Article(id=1245390005460385811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0302, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1684166400000, receivedDateStr=2023-05-16, revisedDate=1687622400000, revisedDateStr=2023-06-25, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853715529, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853715529, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853715529, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853715529, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245390004252426256, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='230', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853715241, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854338522, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392618545332491, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392618545332492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245390004252426256, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=17, endPage=28, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245390005712044053, articleId=1245390005460385811, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Influence of biaxial restoring force models on wind vibration response of base-isolated buildings, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

In order to clarify the differences of wind vibration response of base-isolated buildings calculated by three commonly used biaxial restoring force models of MSS, Casciati and Harvey and Gavin, three models were used to simulate the restoring force of lead-rubber bearing under horizontal uniaxial and biaxial displacement. Comparing the differences of tests or finite element results. The differences in base displacement, top displacement and top acceleration for a numerical example were analyzed using three models. The results show the trends that the restoring forces of three models simulate the lead-rubber bearing in uniaxial cyclic displacement, square and offset square displacement are basically the same. While simulating circular and offset circular displacements, the biaxial restoring force shape of MSS model is different from the finite element results, which cannot simulate the coupling behavior of the bearing accurately, and the error of Casciati model is slightly smaller than that of Harvey and Gavin model. The Casciati model and the Harvey and Gavin model are basically the same in calculating the wind vibration response. For the root-mean-square of the cross-wind response, the differences between the three models are not significant. For the root-mean-square of the along-wind base displacement, top displacement and top acceleration, the MSS model is slightly smaller, while for the peak factors of base displacement in along-wind and cross-wind, the MSS model is slightly larger. For the variation of the peak factor of top acceleration and the ratio of the maximum top acceleration of bidirection to unidirection with wind speed in along-wind and cross-wind, the MSS model differs from others. With the consideration of the simulation of biaxial coupling effect and the difference of wind vibration response, the Casciati model is suggested to consider the influence of biaxial restoring force model on wind vibration response of base-isolated buildings.

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为明确MSS、Casciati和Harvey and Gavin这3种常用双向恢复力模型计算基础隔震建筑风振响应的差异,采用3种模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在水平单向和双向位移下的恢复力,对比试验或有限元结果的差异,采用3种模型对一算例在双向风荷载下隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度3个指标的差异进行了分析。研究表明:3种模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在单向循环位移、方形和偏置方形位移下恢复力的趋势基本一致;而模拟圆形和偏置圆形位移时,MSS模型双向恢复力形状与有限元结果不同,不能较为准确地模拟支座双向耦合行为,Casciati模型误差稍小于Harvey and Gavin模型。Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型计算风振响应基本一致;对于横风向响应均方根,3种模型差距不大;对于顺风向隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度均方根,MSS模型稍小,而对于顺、横风向隔震层位移峰值因子,MSS模型稍大;对于顺、横风向顶点加速度峰值因子和双向与单向模型顶点加速度最值比值随风速变化规律,MSS模型与其他模型差异较大。基于双向耦合效应模拟及风振响应指标的差异,建议采用Casciati模型考虑双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响。

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周云(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构隔震与消能减震控制方面的研究。E-mail:

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周云(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构隔震与消能减震控制方面的研究。E-mail:

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Journal of Engineering Mechanics, 2019, 145(12): 04019097., articleTitle=Evaluation and characterization of probabilistic along-wind and cross-wind responses of base-isolated tall buildings, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245390014004183374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390014012571980, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, companyId=1245390014004183374, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245390014016766285, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, companyId=1245390014004183374, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=广州大学 土木工程学院,广东 广州 510006)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1245390015962923497, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Displacement controlled bidirectional quasi-static loading device and loading path, figureFileSmall=x8tKqUlrESKTWbWfHIwkjQ==, figureFileBig=z5QAodkFbZk6RYodYRybwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390016071975414, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=图1, caption=位移控制双向拟静力加载装置及加载路径, figureFileSmall=x8tKqUlrESKTWbWfHIwkjQ==, figureFileBig=z5QAodkFbZk6RYodYRybwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390016285884937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 2, caption=Comparison of displacement controlled bidirectional quasi-static tests results and simulation results of LRB, figureFileSmall=q05GNbOiKELeddulvW5CQg==, figureFileBig=zbhQzepeHg7YFUmB39W12g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390016382353942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=图2, caption=铅芯橡胶支座位移控制双向拟静力试验与模拟结果对比, figureFileSmall=q05GNbOiKELeddulvW5CQg==, figureFileBig=zbhQzepeHg7YFUmB39W12g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390016499794470, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 3, caption=Hysteretic curves of lead-rubber bearing under unidirectional cyclic displacement, figureFileSmall=LNUAu9oKFzKFp2lFo/Lw2w==, figureFileBig=0rfCEF8rgCFodyQW83WmHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390016600457773, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=图3, caption=单向循环位移下铅芯橡胶支座滞回曲线, figureFileSmall=LNUAu9oKFzKFp2lFo/Lw2w==, figureFileBig=0rfCEF8rgCFodyQW83WmHQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390016713703995, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 4, caption=Horizontal bidirectional cyclic displacements of different types, figureFileSmall=tDaYMFWx8v8ge/5rZ2TR6g==, figureFileBig=4mT8XdRr/FxhUiVP98F4RA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390016814367304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=图4, caption=不同类型水平2个方向循环位移, figureFileSmall=tDaYMFWx8v8ge/5rZ2TR6g==, figureFileBig=4mT8XdRr/FxhUiVP98F4RA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390016894059087, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 5, caption=Biaxial restoring force of lead-rubber bearing under square cyclic displacements, figureFileSmall=UhdmXS6WUcT6Foh2MdbNGw==, figureFileBig=EXTIF3tIwxphR1PWdAK6Rw==, tableContent=null), 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journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 7, caption=Hysteretic curves of base under unidirectional wind load(UH = 40 m/s), figureFileSmall=ML5aISb+Xwt45oS//J27pw==, figureFileBig=UtC5pW4C9uDJGRTmhGzPew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390017368015472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=图7, caption=单向风荷载下隔震层滞回曲线(UH = 40 m / s), figureFileSmall=ML5aISb+Xwt45oS//J27pw==, figureFileBig=UtC5pW4C9uDJGRTmhGzPew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390017489650296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Hysteretic curves of base under wind load(UH = 40 m/s), figureFileSmall=l0+t1606kFsMoWwnw8dFGg==, figureFileBig=ZRcn6EwKwOLLu7xSXk8PAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390017586119299, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=图8, caption=风荷载下隔震层滞回曲线(UH = 40 m/s), figureFileSmall=l0+t1606kFsMoWwnw8dFGg==, figureFileBig=ZRcn6EwKwOLLu7xSXk8PAg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390017682588296, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 9, caption=Hysteretic curves of base of biaxial restoring force model under wind load (UH = 40 m/s), figureFileSmall=SopSsdxv+HxY9SYahlpoxw==, figureFileBig=fE7FX8LKP+u/nedZcsDYBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390017774862989, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=图9, caption=风荷载下双向恢复力模型隔震层滞回曲线(UH = 40 m/s), figureFileSmall=SopSsdxv+HxY9SYahlpoxw==, figureFileBig=fE7FX8LKP+u/nedZcsDYBQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390017930052248, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 10, caption=Hysteretic curves of base under wind load (UH = 70 m/s), figureFileSmall=glG/KhHUy+rIpM8V2SIErQ==, figureFileBig=9G8BxPUgqK/GJfZIT6dLIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018051687072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=图10, caption=风荷载下隔震层滞回曲线(UH = 70 m/s), figureFileSmall=glG/KhHUy+rIpM8V2SIErQ==, figureFileBig=9G8BxPUgqK/GJfZIT6dLIA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018160738983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Hysteretic curves of base of biaxial restoring force model under wind load (UH = 70 m/s), figureFileSmall=Pas+GDO8Imp3k54/VIbmNg==, figureFileBig=IWL+QTVnslmCc+CQcHOg8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018299151026, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=图11, caption=风荷载下双向恢复力模型隔震层滞回曲线(UH = 70 m/s), figureFileSmall=Pas+GDO8Imp3k54/VIbmNg==, figureFileBig=IWL+QTVnslmCc+CQcHOg8Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018416591545, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Root mean square of wind response in along-wind and cross-wind directions, figureFileSmall=U6BibXO/ipwfIMPlQpq+HA==, figureFileBig=Bvxy6spGM/1x3SM7feg4qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018550809279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=图12, caption=顺、横风向响应均方根, figureFileSmall=U6BibXO/ipwfIMPlQpq+HA==, figureFileBig=Bvxy6spGM/1x3SM7feg4qA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018643083977, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 13, caption=Peak factors of wind response in along-wind and cross-wind directions, figureFileSmall=qu/6bmsLRtjblKTR83Nn8w==, figureFileBig=Urnas8QwTUC5wOFiaCpd/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018739552972, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=图13, caption=顺、横风向响应峰值因子, figureFileSmall=qu/6bmsLRtjblKTR83Nn8w==, figureFileBig=Urnas8QwTUC5wOFiaCpd/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018865382102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Fig. 14, caption=Ratio of the maximum values of wind response under biaxial to unaxial restoring model, figureFileSmall=PSsSh7bn6eknlD8zuDbMfQ==, figureFileBig=DCeRRdLscxTsqlEgMN95EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390018953462494, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=图14, caption=双向与单向恢复力模型下响应最值比值, figureFileSmall=PSsSh7bn6eknlD8zuDbMfQ==, figureFileBig=DCeRRdLscxTsqlEgMN95EQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245390019058320104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Comparison of simulated and tested mechanical properties of the LRB300-60 bearing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支座力学性能水平等效刚度/(kN/m)屈服后刚度/(kN/m)等效阻尼比
试验值106565923.0%
模拟值101663922.9%
模拟值/试验值0.950.970.99
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019171566320, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

LRB300-60支座模拟与试验力学性能对比

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支座力学性能水平等效刚度/(kN/m)屈服后刚度/(kN/m)等效阻尼比
试验值106565923.0%
模拟值101663922.9%
模拟值/试验值0.950.970.99
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019406447352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Parameters of lead-rubber bearing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支座型号LRB400LRB600LRB800
橡胶G值/MPa0.550.550.55
直径D/mm400600800
铅径d/mm120120120
单层橡胶厚度tr/mm2.9257.08
橡胶总厚度Tr/mm78.84120162.84
S1242424
S2555
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019490333438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

铅芯橡胶支座参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支座型号LRB400LRB600LRB800
橡胶G值/MPa0.550.550.55
直径D/mm400600800
铅径d/mm120120120
单层橡胶厚度tr/mm2.9257.08
橡胶总厚度Tr/mm78.84120162.84
S1242424
S2555
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019607773959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Finite element mechanical parameters of lead-rubber bearing

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支座型号LRB400LRB600LRB800
屈服前刚度K1/(kN/mm)244.7371169.7467119.1926
屈服后刚度Kd/(kN/mm)0.79581.24591.6726
铅芯屈服力Qd/kN84.424785.261885.0444
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019737797393, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

铅芯橡胶支座有限元力学参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支座型号LRB400LRB600LRB800
屈服前刚度K1/(kN/mm)244.7371169.7467119.1926
屈服后刚度Kd/(kN/mm)0.79581.24591.6726
铅芯屈服力Qd/kN84.424785.261885.0444
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019846849302, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Hysteretic curves error under unidirectional cyclic displacements

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支座型号LRB400LRB600LRB800
Casciati模型0.123140.083440.07934
Harvey and Gavin模型0.123140.083440.07934
MSS模型0.128250.082690.00079
), ArticleFig(id=1245390019972678431, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

单向循环位移下滞回曲线误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支座型号LRB400LRB600LRB800
Casciati模型0.123140.083440.07934
Harvey and Gavin模型0.123140.083440.07934
MSS模型0.128250.082690.00079
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020073341730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Biaxial restoring force error under square cyclic displacements%

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支座型号LRB400LRB600LRB800
Casciati模型0.465220.136020.06658
Harvey and Gavin模型0.465220.136020.06658
MSS模型2.353310.861720.40156
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020199170858, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

方形循环位移下双向恢复力误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
支座型号LRB400LRB600LRB800
Casciati模型0.465220.136020.06658
Harvey and Gavin模型0.465220.136020.06658
MSS模型2.353310.861720.40156
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020324999987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Biaxial restoring force error of LRB600 under different bidirectional displacements

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
双向位移模型圆形位移偏置方形位移偏置圆形位移
Casciati模型0.349850.273670.32474
Harvey and Gavin模型0.349860.273670.32477
MSS模型0.505990.595680.38236
), ArticleFig(id=1245390020438246203, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245390005460385811, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同双向位移模式下LRB600支座误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
双向位移模型圆形位移偏置方形位移偏置圆形位移
Casciati模型0.349850.273670.32474
Harvey and Gavin模型0.349860.273670.32477
MSS模型0.505990.595680.38236
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双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响
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周云 , 周和鸿
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(3): 17-28
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(3): 17-28
双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响
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周云 , 周和鸿
作者信息
  • 广州大学 土木工程学院,广东 广州 510006
  • 周云(1965—),男,教授,博士,主要从事结构隔震与消能减震控制方面的研究。E-mail:

Influence of biaxial restoring force models on wind vibration response of base-isolated buildings
Yun ZHOU , Hehong ZHOU
Affiliations
  • College of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0302
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为明确MSS、Casciati和Harvey and Gavin这3种常用双向恢复力模型计算基础隔震建筑风振响应的差异,采用3种模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在水平单向和双向位移下的恢复力,对比试验或有限元结果的差异,采用3种模型对一算例在双向风荷载下隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度3个指标的差异进行了分析。研究表明:3种模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在单向循环位移、方形和偏置方形位移下恢复力的趋势基本一致;而模拟圆形和偏置圆形位移时,MSS模型双向恢复力形状与有限元结果不同,不能较为准确地模拟支座双向耦合行为,Casciati模型误差稍小于Harvey and Gavin模型。Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型计算风振响应基本一致;对于横风向响应均方根,3种模型差距不大;对于顺风向隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度均方根,MSS模型稍小,而对于顺、横风向隔震层位移峰值因子,MSS模型稍大;对于顺、横风向顶点加速度峰值因子和双向与单向模型顶点加速度最值比值随风速变化规律,MSS模型与其他模型差异较大。基于双向耦合效应模拟及风振响应指标的差异,建议采用Casciati模型考虑双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响。

基础隔震建筑  /  风振响应  /  双向恢复力模型  /  对比分析

In order to clarify the differences of wind vibration response of base-isolated buildings calculated by three commonly used biaxial restoring force models of MSS, Casciati and Harvey and Gavin, three models were used to simulate the restoring force of lead-rubber bearing under horizontal uniaxial and biaxial displacement. Comparing the differences of tests or finite element results. The differences in base displacement, top displacement and top acceleration for a numerical example were analyzed using three models. The results show the trends that the restoring forces of three models simulate the lead-rubber bearing in uniaxial cyclic displacement, square and offset square displacement are basically the same. While simulating circular and offset circular displacements, the biaxial restoring force shape of MSS model is different from the finite element results, which cannot simulate the coupling behavior of the bearing accurately, and the error of Casciati model is slightly smaller than that of Harvey and Gavin model. The Casciati model and the Harvey and Gavin model are basically the same in calculating the wind vibration response. For the root-mean-square of the cross-wind response, the differences between the three models are not significant. For the root-mean-square of the along-wind base displacement, top displacement and top acceleration, the MSS model is slightly smaller, while for the peak factors of base displacement in along-wind and cross-wind, the MSS model is slightly larger. For the variation of the peak factor of top acceleration and the ratio of the maximum top acceleration of bidirection to unidirection with wind speed in along-wind and cross-wind, the MSS model differs from others. With the consideration of the simulation of biaxial coupling effect and the difference of wind vibration response, the Casciati model is suggested to consider the influence of biaxial restoring force model on wind vibration response of base-isolated buildings.

base-isolated buildings  /  wind vibration response  /  biaxial restoring force models  /  comparative analysis
周云, 周和鸿. 双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (3) : 17 -28 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0302
Yun ZHOU, Hehong ZHOU. Influence of biaxial restoring force models on wind vibration response of base-isolated buildings[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (3) : 17 -28 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0302
相比于传统抗震结构,基础隔震结构更易受横向风荷载的影响[1],同时受顺、横双向风荷载作用。中国GB/T 51408—2021《建筑隔震设计标准》[2]要求隔震层在设计风荷载下处于弹性范围内,而日本《隔震建筑物的抗风设计指南》[1]则允许隔震层进入塑性状态。隔震构件在双向风荷载作用下2个水平方向的力学性能相互耦合,若仅采用单向恢复力模型分析计算会低估其位移,造成安全隐患[3-5],有必要采用能反映2个水平方向耦合效应的恢复力模型进行计算。PANG等[6]指出需考虑水平双向耦合效应对风向变化的顺、横双向风荷载激励下隔震建筑风振响应的影响。
常用双向恢复力模型有:Park Wen模型[7]、MSS模型[8](multiple shear spring,MSS)、CASCIATI模型[9]和Harvey and Gavin[10]模型等。PARK等[7]将单向Bouc-Wen模型扩展为考虑水平双向耦合效应的Park模型,目前已应用于SAP2000等软件,然而该模型加卸载规则在2个正交方向上不一致,违背了圆形支座各向同性的假定,CASCIATI[9]改进加卸载判别条件使其符合各向同性假定的要求。MSS模型中单个剪切弹簧可任意指定其恢复力模型类型,如双线性模型和三线性模型等[11]。部分学者采用上述双向恢复力模型研究了双向耦合效应对结构响应的影响。如王建强等[4]采用基于Park改进的双向恢复力模型研究基础隔震结构双向地震响应。董庆园等[11]采用MSS模型分析双向地震作用下隔震建筑弹性塑性时程响应,结合振动台试验验证了模型的适用性,周通[12]采用Casciati模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座水平双向耦合效应,结合支座压缩刚度和临界承载力随侧移的变化效应以及非线性拉伸性能等特性,使用OpenSees有限元程序开发了铅芯橡胶支座单元模型。TIAN等[5]采用Harvey and Gavin模型研究了双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响,并考虑偏心的影响。但尚未有学者对比常用双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响,相同工况下不同模型计算得到的风振响应结果存在差异,给基础隔震建筑抗风分析与设计带来诸多不便。
本文采用3种双向恢复力模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在水平单向和双向位移下的恢复力,对比试验或有限元结果的差异,再采用3种模型对一算例在顺、横双向风荷载下基础隔震建筑风振响应的差异进行分析,根据对比结果推荐合理的双向恢复力模型,考虑双向耦合效应,为基础隔震建筑抗风分析与设计提供参考。
为对比研究3种双向恢复力模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在单向和双向循环位移下恢复力的有效性和精确度,首先对文献[13]中的位移控制双向拟静力试验进行模拟分析,鉴于现有试验装置加载能力的局限性、足尺和多参数的铅芯橡胶支座水平双向耦合行为试验数据较为匮乏,采用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟研究铅芯橡胶支座在水平单向和双向循环位移作用下的恢复力,并与上述3种双向恢复力模型对比,采用文献[14]中ER函数评价误差,分析3种双向恢复力模型模拟的有效性和精确度。
为对比研究3种双向恢复力模型模拟铅芯支座水平双向耦合效应的有效性,对文献[13]中铅芯橡胶支座位移控制双向拟静力试验进行模拟分析。支座规格:外径为167.90 mm,内径为29.97 mm,钢板总厚度为18×1.905 = 35.29 mm,橡胶总厚度为19×3.175 = 60.325 mm,支座总高度为151.77 mm,橡胶剪切模量G = 0.55 MPa,支座的特征强度值Qd = 6.784 kN,支座屈服前后刚度分别为K1 = 3.242 kN/mm,Kd = 0.177 kN/mm。如图1(a)所示,该试验将29483.50 kg的质量块置于4个支座上模拟竖向荷载,并通过控制下部振动台台面按相应路径进行位移加载,以研究铅芯橡胶支座在水平双向静位移下的双向耦合性能。以下对如图1(b)所示的幅值为60.325 mm(γ = 100%)的方形位移加载路径试验工况进行模拟对比分析。
采用GetData Graph Digitizer软件获取文献[13]的试验数据,本文取MSS模型弹簧数N = 8,Casciati和Harvey and Gavin模型参数取A = 1,β = 0.5,δ = 0.5,n = 20。3种双向恢复力模型模拟结果与试验结果对比如图2所示。由图2(a)可知,铅芯橡胶支座在方形水平位移下双向恢复力具有耦合效应,当x向水平剪应变达到100%并保持不变时,随着y向位移增加,由于双向耦合效应导致x向恢复力随之减小。由图2可知,3种模型的模拟结果与试验结果趋势基本一致,Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型与试验结果较为相近,而MSS模型结果稍大。
首先验证3种双向恢复力模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座单向受力的有效性,进一步对比3种模型模拟水平双向耦合效应的有效性和精确度。采用ABAQUS有限元软件模拟铅芯橡胶支座在水平单向和双向循环位移作用下的恢复力,并与3种模型模拟结果进行对比,采用ER函数评价误差。
本文主要研究铅芯橡胶支座250%水平剪切变形以内力学性能,对于此范围内中、小水平变形,铅芯橡胶支座力学行为符合橡胶材料Mooney-Rivlin本构模型的条件,取该本构参数[15]C10 = 0.25,C01 = 0.025,D1 = 0.002,铅芯和钢板弹性模量分别为16.46、206 GPa,泊松比均为0.3,铅芯屈服力为13 MPa,两者采用C3D8R单元模拟,橡胶采用C3D8RH单元模拟。为验证建模方法的正确性,按照该方法对文献[16]中LRB300-60支座试验进行模拟并与试验结果对比,如表1所示。模拟结果与试验结果基本吻合,可基于该建模方法进一步进行数值模拟研究。模拟研究的铅芯橡胶支座参数见表2,在10 MPa面压和100%应变的单向循环压剪作用下铅芯橡胶支座有限元滞回曲线如图3所示,并由该滞回曲线计算参数K1KdQd表3所示,然后由3个参数采用3种双向恢复力模型模拟单向循环压剪作用下滞回曲线,有限元结果与双向模型模拟结果对比如图3所示。采用的评价误差为
式中:ER为恢复力模型模拟误差;Fti为有限元第i位移点处的恢复力;Fmi为对应位移点处的双向恢复力模型模拟的恢复力。
利用式(1)计算的误差如表4所示。
图3表4可知,3种双向恢复力模型均可准确模拟铅芯橡胶支座在单向循环位移下的滞回曲线,最大误差小于1%。
对3种直径的铅芯橡胶支座施加如图4(a)的方形水平2个方向循环位移,对比研究3种双向恢复力模型模拟方形位移下双向耦合效应的有效性和精确度;对600 mm直径支座施加如图4(b)的圆形水平2个方向循环位移,研究双向恢复力模型模拟不同水平2个方向位移轨迹下恢复力的有效性。顺风向风荷载由平均风荷载±脉动风荷载组成,故采用如图4(c)、(d)的偏置方形和偏置圆形水平2个方向循环位移考虑平均风荷载对双向耦合效应的影响。
3种直径铅芯橡胶支座在方形水平2个方向循环位移作用下的双向恢复力如图5所示,模拟结果的误差如表5所示。由图5表5可知,3种模型的模拟结果与有限元结果趋势基本一致;随着支座直径增大,模拟误差逐渐减小,MSS模型误差最大,最大误差小于5%,Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型误差一致。
不同双向位移模式下LRB600支座滞回曲线如图6所示,模拟误差如表6所示。由图6可知,在圆形和偏置圆形位移作用下,有限元与Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型双向恢复力形状均为圆形,由于双向耦合机制不同,MSS模型双向恢复力图形为锯齿形[17],且最大恢复力稍大于其他3种结果,Casciati模型误差稍小于Harvey and Gavin模型,MSS模型误差最大,最大误差小于1%。
综上,采用3种双向恢复力模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在水平单向和双向循环位移下的恢复力,对比试验或有限元结果的差异,结果表明:3种模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在单向循环位移、方形和偏置方形位移下恢复力的趋势基本一致;而模拟圆形和偏置圆形位移时,MSS模型的双向恢复力形状与有限元、Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型不同,不能较为准确地反映圆形位移作用下铅芯橡胶支座双向耦合行为,且其误差最大;Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型模拟单向循环位移、方形和偏置方形位移时,误差一致,而模拟圆形和偏置圆形位移时,后者误差稍大。
为对比研究3种双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响,基于一算例,对比3种模型计算不同风速顺、横双向风荷载下基础隔震建筑隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度3个指标的差异。
采用高度H为200 m,截面为40 m×40 m,密度为192 kg/m3,层高为4 m的50层建筑为模型。xy方向第一阶频率f1 = 46/H = 0.23 Hz,并假设xy方向第一阶振型均为线性,如ϕ1,i = zi/H,采用如式(2)[18]计算结构的层刚度为
由此得到上部结构的前3阶频率分别为0.23,0.56,0.89 Hz。上部结构简化为10个质点,假定上部结构第一阶阻尼比为1%,并采用刚度比例型[19]阻尼,则第二、三阶振型阻尼比为2.45%和3.87%。隔震层质量mb = 4.08×105 kg,由具有隔震与阻尼功能的铅芯橡胶支座组成,采用双线性模型描述其滞回曲线,初始刚度kbx = kby = 5.5×105 kN/m,屈服后刚度比α = 0.12,不考虑隔震层的线性阻尼,由此得到初始刚度下隔震建筑的前3阶频率分别为0.21,0.53,0.84 Hz。隔震层屈服位移Δx = Δy = 0.0225 m,屈服力fy为2%结构质量。
各质点顺风向平均风荷载[20]
式中:
顺、横风向第ij质点脉动风荷载互功率谱[20]
式中:ky = 0.5;顺、横风向基底弯矩系数功率谱密度SCMf)的均方差分别为0.1和0.572;αs = 0.15,由式(4)模拟脉动风荷载时程,UH为由30~70 m/s,以10 m/s为间隔。
基础隔震建筑的运动方程为
式中:M = diag(MxxMyy);K = diag(KxxKyy);Pt)= diag(Pxt),Pyt));Mss = diag(m1,…,mN)(s = xy),Mb = diag(mbmb);cb = diag(cbxcby);R = diag(rr),r = ones(1,…,1)1Pst)= {Ps1t),…,PsNt)}(s = xy);z = {zxzy}Tub = {ubxuby}Tu = {uTxuTy}Tu为上部结构相对隔震层的位移。将u用振型函数表示为
将式(6)代入式(5),得
式中:
将式(7)写为状态方程如下:
式中:
采用Runge-Kutta法求解Casciati和Harvey and Gavin模型状态方程式(8),采用Newmark-β法结合Newton-Raphson迭代法求解MSS模型的运动方程式(7),以30组时程的均值为统计值。
图7可知,当Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型的幂次n取20时,顺风向隔震层3种恢复力模型滞回曲线基本一致。而横风向由于MSS模型较其他模型更早屈服滞回耗能,因此其最大位移和恢复力稍小于其他模型,又由图8可知考虑双向恢复力模型对顺风向位移影响较大,故Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型的幂次n取为20。
UH为40 m/s和70 m/s时,在单向和双向风荷载下3种双向恢复力模型计算隔震层顺、横风向的滞回曲线如图8~图11所示。图中单向风荷载指单向输入顺风或横风荷载,而双向风荷载指同时输入顺、横双向风荷载,C、H和M为Casciati模型、Harvey and Gavin模型和MSS模型简称。由图8图10可知,双向恢复力模型的隔震层顺、横风向滞回曲线轨迹与单向模型存在明显差距,双向模型下滞回曲线轨迹较为不规则,且考虑双向恢复力模型使隔震层顺风向位移增大。
3种模型计算顺、横风向响应均方根如图12所示,可知3种模型计算顺、横风向响应均方根随风速的变化规律相近。双向模型的顺风向隔震层位移均方根大于单向模型,顶点位移和加速度均方根小于单向模型,双向模型的横风向响应均方根与单向模型几乎没有差别。Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型的顺风向隔震层位移和顶点位移均方根稍大于MSS模型,3种模型顺风向顶点加速度均方根基本一致。
3种模型计算顺、横风向响应峰值因子如图13所示,可知3种模型计算的顺、横风向隔震层和顶点位移峰值因子随风速的变化规律相近,顶点加速度峰值因子变化规律差异较大。除UH = 50 m/s外,双向模型的顺风向隔震层位移峰值因子小于单向模型,MSS模型稍大于另2种模型。Casciati和Harvey and Gavin双向模型的顺风向顶点位移和顶点加速度峰值因子均大于单向模型,且当UH大于50 m/s时,稍小于MSS模型。3种双向模型的横风向隔震层位移峰值因子与单向模型基本一致,MSS模型稍大于另2种模型。3种双向模型的横风向顶点位移峰值因子在UH大于50 m/s后大于单向模型,且3种模型基本一致。Casciati和Harvey and Gavin模型在速度较小时,双向与单向模型横风向顶点加速度峰值因子基本一致,当UH大于50 m/s时,单向模型结果较大,而MSS双向模型均小于单向模型。
3种模型计算双向与单向恢复力模型响应最值比值如图14所示,可知3种模型顺、横风向隔震层位移和顶点位移的双向与单向最值比值随风速的变化规律相近,而顶点加速度变化规律差异较大。由图14(a)可知,UH = 30 m/s时,最大位移增大近1倍,此时顺风向仅总风荷载使隔震层屈服,而脉动风荷载未使隔震层屈服;当UH大于50 m/s时,位移增大比值小于1.2,此时顺风向仅脉动风荷载可使隔震层屈服。UH为30 m/s和70 m/s时,3种双向模型的顺风向顶点位移最值与单向模型差距不大,其他风速时均小于单向模型,UH = 50 m/s时比值约为0.9,且3种模型比值基本一致。3种双向模型的横风向顶点位移最值与单向模型比值随风速增大而增大,且3种模型较为相近。由图14(c)可知,屈服阶段的光滑程度不同导致滞回耗能有一定差异和水平双向耦合机制不同,MSS模型顺、横风向顶点加速度双向与单向最值比值随风速变化规律与Casciati和Harvey and Gavin模型有一定差异,且数值大小也有较大差距。
综上所述,双向恢复力模型的隔震层顺、横风向滞回曲线轨迹与单向模型存在明显差距,双向模型下滞回曲线轨迹较为不规则;考虑双向恢复力模型对横风向隔震层位移、顶点位移、顶点加速度均方根、隔震层位移峰值因子与位移最值和顶点位移最值影响不大,而对顺风向隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度响应指标的均方根、峰值因子和最值影响较大,而隔震位移最值最大可增加约一倍。因此,需考虑双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响。
采用Casciati和Harvey and Gavin模型计算基础隔震建筑在不同风速双向风荷载输入下的风振响应基本一致。3种双向恢复力模型计算得到的横风向隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度均方根差距不大;按MSS模型计算双向风荷载下顺风向隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度均方值稍小于Casciati和Harvey and Gavin模型,顺、横风向隔震层位移峰值因子稍大于Casciati和Harvey and Gavin模型。由于屈服阶段的光滑程度不同进而导致滞回耗能有一定差异和水平双向耦合机制不同,MSS模型计算顺、横风向顶点加速度峰值因子和双向与单向模型最值比值随风速变化规律与Casciati和Harvey and Gavin模型存在较大差异。
采用3种双向恢复力模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在水平单向和双向位移下的恢复力,对比试验或有限元结果的差异,分析了3种双向恢复力模型计算一算例在顺、横双向风荷载下隔震层的位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度3个指标的差异,主要结论如下:
1)3种模型模拟铅芯橡胶支座在单向循环位移、方形和偏置方形位移下恢复力的趋势基本一致;而模拟圆形和偏置圆形位移时,MSS模型双向恢复力形状与有限元结果不同,不能较为准确地反映圆形位移作用下铅芯橡胶支座双向耦合行为;Casciati模型和Harvey and Gavin模型模拟单向循环位移、方形和偏置方形位移时,误差一致,而模拟圆形和偏置圆形位移时后者误差稍大。
2)采用Casciati和Harvey and Gavin模型计算基础隔震建筑在不同风速双向风荷载下的风振响应基本一致。对于横风向隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度均方根,3种双向恢复力模型差距不大;对于顺风向隔震层位移、顶点位移和顶点加速度均方根,MSS模型稍小于Casciati和Harvey and Gavin模型,对于顺、横风向隔震层位移峰值因子,MSS模型稍大;对于顺、横风向顶点加速度峰值因子和双向与单向模型最值比值随风速变化规律,MSS模型与Casciati和Harvey and Gavin模型差异较大。
3)综合双向耦合效应模拟及风振响应指标的差异,建议采用Casciati模型考虑双向恢复力模型对基础隔震建筑风振响应的影响。
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2024年第44卷第3期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0302
  • 接收时间:2023-05-16
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2023-05-16
  • 修回日期:2023-06-25
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    广州大学 土木工程学院,广东 广州 510006
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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