Article(id=1245389860190663424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245389858412282468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0215, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1665244800000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-09, revisedDate=1676390400000, revisedDateStr=2023-02-15, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853680894, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853680894, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853680894, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853680894, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245389858412282468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='232', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853680470, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854277127, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392361031840387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245389858412282468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392361031840388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245389858412282468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=137, endPage=146, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245389860664619780, articleId=1245389860190663424, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Study on comfort level of reinforced truss composite slabs based on vibration response, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

To investigate the vibration comfort level of reinforced truss composite slabs applied in residential building floors, the vibration response of the integral connection reinforced truss composite slabs under human-induced excitation loads was studied through experiments. Three types of loading excitations, including single-person walking, three-person asynchronous walking, and three-person synchronous walking, were designed for experiments. For the single-person walking load experiment, three different walking paths including longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal were designed. The vibration response of the composite slabs under various human-induced excitations and walking paths was investigated. A refined finite element model of the composite slabs was established to analyze the influence of the protective layer thickness at the plate bottom, truss height, density ratio and modulus ratio of concrete to reinforcement on the natural frequency of vibration of the composite slabs. The results show that the peak acceleration under human-induced excitation increases with the layer height. The peak accelerations under different human-induced loading conditions decrease in the following order: three-person synchronous walking, three-person asynchronous walking, and single-person walking, and the peak acceleration under single-person walking condition is independent of the walking path. The natural frequency of the composite slabs decreases with the increase of the thickness of the protective layer at the plate bottom, and reaches the maximum when the truss height is 80 mm. The natural frequency is inversely proportional to the concrete-to-reinforcement density ratio, and is directly proportional to the concrete-to-reinforcement modulus ratio.

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为了研究应用于住宅楼楼板的钢筋桁架叠合板的振动舒适度问题,通过试验研究了整体式连接钢筋桁架叠合板在人致激励荷载作用下的振动响应。试验设计了单人行走、3人不同步行走和3人同步行走3个荷载激励,并对单人行走荷载设计了纵向行走、横向行走和对角线行走3条路径,研究分析叠合板在不同人致激励下和行走路径的振动响应;同时建立叠合板精细化有限元模型,分析板底保护层厚度、桁架高度、混凝土与钢筋密度比和模量比对叠合板自振频率的影响。结果表明:人致激励下的峰值加速度沿层高的增大而增大,荷载工况的峰值加速度由大到小依次为3人同步行走、3人不同步行走、单人行走,单人行走下峰值加速度与行走路径无关;叠合板自振频率随板底保护层厚度的增大而减小,在桁架钢筋高度为80 mm达到最大,与混凝土和钢筋密度比成反比,与混凝土和钢筋模量比成正比。

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杨涛(1984—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事古建筑保护、工程结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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杨涛(1984—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事古建筑保护、工程结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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杨涛(1984—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事古建筑保护、工程结构抗震研究。E-mail:

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(in Chinese), articleTitle=Research on dynamic characteristics of steel truss-concrete composite floor based on serviceability, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1245389878041620902, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, awardId=2023-YBSF-516, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省重点研发计划(2023-YBSF-516), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1245389867669107628, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245389867681690542, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, companyId=1245389867669107628, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1245389867690079150, tenantId=1146029695717560320, 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figureFileBig=qSa64GT4seWXrUjGgkYjvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245389873654378639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=CN, label=图7, caption=各荷载工况下峰值加速度, figureFileSmall=3hD3p42PvbOj9PeCuASG9g==, figureFileBig=qSa64GT4seWXrUjGgkYjvQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245389873889259673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=EN, label=Fig. 8, caption=Acceleration time history curves of each floor of composite 1 under working condition D, figureFileSmall=POauzu+DlPAXvWRfDUAyrQ==, figureFileBig=imG/xmtv6y6z60USBtG+yg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245389874119946409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=CN, label=图8, caption=叠合板1在工况D作用下各楼层加速度时程曲线, figureFileSmall=POauzu+DlPAXvWRfDUAyrQ==, figureFileBig=imG/xmtv6y6z60USBtG+yg==, tableContent=null), 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journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=CN, label=图10, caption=叠合板一阶振型图, figureFileSmall=rApKxzMzq0BksVmGnOK/XA==, figureFileBig=cb1Q2eOY6zWue3Ft8+KF8A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245389874807812300, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=EN, label=Fig. 11, caption=Modeling of cast-in-situ slabs, figureFileSmall=XuNDdJXEEMBAFioONiA/rA==, figureFileBig=L5VGEDDl/ReUlO7NExcWKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245389874904281301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=CN, label=图11, caption=现浇板建模, figureFileSmall=XuNDdJXEEMBAFioONiA/rA==, figureFileBig=L5VGEDDl/ReUlO7NExcWKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245389874979778779, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=EN, label=Fig. 12, caption=Influence of plate bottom protective layer thickness on natural 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figureFileSmall=yNF7s9mU421nBzl+04JjkA==, figureFileBig=lN4WUYvomdFEyJimJ0SHIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245389875898331402, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=CN, label=图15, caption=混凝土与钢筋模量比对叠合板自振频率影响关系, figureFileSmall=yNF7s9mU421nBzl+04JjkA==, figureFileBig=lN4WUYvomdFEyJimJ0SHIw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245389875998994705, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Limit values of frequency

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规范应用场景频率限值/Hz
GB 50010—2010《混凝土结构设计规范》[13]住宅和公寓≥5
办公楼和旅馆≥4
大跨度公共建筑≥3
JGJ 3—2010《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》[14]≥3
), ArticleFig(id=1245389876145795355, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

频率限值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规范应用场景频率限值/Hz
GB 50010—2010《混凝土结构设计规范》[13]住宅和公寓≥5
办公楼和旅馆≥4
大跨度公共建筑≥3
JGJ 3—2010《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》[14]≥3
), ArticleFig(id=1245389876401647912, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Human sensitivity to peak vibration acceleration

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
状态峰值加速度/(mm/s2
感觉不到[0,12.5)
可以感觉到[12.5,90)
明显感觉到[90,150)
感觉不舒服[150,800)
感觉无法忍受[800,+∞)
), ArticleFig(id=1245389876519088434, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

人对振动峰值加速度的敏感

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
状态峰值加速度/(mm/s2
感觉不到[0,12.5)
可以感觉到[12.5,90)
明显感觉到[90,150)
感觉不舒服[150,800)
感觉无法忍受[800,+∞)
), ArticleFig(id=1245389876674277695, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Limit values of acceleration

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规范应用场景峰值加速度/mm2
住宅、办公自振频率≤2 Hz70
《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》[14]商场及室内连廊自振频率≥4 Hz50
自振频率≤2 Hz220
自振频率≥4 Hz150
ISO 2631—2[15]10
AISC[16]住宅、办公70
仅进行单项节奏性活动(节律性荷载)400~700
), ArticleFig(id=1245389876812689733, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

加速度限值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
规范应用场景峰值加速度/mm2
住宅、办公自振频率≤2 Hz70
《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》[14]商场及室内连廊自振频率≥4 Hz50
自振频率≤2 Hz220
自振频率≥4 Hz150
ISO 2631—2[15]10
AISC[16]住宅、办公70
仅进行单项节奏性活动(节律性荷载)400~700
), ArticleFig(id=1245389876946907474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Size of composite slabs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
叠合板编号长×宽(mm×mm)叠合板编号长×宽(mm×mm)
13470×342043120×2520
23170×297053570×2520
33570×297063970×2770
), ArticleFig(id=1245389877026599260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

叠合板尺寸

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
叠合板编号长×宽(mm×mm)叠合板编号长×宽(mm×mm)
13470×342043120×2520
23170×297053570×2520
33570×297063970×2770
), ArticleFig(id=1245389877152428389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Load cases

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验方法施加荷载行人体重/kg行走路径工况行走频率/Hz
自由振动法单人原地跳70A
沿板长中线B2
单人行走60沿板宽中线C2
人致激励荷载工况沿板对角线D2
3人不同步行走60、70、75沿板长中线E2
3人同步行走沿板长中线F2
), ArticleFig(id=1245389877286646130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

荷载工况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验方法施加荷载行人体重/kg行走路径工况行走频率/Hz
自由振动法单人原地跳70A
沿板长中线B2
单人行走60沿板宽中线C2
人致激励荷载工况沿板对角线D2
3人不同步行走60、70、75沿板长中线E2
3人同步行走沿板长中线F2
), ArticleFig(id=1245389877437641085, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Natural vibration frequency

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
叠合板编号自振频率叠合板编号自振频率
实测值/Hz有限元值/Hz误差/%实测值/Hz有限元值/Hz误差/%
152.50050.1994.40475.50079.204-4.90
257.60057.928-0.60576.80073.1254.80
358.90063.673-8.10661.40060.6971.10
), ArticleFig(id=1245389877597024648, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

自振频率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
叠合板编号自振频率叠合板编号自振频率
实测值/Hz有限元值/Hz误差/%实测值/Hz有限元值/Hz误差/%
152.50050.1994.40475.50079.204-4.90
257.60057.928-0.60576.80073.1254.80
358.90063.673-8.10661.40060.6971.10
), ArticleFig(id=1245389877722853777, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Comparison of natural vibration frequencies between composite slabs and cast-in-situ slabs

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
叠合板编号有限元值混凝土板理论值/Hz叠合板有限元值与混凝土板理论值相对误差/%
叠合板/Hz同等条件下现浇板/Hz叠合板与现浇板相对误差/%
150.19954.286-8.1460.840-21.20
257.92862.195-7.3771.310-23.10
363.67368.394-7.4177.690-22.01
479.20484.189-6.2997.030-22.51
573.12577.801-6.3988.410-20.90
660.69767.657-11.4772.690-19.76
), ArticleFig(id=1245389877890625948, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860190663424, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

叠合板与现浇板自振频率比较

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
叠合板编号有限元值混凝土板理论值/Hz叠合板有限元值与混凝土板理论值相对误差/%
叠合板/Hz同等条件下现浇板/Hz叠合板与现浇板相对误差/%
150.19954.286-8.1460.840-21.20
257.92862.195-7.3771.310-23.10
363.67368.394-7.4177.690-22.01
479.20484.189-6.2997.030-22.51
573.12577.801-6.3988.410-20.90
660.69767.657-11.4772.690-19.76
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基于振动响应的钢筋桁架叠合板的舒适度研究
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杨涛 , 段晓敏
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(2): 137-146
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(2): 137-146
基于振动响应的钢筋桁架叠合板的舒适度研究
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杨涛 , 段晓敏
作者信息
  • 西安工程大学 城市规划与市政工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
  • 杨涛(1984—),男,副教授,博士,主要从事古建筑保护、工程结构抗震研究。E-mail:

Study on comfort level of reinforced truss composite slabs based on vibration response
Tao YANG , Xiaomin DUAN
Affiliations
  • School of Urban Planning and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0215
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为了研究应用于住宅楼楼板的钢筋桁架叠合板的振动舒适度问题,通过试验研究了整体式连接钢筋桁架叠合板在人致激励荷载作用下的振动响应。试验设计了单人行走、3人不同步行走和3人同步行走3个荷载激励,并对单人行走荷载设计了纵向行走、横向行走和对角线行走3条路径,研究分析叠合板在不同人致激励下和行走路径的振动响应;同时建立叠合板精细化有限元模型,分析板底保护层厚度、桁架高度、混凝土与钢筋密度比和模量比对叠合板自振频率的影响。结果表明:人致激励下的峰值加速度沿层高的增大而增大,荷载工况的峰值加速度由大到小依次为3人同步行走、3人不同步行走、单人行走,单人行走下峰值加速度与行走路径无关;叠合板自振频率随板底保护层厚度的增大而减小,在桁架钢筋高度为80 mm达到最大,与混凝土和钢筋密度比成反比,与混凝土和钢筋模量比成正比。

钢筋桁架叠合板  /  振动响应  /  舒适度  /  峰值加速度  /  自振频率

To investigate the vibration comfort level of reinforced truss composite slabs applied in residential building floors, the vibration response of the integral connection reinforced truss composite slabs under human-induced excitation loads was studied through experiments. Three types of loading excitations, including single-person walking, three-person asynchronous walking, and three-person synchronous walking, were designed for experiments. For the single-person walking load experiment, three different walking paths including longitudinal, transverse, and diagonal were designed. The vibration response of the composite slabs under various human-induced excitations and walking paths was investigated. A refined finite element model of the composite slabs was established to analyze the influence of the protective layer thickness at the plate bottom, truss height, density ratio and modulus ratio of concrete to reinforcement on the natural frequency of vibration of the composite slabs. The results show that the peak acceleration under human-induced excitation increases with the layer height. The peak accelerations under different human-induced loading conditions decrease in the following order: three-person synchronous walking, three-person asynchronous walking, and single-person walking, and the peak acceleration under single-person walking condition is independent of the walking path. The natural frequency of the composite slabs decreases with the increase of the thickness of the protective layer at the plate bottom, and reaches the maximum when the truss height is 80 mm. The natural frequency is inversely proportional to the concrete-to-reinforcement density ratio, and is directly proportional to the concrete-to-reinforcement modulus ratio.

steel truss composite slab  /  vibration response  /  comfort  /  peak acceleration  /  natural vibration frequency
杨涛, 段晓敏. 基于振动响应的钢筋桁架叠合板的舒适度研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (2) : 137 -146 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0215
Tao YANG, Xiaomin DUAN. Study on comfort level of reinforced truss composite slabs based on vibration response[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (2) : 137 -146 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0215
为了响应国务院发布的《关于大力发展装配式建筑的指导意见》文件,装配式混凝土结构成为各区域现在及未来主要的建造形式。钢筋桁架叠合板是预制装配式建筑中常见的楼板形式,相比其他形式叠合板具有设计和运用难度较低,且相比现浇板具有施工效率高、工期短等特点。
目前对叠合板受力性能的研究较多,对振动舒适度方向的研究还不成熟,国内外学者做了诸多研究,陈隽[1]主要从楼板自身特性、人致激励荷载模型、以及人-结构耦合振动等方面研究楼板舒适度。从楼板自身特性的研究方面,刘界鹏等[2]研究了预制带肋叠合板在人致荷载激励下的舒适度,采用峰值加速度限值与均方根峰值加速度限值评价叠合板舒适度。管宇等[3]对冷弯薄壁型钢-压型钢板进行静力挠度试验和自振频率分析。姜岚等[4]研究了协同式空腹夹层板的振动,并做舒适度评价。从荷载角度,庞瑞等[5]、王文康等[6]进行了装配式RC楼盖振动舒适度研究,分析了分布式连接的RC楼盖在踮脚和跳跃荷载下的竖向振动响应。王卫荣等[7]研究了双向人行荷载对精密试验室中板结构的影响。MOHD AZAMAN等[8]以实际工程为背景进行了楼板振动现场测试,研究了脚后跟落地引起的振动响应。MOHAMMED等[9]研究并提出了高频楼板在步行力作用下的振动模型。谢伟平等[10]针对大跨楼板,建立了人-板耦合振动模型,分析了人-板相互作用的振动特性。朱前坤等[11]通过理论分析,对装配式轻质楼盖振动舒适度,给出了考虑人-结构相互作用下耦合振动控制方程。
目前还没有学者对整体式连接的钢筋桁架叠合板的舒适度进行研究。本文以实际工程为背景,对整体式连接的钢筋桁架叠合楼板进行了竖向振动响应研究。试验设计了沿楼层高度不同叠合板、不同人致激励荷载和行走路径,分析结果对该楼叠合板舒适度做出评价;并用有限元软件进行模态分析,在建模基础上分析叠合板自振频率影响因素。
建筑结构及构件的振动,之所以会引起人的不舒适感,是因为人对结构和构件竖向振动的敏感度。将人作为一个动力系统,结构与人体软组织共振频率发生在3~12 Hz[12]。国内外规范根据频率限值法,对结构和构件的自振频率做出规范要求,如表1所示。
从人感知振动的敏锐程度方面,已有学者做了大量的试验与统计,总结出人感知振动峰值加速度的敏感性[12],如表2所示。
国内外已有研究从加速度限值角度对楼板的振动舒适度做出要求,如表3所示。
被测对象叠合板的尺寸如表4所示。6块板均由2块预制钢筋桁架叠合板整体式现浇连接,底板钢筋连接方式为135°弯钩连接,后浇带接缝宽度为300 mm,叠合板连接处构造如图1所示。叠合板的混凝土等级为C30,预制与现浇钢筋均采用8@200纵筋,桁架钢筋的规格为ɸ80。
试验开始前对被测楼板进行测点布置,每个叠合板布置3个测点,测点布置在沿板长中线四等分点处,各楼板测点布置如图2所示。
试验所采用的仪器有:北京东方所结构模态采集仪、笔记本电脑1台、941B竖向加速度传感器3个、DASP软件。
针对楼板自振频率的测试,采用自由振动法是给叠合板在一个冲击力作用产生自由振动,本试验是将单人原地跳荷载作为施加荷载,在人致跳跃后保持不动,采集叠合板振动数据[17]。针对楼板在不同荷载状态下的加速度响应,设置了3个人致激励荷载工况:单人行走、3人不同步行走和3人同步行走。试验工况设计如表5所示,试验过程施加荷载如图3所示。
通过DASP软件,对测试数据进行处理。在人致跳跃荷载下采集到的波形时程曲线如图4所示,对振动时域图进行傅里叶级数变换,得到叠合板频谱图,如图5所示。
5块叠合板的自振频率均在50 Hz,远大于混凝土设计规范中规定的大于4 Hz的频率限值要求[13]。因此,根据频率限值要求,被测的6块叠合板的振动舒适度符合规范要求。
试验采集了叠合板1在B、C、D、E、F这5个荷载形式下的振动加速度时程曲线,如图6所示,将跨中测点得到的峰值加速度代表叠合板振动峰值加速度,如图7所示。
图7可知,叠合板1在人致荷载激励下振动峰值加速度由大到小依次为3人同步行走、3人不同步行走、单人行走。单人行走荷载作用下,按照不同路径,叠合板的振动峰值加速度由大到小依次为工况D、工况C、工况B,三者差值小于0.5 mm/s2,表明楼板跨中振动加速度峰值与人行走路径无关。
根据JGJ 3—2010《高层建筑混凝土结构技术规程》[14]振动加速度峰值要求为小于50 mm/s2,单人行走荷载下,叠合板满足舒适度的要求。由于中国规范没有对不同荷载状况下叠合板的峰值加速度进行详细规定,3人同步行走和3人不同步行走峰值加速度,按照人对振动敏感程度属于可以感觉到和明显感觉到范围,按照AISC[16]对节律性荷载的规范,峰值加速度小于400 mm/s2,因此按照峰值加速度限值符合舒适度要求。
为了研究叠合板振动加速度是否随层高变化,测试了在工况B、工况C、工况D、工况E、工况F下,3层、6层、9层、12层、15层、18层、24层、27层、29层共10层叠合板1的加速度时程曲线,如图8给出了各楼层叠合板1在工况D下加速度时程曲线。取峰值加速度,得到楼层、加速度和工况关系图,如图9所示。
图9中可知,各人致激励荷载下,叠合板峰值加速度沿层高整体呈增长趋势。单人行走,3人不同步行走和3人同步行走的工况下,加速度峰值增长幅度均不同,3人不同步行走增长幅度较平缓,其次是3人同步行走,最后是单人行走。现场有多余的人行走对测试环境产生影响,造成9层和18层的加速度峰值有突变。单人行走在工况B、工况C、工况D下加速度峰值沿层高变化的曲线同样可以看出,叠合板在单人行走荷载下的峰值加速度与路径无关。
根据加速度峰值限值要求,小于50 mm/s2的楼板符合建筑舒适度的要求。由图9可知,在单人行走荷载下,24层楼及以下楼层,加速度峰值均在50 mm/s2以下,符合简述舒适度要求,而27层及29层略大于50 mm/s2。在3人不同步行走工况荷载下的加速度峰值在60~80 mm/s2范围内,在3人同步行走工况荷载下的加速度峰值在90~140 mm/s2范围内,均小于AISC[16]中对节律性荷载规范规定。
应用ABAQUS有限元软件建模分析,叠合板采用C30等级的混凝土,HRB400等级的钢筋。材料定义混凝土和钢筋的密度、弹性模量和泊松比。在接触定义中,考虑新旧混凝土之间的接触,定义为摩擦接触,切向接触定义为罚函数,摩擦系数设置为0.6,法向接触设置为“硬”接触[18]。钢筋和混凝土之间的接触定义为钢筋内置于混凝土。根据叠合板作为楼板的实际应用功能,将叠合板的边界条件设置为四边固支(U1=U2=U3=0,UR1=UR2=UR3=0)。对混凝土和钢筋网进行网格划分并进行单元定义,混凝土按照50 mm进行网格划分,钢筋按照10 mm进行网格划分,混凝土单元定义为八节点线性六面体C3D8R单元,钢筋单元定义为两节点线性三维T3D2桁架单元[19]
有限元模态分析后,得到叠合板一阶自振频率及振型,振型图如图10所示,自振频率有限元值与实测值如表6所示。
表6可知,叠合板自振频率有限元值与实测值差值较小,说明有限元能较好地模拟叠合板实际状况,模拟的自振频率能够说明叠合板的自振频率。
基于前文有限元建模分析叠合板自振频率,分析结果能较好地反映实际叠合板的自振频率的基础上,按照各叠合板的物理属性,建立同等条件下的现浇混凝土板,如图11所示。叠合板新老混凝土界面采用摩擦接触,接触系数设为0.6[18],边界条件为四边固支。经过有限元模态分析,得到现浇板的自振频率。叠合板自振频率计算差异分析比较混凝土楼板自振频率计算公式[20]
式中:D为板的弯曲刚度;为单位面积板的质量;a为楼板的长度或跨度;α为基频系数[20]
表7可知,同等条件下的现浇板的自振频率有限元值大于叠合板的自振频率有限元值。说明在同等条件下,依据楼板舒适度频率限值[14]要求,叠合板的舒适度小于现浇楼板舒适度。造成这一结果的原因与叠合板和现浇板的刚度和质量有关,在同等条件下,叠合板和现浇板内的钢筋分布不同,且叠合板内存在桁架钢筋,造成质量和刚度发生变化;且叠合板板底存在的新旧混凝土接触面影响叠合板的刚度。
目前还没有针对整体式连接的钢筋桁架叠合板自振频率的计算公式,依据混凝土板自振频率计算公式来计算叠合板的自振频率,与叠合板的有限元值对比分析,发现自振频率理论值大于有限元值,有限元计算值接近实测值,进而理论值较实测值偏大。说明该理论值对小跨楼板自振频率计算并不适用,且针对叠合板自振频率计算公式还有待修正。
钢筋桁架叠合板,底部钢筋和桁架钢筋在楼板截面的位置,决定楼板截面的惯性矩,进而影响混凝土楼板在荷载作用下的刚度,因而有必要研究板底保护层厚度对叠合板自振频率的影响[21]。在楼板总厚度、现浇层厚度、预制层厚度和钢筋桁架高度均一定的情况下,改变板底保护层厚度,研究叠合板自振频率的变化规律。在6块叠合板有限元建模的基础上,改变板底保护层厚度,范围为15~26 mm,进行模态分析,得到影响关系图,如图12所示。
桁架钢筋的高度影响叠合板截面惯性矩,进而影响叠合板的自振频率。基于叠合板桁架钢筋的设计,在叠合板1有限元模型基础上,设计5个桁架高度为70、75、80、85、90 mm,分析桁架钢筋的高度与叠合板自振频率的变化关系,如图13所示。
图12可知,随着板底保护层的增加,叠合板的自振频率呈现降低的趋势,且降低趋势呈线性降低。各块叠合板的自振频率的降低率均不同,叠合板1、叠合板2、叠合板3、叠合板4、叠合板5、叠合板6降低率分别为0.942%、0.740%、1.000%、0.930%、0.949%、0.997%,均在1%以内,降低率不大。
图13可知,叠合板桁架钢筋的高度在80 mm时,叠合板的自振频率最大,其次由大到小依次为90、85、75、70 mm。
钢筋和混凝土的密度、模量是叠合板自振频率的主要影响因素[21]。本文在建立有限元模型的基础上,在相同的条件下,改变混凝土与钢筋的密度比和弹性模量比,研究叠合板自振频率的变化,密度比影响叠合板自振频率曲线图如图14所示,模量比与自振频率关系图如图15所示。
图14可知,在相同条件下,叠合板自振频率随混凝土与钢筋密度比的增大而降低。在密度比小于0.25范围,自振频率降低幅度大;密度比在大于0.35范围,自振频率降低幅度小。结合实际工程,混凝土和钢筋的密度比在0.248~0.318范围内。
图15可知,叠合板自振频率随模量比的增大而增大。考虑实际叠合板设计,混凝土与钢筋的弹性模量比应在范围0.10~0.18内。
本文通过振动测试以及有限元分析,研究了叠合板的自振频率与各工况下的峰值加速度,并作舒适度评价,分析了影响叠合板自振频率的因素,主要结论如下:
1)叠合板峰值加速度,在人致激励作用下由大到小依次为3人同步行走、3人不同步行走、单人行走,且沿层高的增长而增大。
2)从截面惯性矩角度,底板钢筋距板底厚度、钢筋桁架高度影响叠合板自振频率,且前者越大,叠合板自振频率越小,降低率小于1%;后者在桁架高度为80 mm处自振频率达到最大。
3)从叠合板材料性质角度,混凝土和钢筋的密度比、弹性模量比会影响叠合板的自振频率,且前者越大叠合板自振频率越小,后者越大叠合板自振频率越大。
  • 陕西省重点研发计划(2023-YBSF-516)
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0215
  • 接收时间:2022-10-09
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-09
  • 修回日期:2023-02-15
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陕西省重点研发计划(2023-YBSF-516)
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    西安工程大学 城市规划与市政工程学院,陕西 西安 710048
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
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