Article(id=1245389860891112199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245389858412282468, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0209, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1659888000000, receivedDateStr=2022-08-08, revisedDate=1665158400000, revisedDateStr=2022-10-08, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1774853681060, onlineDateStr=2026-03-30, pubDate=null, pubDateStr=null, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1774853681060, onlineIssueDateStr=2026-03-30, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1774853681060, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774853681060, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1245389858412282468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, year='2024', volume='44', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='232', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=null, createTime=1774853680470, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1774854277127, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1245392361031840387, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245389858412282468, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1245392361031840388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, issueId=1245389858412282468, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=81, endPage=88, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1245389861474120462, articleId=1245389860891112199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, language=EN, title=Experimental study on a shape memory alloy semi-active TMD system, columnId=null, journalTitle=Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, columnName=null, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Due to the problem that the tuned mass damper (TMD) system is easy to be off-tuned when applied to light structures, which leads to the decline of vibration reduction effect, a new shape memory alloy semi-active TMD system is designed in this paper. The system uses steel cables to suspend the mass to bear all its weight. Large shape memory alloy bars with rectangular effective cross sections are used to provide different bending stiffness in the two directions of the TMD system in the horizontal plane. In order to study the semi-active performance of the system, a full-scale shape memory alloy TMD system was subjected to free vibration tests in this paper. By changing the working temperature of the shape memory alloy, the influence of temperature change on the frequency and damping ratio of the TMD system was studied. The test results show that by controlling the working temperature of the shape memory alloy from -40 ℃ to 80 ℃, the frequency of the TMD system shows an increasing trend with temperature increases, while the damping ratio shows a decreasing trend with the temperature increases. The results show that the new shape memory alloy semi-active TMD system is applied to controlled structures, and once the TMD is off-tuned, it can be re-tuned by changing the temperature of the shape memory alloy. Therefore, the new shape memory alloy TMD system designed in this paper has certain engineering application value and prospect for the study of light structure vibration reduction.

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针对调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)系统应用于轻型结构时易失调从而导致减振效果下降的问题,提出了一种新型形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统。该系统利用钢索悬吊质量块并承担其全部重量,使用有效截面为矩形的大尺寸镍钛形状记忆合金棒材,提供TMD系统水平面2个方向不同的抗弯刚度。为了研究该系统的半主动性能,进行了足尺形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统的自由振动试验,通过改变形状记忆合金的工作温度,研究了温度变化对TMD系统频率及阻尼比的影响。研究结果表明,控制形状记忆合金工作温度从-40~+80 ℃,TMD系统的频率随温度升高呈现升高趋势,而阻尼比随温度升高呈现下降趋势。将该新型形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统应用于受控结构中,一旦TMD失调,可以通过改变形状记忆合金的温度使其重新调谐。因此,设计的新型形状记忆合金TMD系统在轻型结构减振研究中具有一定的工程应用价值和前景。

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黄浩宇(1990—),男,讲师,博士,主要从事现代木结构减震研究。E-mail:
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闫路悦(1997—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事现代木结构减震研究。E-mail:

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闫路悦(1997—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事现代木结构减震研究。E-mail:

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journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860891112199, language=CN, label=图5, caption=SMA-TMD在xy方向随温度变化的等效刚度曲线, figureFileSmall=SotproBtZTVA6kgUM0BKCw==, figureFileBig=FX/I5MyKSMYZKd6aYKmDhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1245389872505139313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860891112199, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

SMA-TMD free vibration test schemes at different temperature

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方向试验编号SMA工作温度/℃方向试验编号SMA工作温度/℃
1-4014-40
2-3015-30
3-2016-20
4-1017-10
50180
6101910
x方向720y方向2020
8302130
9402240
10502350
11602460
12702570
13802680
), ArticleFig(id=1245389872765186169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1241701559352995854, articleId=1245389860891112199, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同温度下SMA-TMD自由振动试验方案

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方向试验编号SMA工作温度/℃方向试验编号SMA工作温度/℃
1-4014-40
2-3015-30
3-2016-20
4-1017-10
50180
6101910
x方向720y方向2020
8302130
9402240
10502350
11602460
12702570
13802680
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一种形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统的试验研究
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闫路悦 1 , 黄浩宇 2 , 李易 1
地震工程与工程振动 | 2024,44(2): 81-88
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地震工程与工程振动 | 2024, 44(2): 81-88
一种形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统的试验研究
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闫路悦1 , 黄浩宇2 , 李易1
作者信息
  • 1.北京工业大学 工程抗震与结构诊治北京市重点实验室,北京 100124
  • 2.纽卡斯尔大学 工程学院,纽卡斯尔 NE17RU
  • 闫路悦(1997—),女,硕士研究生,主要从事现代木结构减震研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

黄浩宇(1990—),男,讲师,博士,主要从事现代木结构减震研究。E-mail:
Experimental study on a shape memory alloy semi-active TMD system
Luyue YAN1 , Haoyu HUANG2 , Yi LI1
Affiliations
  • 1.Beijing Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Structural Retrofit, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
  • 2.School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE17RU, UK
doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0209
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针对调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)系统应用于轻型结构时易失调从而导致减振效果下降的问题,提出了一种新型形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统。该系统利用钢索悬吊质量块并承担其全部重量,使用有效截面为矩形的大尺寸镍钛形状记忆合金棒材,提供TMD系统水平面2个方向不同的抗弯刚度。为了研究该系统的半主动性能,进行了足尺形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统的自由振动试验,通过改变形状记忆合金的工作温度,研究了温度变化对TMD系统频率及阻尼比的影响。研究结果表明,控制形状记忆合金工作温度从-40~+80 ℃,TMD系统的频率随温度升高呈现升高趋势,而阻尼比随温度升高呈现下降趋势。将该新型形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统应用于受控结构中,一旦TMD失调,可以通过改变形状记忆合金的温度使其重新调谐。因此,设计的新型形状记忆合金TMD系统在轻型结构减振研究中具有一定的工程应用价值和前景。

振动控制  /  半主动控制  /  形状记忆合金  /  调谐质量阻尼器  /  失调

Due to the problem that the tuned mass damper (TMD) system is easy to be off-tuned when applied to light structures, which leads to the decline of vibration reduction effect, a new shape memory alloy semi-active TMD system is designed in this paper. The system uses steel cables to suspend the mass to bear all its weight. Large shape memory alloy bars with rectangular effective cross sections are used to provide different bending stiffness in the two directions of the TMD system in the horizontal plane. In order to study the semi-active performance of the system, a full-scale shape memory alloy TMD system was subjected to free vibration tests in this paper. By changing the working temperature of the shape memory alloy, the influence of temperature change on the frequency and damping ratio of the TMD system was studied. The test results show that by controlling the working temperature of the shape memory alloy from -40 ℃ to 80 ℃, the frequency of the TMD system shows an increasing trend with temperature increases, while the damping ratio shows a decreasing trend with the temperature increases. The results show that the new shape memory alloy semi-active TMD system is applied to controlled structures, and once the TMD is off-tuned, it can be re-tuned by changing the temperature of the shape memory alloy. Therefore, the new shape memory alloy TMD system designed in this paper has certain engineering application value and prospect for the study of light structure vibration reduction.

vibration control  /  semi-active control  /  shape memory alloy (SMA)  /  tuned mass damper(TMD)  /  off-tuned
闫路悦, 黄浩宇, 李易. 一种形状记忆合金半主动TMD系统的试验研究. 地震工程与工程振动, 2024 , 44 (2) : 81 -88 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0209
Luyue YAN, Haoyu HUANG, Yi LI. Experimental study on a shape memory alloy semi-active TMD system[J]. Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Dynamics, 2024 , 44 (2) : 81 -88 . DOI: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0209
调谐质量阻尼器(tuned mass damper,TMD)广泛应用于工程结构减震控制。研究发现TMD对频率调谐非常敏感且有效频带较窄,在实际应用中很难准确得到受控结构的自然频率,安装TMD之后受控结构也依旧存在频率漂移的可能[1],尤其对于一些轻型结构,如轻型钢结构、木结构等,结构自然频率受外界影响较大,更容易导致TMD失调。应用半主动TMD系统是解决TMD失调的有效方法之一,半主动控制依靠较少的外部能源,利用输入的信息改变TMD系统的阻尼和刚度,兼具主动控制和被动控制的优点,减振性能优于被动式TMD,与主动TMD相比更加节能[2-4]
形状记忆合金(shape memory alloy,SMA)是一种具有形状记忆效应和超弹性效应的智能材料,具有独特的相变特性。SMA的相变温度为AsAfMsMf,其中As和Af分别为SMA奥氏体相变的起始和结束温度,MsMf分别为SMA马氏体相变的起始和结束温度。当工作温度高于Af时,SMA发生相变至奥氏体并表现超弹性,SMA在塑性变形后可不通过加热即自复位至初始形状;当温度低于Mf时,SMA相变至马氏体并表现形状记忆效应,塑性加载后SMA出现残余变形,但通过加热SMA至奥氏体可以使其恢复至变形前的形状[5]。随着SMA材料的不断发展,不同种类的SMA性能不断革新,主要的种类包括Ni-Ti SMA、Cu SMA和Fe SMA。
将SMA应用于TMD系统,构成SMA-TMD复合系统[6],通过控制温度来改变TMD系统刚度和阻尼,实现对受控结构提供半主动控制,可以有效克服TMD系统的失调问题,且SMA的性能受温度控制能力强,能够在更宽频域下解决TMD失调问题。TORRA等[7]研究结果表示,Ni-Ti SMA的动态力学性能随温度变化而改变,温度上升Ni-Ti SMA的相变应力与弹性模量增长,阻尼比下降。与其他类型的SMA相比,Ni-Ti SMA的材料性能对温度变化较为敏感,更适和应用于半主动控制。孙万泉等[1]利用SMA的变弹模特性设计SMA-TMD半主动控制系统,能够有效抑制结构自振频率漂移。HUANG等[8-9]进行不同温度下单根SMA棒材的自由振动试验,证明了温度控制SMA棒材刚度和阻尼比的可能性。HUANG等[10]对一缩尺二层钢框架结构进行了振动台试验,TMD失调后可通过冷却或加热SMA可以使TMD重新调谐。然而缩尺试验可能会出现尺寸效应;同时,现有的SMA-TMD研究较多的使用了SMA丝材[11-13],而将TMD系统应用于足尺结构时,丝材的耗能性能、刚度和强度都有限;此外,大尺寸与小尺寸SMA棒材在材料性能方面也有着区别,晶界对SMA动态力学性能影响显著[5];当SMA棒材尺寸较大时,还需验证在加热或冷却时,是否能够有足够的效果来控制SMA刚度的变化,进而对受控结构进行半主动控制。因此,有必要进行足尺的SMA-TMD试验验证其对受控结构半主动控制的可行性。
TMD按形式可分为支撑式、摆式和悬吊式。悬吊质量摆阻尼器具有构造与原理简单和减振效果显著等优点。闫维明等[14]设计了新型悬吊型TMD并将其应用于某标志塔进行风振控制,结果表明TMD的位移减震控制效果可达到30%左右。牛健等[15]设计基于SMA的悬吊质量摆减振系统,在Matlab软件中验证其在不同地震作用下对结构体系的减振效果。在足尺试验中,若使用SMA棒材悬吊质量块,会使SMA棒材产生较大的预应力,使得疲劳周期降低[16],甚至发生断裂,存在安全隐患,而现阶段很少有关于悬吊式TMD足尺试验的研究。
本文设计了悬吊式SMA-TMD系统,利用钢索悬吊质量块,避免SMA棒材产生较大预应力,利用Ni-Ti SMA材性受温度控制强的特性,使用多个大尺寸SMA棒材并联受弯提供足够的刚度和强度,将结构振动的能量转换至SMA-TMD系统上,达到SMA-TMD对受控结构实现半主动减振控制的目的。本研究进行了SMA-TMD系统的足尺自由振动试验,改变SMA棒材工作温度,探究温度变化对SMA-TMD系统频率及阻尼比影响,得到对受控结构半主动控制的有效频域。
SMA-TMD系统z-y立面构造示意图如图1(a)所示(z-y立面示意图与z-y立面相同),其中质量块为质量0.964 8 t的立方体,由4根长度为150 mm的钢索悬吊承担其质量。质量块中心至摆心的距离l为476.5 mm,万向铰铰心距离摆心距离h为789 mm。如图1(b)所示,设计SMA棒材有效长度为132 mm,矩形有效截面尺寸为15 mm(x方向)×25 mm(y方向),以提供TMD这2个方向(xy)不同的抗弯刚度,设置过渡段长度为20 mm以便SMA棒材受弯。SMA-TMD系统试验图如图2(a)所示,在底板上设置钢框架,利用钢框架次梁承担质量块质量;质量块底端焊接圆柱,万向铰上端通过圆柱与质量块固接,SMA上端固定段通过万向铰与质量块连接,下端固定段伸入套筒固接于底板,如图2(b)所示;质量块由钢索悬吊于钢框架次梁上如图2(c)所示;4根SMA棒材分布于质量块底端角部,避免质量块在自由振动中出现扭转,如图2(d)所示。当SMA-TMD受到激励时,可以使钢索悬吊质量块摆动,使SMA棒材受弯提供xy这2个方向刚度。4根大尺寸Ni-Ti SMA棒材平行受弯,提供TMD足够的受弯刚度,为单根SMA棒材受弯刚度的4倍。
基于传统悬吊式TMD力学模型,得到SMA-TMD系统应用于受控结构时的力学模型,如图3所示,受控结构简化为单自由度体系,质量为m1、刚度为k1、阻尼为c1。施加在受控结构的荷载为F1t),受控结构位移为x1t),钢索摆动角度为θt),设计SMA棒材有效截面为矩形,提供xy方向不同的抗弯刚度,图3z-y平面力学模型,z-x平面与z-y平面力学模型相同,仅SMA棒材提供的受弯刚度不同。设计SMA-TMD系统为悬吊型,质量块的质量全部由钢索承担,如图2(c)所示。底板焊接套筒为可拆卸,在钢索悬吊质量块之后安装4根SMA棒材,通过调整图2(c)次梁上方螺栓使得质量块水平,在质量块水平静止状态下,4根SMA棒材上端与万向铰下端套筒均可滑动,安装方便的同时避免由SMA悬吊质量块产生较大预应力。由多个大尺寸Ni-Ti SMA棒材并联受弯提供SMA-TMD系统的总刚度k2,质量块的质量为m2,阻尼c2l为质量块质心与摆心之间的距离。忽略SMA棒材轴向变形,同时忽略SMA棒材质量,将SMA棒材抗弯刚度与阻尼等效于万向铰铰心,距离摆心距离为h
基于悬吊型TMD及小摆角假设,由图3力学模型及虚功原理推导其运动方程:
由式(1)~式(4)得
由式(5)、式(6)得出SMA-TMD系统应用于受控结构的运动方程为
在不同的SMA种类中,Ni-Ti SMA发展最为成熟,易于购买,材料特性优良,拥有良好的受温度影响特性,适合应用于半主动控制,同时Ni-Ti SMA晶体较小,不易发生晶界断裂,因此本文阻尼器试验选用Ni-Ti SMA棒材。根据西安赛特金属材料有限公司提供成分表得知Ni-Ti SMA的化学成分约为:Ni为56%,Ti为43%。为了将SMA棒材应用于TMD中,需研究温度对其性能的控制,分析SMA相变温度及热力学性能。使用差式扫描量热法(differential scanning calorimetry,DSC)对13.6 mg上述Ni-Ti SMA试样进行测试,记录试样的DSC曲线,温度设定-40~-100 ℃,测得SMA的相变温度为Mf =-11.1 ℃,Ms =-9.3 ℃,As =-2.2 ℃,Af =25.7 ℃。
SMA-TMD系统的自由振动试验在北京工业大学结构实验室进行。试验目的为探究温度变化对SMA-TMD系统力学性能的影响,得到其对受控结构半主动控制的有效频域。分别在xy方向上给质量块施加一定的初始位移,使得质量块自由振动,在质量块xy这2个方向上分别连接加速度传感器,获得质量块在自由振动中的加速度时程曲线,采样频率为1000 Hz。在4根SMA棒材中部外表面分别连接4个热电偶测温仪,在SMA棒材周围附有保温材料,Ni-Ti SMA对温度较为敏感,使用热风枪和降温喷雾可以迅速改变SMA棒材工作温度,在加热或降温后确保1 min内SMA棒材温度不发生变化,即开始进行自由振动试验,控制其工作温度从-40 ℃变化到80 ℃,温度间隔取10 ℃。SMA-TMD系统自由振动试验编号如表1所示,共进行26组SMA-TMD系统自由振动试验。仪器连接位置均如图1(a)所示,z-x平面与z-y平面相同。
表1中试验1~13和试验14~26分别为随着SMA工作温度从-40~+80 ℃变化,每隔10 ℃对SMA-TMD系统进行自由振动试验。分析试验测得质量块加速度时程,使用矩阵束(matrix pencil)方法计算阻尼器xy方向的频率和阻尼比,变化曲线如图4所示,SMA-TMD系统的频率随温度升高呈上升趋势,阻尼比随温度升高呈下降趋势;在x方向阻尼器频率从1.8842 Hz增大到2.3029 Hz,频率变化差值达0.418 7 Hz,阻尼比从12.86%减小至2.69%,在y方向阻尼器频率从2.6166 Hz增大到3.5812 Hz,频率变化差值达0.9646 Hz,阻尼比从10.06%减小至3.54%。
当温度在-10~+30 ℃范围内,阻尼器频率变化较大,温度在-20 ℃以下及50 ℃以上时,阻尼器频率变化较为平缓。试验中采用的Ni-Ti SMA棒材的相变温度为Mf = -11.1 ℃,Ms = -9.3 ℃,As = -2.2 ℃,Af = 25.7 ℃,当温度低于-11.1 ℃时,SMA的晶体状态无法从马氏体转变为奥氏体,当温度在-11.1~+25.7 ℃时,SMA完成从马氏体变化到奥氏体的晶体相变,同时,在此温度阶段,SMA处于马氏体与奥氏体的混合状态,此时阻尼最大,从25.7 ℃至马氏体消失温度Md时,SMA实现其超弹性性能。因此,当SMA工作温度处于晶体状态改变范围内,TMD频率变化较大,同时,此时的SMA阻尼最大,可耗散更多的振动能量。本文SMA-TMD系统在常温(20 ℃)时,SMA晶体相变处于马氏体与奥氏体混合状态,更利于通过控制SMA温度使阻尼器在更宽频域内快速重新调谐。因此,SMA-TMD系统适用于受控结构的自然频率范围,应在-10~+30 ℃时,SMA-TMD系统频域内,x方向为1.8784~2.0901 Hz,y方向为2.8431~3.4011 Hz。
根据能量守恒关系,SMA-TMD系统频率公式为
式中g为重力加速度。
由式(8)可知,SMA-TMD系统频率与质量块质量m2、有效摆长l和SMA-TMD刚度k2相关,而SMA刚度则与其有效长度及有效截面尺寸有关。根据式(8)可得SMA-TMD等效刚度公式为
式中ω2为SMA-TMD系统圆频率。
根据试验数据计算所得SMA-TMD系统频率,由式(9)可计算SMA-TMD系统等效刚度。SMA棒材与质量块平行连接,且具有相同的位移和加速度,SMA-TMD系统等效刚度和阻尼系数为4根SMA棒材相加之和。由等效刚度与ω2关系可知,随着SMA棒材工作温度升高,SMA-TMD系统等效刚度也随之呈现升高趋势,反之,等效刚度呈下降趋势,SMA-TMD在xy方向随温度变化的等效刚度曲线如图5所示,x方向SMA-TMD系统等效刚度从42.08 N/mm变化到66.44 N/mm,y方向从87.88 N/mm变化到170.93 N/mm,整体变化趋势与SMA-TMD系统频率变化趋势相同。
本研究进行了足尺的SMA-TMD自由振动试验,使用了大尺寸Ni-Ti SMA棒材提供TMD抗弯刚度,使用多个SMA棒材并联组合,增加了SMA-TMD阻尼,消耗了更多能量,使得自由振动可以快速衰减,减少了SMA的循环变形。工程中也可采用并联多根不同相变温度的SMA棒材受弯为阻尼器提供刚度,可实现更大范围的改变温度。SMA棒材尺寸不同,热量的传递可能不同,温度对其刚度的影响也可能不同。本研究设计SMA-TMD采用了Ni-Ti SMA棒材,利用其对温度敏感的特性,实现对SMA棒材的快速升温降温。试验中应用的Ni-Ti SMA棒材尺寸较大,加热与冷却措施都直接针对SMA棒材的外表面,今后可以采用更为先进有效的加热或冷却措施,如通过电流焦耳加热SMA棒材,温度高低均由直流电源的电压控制,采用四氟乙烷冷却SMA棒材,使得温度控制更加充分[17-18]。在实际应用中,将SMA-TMD系统安置于建筑结构室内,同时SMA棒材周围附有保温材料或置于保温箱中,受外界温度影响小,温度控制也更加稳定有效。本文设计SMA-TMD系统主要针对轻型结构如木结构等,因此质量块质量较轻,阻尼器质量块与受控结构质量比最适宜在1%~5%范围内,在实际应用中可根据受控结构质量以及施工造价等因素设计质量块质量。在施加质量块初始位移使其自由振动的过程中,质量块出现了轻微的扭转,在今后的应用中,可将钢索悬吊质量块角部,保证SMA-TMD系统的低阶模态为质量块分别在xy方向的摆动。
多重调谐质量阻尼器(multiple tuned mass dampers,MTMD)在基于单个TMD理论基础上被提出,MTMD具有多个不同动力特性且频率呈线性分布的单阻尼器,可进一步改善单个TMD的有效性和鲁棒性,同时可以在较宽频带上对受控结构进行振动控制[19-20]。当MTMD质量更大时对受控结果的振动控制更强[21],本研究中的SMA-TMD质量块质量为0.964 t,今后可以将SMA-TMD应用为多阻尼器(MTMD),增大多阻尼器质量块的总质量与受控结构质量的质量比,来对受控结构达到更好的减振效果,同时也扩大了温度调节MTMD的频带宽,对受控结构形成更好的半主动控制。轻型结构质量较轻,在荷载激励下易产生较大加速度,且结构自然频率易改变导致TMD漂移,MTMD可以在更宽频域上解决TMD失调问题,同时MTMD也分散了阻尼器质量,更有利于楼板承载。
本文设计的SMA-TMD系统在未来应用于轻型结构减震中,可在一定频域内解决TMD系统容易失调后造成严重后果的问题。当受控结构受到地震作用产生振动,对应用SMA-TMD系统的受控结构进行结构健康检测,检测结构质量、刚度变化,当受控结构的质量、刚度由于装饰、维修和人员设备的移动发生改变等原因导致TMD系统失调时,可立即通过信号处理,结合人工智能、机器学习[22-23]等技术快速运算地震及结构信息,迅速改变SMA温度使得TMD系统重新调谐,形成对受控结构的半主动控制。
本文针对TMD系统应用在轻型结构中易失调的问题,提出一种SMA-TMD半主动控制系统,进行了足尺自由振动试验。结论如下:
1)SMA棒材工作温度从-40 ℃变化到80 ℃,SMA-TMD系统x方向频率变化差值达0.4187 Hz,y方向频率变化差值达0.9646 Hz,x方向阻尼比变化差值达10.17%,y方向阻尼比变化差值达6.52%。
2)SMA-TMD系统的频率随温度升高呈上升趋势,阻尼比随温度升高呈减小趋势;其中,当SMA工作温度处于晶体状态改变范围内时,TMD频率变化较大。
3)当轻型结构质量改变等原因导致TMD失调时,可通过快速改变SMA棒材工作温度来控制TMD系统刚度和阻尼,使得SMA-TMD系统重新调谐。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(51908007)
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2024年第44卷第2期
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doi: 10.13197/j.eeed.2024.0209
  • 接收时间:2022-08-08
  • 首发时间:2026-03-30
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  • 收稿日期:2022-08-08
  • 修回日期:2022-10-08
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51908007)
作者信息
    1.北京工业大学 工程抗震与结构诊治北京市重点实验室,北京 100124
    2.纽卡斯尔大学 工程学院,纽卡斯尔 NE17RU

通讯作者:

黄浩宇(1990—),男,讲师,博士,主要从事现代木结构减震研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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