Article(id=1245389863466418812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245389858412282468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0214, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1666713600000, receivedDateStr=2022-10-26, revisedDate=1670342400000, revisedDateStr=2022-12-07, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853681674, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853681674, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853681674, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853681674, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245389858412282468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='232', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853680470, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854277127, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392361031840387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245389858412282468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392361031840388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245389858412282468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=126, endPage=136, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245389863894237826, articleId=1245389863466418812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Research on seismic performance of tenon-socket prefabricated bridge pier, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

The socket connection is convenient in construction and has a large tolerance error, but the durability is poor. In order to improve the construction quality and optimize the durability, we proposed a new type of assembled bridge pier tenon-socket prefabricated bridge per by combining the wet joint connection technology of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). One tenon-socket prefabricated bridge per specimen and one comparative pier specimen (integral cast-in-place bridge pier) were designed and fabricated. The damage mechanism and seismic performance of the assembled specimens were studied by using the proposed static test method combined with numerical simulation. The test results show that: the damage of both specimens is mainly ductile damage in the form of bending damage, mainly manifested by a large amount of concrete crushing and spalling in the plastic hinge area at the bottom of the pier, while the damage of the assembled joint and grout is smaller, and the residual deformation of the assembled specimen is only 79.09% of the overall cast-in-place specimen when the ultimate load is reached, indicating that UHPC grout can enhance the damage tolerance of the pier and make it easier to repair after earthquakes. The tenon-socket prefabricated specimens with short socket depth and lap length of reinforcement achieve reliable connection, and exhibit bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and stiffness close to those of cast-in-place piers under the same hysteretic displacement. With socket depth of 0.4D(D is the width of the specimen section) and above, the joints are reliably connected, and the integrity and seismic performance are basically equivalent to those of cast-in-place. Increasing the modulus of elasticity of grout has an improvement effect on the stiffness of piers. The influence of longitudinal reinforcement diameter on the seismic performance of bridge piers is more significant than that of lap reinforcement in the abutment. Increasing the reinforcement rate of longitudinal reinforcement improves the horizontal bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity more obviously, but increases the residual deformation of bridge piers.

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承插式连接施工便捷,容许误差大,但耐久性较差。为提升施工质量和优化耐久性,结合超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)湿接缝连接技术,提出一种新型装配式桥墩———榫卯-承插装配式桥墩。设计制作1个榫卯-承插装配式桥墩试件和1个对比桥墩试件(整体现浇桥墩),采用拟静力试验方法,结合数值模拟研究该装配式试件的破坏机理和抗震性能。研究结果表明:在试验加载过程中,两试件破坏形式都是以弯曲破坏为主的延性破坏,主要表现为墩底塑性铰区混凝土大量压溃剥落,而装配式连接处承台及灌浆料的破坏较小,且在达到极限荷载时装配式试件残余变形仅为整体现浇试件的79.09%,表明UHPC灌浆料可提升桥墩损伤容限,使其震后更易修复;榫卯-承插装配式试件采用较短的承插深度及钢筋搭接长度达到可靠的连接效果,在相同滞回位移下表现出等同现浇桥墩的承载力、延性、耗能能力和刚度;承插深度在0.4DD为试件截面宽度)及以上时,接缝处连接可靠,整体性和抗震性能基本等同现浇;提高灌浆料弹性模量对桥墩刚度具有改善效果;纵筋直径对桥墩抗震性能的影响比承台搭接钢筋的影响更显著,增大纵筋配筋率对水平承载力和耗能能力的提升较为明显,但会增加桥墩残余变形。

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亓兴军(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事桥梁健康监测与抗震防灾研究。E-mail:
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米家禾(1997—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事预制拼装桥墩抗震研究。E-mail:

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米家禾(1997—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事预制拼装桥墩抗震研究。E-mail:

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language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Main design parameters of specimens

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试件墩柱高度/mm纵筋纵筋用钢量/kg纵筋配筋率/%箍筋体积配箍率/%
整体式230081637.41.01非加密区:8@1001.27
装配式252081636.51.01加密区:8@601.27
), ArticleFig(id=1245389880965054886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389863466418812, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

试件主要设计参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试件墩柱高度/mm纵筋纵筋用钢量/kg纵筋配筋率/%箍筋体积配箍率/%
整体式230081637.41.01非加密区:8@1001.27
装配式252081636.51.01加密区:8@601.27
), ArticleFig(id=1245389881183158706, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389863466418812, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Characteristic load and displacement

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试件初始刚度/(kN/mm)屈服点峰值点极限点延性系数
屈服荷载/kN屈服位移/mm峰值荷载/kN峰值位移/mm极限荷载/kN极限位移/mm
整体式11.5381.7216.43103.9159.9388.3390.425.50
装配式10.4183.9915.49103.8039.9088.2386.885.61
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特征荷载与位移

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试件初始刚度/(kN/mm)屈服点峰值点极限点延性系数
屈服荷载/kN屈服位移/mm峰值荷载/kN峰值位移/mm极限荷载/kN极限位移/mm
整体式11.5381.7216.43103.9159.9388.3390.425.50
装配式10.4183.9915.49103.8039.9088.2386.885.61
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Comparison between simulated values and experimental values

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试件屈服荷载屈服位移极限荷载极限位移
试验/kN模拟/kN误差%试验/mm模拟/mm误差%试验/kN模拟/kN误差%试验/mm模拟/mm误差%
整体式81.7280.84-1.0816.4314.90-9.3188.3391.833.9690.4287.68-3.03
装配式83.9987.944.7015.4913.4912.9188.2396.189.0186.8886.53-0.40
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模拟值与试验值对比

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试件屈服荷载屈服位移极限荷载极限位移
试验/kN模拟/kN误差%试验/mm模拟/mm误差%试验/kN模拟/kN误差%试验/mm模拟/mm误差%
整体式81.7280.84-1.0816.4314.90-9.3188.3391.833.9690.4287.68-3.03
装配式83.9987.944.7015.4913.4912.9188.2396.189.0186.8886.53-0.40
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Impact analysis of steel configuration

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钢筋配置工况初始刚度/(kN/mm)屈服荷载/kN峰值荷载/kN残余位移/mm总耗能/(kN•mm)
墩柱配筋率/%搭接钢筋直径/mm
1.011614.3983.99113.1731.8354093.51
1.271614.72104.40131.5934.4060693.20
1.571615.07120.81148.1736.4066465.39
1.011814.4288.19113.6031.8654590.59
1.012014.4488.16113.9633.0754916.69
), ArticleFig(id=1245389881829081563, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389863466418812, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

钢筋配置影响分析

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钢筋配置工况初始刚度/(kN/mm)屈服荷载/kN峰值荷载/kN残余位移/mm总耗能/(kN•mm)
墩柱配筋率/%搭接钢筋直径/mm
1.011614.3983.99113.1731.8354093.51
1.271614.72104.40131.5934.4060693.20
1.571615.07120.81148.1736.4066465.39
1.011814.4288.19113.6031.8654590.59
1.012014.4488.16113.9633.0754916.69
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榫卯-承插装配式桥墩抗震性能研究
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米家禾 1 , 亓兴军 1 , 王宁宁 2 , 杨宇 3 , 管青海 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(2): 126-136
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(2): 126-136
榫卯-承插装配式桥墩抗震性能研究
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米家禾1 , 亓兴军1 , 王宁宁2, 杨宇3, 管青海1
作者信息
  • 1.山东建筑大学 交通工程学院,山东 济南 250101
  • 2.济南金曰公路工程有限公司,山东 济南 250220
  • 3.湖南中路华程桥梁科技股份有限公司,湖南 湘潭 411100
  • 米家禾(1997—),男,硕士研究生,主要从事预制拼装桥墩抗震研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

亓兴军(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事桥梁健康监测与抗震防灾研究。E-mail:
Research on seismic performance of tenon-socket prefabricated bridge pier
Jiahe MI1 , Xingjun QI1 , Ningning WANG2, Yu YANG3, Qinghai GUAN1
Affiliations
  • 1.School of Transportation Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
  • 2.Jinan Kingyue Highway Engineering Co., Ltd., Jinan 250220, China
  • 3.Hunan Zhonglu Huacheng Bridge Technology Co., Ltd., Xiangtan 411100, China
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0214
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承插式连接施工便捷,容许误差大,但耐久性较差。为提升施工质量和优化耐久性,结合超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)湿接缝连接技术,提出一种新型装配式桥墩———榫卯-承插装配式桥墩。设计制作1个榫卯-承插装配式桥墩试件和1个对比桥墩试件(整体现浇桥墩),采用拟静力试验方法,结合数值模拟研究该装配式试件的破坏机理和抗震性能。研究结果表明:在试验加载过程中,两试件破坏形式都是以弯曲破坏为主的延性破坏,主要表现为墩底塑性铰区混凝土大量压溃剥落,而装配式连接处承台及灌浆料的破坏较小,且在达到极限荷载时装配式试件残余变形仅为整体现浇试件的79.09%,表明UHPC灌浆料可提升桥墩损伤容限,使其震后更易修复;榫卯-承插装配式试件采用较短的承插深度及钢筋搭接长度达到可靠的连接效果,在相同滞回位移下表现出等同现浇桥墩的承载力、延性、耗能能力和刚度;承插深度在0.4DD为试件截面宽度)及以上时,接缝处连接可靠,整体性和抗震性能基本等同现浇;提高灌浆料弹性模量对桥墩刚度具有改善效果;纵筋直径对桥墩抗震性能的影响比承台搭接钢筋的影响更显著,增大纵筋配筋率对水平承载力和耗能能力的提升较为明显,但会增加桥墩残余变形。

超高性能混凝土  /  装配式桥墩  /  拟静力试验  /  抗震性能  /  数值模拟

The socket connection is convenient in construction and has a large tolerance error, but the durability is poor. In order to improve the construction quality and optimize the durability, we proposed a new type of assembled bridge pier tenon-socket prefabricated bridge per by combining the wet joint connection technology of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). One tenon-socket prefabricated bridge per specimen and one comparative pier specimen (integral cast-in-place bridge pier) were designed and fabricated. The damage mechanism and seismic performance of the assembled specimens were studied by using the proposed static test method combined with numerical simulation. The test results show that: the damage of both specimens is mainly ductile damage in the form of bending damage, mainly manifested by a large amount of concrete crushing and spalling in the plastic hinge area at the bottom of the pier, while the damage of the assembled joint and grout is smaller, and the residual deformation of the assembled specimen is only 79.09% of the overall cast-in-place specimen when the ultimate load is reached, indicating that UHPC grout can enhance the damage tolerance of the pier and make it easier to repair after earthquakes. The tenon-socket prefabricated specimens with short socket depth and lap length of reinforcement achieve reliable connection, and exhibit bearing capacity, ductility, energy dissipation capacity and stiffness close to those of cast-in-place piers under the same hysteretic displacement. With socket depth of 0.4D(D is the width of the specimen section) and above, the joints are reliably connected, and the integrity and seismic performance are basically equivalent to those of cast-in-place. Increasing the modulus of elasticity of grout has an improvement effect on the stiffness of piers. The influence of longitudinal reinforcement diameter on the seismic performance of bridge piers is more significant than that of lap reinforcement in the abutment. Increasing the reinforcement rate of longitudinal reinforcement improves the horizontal bearing capacity and energy dissipation capacity more obviously, but increases the residual deformation of bridge piers.

ultra-high performance concrete  /  prefabricated bridge pier  /  quasi static test  /  seismic performance  /  numerical simulation
米家禾, 亓兴军, 王宁宁, 杨宇, 管青海. 榫卯-承插装配式桥墩抗震性能研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (2) : 126 -136 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0214
Jiahe MI, Xingjun QI, Ningning WANG, Yu YANG, Qinghai GUAN. Research on seismic performance of tenon-socket prefabricated bridge pier[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (2) : 126 -136 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0214
近年来,预制拼装桥墩发展迅速[1-3],因其施工速度快、对周围环境影响小等特点,在城市桥梁与跨海大桥施工中得到广泛应用[4-5],但是预制拼装桥墩也存在施工困难及抗震性能不足等问题,学者与工程师们为此提出许多改进措施[6-8]。其中,承插式连接技术和高性能新材料的兴起为解决上述问题提供了新的发展方向。
承插式连接技术工序简单,施工精度要求低,在合理的承插深度设计下,承插式试件的抗震性能和现浇试件基本一致[9]。超高性能混凝土(ultra-high performance concrete,UHPC)具有高强度、高韧性和高耐久性等优秀力学性能,有着良好的工程应用前景[10]。因此,采用UHPC优化预制构件接缝处连接的可靠性和装配式桥墩的抗震性能成为了国内外学者研究的热点。张阳等[11]在钢筋混凝土结构上后浇UHPC对其加固,研究UHPC与普通混凝土交界面处抗剪性能,结果表明后浇UHPC加固钢混结构其交界面抗剪强度高、耐久性好,未发生收缩开裂等病害;徐艳等[12]研究灌浆料对承插式桥墩的影响,发现试件的水平抗推刚度随着灌浆料弹性模量的增加而增加,灌浆料的厚度影响不大;TAZARV等[13-14]将UHPC作为灌浆材料测试与钢筋黏结性能,结果表明UHPC与钢筋之间的黏结力是普通混凝土材料的8倍,可在较短的钢筋搭接长度下保证预制节段的连接;耿佳硕[15]、赵卓等[16]通过UHPC连接装配式桥墩,保证相邻构件钢筋锚固长度大于10 dd为纵筋直径)情况下研究其抗震性能,结果表明,采用UHPC材料连接的装配式桥墩具有良好抗震性能,与整体现浇桥墩基本一致。
传统承插式桥墩对承插深度设计要求较高,导致预制墩重量大,不易运输和吊装,并且连接处耐久性不足。因此,为进一步减小承插深度,减轻预制墩吊装重量,优化承插式桥墩耐久性、提升损伤容限,本文提出一种采用UHPC连接的榫卯-承插装配式桥墩,该连接方式既发挥出承插式桥墩连接可靠、施工快速、工序简单等特点[17-18],又充分利用UHPC的高性能进一步优化抗侧向力性能和装配质量。本文通过拟静力试验和数值模拟,对比采用UHPC连接的榫卯-承插装配式桥墩和整体现浇桥墩的破坏形式和抗震性能差异,并在验证有限元模型正确性的基础上,对承插深度、灌浆料性能和钢筋配置进行参数分析,研究其对装配式桥墩抗震性能的影响。
拟静力试验设计制作了2个桥墩试件,包括整体现浇桥墩和榫卯-承插装配式预制装配桥墩。榫卯-承插装配式连接构造示意图如图1(a)所示,其中预制墩柱纵筋与承台凹槽内预埋钢筋内外搭接布置,采用UHPC将相邻预制构件连接成整体,该连接的基本要求是相邻构件钢筋搭接长度不低于10倍纵筋直径;凹槽尺寸需保证承台预埋搭接钢筋有足够保护层厚度。2个试件具体构造尺寸如图1(b)~(e)所示,其截面均为400 mm×400 mm矩形截面,墩柱与承台采用C40级混凝土,灌浆料采用UHPC,并在浇筑时分别取样,测得2个试件混凝土立方体抗压强度分别为47.21、45.05 MPa,承台UHPC灌浆料试块抗压强度均值为113.17 MPa;试件主要设计参数如表1所示,其中2个试件纵筋选用直径16 mm的HRB400热轧带肋钢筋,箍筋和拉筋选用直径8 mm的HRB400螺纹钢筋,纵筋通过拉伸试验测得的屈服强度为439.1 MPa,极限强度为603.9 MPa。
试验加载设备如图2所示,为模拟实桥中上部结构传递给下部结构的竖向力,本文试验的恒载轴压比采用0.10,即墩柱顶部需要施加的竖向恒载为376 kN,采用竖向千斤顶进行加载直到试验结束;水平向加载采用100 t的MTS液压伺服作动器施加水平往复荷载,在东西方向采用控制位移加载方式,0~20 mm逐级增加2 mm,20~50 mm逐级增加5 mm,50 mm荷载以后每级增加10 mm,每级加载等级循环3次,加载至试件强度达到最大强度的85%,结束加载。
整体式试件在加载初期处于弹性阶段;当水平位移加载至4 mm时,距墩底30~50 cm处开始出现细微裂缝,开裂荷载约为36.41 kN;当水平位移加载至18 mm时,西侧墩底处主筋最大应变达到2200 με,表示钢筋已屈服;位移加载至45 mm时,东南柱脚出现混凝土压碎剥落现象;位移加载至60 mm时,试件墩底混凝土大量压碎,加载过程中伴有钢筋滑移声响;位移加载至100 mm时,承载力下降到82.44 kN,低于最大承载力的85%,试验结束。
整体式试件试验完成后得到最终破坏状态如图3所示,由图可知:墩底混凝土压溃范围为150~200 mm,约为0.5DD为墩柱截面宽度);混凝土最大剥落高度达45 cm,出现在西北柱脚处;清除承台上破碎混凝土,可观察到东西两侧墩底混凝土保护层均压碎剥落、箍筋外露、主筋屈曲。
装配式试件在加载初期同样处于弹性阶段,在墩顶水平位移加载至4 mm时,在距墩底25~60 mm范围内出现多条细微裂缝,开裂荷载约为37.52 kN;当水平位移加载至18 mm时,墩柱多条裂缝继续延伸,在东北与西南柱脚处混凝土开裂较严重,并且西侧墩底纵筋达到屈服应变;当水平位移加载至40 mm时,墩柱底部与承台接缝处张开达到5 mm,墩底混凝土部分脱落;当水平位移加载至60 mm时,加载侧柱脚产生大量劈裂裂缝,墩底混凝土剥落严重,在加载过程中试件内部产生异响;当水平位移加载至90 mm时,承载力下降到97.76 kN,低于最大承载力的85%,试件破坏,加载结束。
装配式试件试验完成后清除承台上破碎混凝土得到最终破坏状态如图4所示,由图可知,墩底混凝土破坏高度为200 mm,约为0.5D,与整体式试件破坏高度相似,东西侧墩底混凝土保护层剥落严重、箍筋外露、主筋屈曲。
2个试件都呈现出以弯曲破坏为主的延性破坏。在整体式试件中,由于试件整体性强,墩柱与承台混凝土变形一致,所以墩柱底部破坏的同时承台也出现较严重的混凝土压碎现象;在装配式试件加载过程中,连接预制墩柱与承台的灌浆料未见明显损伤,是因为UHPC抗压强度远大于普通混凝土,在力从墩柱传递给承台时墩底混凝土率先破坏。因此,从试验最终破坏状态来看榫卯-承插装配式试件相比于现浇试件损伤程度较轻,震后更易加固修复。
试验测得2个试件的水平荷载-位移滞回曲线如图5所示,由图可知,在加载初期,2个试件均属于弹性变形,滞回曲线分布集中呈线性变化,随着水平位移增大,2个试件的滞回曲线斜率逐级下降,并在同等级加载下斜率也在逐渐降低,是由于试件出现混凝土开裂、钢筋屈服和接缝张开等现象导致刚度退化,随着荷载等级以及循环次数的增加,试件损伤也随之加剧,2个试件的滞回曲线都逐渐呈现为“梭形”,曲线比较饱满,反映出榫卯-承插装配式试件装配式具有与现浇试件整体式同样良好的塑性变形能力和耗能性能。
结合试验所得荷载-位移滞回曲线,连接各级加载首次循环峰值点得到骨架曲线,如图6所示。由图可知,骨架曲线处于上升段时,2个试件骨架曲线基本重合,刚度较大且几乎没有退化,试件承载力迅速增长;在试件屈服前,装配式试件水平抗推刚度逐渐大于整体式试件,是由于榫卯-承插装配式试件受损程度较小,使其刚度退化速度更慢;进入屈服阶段后,装配式试件率先达到峰值点,并保持较长一段相对平缓的下降段,直到墩底混凝土大量破坏承载力才出现迅速下降。
根据2个试件骨架曲线对比(图6),可以分别得到试件屈服荷载与位移、极限荷载与位移以及延性系数。由于骨架曲线中没有明显屈服点,因此,本文采用通用屈服弯矩法确定试件屈服位移。试件极限位移为水平荷载下降到峰值荷载的85%时的墩顶位移。桥墩的延性系数是评价桥梁抗震能力强弱的重要指标,其表达式为
式中:Δμ为极限位移;Δy为屈服位移。
表2为骨架曲线所得特征点与式(1)所计算出的延性系数,可以看出,装配式试件承载力与整体式试件相似,其屈服荷载位移和极限荷载位移与整体式试件基本一致,在2个试件相同纵筋配筋率下,由于承插式连接柱脚位置抗侧约束较强,表现出与整体桥墩相似的延性,2个试件延性系数仅相差2.0%,从而表明采用UHPC连接的榫卯-承插装配式桥墩在强度没有显著退化的情况下,具有良好的非弹性变形的能力。
试件在往复加载作用下,墩柱外侧混凝土受拉产生开裂导致结构刚度逐渐降低,刚度退化程度用退化系数表示,由图7表2可知,整体式试件由于整体性更强,故初始刚度略优于装配式试件,但在加载过程中装配式试件刚度退化系数略大于整体式试件,这是由于接缝处连接可靠且损伤较小。因此,在抗侧向刚度和刚度保持能力方面二者基本等同。
峰值位移耗能是指每级加载的耗能量,累积耗能是指整个加载过程中总耗能量。峰值位移耗能和累积耗能都是评价结构耗能能力的重要抗震指标。
2个试件每级加载时的峰值位移耗能曲线和累积耗能对比如图8所示。由图可知,在加载位移达到20 mm以前,整体式试件与装配式试件耗能能力相当,从25 mm加载位移开始,装配式试件的耗能逐渐高于整体式试件,并在其加载至极限位移时累积耗能高出整体式试件2.16%,但从整个加载的总耗能来看,装配式试件略差于整体式试件。因此,榫卯-承插装配式桥墩试件具有良好的耗能能力,基本等同于现浇桥墩。
2个试件的残余位移随荷载等级变化趋势对比如图9所示,残余位移取3次循环中残余位移平均值,其中,在滞回位移小于18 mm时,2个试件残余位移曲线基本重合,残余位移均较小可以忽略;在滞回位移大于18 mm后,随着2个试件损伤程度加重,残余位移快速增大,装配式试件在正向的残余位移逐渐小于整体式试件;在装配式试件达到极限位移时,其残余位移为整体式试件的79.09%,该现象可能是由于:采用UHPC-搭接钢筋连接可以有效降低接缝处的损伤,约束裂缝的发展,降低残余变形。表明榫卯-承插装配式桥墩在震后易于复位及修复。
本文基于有限元分析软件ABAQUS按照实际试件尺寸建立整体式、装配式试件的有限元模型,对2个试件模型进行非线性有限元分析。
混凝土本构采用塑性损伤模型,单轴应力-应变关系根据GB 50010—2010《混凝土结构设计规范》[19]所给出参数计算,钢筋采用Clough双折线模型,UHPC本构根据杨剑等[20]、张哲等[21]所提出的公式计算。混凝土和UHPC灌浆料均采用实体单元C3D8R,钢筋采用桁架单元T3D2并通过Embedded嵌入混凝土单元中。装配式试件的墩柱缩进段不仅要承插在承台凹槽内,还要与UHPC灌浆料发生接触,故将UHPC与原构件混凝土接触面采用面面接触,法向行为采用“硬接触”,切向行为采用“罚函数”,在承台凹槽内UHPC灌浆料与混凝土接触部位设置0.6的摩擦系数。
2个试件在达到屈服荷载时的应力云图如图10所示,可以看出模拟结果与试验现象基本一致,整体式试件在达到屈服荷载时应力集中于墩底潜在塑性铰区域,装配式试件混凝土在墩柱底部接缝处附近应力较为集中,在墩底柱角处的局部应力最大,并且具有逐渐向上发展的趋势,应力云图中应力集中位置与试验中大宽度裂缝产生位置基本一致。
基于上述试件建立的模型完成拟静力试验数值模拟得到试验值与模拟值对比,如图11所示。由图可知,数值模拟滞回曲线与试验值滞回曲线整体拟合较好,滞回曲线模拟值的刚度上升、刚度卸载、耗能能力和残余位移与试验值均较为接近,能很好地反映出2个试件的滞回特性。但在数值模拟中,其滞回曲线在正负向加载中更加对称,而试验得到滞回曲线并不完全对称,这是由于试验过程中存在较小的不可避免的误差,在文献[22-23]中均出现此现象。试验值与模拟值的滞回曲线力学特征参数对比如表3所示。由表可知,2个试件的抗震性能力学参数模拟值相对于试验值的误差最大不超过12.91%。数值和试验之间的误差来源于多个方面,包括边界条件、模型材料和网格划分等,模拟值与试验值出现最大误差的力学特征是屈服位移,是由于数值模型接缝处刚度较大,不能及时反映墩底处损伤对整体刚度的影响,使桥墩模型更快达到屈服点。总之,有限元模型对榫卯-承插装配式桥墩的承载力、刚度和延性等抗震指标有较高程度的拟合。
榫卯-承插装配式桥墩兼具了承插式连接与湿接缝连接的优点,可在较短的承插深度下保证相邻构件稳定的连接效果,并且具有良好的耐久性和受力特征。在确定有限元模型正确性的基础上,进一步研究承插深度对榫卯-承插装配式桥墩抗震性能的影响。
不同承插深度下骨架曲线对比和总耗能随承插深度的变化曲线分别如图12图13所示。由图可知,墩柱承插深度在0.4DD为墩柱直径)以上时,承载力、刚度和耗能随承插深度的变化不大;在承插深度低于时0.4D时,耗能总量、初始刚度和屈服位移随承插深度的减小迅速降低。说明榫卯-承插式连接仅需0.4D承插深度和不小于10d的钢筋搭接长度即可保证接缝处连接,达到与整体现浇墩柱相似的抗震受力性能。
本文设计的榫卯-承插装配式桥墩中承台凹槽宽度只保证搭接钢筋保护层厚度,就达到基本等同现浇的连接效果和抗震性能,因此不针对灌浆料厚度进行讨论。为研究灌浆料弹性模量对墩柱抗震性能的影响,分别取45、50、55、60 GPa的弹性模量进行对比。
不同灌浆料弹性模量的总耗能和初始刚度对比,如图14所示。由图可知,灌浆料弹性模量对耗能影响不大,从45~60 GPa的弹性模量变化过程中,耗能能力没有明显变化,但初始刚度随弹性模量的增大呈现递增趋势。
在榫卯-承插装配式桥墩中,相邻构件通过搭接钢筋与UHPC优异的黏结性能来保证可靠连接,因此墩柱纵筋和承台预留搭接钢筋的配置对构件连接效果和抗震性能影响较大。
不同墩柱配筋率下骨架曲线对比如图15所示,搭接段处钢筋配置对桥墩力学性能的影响对比如表4所示,结合图15表4可知,纵筋直径对榫卯-承插装配桥墩力学性能影响较大。随着墩柱配筋率由1.01%增加至1.57%,其屈服荷载和峰值位移分别增大了43.84%和30.93%,而且初始刚度和耗能与墩柱配筋率呈现正相关关系,纵筋直径由16 mm增至20 mm,初始刚度和单次循环最大耗能量分别提升了4.72%、22.87%,但是装配式桥墩残余变形量也随着配筋率的提高而增大。
不同承台预埋钢筋直径下骨架曲线对比如图16所示,结合表4可知,相较于墩柱纵筋,承台预埋钢筋直径变化对于桥墩抗震性能影响不够明显。增大搭接钢筋直径对于桥墩刚度、承载力、残余变形和耗能能力的改善较小。
本文结合承插式连接技术的便利性和超高性能混凝土优越的力学性能提出一种新型的装配式连接技术,设计了整体现浇桥墩试件和榫卯-承插装配式桥墩试件进行拟静力试验,结合数值模拟研究了该装配式桥墩的损伤过程和抗震性能,主要结论如下:
1)整体式试件和装配式试件均呈现出以弯曲破坏为主的延性破坏,但装配式试件损伤程度较轻;接缝连接采用抗压强度较大的UHPC灌浆料,在墩柱弯折过程中不易被压碎,保证了墩柱-承台连接节点受力性的稳定性。
2)装配式试件滞回曲线呈现出与整体式试件相似的梭形,具有良好的塑性变形能力和耗能能力;其承载力、初始刚度、刚度保持能力和位移延性系数均可达到整体现浇试件水平;在相同滞回位移下,装配式试件的残余位移仅为整体式试件的79.09%。榫卯-承插装配式桥墩具有良好的使用性能和抗震性能。
3)两桥墩模型应力云图中应力集中位置与试验中大宽度裂缝产生的位置基本一致;各项力学参数的试验值与模拟值最大误差为12.91%,其余参数误差均在10%以下,表明有限元模型对于该装配式桥墩的理论分析较为准确,可为抗震性能参数模拟研究提供参考。
4)承插深度对于榫卯-承插装配式桥墩有较大影响,在承插深度达到0.4D及以上时,榫卯-承插装配式试件可保证良好的受力性能,其整体性和抗震性能基本与现浇试件一致;灌浆料厚度对试件抗震性能影响不大,保证搭接钢筋保护层厚度即可,而灌浆料弹性模量的提升可以增大试件水平抗推刚度;纵筋直径对桥墩抗震性能的影响比承台搭接钢筋的影响更显著,增大墩柱配筋率对墩柱水平承载力、刚度和耗能能力的提升较为明显,但同时也会增大残余变形。
5)本文采用拟静力试验结合有限元分析对榫卯-承插装配式连接桥墩抗震性能及影响参数进行研究,但缺少对其地震响应的研究。后续应采用振动台试验法进一步探究不同地震波激励方向和地震波特性下抗震性能评估结果。
  • 山东省交通运输厅科技计划项目(2022B06; 2020B69)
  • 山东省高等学校土木结构防灾减灾协同创新中心项目(XTM201904)
  • 山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021ME104)
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2024年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0214
  • 接收时间:2022-10-26
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-10-26
  • 修回日期:2022-12-07
基金
山东省交通运输厅科技计划项目(2022B06; 2020B69)
山东省高等学校土木结构防灾减灾协同创新中心项目(XTM201904)
山东省自然科学基金面上项目(ZR2021ME104)
作者信息
    1.山东建筑大学 交通工程学院,山东 济南 250101
    2.济南金曰公路工程有限公司,山东 济南 250220
    3.湖南中路华程桥梁科技股份有限公司,湖南 湘潭 411100

通讯作者:

亓兴军(1974—),男,教授,博士,主要从事桥梁健康监测与抗震防灾研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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