Article(id=1245390008102794223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0303, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1679587200000, receivedDateStr=2023-03-24, revisedDate=1686153600000, revisedDateStr=2023-06-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853716159, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853716159, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853716159, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853716159, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390004252426256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='230', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853715241, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854338522, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392618545332491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392618545332492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=29, endPage=40, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390008392201208, articleId=1245390008102794223, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Ground motion parameters and fragility analysis for single-layer reticulated domes supported by substructures, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The current research on ground motion parameters and fragility analysis of large-span spatial reticulated domes mostly focuses on the superstructure, ignoring the influence of the substructures on the overall structure. In order to select the ground motion parameters suitable for evaluating the response of schwedler single-layer reticulated domes supported by substructure, six single-layer reticulated domes with different rise-span ratios and different substructures were designed. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the reticulated domes supported by substructure are analyzed. After that, incremental dynamic analyses were carried out for reticulated domes supported by substructure on multiple three-dimensional ground motion records. Based on incremental dynamic analysis data, eighteen ground motion parameters are analyzed and evaluated in terms of correlation, efficiency, and sufficiency. Based on characteristic responses at failure state of a large number of arithmetic cases, the seismic damage model of single-layer reticulated domes supported by substructure was established. The results show that the presence or absence of the substructure has a greater influence on the structural fundamental frequency, and the structural fundamental frequency decreases as the stiffness of the substructure decreases. The difference between the fundamental frequency of the structure without support column and the structure with 10-meter support column is as high as 24%. The acceleration spectrum intensity and PGA are more strongly correlated to the seismic responses of reticulated domes supported by substructure,and the efficiency and sufficiency are better than other ground motion parameters, which can be used as ground motion parameters for fragility analysis of schwedler single-layer reticulated domes supported by substructure. At the same time, when the height of substructure is the same, the seismic performance of the reticulated dome structure with small rise-span ratio is better, and the critical load due to the collapse of the structure is greater. The influence of the support height on the seismic performance of reticulated domes is not linear. Therefore, the height of the substructure should be selected reasonably when designing the structure.

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目前大跨空间球面网壳结构的地震动参数研究与易损性分析多关注于上部结构,忽视了下部支承体系对整体结构的影响。为选取适于评估带下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳响应的地震动参数,以6个不同矢跨比、不同下部结构的单层球面网壳为模型,研究下部支承体系对球面网壳动力特性的影响,选取多条三维地震动作为输入对模型进行增量动力分析,从相关性、有效性和充分性三个方面对18个地震动参数进行分析评估。并基于大量算例失效时刻的特征响应,建立了考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳的地震损伤模型。结果表明:有无下部支承对结构基频影响较大,随着下部结构高度的增加,结构基频不断减小,无支承柱结构与带10 m支承柱结构的基频相差高达24%;加速度谱强度、峰值加速度与结构地震响应的相关性、有效性及充分性均优于其它地震动参数,可作为考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳易损性分析的地震动参数。与此同时,在下部支承结构相同时,矢跨比小的网壳结构抗震性能更好,所致结构倒塌的临界荷载更大;支承高度对网壳抗震性能的影响并非呈线性关系,因此,在结构设计时应合理选取下部支承结构高度。

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徐杰(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构智能监测研究。E-mail:
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韩庆华(1971—),男,教授,博士,主要从事钢结构及大跨空间结构、地震工程与工程振动方面的研究。E-mail:

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韩庆华(1971—),男,教授,博士,主要从事钢结构及大跨空间结构、地震工程与工程振动方面的研究。E-mail:

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韩庆华(1971—),男,教授,博士,主要从事钢结构及大跨空间结构、地震工程与工程振动方面的研究。E-mail:

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Correlation analysis of ground motion parameters and structural response parameters considering the site condition and fault distance[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2020, 40(2): 13-22. (in Chinese), articleTitle=Correlation analysis of ground motion parameters and structural response parameters considering the site condition and fault distance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1245390025324606276, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2003, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[24], rfOrder=40, authorNames=FEMA, journalName=HAZUS99 technical manual, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FEMA. HAZUS99 technical manual[M]. 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Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2009. 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substructures, figureFileSmall=AWrfI+cjJWpCam9OoiaW8g==, figureFileBig=b+qSO/caVuFsPu1GmjSIuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390017208627656, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳一阶振型图, figureFileSmall=AWrfI+cjJWpCam9OoiaW8g==, figureFileBig=b+qSO/caVuFsPu1GmjSIuw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390017355428304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Pearson correlation coefficient of single-layer reticulated domes supported by substructures, figureFileSmall=EwufA+eqVUzHDfjWl/gdLA==, figureFileBig=yAK5ToPzIM3YO3XvDXrDrA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390017451897305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=CN, label=图3, caption=考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳Pearson相关系数, figureFileSmall=EwufA+eqVUzHDfjWl/gdLA==, 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figureFileSmall=yxEhDKpg9ndP0o1/VcCI6g==, figureFileBig=1vIVbprwrcJLJKqNgi0ZsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018601136667, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Fragility curves of different single-layer reticulated domes supported by substructures, figureFileSmall=v3t8RdodKzAK2nnGfV69Vw==, figureFileBig=PIGgmSs4P7M09WjPJ7oqKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018697605664, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳易损性曲线, figureFileSmall=v3t8RdodKzAK2nnGfV69Vw==, figureFileBig=PIGgmSs4P7M09WjPJ7oqKw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018802463272, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Parameters of single-layer reticulated domes supported by substructures

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类型跨度/m矢高/m矢跨比支承柱高度/m
D4032464013.31/36
D4032484013.31/38
D40324104013.31/310
D405246408.01/56
D405248408.01/58
D4052410408.01/510
), ArticleFig(id=1245390018886349357, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型跨度/m矢高/m矢跨比支承柱高度/m
D4032464013.31/36
D4032484013.31/38
D40324104013.31/310
D405246408.01/56
D405248408.01/58
D4052410408.01/510
), ArticleFig(id=1245390018999595573, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Sectional dimensions of structural members

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
杆件类型截面尺寸/mm
肋杆120×4.5
环杆120×4.5
斜杆130×5.0
最外环斜杆140×4.0
最外环环杆260×10.0
立柱、斜撑260×10.0
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019108647485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

结构杆件截面尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
杆件类型截面尺寸/mm
肋杆120×4.5
环杆120×4.5
斜杆130×5.0
最外环斜杆140×4.0
最外环环杆260×10.0
立柱、斜撑260×10.0
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019226088003, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Rayleigh damping factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型Alpha阻尼Beta阻尼
D4032460.47230.0008
D4032480.43820.0009
D40324100.39430.0010
D4052460.48780.0008
D4052480.47400.0008
D40524100.44280.0009
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019305779783, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

Rayleigh阻尼系数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
类型Alpha阻尼Beta阻尼
D4032460.47230.0008
D4032480.43820.0009
D40324100.39430.0010
D4052460.48780.0008
D4052480.47400.0008
D40524100.44280.0009
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019406443085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Natural frequency of D4032410

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数频率/Hz阶数频率/Hz
一阶3.1374六阶4.9614
二阶3.1374七阶4.9668
三阶4.8453八阶4.9668
四阶4.8805九阶5.0580
五阶4.8805十阶5.0580
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019490329168, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

D4032410自振频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
阶数频率/Hz阶数频率/Hz
一阶3.1374六阶4.9614
二阶3.1374七阶4.9668
三阶4.8453八阶4.9668
四阶4.8805九阶5.0580
五阶4.8805十阶5.0580
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019561632339, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Natural frequency of single-layer reticulated domes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支承柱高度/m基频/Hz
04.1292
63.7583
83.4867
103.1374
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019641324120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

单层球面网壳结构自振频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支承柱高度/m基频/Hz
04.1292
63.7583
83.4867
103.1374
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019733598813, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Earthquake wave records used in the study

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号矩震级地震事件名称台站名称序号矩震级地震事件名称台站名称
16.53Imperial Valley-06EI Centro Array#697.51KocaeliDuzce
26.53Imperial Valley-06EI Centro Array#7107.51KocaeliIzmit
36.93Loma PrietaCorralitos117.62Chi-ChiTCU102
46.93Loma PrietaSaratoga-Aloha Ave127.14DuzceDuzce
56.69ErzicanErzincan137.37ManjilAbbar
67.01Cape MendocinoPetrolia147.13Hector MineHector
77.28LandersLucerne157.90DenaliTAPS Pump Station #10
86.69Northridge-01Sylmar-Olive View Med FF
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019846845027, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

地震波记录

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号矩震级地震事件名称台站名称序号矩震级地震事件名称台站名称
16.53Imperial Valley-06EI Centro Array#697.51KocaeliDuzce
26.53Imperial Valley-06EI Centro Array#7107.51KocaeliIzmit
36.93Loma PrietaCorralitos117.62Chi-ChiTCU102
46.93Loma PrietaSaratoga-Aloha Ave127.14DuzceDuzce
56.69ErzicanErzincan137.37ManjilAbbar
67.01Cape MendocinoPetrolia147.13Hector MineHector
77.28LandersLucerne157.90DenaliTAPS Pump Station #10
86.69Northridge-01Sylmar-Olive View Med FF
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019976868460, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Ground motion parameters

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
地震动参数IM名称单位地震动参数IM名称单位
PGA峰值加速度gSED特征能量密度cm2/s
PGV峰值速度cm/sCAV累计绝对速度cm/s
PGD峰值位移cmASI加速度谱强度g•s
PGV/PGA峰值速度/峰值加速度sVSI速度谱强度cm
Arms加速度均方根gHIHousner强度cm
Vrms速度均方根cm/sEDA有效设计加速度g
Drms位移均方根cmA95A95参数g
IaArias强度m/sTp卓越周期s
Ic特征强度cm1.5 s-2.5Tm平均周期s
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地震动参数

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地震动参数IM名称单位地震动参数IM名称单位
PGA峰值加速度gSED特征能量密度cm2/s
PGV峰值速度cm/sCAV累计绝对速度cm/s
PGD峰值位移cmASI加速度谱强度g•s
PGV/PGA峰值速度/峰值加速度sVSI速度谱强度cm
Arms加速度均方根gHIHousner强度cm
Vrms速度均方根cm/sEDA有效设计加速度g
Drms位移均方根cmA95A95参数g
IaArias强度m/sTp卓越周期s
Ic特征强度cm1.5 s-2.5Tm平均周期s
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Corresponding relation between the performance level classification of reticulated domes supported by substructure and the damage index

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破坏等级现象描述判别界限震后措施损伤因子
基本完好结构构件处于弹性状态,主体结构完好,位移不大,基本不会造成附属设备的破坏上部网壳结构、下部支承结构杆件进入1P塑性之前灾后不需要修复0
轻微破坏少量杆件进入塑性状态,位移不大,结构轻微损伤,但能维持原有刚度上部网壳结构部分杆件进入1P塑性状态,少数杆件3P失效,下部支承结构杆件未进入塑性状态不需修理或轻微维护后可继续使用(0,0.3]
中等破坏结构位移不断地增大,主体部分产生一定损伤,一定数量杆件进入塑性状态,但能基本保持原有刚度上部网壳结构部分杆件5P失效,少数杆件进入8P塑性状态,个别下部支承结构杆件出现1P塑性需要一般维修,保证结构安全前提下可适当使用(0.3,0.7]
严重破坏有较多杆件进入塑性状态,结构产生严重损伤,杆件塑性发展严重,位移很大,造成附属设备破坏上部网壳大部分杆件全截面屈服,下部支承结构杆件塑性逐渐加深,个别支承结构杆件全截面屈服,刚度显著下降严重影响建筑使用功能,进行大修加固,局部拆除,灾后修复费用很高(0.7,1.0)
倒塌整体倒塌结构大部分杆件呈失效状态拆除重建1.0
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020379521662, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390008102794223, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

考虑下部结构的球面网壳性能等级水准划分与损伤因子对应关系

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
破坏等级现象描述判别界限震后措施损伤因子
基本完好结构构件处于弹性状态,主体结构完好,位移不大,基本不会造成附属设备的破坏上部网壳结构、下部支承结构杆件进入1P塑性之前灾后不需要修复0
轻微破坏少量杆件进入塑性状态,位移不大,结构轻微损伤,但能维持原有刚度上部网壳结构部分杆件进入1P塑性状态,少数杆件3P失效,下部支承结构杆件未进入塑性状态不需修理或轻微维护后可继续使用(0,0.3]
中等破坏结构位移不断地增大,主体部分产生一定损伤,一定数量杆件进入塑性状态,但能基本保持原有刚度上部网壳结构部分杆件5P失效,少数杆件进入8P塑性状态,个别下部支承结构杆件出现1P塑性需要一般维修,保证结构安全前提下可适当使用(0.3,0.7]
严重破坏有较多杆件进入塑性状态,结构产生严重损伤,杆件塑性发展严重,位移很大,造成附属设备破坏上部网壳大部分杆件全截面屈服,下部支承结构杆件塑性逐渐加深,个别支承结构杆件全截面屈服,刚度显著下降严重影响建筑使用功能,进行大修加固,局部拆除,灾后修复费用很高(0.7,1.0)
倒塌整体倒塌结构大部分杆件呈失效状态拆除重建1.0
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考虑下部结构单层球面网壳的地震动参数与易损性分析
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韩庆华 1, 2, 3 , 孙明阳 3 , 徐杰 1, 2, 3
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(3): 29-40
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(3): 29-40
考虑下部结构单层球面网壳的地震动参数与易损性分析
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韩庆华1, 2, 3 , 孙明阳3, 徐杰1, 2, 3
作者信息
  • 1.天津大学 中国地震局地震工程综合模拟与城乡抗震韧性重点实验室,天津 300350
  • 2.天津大学 滨海土木工程结构与安全教育部重点实验室,天津 300350
  • 3.天津大学 建筑工程学院,天津 300350
  • 韩庆华(1971—),男,教授,博士,主要从事钢结构及大跨空间结构、地震工程与工程振动方面的研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

徐杰(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构智能监测研究。E-mail:
Ground motion parameters and fragility analysis for single-layer reticulated domes supported by substructures
Qinghua HAN1, 2, 3 , Mingyang SUN3, Jie XU1, 2, 3
Affiliations
  • 1.Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering Simulation and Seismic Resilience of China Earthquake Administration, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
  • 2.Key Laboratory of Coast Civil Structure Safety of Ministry of Education, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
  • 3.School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0303
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目前大跨空间球面网壳结构的地震动参数研究与易损性分析多关注于上部结构,忽视了下部支承体系对整体结构的影响。为选取适于评估带下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳响应的地震动参数,以6个不同矢跨比、不同下部结构的单层球面网壳为模型,研究下部支承体系对球面网壳动力特性的影响,选取多条三维地震动作为输入对模型进行增量动力分析,从相关性、有效性和充分性三个方面对18个地震动参数进行分析评估。并基于大量算例失效时刻的特征响应,建立了考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳的地震损伤模型。结果表明:有无下部支承对结构基频影响较大,随着下部结构高度的增加,结构基频不断减小,无支承柱结构与带10 m支承柱结构的基频相差高达24%;加速度谱强度、峰值加速度与结构地震响应的相关性、有效性及充分性均优于其它地震动参数,可作为考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳易损性分析的地震动参数。与此同时,在下部支承结构相同时,矢跨比小的网壳结构抗震性能更好,所致结构倒塌的临界荷载更大;支承高度对网壳抗震性能的影响并非呈线性关系,因此,在结构设计时应合理选取下部支承结构高度。

下部结构  /  肋环斜杆型  /  球面网壳  /  地震动参数  /  损伤模型  /  易损性分析

The current research on ground motion parameters and fragility analysis of large-span spatial reticulated domes mostly focuses on the superstructure, ignoring the influence of the substructures on the overall structure. In order to select the ground motion parameters suitable for evaluating the response of schwedler single-layer reticulated domes supported by substructure, six single-layer reticulated domes with different rise-span ratios and different substructures were designed. Then, the dynamic characteristics of the reticulated domes supported by substructure are analyzed. After that, incremental dynamic analyses were carried out for reticulated domes supported by substructure on multiple three-dimensional ground motion records. Based on incremental dynamic analysis data, eighteen ground motion parameters are analyzed and evaluated in terms of correlation, efficiency, and sufficiency. Based on characteristic responses at failure state of a large number of arithmetic cases, the seismic damage model of single-layer reticulated domes supported by substructure was established. The results show that the presence or absence of the substructure has a greater influence on the structural fundamental frequency, and the structural fundamental frequency decreases as the stiffness of the substructure decreases. The difference between the fundamental frequency of the structure without support column and the structure with 10-meter support column is as high as 24%. The acceleration spectrum intensity and PGA are more strongly correlated to the seismic responses of reticulated domes supported by substructure,and the efficiency and sufficiency are better than other ground motion parameters, which can be used as ground motion parameters for fragility analysis of schwedler single-layer reticulated domes supported by substructure. At the same time, when the height of substructure is the same, the seismic performance of the reticulated dome structure with small rise-span ratio is better, and the critical load due to the collapse of the structure is greater. The influence of the support height on the seismic performance of reticulated domes is not linear. Therefore, the height of the substructure should be selected reasonably when designing the structure.

substructure  /  schwedler  /  reticulated domes  /  ground motion parameters  /  damage model  /  fragility analysis
韩庆华, 孙明阳, 徐杰. 考虑下部结构单层球面网壳的地震动参数与易损性分析. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (3) : 29 -40 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0303
Qinghua HAN, Mingyang SUN, Jie XU. Ground motion parameters and fragility analysis for single-layer reticulated domes supported by substructures[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (3) : 29 -40 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0303
近年来,全球地震灾害频发,大跨空间结构受灾严重,一些网壳或网架结构出现了不同程度的破坏甚至倒塌[1-3],造成严重的人员伤亡和极大的经济损失[4]。以往的地震灾害表明,网壳结构抗震能力往往比较好,在地震发生后具有较高的安全冗余度。因此,网壳结构在强震下的失效模式、破坏程度及所造成的人员伤亡和经济损失等问题,逐渐成为国内外学者的研究热点。
为对考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳进行易损性分析,首先要确定与地震响应相关性较好的地震动参数。目前,国内外学者针对不同类型的网壳结构提出了不同的地震动参数。KURANO MASAHIRO等[5]以双层柱面网壳为研究对象,指出地震输入能量比地震动峰值加速度PGA更为有效。范峰等[6]以K8型单层球面网壳结构为研究对象,提出地震动强度参数敏感模态频率反应谱值Safp。在此基础上,丁阳等[7]提出基于三向敏感频率的地震动强度参数加速度反应谱Sa,3 d,体现多频率地震动分量对结构响应的影响,能够较好地反映结构在地震动下的损伤程度。崔中豪[8]考虑了结构三向异性,提出了基于三向地震动的向量型强度参数[DMASIx,DMASIy,Saz],体现出结构特性三向差异和隔震结构周期延长效应,与结构响应的相关性更强,有效性更好。
当前,普通建筑结构的抗震性能和易损性评估理论已较为成熟,如何开展空间网壳结构的强震失效机理和易损性研究是目前国内外学者迫切需要解决的问题。吴国盐等[9]对上部网壳结构和下部支承结构的地震响应进行了统计分析,对近场速度脉冲型地震动对网壳-支承结构地震响应的放大效应进行了量化。KATO等[10]、NAKAZAWA等[11]以带下部支承结构的单层球面网壳为研究对象,研究了结构构件和非结构构件、上部网壳结构和下部支承体系的结构易损性。芦燕等[12]基于易损性分析得到吊顶系统在地震作用下不同损伤状态的失效概率,对单层网壳吊顶系统抗震韧性进行了评估。韩庆华等[13]选取了20条天然地震波对球面网壳结构进行增量动力分析,以PGA和结构最大位移作为结构的工程需求参数(engineering demand parameter,EDP)和损伤参数(damage measure,DM),建立了结构易损性曲线从而评估其倒塌概率。聂桂波等[14]基于损伤累积效应,对球面网壳结构在地震作用下保持的不同性能水准进行了划分。LI等[15]建立K8型单层球面凯威特网壳结构模型,分别研究输入单向和双向地震动对结构易损性的影响。于志伟等[16]基于动力荷载域的全过程分析方法,指出下部支承体系对球面网壳在强震作用下失效特征的影响不容忽视。李玲芳[17]利用OpenSees平台建立网壳-支承耦合体系模型并进行结构易损性分析,研究指出支承体系刚度极弱时,在强震下上部网壳基本不会进入塑性状态,但下部支承体系变形极大,处于严重破坏的状态,在工程设计采用上下部耦合的整体结构模型进行分析结果更加可靠。陈经纬[18]分析了上部钢结构与下部混凝土结构的协同工作效应,并以4个不同的实际工程为例,指出下部混凝土结构对上部钢结构的抗震性能有一定的削弱作用,简化下部结构会对计算结果产生较大的影响。
然而,以往对网壳结构的抗震性能研究通常将下部支承结构简化[19],对适于评估考虑下部结构的球面网壳响应的地震动参数及易损性分析鲜有研究。本文以6个不同结构参数的带下部支承结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳为研究对象,采用ANSYS建立了有限元模型,对其进行动力特性分析,并结合增量动力分析,分析评估了所选取18个地震动参数的相关性、有效性和充分性,得到了适于评估考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳响应的地震动参数。对考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型球面网壳进行了易损性分析,对其在强震下的失效规律进行了探究,并结合上部球面网壳与下部支承体系的地震特征响应,建立了考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳损伤模型,对结构的不同损伤状态进行层次划分,为此类结构在不同强度的地震作用下的损伤状态评估及抗震设计提供依据。
根据JGJ 7—2010《空间网格结构技术规程》[20],设计了6个考虑下部结构的肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳,网壳跨度均为40 m,屋盖径向肋梁24根,环向分为5等份。径向、环向肋梁及肋环梁之间的斜杆采用Q235圆钢管,下部支承钢柱沿环向设置,支承柱及斜撑数量均为24根,如图1所示。对不同类型的网壳结构进行了命名,例D403248代表跨度为40 m、矢跨比为1/3,24根8 m高支承柱的单层球面网壳。
6个模型除矢跨比、下部结构高度不同外,其余结构参数均相同,模型几何参数如表1表2所示。基于ANSYS建立考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳有限元模型,杆件选用具有拉压、弯曲和扭转特性的PIPE20单元。PIPE20单元两端截面沿圆周共有8个积分点,并在其8个环向位置输出非线性解。将杆件的屈服程度定义为1P、3P、5P、8P,其中1P代表结构杆件截面的8个积分点中至少1个积分点发生了屈服,8P代表全截面屈服。通过提取每个积分点的应力变化,得到杆件截面的塑性演变过程。考虑屋面荷载等对结构质量的增加,分布于网壳节点上的集中质量,采用质量单元Mass21。斜杆支承节点采用钢接节点,柱脚采用固定支座。杨氏模量为206 kN/mm2,泊松比为0.3,密度为7850 kg/m3,结构阻尼比为0.02,6个模型的Rayleigh阻尼系数如表3所示,采用等向强化理想弹塑性材料。
对6个不同的考虑下部结构的球面网壳进行模态分析,从而得到考虑下部结构的球面网壳的动力特性。以结构D4032410为例,其前10阶自振频率如表4所示。
表4可知,对于同一个模型,考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳的自振频率非常密集。由于结构为对称结构,有多个对称轴,所以还有数个自振周期相同。
对于不同的结构模型,文中给出了6个模型所对应的自振频率与振型图,如图2所示。由图2可知,由于网壳结构起拱后,其竖向刚度增大而水平刚度减弱,考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳以水平振型为主,第一振型一般均为水平振型。
为研究下部支承对单层球面网壳动力特性的影响,对上节建立的跨度为40 m,矢跨比为1/3的考虑下部结构的肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳去掉支承结构,模型中与下部支承柱相连的网壳边缘的支承条件采用固定约束边界条件,并对其进行模态分析如表5所示。4种模型除下部支承体系高度不同外,其余参数如杆件截面大小、本构模型、材料模型等均不变。
考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳基频相较于无支承体系的球面网壳减小,无支承体系结构的基频与带6 m下部支承柱的球面网壳结构基频相差9%,与带8 m下部支承柱的球面网壳结构基频相差15.6%,与带10 m下部支承柱的球面网壳结构基频相差高达24%,且随着下部结构高度的增加,二者的基频相差越明显,说明有无下部支承对结构基频影响较大,在对结构进行地震计算时,需考虑下部支承对结构整体的影响。
对6个不同的考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳进行增量动力分析时,根据地震波的选波要求在美国太平洋地震中心地震动数据库选择了适当的15条地震波,基本可以概括我国GB 50011—2010《建筑抗震设计规范》[21]规定的二类场地上可能发生的地震,如表6所示。
地震动参数是表征地震引起地面运动的物理参数,其幅值、持时和频率特性是反映地震动特征的主要指标。本文共选取了地震计算中常用的18个地震动参数,取自于SeismoSignal程序[22],这些参数的定义及计算公式在其中均有说明,如表7所示。
相关性分析是指对2个以上变量间的相关密切程度进行分析,通常选用适当的相关系数来评估2个或多个变量之间的相关性。常用的相关系数有Pearson相关系数、Spearman相关系数和Kendall相关系数。Spearman相关系数和Kendall相关系数是反映等级相关程度的统计分析指标[23]。由于本文研究的是参数实际数值之间的相关性表现,这里选用Pearson相关系数得到地震动参数与结构响应的相关程度。在式(1)中xy的线性回归关系式为
式中:ab为线性回归系数。
地震动参数与结构在地震作用下的响应并非呈简单线性回归关系,而是符合幂指数回归关系。因此需对Pearson相关系数表达式进行变换,如式(2)所示:
式中:IM为地震动参数;DM为结构在地震作用下的响应,本文仅考虑下部结构单层球面网壳的最大节点位移;ε为残差。式(2)进行变换后的Pearson相关系数表达式为
式中ρ为Pearson相关系数。
按照上述方法,可得到不同地震动参数与结构响应的Pearson相关系数如图3所示。结果表明,由于X方向和Y方向是相互独立且垂直的水平方向,两水平向的Pearson相关系数较为接近。对于所有地震动参数,由于结构的第一振型均为水平向,振型对其影响较大,水平向的相关系数均大于竖直方向。
由于相关系数的取值介于[-1,1]之间,当0<|ρ|<0.4时,结构响应与地震动参数二者低度相关,当0.4≤|ρ|≤ 0.7时,结构响应与地震动参数二者显著相关,当0.7<|ρ|≤ 1时,结构响应与地震动参数二者高度相关。对6个模型的18个地震动参数相关程度结果进行分析(图4),发现与加速度有关的地震动参数普遍相关性较好,速度、位移参数与结构响应相关性一般,持时参数与结构响应相关性较差。将每个地震动参数出现的频率进行统计,可以看到峰值加速度、加速度谱强度和A95参数总是出现在高度相关中。
有效性分析是指结构在某一地震动参数所表征的地震作用下结构响应的离散性大小。在给定的地震动强度条件下,一个有效的地震动参数能够使工程需求参数(EDP)的变异性相对较小,在满足所需精度的情况下,减少分析所需的地震动数目。本文采用地震动参数与结构响应进行线性回归时的标准差大小来衡量地震动参数的有效性,见式(4):
式中:σ为标准差;DMi为考虑下部结构单层球面网壳的最大节点位移。
当地震动参数与结构响应进行回归分析的标准差较小时,表示结构响应的离散性较小,地震动参数的有效性越好;反之,标准差较大则代表地震动参数的有效性较差。本文对所选18个地震动参数进行了有效性分析,结果如图5所示。
结果表明,地震动参数在XY这2个方向上的标准差相对较小,均小于在竖直方向上的标准差,其有效性更好。此外,具有较好有效性的地震动参数,往往也与结构响应的相关性较高,对于6个不同的考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳模型,Sa、PGA的标准差均较小,具有更高的有效性。
地震动参数充分性分析是指地震动参数在统计学意义上对地震特征参数(震级、震中距、断层距)的条件独立。本文利用统计分析软件SPSS完成充分性分析。由假设检验理论,获得显著性指标p值大于设定阈值(一般为0.05),即可判断地震动参数充分性较好。选取地震记录的震级M作为地震动特征参数,对地震动参数的充分性进行了分析。
地震动参数的充分性,体现了地震动参数与地震动特征参数间的相关性强弱。图6表明,地震动参数CAV对应的p值无明显变化规律,p值既可能大于0.05,也可能小于0.05;除CAV外,其余17个地震动参数的p值均大于0.05,表征与震级M之间不具有显著的线性相关性,充分性较好。
综合考虑地震动参数的相关性、有效性、充分性,加速度谱强度、峰值加速度为适于评估考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳地震响应的地震动参数。
结构易损性是指在给定地震危险性水平下结构发生不同等级破坏状态的条件概率,其数学表达式为
式中:Pf为某一破坏状态的失效概率;Sc为结构概率地震需求;Sd为结构概率抗震能力。
实际工程实践中,结构抗震能力和地震响应二者之间通常服从对数正态分布,而非简单的线性相关关系。因此,式(5)可用标准正态函数的形式表示,得到结构在特定地震动下的失效概率为
式中:IM为地震动参数;DM为结构损伤指标;为平均标准差。
根据HAZUS99[24],当以加速度谱强度为地震动参数指标时,平均标准差取0.4;当以地震动峰值加速度为参数指标时,平均标准差取0.5。
网壳结构形式复杂、强震破坏机理独特,仅使用一个指标难以衡量结构在地震作用下的损伤状态与破坏概率。因此,需要结合结构的宏微观响应,同时考虑上部网壳结构及下部支承体系的地震响应,采用基于多种响应特征的结构破坏准则来研究考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳的损伤模型。通过参考已有的研究,对考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳进行地震计算分析,根据其地震主要响应特征,以结构失效破坏时刻损伤因子数值Ds = 1进行函数拟合,从而建立考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳的地震作用损伤模型,其表达式为
式中:Ds为考虑下部结构球面网壳损伤因子;f为考虑下部结构球面网壳跨度;l为考虑下部结构球面网壳矢高;h为下部支承柱高度;dm1为上部网壳最大位移;de1为钢材出现塑性时的网壳结构位移;dm2为下部支承柱最大侧移;de2为钢材出现塑性时的柱顶位移;εa为结构平均塑性应变;εu为Q235钢材极限应变;rd1为上部结构进入塑性的1P杆件比例;rd3为上部结构进入塑性的3P杆件比例;rd5为上部结构进入塑性的5P杆件比例;rd8为上部结构全截面屈服杆件比例;rs1为下部结构进入塑性的1P杆件比例;rs3为下部结构进入塑性的3P杆件比例;rs5为下部结构进入塑性的5P杆件比例;rs8为下部结构全截面屈服杆件比例。
经统计,结构失效倒塌时刻Ds平均值为1.0019,同时从图7中也可看出算例实际损伤因子值均在1.0附近,可见拟合出结构损伤模型公式具有较高的精度。该损伤模型考虑了整体结构的变形(最大节点位移、下部支承柱侧移),并结合结构的塑性发展程度(平均塑性应变、塑性1P杆件、5P杆件等),综合了结构宏微观特征响应,同时包括了不考虑下部支承体系时的地震损伤模型,可以为工程实践提供理论基础,具有广泛的应用价值。
基于GB/T 24335—2009《建(构)筑物地震破坏等级划分》[25],对考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳在强震作用下的破坏程度进行分析,结合结构损伤模型建立破坏等级和损伤因子Ds之间的关系。基于大量的算例结果,表8给出了考虑下部结构的球面网壳在强震作用下的性能等级水准划分及损伤因子判别界限。
选用的结构为第二节中建立的D403248、D405248、D4052410模型,研究考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳的结构易损性。在对考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳进行结构易损性分析时,将地震分析数据分别取对数,得到结构在坐标系中离散的点,对得到的所有离散点进行二次回归分析。以D403248为例,得到该结构模型的二次回归曲线,如图8所示。
根据二次回归分析结果,得到结构地震需求概率模型如下:
结合式(6)~式(9)可以将结构在不同破坏状态下的失效概率曲线绘制出来,即考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳D403248模型的易损性曲线,如图9(a)所示。
图9(a)可知,结构在基本完好状态下的超越概率迅速增加,表明结构可以轻易跨越“小震不坏”的弹性阶段。结构在其余3个状态下的易损性曲线随地震动强度的增加趋于平缓,表明结构在弹塑性阶段可以较好地抵御地震作用,具有较强的延性耗能能力。当地震动峰值加速度为1.0 g时,结构能够保持原有刚度,基本完好的概率高达83.55%;即使当地震强度极其罕遇,在PGA = 3.0 g的地震作用下,结构仍能保持超过75%的概率不发生失效倒塌,表明该考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳抗震能力较高,可以满足“小震不坏、大震不倒”的抗震设防目标。
按照相同的研究思路,可建立其余2个结构的易损性曲线如图9(b)、(c)所示。通过对3种考虑下部结构的单层球面网壳进行结构易损性研究发现,在40 m跨度下,与矢跨比为1/5的结构相比,矢跨比为1/3的结构会率先发生破坏,进入下一破坏等级。这表明下部支承结构高度相同时,矢跨比较小的结构在40 m跨度的网壳结构中结构抗震性能更好;在破坏概率相同的情况下,矢跨比为1/5的结构动力稳定临界荷载与矢跨比为1/3的结构相比,临界荷载增大;再比较D403248和D4032410结构发现,支承高度对网壳抗震性能的影响并非呈线性关系,因此,在进行结构设计时应合理选取下部支承结构高度。
本文探讨了下部支承对肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳动力特性的影响,选取了适于评估考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳响应的地震动参数,并基于增量动力分析方法建立了考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳的地震损伤模型,主要结论如下:
1)有无下部支承对结构基频影响较大,随着下部结构高度的增加,结构基频不断减小,无支承柱结构与带10 m支承柱结构的基频相差高达24%。因此,在对结构进行地震计算时,需考虑下部支承对结构整体的影响。
2)对于考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳,水平向和竖直向的地震作用对其响应的贡献程度不同。综合考虑地震动参数的相关性、有效性和充分性,适于考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳结构地震响应评估的地震动参数为加速度谱强度、峰值加速度。
3)基于大量算例统计分析,结合上部球面网壳与下部支承体系的地震特征响应,建立了考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳的地震损伤模型,且该模型包括不考虑下部支承结构时的地震损伤模型,并提出了对考虑下部结构肋环斜杆型单层球面网壳在地震作用下的破坏等级划分标准及修复意见。
4)在下部支承体系高度相同时,矢跨比小的网壳结构抗震性能更好,所致结构倒塌的临界荷载更大;与此同时,下部支承结构高度对结构抗震性能的影响并非呈线性关系。因此,在进行结构设计时应合理选取下部支承结构高度。
  • 国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U1939208;)
  • 高等学校学科创新引智计划资助(111计划-B20039)
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0303
  • 接收时间:2023-03-24
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-03-24
  • 修回日期:2023-06-08
基金
国家自然科学基金联合基金项目(U1939208;)
高等学校学科创新引智计划资助(111计划-B20039)
作者信息
    1.天津大学 中国地震局地震工程综合模拟与城乡抗震韧性重点实验室,天津 300350
    2.天津大学 滨海土木工程结构与安全教育部重点实验室,天津 300350
    3.天津大学 建筑工程学院,天津 300350

通讯作者:

徐杰(1982—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构智能监测研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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genus
种数
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Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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