the plastic lining layer on the bending capacity of the composite members were studied. The effect of plastic lining on the load-carrying capacity of SSC-PLST members was investigated. The results show that, the failure pattern of SSC-PLST specimens is similar to that of conventional concrete filled steel tube (CFST) members, namely, the tension zone of steel tube yields and the concrete produces fine and dense flexural cracks, and the compression zone of steel tube buckles and the concrete at the corresponding position is crushed. The bending moment-deflection curve of SSC-PLST members is characterized by three stages, showing good load-carrying and deformation capacities. The contact stress between different components of SSC-PLST member is relatively small and unevenly distributed. The influence of plastic lining on the flexural capacity of SSC-PLST member is mainly related to the thickness of plastic layer, but is less affected by the strength of steel or concrete. Finally, a simplified calculation formula of load-carrying capacity for SSC-PLST flexural members is proposed, which can provide reference for the engineering application of this structural member.

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对12根衬塑钢管海水海砂混凝土(seawater sea-sand concrete filled plastic-lined steel tube,SSC-PLST)试件进行了受弯加载试验和有限元建模分析,研究该类构件的受弯性能及内衬塑料层对组合构件承载变形能力的影响规律。研究结果表明:SSC-PLST受弯构件的破坏形态具体表现为受压区钢管外凸屈曲、对应位置混凝土被压碎,受拉区钢管屈服、核心混凝土弯曲裂缝细而密,与普通钢管混凝土类似;试件的弯矩-挠度曲线呈三阶段特征,表现出良好的承载与变形性能。SSC-PLST构件不同部分之间的接触应力较小,且分布不均匀。内衬塑料对SSC-PLST构件受弯承载力的影响程度主要与塑料层厚度有关,受钢材强度和混凝土强度的影响较小。最终提出了SSC-PLST受弯构件承载力的简化计算公式,可为该结构构件的工程应用提供参考。

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叶勇(1985—),男,教授,博士,主要从事钢-混凝土组合结构研究。E-mail:
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吴毅彬(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事工程抗震与防灾、结构鉴定与加固研究。E-mail:

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吴毅彬(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事工程抗震与防灾、结构鉴定与加固研究。E-mail:

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Specimen parameters and main test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号钢管类型fcu/MPatp/mmMy/(kN•m)μm,y/mmMu/(kN•m)μm,u/mmMp/(kN•m)μm,p/mm
CT40-1碳素钢管40.1032.04.4538.67.5147.973.58
CT40-2碳素钢管40.1031.84.5141.69.7850.374.75
CT60-1碳素钢管62.1035.84.9746.612.0153.975.03
CT60-2碳素钢管62.1034.14.5945.817.1952.675.11
PL40-1衬塑钢管40.12.532.54.8949.116.8458.675.06
PL40-2衬塑钢管40.12.528.94.4249.216.1255.775.12
PL60-1衬塑钢管62.12.532.94.2753.314.5661.775.08
PL60-2衬塑钢管62.12.531.14.1352.911.1962.975.13
CT-h-1碳素钢管030.25.3534.59.1034.617.83
CT-h-2碳素钢管028.34.5634.29.3535.218.12
PL-h-1衬塑钢管2.530.94.4243.99.3743.923.24
PL-h-2衬塑钢管2.527.84.3842.98.9842.922.38
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019179950656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390006714479581, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试件参数及主要试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件编号钢管类型fcu/MPatp/mmMy/(kN•m)μm,y/mmMu/(kN•m)μm,u/mmMp/(kN•m)μm,p/mm
CT40-1碳素钢管40.1032.04.4538.67.5147.973.58
CT40-2碳素钢管40.1031.84.5141.69.7850.374.75
CT60-1碳素钢管62.1035.84.9746.612.0153.975.03
CT60-2碳素钢管62.1034.14.5945.817.1952.675.11
PL40-1衬塑钢管40.12.532.54.8949.116.8458.675.06
PL40-2衬塑钢管40.12.528.94.4249.216.1255.775.12
PL60-1衬塑钢管62.12.532.94.2753.314.5661.775.08
PL60-2衬塑钢管62.12.531.14.1352.911.1962.975.13
CT-h-1碳素钢管030.25.3534.59.1034.617.83
CT-h-2碳素钢管028.34.5634.29.3535.218.12
PL-h-1衬塑钢管2.530.94.4243.99.3743.923.24
PL-h-2衬塑钢管2.527.84.3842.98.9842.922.38
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Measured material mechanical properties of steel

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钢材种类fy/MPafu/MPaEs/GPaδ/%
碳素钢管33039520228.1
衬塑钢管35242220427.2
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钢材实测材料力学性能

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
钢材种类fy/MPafu/MPaEs/GPaδ/%
碳素钢管33039520228.1
衬塑钢管35242220427.2
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Mixing ratio of SSC

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混凝土类型水泥粗骨料细骨料外加剂减水剂
C40198471111457225粉煤灰
C60178554113060843粉煤灰+35硅灰12
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海水海砂混凝土配合比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
混凝土类型水泥粗骨料细骨料外加剂减水剂
C40198471111457225粉煤灰
C60178554113060843粉煤灰+35硅灰12
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衬塑钢管海水海砂混凝土组合构件受弯性能研究
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吴毅彬 1, 2 , 叶勇 3 , 余林康 3 , 郭子雄 3
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(3): 84-95
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(3): 84-95
衬塑钢管海水海砂混凝土组合构件受弯性能研究
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吴毅彬1, 2 , 叶勇3 , 余林康3, 郭子雄3
作者信息
  • 1.厦门理工学院 土木工程与建筑学院,福建 厦门 361024
  • 2.厦门理工学院 厦门市交通基础设施健康与安全重点实验室,福建 厦门 361024
  • 3.华侨大学 土木工程学院,福建 厦门 361021
  • 吴毅彬(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事工程抗震与防灾、结构鉴定与加固研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

叶勇(1985—),男,教授,博士,主要从事钢-混凝土组合结构研究。E-mail:
Study on flexural behavior of seawater sea-sand concrete filled plastic-lined steel tube composite members
Yibin WU1, 2 , Yong YE3 , Linkang YU3, Zixiong GUO3
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Civil Engineering & Architecture, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
  • 2.Xiamen Key Laboratory of Transportation Infrastructure Health and Safety, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen 361024, China
  • 3.College of Civil Engineering, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0308
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对12根衬塑钢管海水海砂混凝土(seawater sea-sand concrete filled plastic-lined steel tube,SSC-PLST)试件进行了受弯加载试验和有限元建模分析,研究该类构件的受弯性能及内衬塑料层对组合构件承载变形能力的影响规律。研究结果表明:SSC-PLST受弯构件的破坏形态具体表现为受压区钢管外凸屈曲、对应位置混凝土被压碎,受拉区钢管屈服、核心混凝土弯曲裂缝细而密,与普通钢管混凝土类似;试件的弯矩-挠度曲线呈三阶段特征,表现出良好的承载与变形性能。SSC-PLST构件不同部分之间的接触应力较小,且分布不均匀。内衬塑料对SSC-PLST构件受弯承载力的影响程度主要与塑料层厚度有关,受钢材强度和混凝土强度的影响较小。最终提出了SSC-PLST受弯构件承载力的简化计算公式,可为该结构构件的工程应用提供参考。

海水海砂混凝土  /  衬塑钢管  /  受弯性能  /  有限元分析

A total of 12 seawater sea-sand concrete filled plastic-lined steel tube (SSC-PLST) specimens were tested by flexural loading and finite element modeling. The bending properties of the composite members and the influence of the plastic lining layer on the bending capacity of the composite members were studied. The effect of plastic lining on the load-carrying capacity of SSC-PLST members was investigated. The results show that, the failure pattern of SSC-PLST specimens is similar to that of conventional concrete filled steel tube (CFST) members, namely, the tension zone of steel tube yields and the concrete produces fine and dense flexural cracks, and the compression zone of steel tube buckles and the concrete at the corresponding position is crushed. The bending moment-deflection curve of SSC-PLST members is characterized by three stages, showing good load-carrying and deformation capacities. The contact stress between different components of SSC-PLST member is relatively small and unevenly distributed. The influence of plastic lining on the flexural capacity of SSC-PLST member is mainly related to the thickness of plastic layer, but is less affected by the strength of steel or concrete. Finally, a simplified calculation formula of load-carrying capacity for SSC-PLST flexural members is proposed, which can provide reference for the engineering application of this structural member.

seawater sea-sand concrete  /  plastic-lined steel tube  /  flexural behavior  /  finite element analysis
吴毅彬, 叶勇, 余林康, 郭子雄. 衬塑钢管海水海砂混凝土组合构件受弯性能研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (3) : 84 -95 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0308
Yibin WU, Yong YE, Linkang YU, Zixiong GUO. Study on flexural behavior of seawater sea-sand concrete filled plastic-lined steel tube composite members[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (3) : 84 -95 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0308
混凝土是目前用途最广、用量最大的土木工程材料之一。在建筑行业高速发展的几十年中,我国及众多发展中国家的混凝土消耗量呈现出显著增长趋势。中国混凝土与水泥制品协会发布的“2020年中国混凝土与水泥制品行业经济运行回顾和展望”指出,2020年我国仅规模以上混凝土企业的商品混凝土累计产量约为28亿m3。大规模的混凝土生产消耗大量水泥、砂石和淡水,造成河砂资源日益紧缺、市场价格不断攀升。
我国海水、海砂资源丰富。将海水、海砂全部或部分取代淡水、河砂用于拌制混凝土,从而形成海水海砂混凝土(seawater sea-sand concrete,SSC)是缓解河砂资源紧缺、合理利用海洋资源的潜在方式之一[1]。但值得注意的是,直接使用含有大量氯离子的海水和海砂制备的混凝土会对结构中的钢材产生腐蚀作用。这种腐蚀现象会显著降低结构的安全性和耐久性。为防止氯离子腐蚀,在应用海水、海砂前须进行严格的除氯盐处理,达到国家标准后方可使用。对海水、海砂进行淡化处理不仅耗时费力,也将造成海水海砂混凝土的成本大幅提高。为确保原状海水海砂混凝土在工程结构中应用的安全性和耐久性,采取有效措施来预防氯离子腐蚀对结构构件非常关键。
不锈钢具有优越的耐腐蚀性和力学性能,尤其适合用于腐蚀环境中的承重结构。不锈钢管海水海砂混凝土构件是将海水海砂混凝土填入不锈钢管中,通过发挥不锈钢管对氯离子的耐腐蚀性和对海水海砂混凝土的约束作用,从而提高海水海砂混凝土力学性能。目前,不锈钢管海水海砂混凝土的相关研究日益增多[2]
LIAO等[3]对圆形和方形不锈钢管海水海砂混凝土的轴压性能进行了试验研究,研究结果发现不锈钢管对核心混凝土的约束效果与混凝土类型无关。张伟杰等[4]研究发现,方形不锈钢管海水海砂混凝土短柱的轴压破坏形态和荷载-变形曲线与普通不锈钢管混凝土短柱的差别不大。LI等[5]在不锈钢管海砂混凝土的基础上进一步应用海水,并将不锈钢管海水海砂混凝土短柱作为研究重点,进行轴压力学性能和设计方法研究。LI等[6]提出了中空夹层不锈钢管海水海砂混凝土结构构件,在现有轴压承载力计算方法的基础上,通过试验研究和理论拟合分析提出了适用于中空夹层不锈钢海水海砂混凝土构件的轴压承载力计算方法。上述研究结果表明,不锈钢管海水海砂混凝土构件具有与不锈钢管淡水河砂混凝土构件相近的力学性能。
纤维增强塑料(fiber-reinforced polymer,FRP)的性能与不锈钢材料相近,均展现出了卓越的力学强度和耐腐蚀特性。当FRP与海水海砂混凝土结合使用时,它能够显著防止氯离子对结构的腐蚀。目前,关于FRP与海水海砂混凝土相结合的研究主要集中在FRP筋增强海水海砂混凝土构件以及FRP管包裹海水海砂混凝土构件的力学性能上。
FRP筋增强海水海砂混凝土方面,DONG等[7]、ZHOU等[8]、HUA等[9]、LI等[10]分别通过试验发现,FRP筋增强海水海砂混凝土梁结构的承载能力良好,能够有效替代传统结构,且具有更好的抗疲劳性和耐久性;WANG等[11]、YANG等[12]将FRP约束海水海砂混凝土柱作为研究重点,开展了此类结构的轴压性能研究;在抗震性能方面,ZHANG等[13]开展了FRP筋海水海砂混凝土剪力墙构件的相关研究。FRP管海水海砂混凝土方面,ZENG等[14]、LI等[15]、BAZLI等[16]分别通过试验对FRP管内填海水海砂混凝土构件的轴压性能、弯曲性能和海洋环境下的耐久性能进行了深入研究。上述研究结果表明,结合FRP与海水海砂混凝土2种材料形成的组合构件力学性能良好,具有一定的工程应用前景。
然而,在当前工程建设中,与碳素钢相比,不锈钢和FRP材料的价格高昂,且FRP-海水海砂混凝土构件间的连接仍存在困难,这些不足抑制了不锈钢和FRP材料及其结构构件在实际工程中的广泛应用。因此,有必要开发更多新型结构构件形式,以实现对海水海砂混凝土的安全合理利用。
本文结合海水海砂混凝土和目前已在建筑给水行业中常用的衬塑钢管,提出了衬塑钢管海水海砂混凝土(seawater sea-sand concrete filled plastic-lined steel tubes,SSC-PLST)构件。将海水海砂混凝土填入衬塑钢管中,充分发挥衬塑层对氯离子的隔绝作用和钢管混凝土结构形式的组合受力作用。为探索该新型组合构件的力学性能,进行了SSC-PLST构件的受弯性能加载试验和数值分析,主要研究目的包括:①获得SSC-PLST受弯构件的破坏形态和承载力等性能;②研究不同参数对SSC-PLST构件受力性能的影响规律;③提出SSC-PLST构件的受弯承载力简化计算方法。
进行了12根试件的弯曲加载试验,包括4根SSC-PLST试件(横截面如图1所示)、4根碳素钢管海水海砂混凝土(CFST)试件以及2根空衬塑钢管试件、2根空碳素钢管试件。所采用的碳素钢管为镀锌无缝钢管,衬塑钢管以镀锌无缝钢管为基管,衬入等径的聚乙烯(PE)管材。所有试件钢管的长度L均为1550 mm,外径D为165 mm,碳素钢管壁厚ts为4.25 mm,内衬塑料层厚度tp为2.5 mm。本试验共设置C40和C60这2种混凝土强度作为主要研究参数,试件相关参数如表1所示,试件编号中的PL表示SSC-PLST试件,CT表示CFST试件,h表示空钢管,数字表示混凝土强度等级。每种参数下设置2个相同试件。
所有试件均在钢管两端焊接端板。对于SSC-PLST试件和CFST试件,在一侧端板上预留直径为100 mm的混凝土浇筑孔。按设计的配合比拌制海水海砂混凝土,将混凝土通过浇筑孔倒入管中并采用振捣棒逐层充分振捣密实。混凝土浇筑完成后,在浇筑孔处对混凝土进行浇水养护,待达到设计强度后将浇筑孔的混凝土表面打磨平整。
为获得试验所用钢管的材料力学性能,从同批次衬塑钢管和碳素钢管上各切割出6个材性试件进行测试。按照GB/T 228.1—2021《金属材料拉伸试验第1部分:室温试验方法》[17]规定的方法进行单轴拉伸试验,得到的钢材材性如表2所示。
从同批次衬塑钢管上切割出6个塑料材性试件进行测试,以获得内衬塑料的材料力学性能。按照GB/T 1040.2—2022《塑料拉伸性能的测定第2部分:模塑和挤塑塑料的试验条件》[18]规定的方法进行单轴拉伸试验,得到所使用塑料的屈服应力σy为12.1 MPa,弹性模量E为206 MPa。
试验所用海水海砂配合比如表3所示。材料中,海砂(中砂)采自福建厦门海域,粒径为0.25~0.50 mm,模度系数为2.6,海水为人工配置而成,配比为氯化钠(NaCl)∶氯化镁(MgCl2)∶硫酸镁(MgSO4)∶硫酸钙(CaSO4)∶硫酸钾(K2SO4)= 28.4∶8.4∶3.5∶1.3∶0.8 (g/L)。C40和C60混凝土的实测抗压强度分别为40.1 MPa和62.1 MPa。本文仅针对衬塑钢管海水海砂混凝土受弯构件的短期性能进行研究,忽略海水海砂中氯离子对CFST试件中钢材的腐蚀作用。
采用四点弯曲模式对试件进行加载,试验装置如图2所示。加载前,采用钢板将一侧端板的混凝土浇筑孔密封,以模拟实际钢管混凝土受弯构件的边界条件,防止受力过程中试件端部的钢管与内填混凝土发生相对滑移从而影响试验结果。试件两端分别通过固定铰支座和滑动铰支座放置于试验台架上,荷载由竖向千斤顶通过刚度较大的分配梁平均分配到2个加载点上。加载点至相邻支座中心的距离a均为495 mm,故试件的剪跨比λ为3.0。
采用力-位移混合控制模式进行加载。力控制阶段,荷载分阶段施加,每阶段施加量为有限元分析得到的预估承载力的1/10;直到试件钢管受拉区达到屈服后,进入位移控制阶段,加载速率为千斤顶加载头位移3 mm/min。当试件跨中挠度μm达到75 mm左右时,终止加载并缓慢卸去荷载。
试验的量测内容和测点布置如图2所示。在纯弯段(跨中和2个加载点)设置3个竖向位移计如图2(b)所示,以量测试件的挠度变形;在两侧支座中心各设置1个竖向位移计如图2(b)所示,以量测试件两端的沉降变形;在跨中沿截面高度布置纵向应变计如图2(a)所示,以量测钢管不同位置的应变发展;竖向荷载由千斤顶内置的力传感器进行量测。所有位移计、应变计和力传感器均连接至同一数据采集系统,试验过程中采用1 Hz的采样频率对所有数据进行同步采集。
所有试件的整体破坏形态由图3给出。由图3可知,所有试件的破坏形态均为弯曲变形,具体变现为受拉区钢材达到屈服应变,受压区钢管外凸。
为观测内填海水海砂混凝土的破坏形态,加载结束后采用切割机将SSC-PLST试件和CFST试件的钢管局部切除,并对混凝土的裂缝宽度和间距进行量测,如图4所示。
图4可知,受压区钢管局部屈曲处的混凝土被压溃,混凝土均产生了细而密的众多弯曲裂缝,测得的裂缝宽度最大值均未超过3.0 mm。与CFST试件相比,SSC-PLST试件中塑料层与核心混凝土之间的摩擦系数较小,所以SSC-PLST试件呈现出核心混凝土裂缝数量较少、裂缝间距较大的现象。此外,未见内衬塑料层与钢管发生剥离。
图5(a)~(f)为加载过程中试件纯弯段弯矩M与跨中挠度μm的关系曲线,图中部分曲线为有限元计算结果,将在后文叙述。内填不同混凝土强度的CFST试件M-μm关系曲线见图5(a)和(b)所示,SSC-PLST试件M-μm关系曲线如图5(d)和(e)所示,两者的M-μm曲线形状相似,均呈3个阶段持续上升的发展趋势,描述如下:
1)弹性阶段。此时试件跨中受拉区边缘钢材应力小于屈服应力的70%(μm≈5 mm),随着挠度的增大,弯矩近似呈线性增长趋势。
2)弹塑性阶段。此时跨中受拉区边缘钢材应力处于屈服应力的70%~100% (对应的μm为5~10 mm),随着挠度的增大,弯矩的增速减缓。
3)强化阶段。此时跨中受拉区边缘钢材进入应变强化阶段(对应的μm超过10 mm),随着挠度的不断增大,弯矩缓慢增长。此阶段弯矩的增速远小于弹性阶段。
对于相应的空钢管(PL-h和CT-h)试件,由于缺少内填混凝土的支撑,跨中受压区边缘钢材较早发生屈曲,导致试件所能承受的荷载较小,且屈曲发生后(μm≈35 mm),钢管的承载力随变形的发展逐渐降低,如图5(c)和(f)所示。
对比图5(d)~(f)可知,内填海水海砂混凝土可有效提高衬塑钢管的受弯承载力和变形能力,而由图5(d)、(e)和图5(a)、(b)的对比可知,内衬塑料层对SSC-PLST试件的M-μm曲线形状未产生明显影响。
加载过程中,试件纯弯段弯矩M随跨中受拉区边缘钢管纵向应变ε的发展情况如图6(a)~(f)所示,图中,应变以拉为正、压为负。此外,图6中的部分曲线为有限元计算结果,将在后文叙述。
CFST试件M-ε关系曲线见图6(a)和(b),SSC-PLST试件M-ε关系曲线见图6(d)和(e),当内填不同强度的海水海砂混凝土时,两者钢管的应变发展规律基本相同,且M-ε曲线形状与弯矩(M)-跨中挠度(μm)曲线相似,呈现3个阶段发展特征。当钢管应变达到屈服应变εy后,荷载增速减缓,M-ε曲线出现转折;在后续的荷载增加过程中,由于内填混凝土为钢管提供了稳固的支撑,从而显著减少了钢管发生严重局部屈曲的风险,使得荷载仍有较小的增长幅度。这种支撑作用使得钢材的应变强化性能得以充分展现和有效利用。
对于空钢管试件,CT-h试件和PL-h试件的M-ε关系曲线分别见图6(c)和(f),两者的M-ε曲线形式相似,呈现两阶段发展特征。在所测量的应变数值范围内,钢管达到屈服后荷载几乎不再增加。
由上述M-ε曲线的对比可知,内填海水海砂混凝土可有效与衬塑钢管共同工作,提高了钢管钢材的材料利用率,从而使得整体构件表现出良好的组合作用。
图7给出的是各试件跨中位置钢管纵向应变沿截面高度分布关系曲线,其中h定义为各测点到截面受压区边缘的垂直长度,ε为测点的纵向应变。
图7可知,SSC-PLST和CFST试件的钢管应变分布及其发展趋势呈现出高度的相似性,2种组合构件在变形时,其表现基本符合平截面假定。在加载的初始阶段,试件的中性轴与其截面形心轴几乎完全重合。然而,随着荷载的逐渐增加,受拉区的混凝土因达到其极限拉应变而开始开裂,这时中性轴会逐渐向受压区移动。其中,SSC-PLST和CFST试件的中性轴偏移量分别约为26 mm和31 mm;当试件接近其极限弯矩承载能力(Mu)时,受拉区边缘的钢管应变会迅速且显著地增加,同时,与之相对应的钢管挠曲变形也会明显增大。
SSC-PLST和CFST试件中性轴偏移量不同的原因是,塑料与核心混凝土的界面黏结强度低于碳素钢管与核心混凝土接触界面的黏结强度,受力过程中内衬塑料与核心混凝土发生局部滑移,导致中性轴进一步向受压区偏移。
图8图9给出的是海水海砂混凝土强度对试件弯矩M-跨中挠度μm和试件极限弯矩Mu的影响情况。
图8图9可知,SSC-PLST试件与CFST试件内的海水海砂混凝土与钢管之间均产生了良好的相互作用,有效提高构件的受弯承载力,且随着混凝土强度的提高,构件的承载力随之增大。相对于同类型的空钢管,海水海砂混凝土强度为C40和C60的CFST试件,极限弯矩分别提升了16.9%和34.7%;海水海砂混凝土强度为C40和C60的SSC-PLST试件,极限弯矩分别提升了13.4%和22.4%。
采用ABAQUS程序建立了SSC-PLST受弯构件的有限元分析模型,进一步重点探索受力过程中钢管-内衬塑料层-核心混凝土之间的相互作用,揭示了SSC-PLST受弯构件与CFST构件性能差异的本质。之后,利用数值模型开展了参数分析,明确主要影响参数对SSC-PLST构件受弯承载力的影响规律,最终提出承载力的简化计算方法。
有限元模型各部件的构造和几何尺寸与试件一致。混凝土采用ABAQUS程序的八节点减缩积分三维实体单元(C3D8R)模拟,衬塑钢管的2层材料分开模拟,碳素钢管和内衬塑料均采用四节点减缩积分三维壳单元(S4R)模拟。为兼顾计算精度和成本,对建立的有限元模型进行了网格敏感性分析,最终确定模型的网格尺寸约为20 mm。
有限元模型中,钢管与内衬塑料之间以及端板与钢管之间均采用“绑定”方式连接;内衬塑料与核心混凝土之间采用有限滑移面-面接触模型进行模拟,其中,接触界面的法向采用“硬接触”方式,切向采用库伦摩擦模型,界面摩擦系数取0.2。为提高模型计算的收敛性,全程采用位移控制对模型进行加载。分析时,打开了ABAQUS程序的几何非线性功能。
有限元模型各部件的材性同于试件。采用等向强化塑性模型模拟钢材的弹塑性性能,碳素钢的应力-应变关系采用韩林海[19]提出的五阶段模型进行模拟。塑料的应力-应变关系则采用双线段的理想弹塑性模型模拟,不考虑材料的应变强化。
海水海砂混凝土采用ABAQUS程序的混凝土塑性损伤模型进行模拟。混凝土的受拉行为采用基于断裂能(GFI)的方法[19]模拟,以提高有限元模型计算的收敛性。由于海水海砂混凝土的短期力学性能与同强度普通混凝土的相近[20],故采用韩林海[19]提出的约束混凝土本构模型以模拟海水海砂混凝土的受压应力-应变关系。模型中,约束效应系数ξ的计算公式为
式中:fy为钢材屈服强度;As为钢管横截面面积(不包括内衬塑料);fck为混凝土轴心受压强度标准值;Ac为核心混凝土横截面面积。
目前尚未见衬塑钢管约束下混凝土本构关系的相关研究,本文采用的混凝土受压应力-应变关系与真实应力状态可能有所偏差。钢管混凝土受弯构件中,核心混凝土的主要作用是支撑外钢管,避免或延缓钢管发生局部屈曲;混凝土直接参与受力的作用相对较小,故混凝土受压本构关系对钢管混凝土构件受弯性能的影响不显著。
有限元模型的典型变形形态(以试件PL40为例)及与试验结果的对比如图10所示。可见,有限元模型的计算结果与试验结果总体吻合良好,均呈现明显的整体弯曲变形,且受压区钢管出现局部屈曲现象。
有限元模型计算得到的弯矩M-跨中挠度μm曲线和弯矩M-应变ε曲线与试验结果的对比分别如图5图6所示。可见,对于SSC-PLST试件和CSFT试件,模拟曲线与试验曲线吻合良好,表明有限元模型可较准确地预测试件的承载和变形行为。因此,建立的有限元模型具有较好的可靠性,可用于下文的进一步研究和系统参数分析。
钢管-混凝土界面接触应力的大小和分布是影响钢管混凝土组合作用和力学性能的重要因素。通过有限元模型,获得试件达到受弯承载力Mu时不同部件接触界面的应力分布情况,如图11所示。对于CFST构件(CT40),钢管与混凝土的接触应力在整个截面分布均匀,大小为4.85~5.60 MPa;对于SSC-PLST构件(PL40),接触应力数值较小,最大值为0.51 MPa,且截面两端接触应力较大、越靠近中性轴接触应力逐渐减小至零。由此可见,由于内衬塑料层的削弱,衬塑钢管的钢管部分对内填混凝土的约束效果低于普通钢管。
造成上述现象的原因在于,普通钢管混凝土构件的钢管直接与核心混凝土接触,而衬塑钢管混凝土的钢管与核心混凝土则通过塑料层间接接触。当受压混凝土发生侧向膨胀后,衬塑钢管对混凝土的约束作用由内衬塑料传递至外层钢管,而塑料的强度和弹性模量均远小于碳素钢,造成了钢管约束效果的削弱。
为进一步明晰不同参数对SSC-PLST构件受弯性能的影响规律,利用上述有限元模型开展参数分析,所考虑的参数包括钢材强度fy、混凝土强度fcu和塑料层厚度tp。由于常用的内衬塑料强度远小于碳素钢强度,故未对塑料强度的影响进行分析。
有限元模型的基本参数:钢管长度L为1550 mm,外径D为165 mm,碳素钢管壁厚ts为4.25 mm,塑料层厚度tp为2.5 mm,混凝土强度fcu为60 MPa。选取fy为235、345、390、420、490 MPa这5种钢材屈服强度进行分析。
计算得到的弯矩M-跨中挠度μm曲线如图12所示。弹性阶段时,不同模型试件的初始刚度基本一致;进入塑性阶段后,随着钢材强度的增大,试件的承载力随之提高。试件极限弯矩Mu与钢材屈服强度fy的关系如图13所示。可见,Mufy的增大几乎呈线性增长趋势。这主要是由于钢管性能对整体构件的受弯承载力起主导作用。
为探索不同钢材强度下内衬塑料对钢管混凝土构件受弯承载力的影响规律,开展了相应的计算分析。图14给出了极限弯矩折减系数(Mu/Mu0)与钢材屈服强度(fy)的关系,其中,Mu0为其它条件相同时未设置内衬塑料层试件的极限弯矩。可见,fyMu/Mu0的影响不显著,随着fy的增大,Mu/Mu0维持在0.933左右。
有限元模型的基本参数:钢材屈服强度fy为390 MPa,其余同前。选取fcu为30、40、50、60、70、80 MPa这6种混凝土抗压强度进行分析。
图15为计算得到的弯矩M-跨中挠度μm曲线对比。弹性阶段时,不同模型试件的初始刚度差别不大;塑性阶段时,随着混凝土强度的增大,模型试件的承载力随之提高。
图16给出了试件极限弯矩Mu与混凝土强度fcu的关系。可见,Mufcu的增大几乎呈线性增长趋势,但增长幅度有限。当fcu由30 MPa增大至80 MPa时,Mu提高了6.9%。
图17给出了极限弯矩折减系数(Mu/Mu0)与混凝土强度fcu的关系。可见,fcuMu/Mu0的影响不显著,随着fy的增大,Mu/Mu0维持在0.928左右。
有限元模型的基本参数:钢管长度L为1550 mm,外径D为165 mm,碳素钢管壁厚ts为4.25 mm,钢材屈服强度fy为390 MPa,混凝土强度fcu为60 MPa。选取tp = 0.5 ~ 5.0 mm (tp/D = 0.003~0.030)这10种塑料层厚度进行分析。
图18给出了极限弯矩折减系数(Mu/Mu0)与塑料层厚度比(tp/D)的关系。可见,内衬塑料层削弱了钢管混凝土的受弯承载力,且在本文参数研究范围(tp/D = 0 ~ 0.030)内,Mu/Mu0tp/D的增大呈下降趋势。当tp/D由0增大至0.003 (tp = 0.5 mm)时,模型试件的极限弯矩降低6.8%,即Mu/Mu0 = 0.932;之后,随着tp/D的增大,Mu/Mu0呈缓慢减小的趋势,当tp/D由0增大至0.030 (tp = 5.0 mm)时,模型试件的极限弯矩降低8.5%,即Mu/Mu0 = 0.915。
由上述参数分析的结果可知,钢材强度fy、混凝土强度fcu和塑料层厚度tp均会影响SSC-PLST构件的受弯承载力。其中,钢材强度和混凝土强度的影响不显著,内衬塑料层的厚度为主要的影响参数。基于图18所示塑料层厚度比(tp/D)对极限弯矩折减系数(Mu/Mu0)的影响规律,即在参数研究范围(tp/D = 0.003 ~ 0.030)内,Mu/Mu0tp/D的增大近似呈线性下降趋势。因此,提出SSC-PLST构件的受弯承载力计算公式为
式中:Mu为SSC-PLST构件的受弯承载力;Mu0为其他条件相同时未设置内衬塑料层构件的受弯承载力;β为承载力折减系数,计算公式为
式中,tp/D的取值范围为0.003~0.030。
实际应用时,内衬塑料层的厚度不可过小,防止混凝土浇筑时的砂石冲刷造成塑料层破裂,从而影响氯离子隔绝效果。
本文完成了衬塑钢管海水海砂混凝土(SSC-PLST)构件的受弯性能试验研究和有限元分析。在所研究的参数范围内(fy为235~490 MPa、fcu为30~80 MPa、tp/D为0.003~0.030),得到以下主要结论:
1)SSC-PLST受弯构件的变形和破坏形态与CFST构件相似,其表现:①受拉区钢管钢材超过屈服应变、混凝土出现细而密的众多弯曲裂缝,且SSC-PLST试件混凝土的裂缝数量略少于CFST试件;②受压区钢管发生外凸屈曲,对应位置的混凝土被压碎。未见内衬塑料层与钢管发生剥离。
2)受力过程中,SSC-PLST构件的截面变形基本符合平截面假定,其弯矩M-跨中挠度μm关系曲线、弯矩M-跨中应变ε关系曲线均呈现3个阶段发展趋势,表现出良好的承载与变形性能。
3)建立的有限元分析模型可较准确地模拟SSC-PLST受弯构件的力学行为,通过有限元分析发现,SSC-PLST构件中衬塑钢管-混凝土的接触应力较小,且截面两端接触应力大、越靠近中性轴接触应力逐渐减小至零。
4)钢材强度、混凝土强度和塑料层厚度均会影响SSC-PLST构件的受弯承载力,且内衬塑料对钢管混凝土构件受弯承载力的影响主要与塑料层厚度有关,受钢材强度和混凝土强度的影响较小。
5)提出了SSC-PLST受弯构件承载力的简化计算公式,该公式在传统钢管混凝土受弯构件承载力的基础上乘以与内衬塑料层厚度相关的折减系数,可为SSC-PLST结构构件的工程应用提供参考。
本文重点考察内衬塑料层对钢管混凝土受弯构件短期力学性能的影响,并提出相应的承载力计算方法,关于内填海水海砂混凝土与同强度普通混凝土对组合构件受力性能的影响将在今后进一步开展。此外,当衬塑钢管海水海砂混凝土结构构件在实际工程中应用时,钢管外层仍需按照传统钢管混凝土的要求采取相应的防腐措施。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(52278182)
  • 福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01286)
  • 福建省科技厅引导性(重点)项目(2023Y0077)
  • 厦门市科技计划项目(2023CXY0401)
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0308
  • 接收时间:2023-02-14
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-02-14
  • 修回日期:2023-03-05
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(52278182)
福建省自然科学基金项目(2021J01286)
福建省科技厅引导性(重点)项目(2023Y0077)
厦门市科技计划项目(2023CXY0401)
作者信息
    1.厦门理工学院 土木工程与建筑学院,福建 厦门 361024
    2.厦门理工学院 厦门市交通基础设施健康与安全重点实验室,福建 厦门 361024
    3.华侨大学 土木工程学院,福建 厦门 361021

通讯作者:

叶勇(1985—),男,教授,博士,主要从事钢-混凝土组合结构研究。E-mail:
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https://castjournals.cast.org.cn/joweb/dzgcygczd/CN/10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0308
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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